174 lines
19 KiB
XML
174 lines
19 KiB
XML
<document id="870B34E5A583BC8C215A11ACE82333F5" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3691.3.4" ID-GBIF-Dataset="bbe7775a-a8b6-4b7e-a470-e63ea34642a5" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="217393" ID-ZooBank="855A00F4-2E4B-4D0C-A458-B8111BFB7762" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460651134499" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Bonnet, Nadia Y. K., Rocha, Rosana M. & Carman, Mary R." docDate="2013" docId="9152C60FFF99667899808179FE6C6FB9" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03691p364.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3691 (3)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Ascidia ceratodes Huntsman 1912" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="355" masterDocId="6D6BBE77FF9A667C99178411FF9B6B7D" masterDocTitle="Ascidiidae Herdman, 1882 (Tunicata: Ascidiacea) on the Pacific coast of Panama" masterLastPageNumber="364" masterPageNumber="351" pageNumber="354" updateTime="1698337958006" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:titleInfo id="ECB5D207C727C6522C7D7B5656AD89BA">
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<mods:title id="52C1D4A9B3437A98E02CF190C7F3445F">Ascidiidae Herdman, 1882 (Tunicata: Ascidiacea) on the Pacific coast of Panama</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="0FA828E9DA02699D3E4E335F0F89E668" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="3BF615281078DDD407D00617CEADA22B">Bonnet, Nadia Y. K.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name id="0A1D5AE82C97EC8EF6BA21DFB42B6804" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="311B6E8E3167EBA9B891D0F88CFDDE01">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="A633DD0753A9D9039B1A6F4548D93578">Rocha, Rosana M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:roleTerm id="01CADE68BE08C1A36C342A64537FF56F">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="A7312E70767772547BEF88441D8F3CCC">Carman, Mary R.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="112E967D15FE4615E15ED966152B807A">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="1073E4FBE795B9DBD11F2EA10A7DD740">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="259218D19DDF657B221ED5CCE0119E57">
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<mods:date id="6682C2621994421548FD43FCA862F40D">2013</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="B66357C1B877F6F26518337FC22A6600">3691</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail id="A714DE40DAC762A18E582FA4F354AFEA" type="issue">
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<mods:number id="7654F9094E3DF7ACC48A91B9E6627F6D">3</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="84950A43C2B91B4D57A03CF8B90BC6FA">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="B030F6AA92CA02F3C2AAEE691DAE0A3E" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.3691.3.4</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="2DDCBBAEF6FADC28B44714A0A6458EC6" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="74CF2F8CAC6A6820B200689DE5E0FFC0" type="Zenodo-Dep">217393</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="9152C60FFF99667899808179FE6C6FB9" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5665664" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119572711" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5665664" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:9152C60FFF99667899808179FE6C6FB9" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/9152C60FFF99667899808179FE6C6FB9" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="355" pageId="3" pageNumber="354">
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<subSubSection id="51E12492FF99667F99808179FF706EDE" pageId="3" pageNumber="354" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="19447719FF99667F99808179FDCA6EFF" blockId="3.[151,593,1384,1443]" box="[151,593,1384,1410]" pageId="3" pageNumber="354">
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<heading id="420CC075FF99667F99808179FDCA6EFF" bold="true" box="[151,593,1384,1410]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="354" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="DEFB0C9AFF99667F99808179FDCA6EFF" authority="Huntsman, 1912" authorityName="Huntsman" authorityYear="1912" box="[151,593,1384,1410]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Ascidiidae" genus="Ascidia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="3" pageNumber="354" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ceratodes">
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<emphasis id="2B8FAB0BFF99667F99808179FDCA6EFF" bold="true" box="[151,593,1384,1410]" pageId="3" pageNumber="354">
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<emphasis id="2B8FAB0BFF99667F99808179FEF16EFF" bold="true" box="[151,362,1384,1410]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="354">Ascidia ceratodes</emphasis>
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(Huntsman, 1912)
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="19447719FF99667F9980819AFF706EDE" blockId="3.[151,593,1384,1443]" box="[151,235,1419,1443]" pageId="3" pageNumber="354">
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(
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<figureCitation id="81C06B9CFF99667F9988819AFF786EDE" box="[159,227,1419,1443]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1839,1862]" captionTargetBox="[316,1270,1302,1790]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[289,1297,1276,1818]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Ascidia ceratodes. A. Right side of body (without tunic). B. Left side of body (without tunic). Scale bar: A, B = 0.5 cm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/217394/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="354">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="51E12492FF996678998081C3FB2468FD" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="355" pageId="3" pageNumber="354" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="19447719FF99667F998081C3FF746DE2" blockId="3.[151,1436,1490,2019]" pageId="3" pageNumber="354">
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<emphasis id="2B8FAB0BFF99667F998081C3FE186E96" bold="true" box="[151,387,1490,1515]" pageId="3" pageNumber="354">Material examined.</emphasis>
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DZUP ASC 52 – 5 ind.; STRI dock,
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<collectingCountry id="61EC3789FF99667F9A2981C5FC0C6E96" box="[830,919,1492,1515]" name="Panama" pageId="3" pageNumber="354">Panama</collectingCountry>
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City;
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<quantity id="DE03DAFCFF99667F9AF581C2FBBC6E96" box="[994,1063,1491,1515]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="3" pageNumber="354" unit="m" value="1.5">1.5 m</quantity>
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, inside bricks;
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<date id="6D4551D9FF99667F9DCE81C2FAC66E96" box="[1241,1373,1491,1515]" pageId="3" pageNumber="354" value="2008-12-07">07/xii/2008</date>
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; col.: R.M. Rocha; DZUP ASC 187 – 6 ind.;
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<date id="6D4551D9FF99667F9B4981E6FD566D72" box="[606,717,1527,1551]" pageId="3" pageNumber="354" value="2009-01-04">04/i/2009</date>
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; col.: R.M. Rocha. DZUP ASC 51 – 3 ind.;
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<taxonomicName id="DEFB0C9AFF99667F9DDA81E6FA0C6D72" authority="Flamenco" authorityName="Flamenco" box="[1229,1431,1527,1551]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Marina" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="3" pageNumber="354" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Marina Flamenco</taxonomicName>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="61EC3789FF99667F9980820DFF6B6D4E" box="[151,240,1564,1587]" name="Panama" pageId="3" pageNumber="354">Panama</collectingCountry>
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City;
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<quantity id="DE03DAFCFF99667F9822820AFEE36D4E" box="[309,376,1563,1587]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="3" pageNumber="354" unit="m" value="1.5">1.5 m</quantity>
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, inside bricks;
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<date id="6D4551D9FF99667F9B36820AFD3E6D4E" box="[545,677,1563,1587]" pageId="3" pageNumber="354" value="2008-12-06">06/xii/2008</date>
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; col.: R.M. Rocha; DZUP ASC 53 – 4 ind.;
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<quantity id="DE03DAFCFF99667F9D83820AFB4B6D4E" box="[1172,1232,1563,1587]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="3" pageNumber="354" unit="m" value="1.5">1.5m</quantity>
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, inside bricks;
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<date id="6D4551D9FF99667F9C6F820AFF796D2A" pageId="3" pageNumber="354" value="2009-01-04">04/ i/2009</date>
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; col.: R.M. Rocha. DZUP ASC 54 – 1 ind.; Pluto, Canales de Tierra Island; 13.0 m, under rocks;
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<date id="6D4551D9FF99667F9C3E822EFA0C6D2A" box="[1321,1431,1599,1623]" pageId="3" pageNumber="354" value="2009-01-10">10/i/2009</date>
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; col.: R.M. Rocha. DZUP ASC 184 – 2 ind.; Playa Venados, Veracruz; intertidal, under rocks;
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<date id="6D4551D9FF99667F9DD28272FADA6D06" box="[1221,1345,1635,1659]" pageId="3" pageNumber="354" value="2011-09-30">30/ix/2011</date>
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; N.Y.K. Bonnet.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="19447719FF99667F99D082BAFCC16C52" blockId="3.[151,1436,1490,2019]" pageId="3" pageNumber="354">
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The animals are usually small (up to
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<quantity id="DE03DAFCFF99667F9B7882BAFD276DBE" box="[623,700,1707,1731]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.3" pageId="3" pageNumber="354" unit="cm" value="3.3">3.3 cm</quantity>
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total length) and are fixed to the substrate by the left side of the body. Usually there is no incrustation, but occasionally there are tubes of polychaetes and hydroids on the free surface. The living animal is yellowish with orange siphons, but after fixation these colors disappear. The tunic is translucent, with cartilaginous consistency (
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<quantity id="DE03DAFCFF99667F9B968306FC916C52" box="[641,778,1815,1839]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" metricValueMax="2.2" metricValueMin="0.2" pageId="3" pageNumber="354" unit="mm" value="1.2" valueMax="2.2" valueMin="0.2">0.2–2.2 mm</quantity>
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thick).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="19447719FF99667F99D0832AFE876C9E" blockId="3.[151,1436,1490,2019]" pageId="3" pageNumber="354">
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The body is oval, 0.8–2.0 cm long (including the oral siphon) and 0.4–2.0 cm wide, without the tunic. Usually both siphons are small (about
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<quantity id="DE03DAFCFF99667F98F2834EFDFE6C0A" box="[485,613,1887,1911]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="354" unit="cm" value="0.3" valueMax="0.5" valueMin="0.1">0.1–0.5 cm</quantity>
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), but the oral siphon may be longer (up to
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<quantity id="DE03DAFCFF99667F9D2A834EFB166C0A" box="[1085,1165,1887,1911]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="3" pageNumber="354" unit="cm" value="1.2">1.2 cm</quantity>
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). The oral siphon has 8– 9 lobes and the atrial has 6 lobes; both with orange dots between the lobes, and without any projections on the margin. The atrial siphon is directed towards the posterior region of the body. The neural ganglion is closer to the oral siphon.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="19447719FF9E667899D08489FB8A6B8A" blockId="4.[151,1436,151,1220]" pageId="4" pageNumber="355">
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A net of
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<quantity id="DE03DAFCFF9E6678983A8486FE4A6BD2" box="[301,465,151,175]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" metricValueMax="15.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="355" unit="mm" value="0.09" valueMax="0.15" valueMin="0.03">0.03–0.15 mm</quantity>
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thick fibers forms the musculature on the right side. On the left side, the longitudinal muscles extending from the oral siphon are short and a band of short parallel transverse fibers is found on the dorsal region. The longitudinal fibers in the siphons are not organized in bands.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="19447719FF9E667899D08515FDF469F9" blockId="4.[151,1436,151,1220]" pageId="4" pageNumber="355">
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There are 83–217 oral tentacles, of three sizes; the largest is
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<quantity id="DE03DAFCFF9E66789A968515FB906A61" box="[897,1035,260,284]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7" metricValueMax="2.1" metricValueMin="1.3" pageId="4" pageNumber="355" unit="mm" value="1.7" valueMax="2.1" valueMin="1.3">1.3–2.1 mm</quantity>
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long. The prepharyngeal groove is double and the anterior membrane of the prepharyngeal groove usually has projections. The distance between the line of tentacles and the prepharyngeal groove is short (up to
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<quantity id="DE03DAFCFF9E66789A98855DFBBA6A19" box="[911,1057,332,356]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7" metricValueMax="11.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="355" unit="mm" value="0.7" valueMax="1.1" valueMin="0.3">0.3–1.1 mm</quantity>
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), with or without papillae. The peritubercular area is short and the dorsal tubercle aperture is U-shaped, with or without enrolled ends. The dorsal lamina is double anteriorly; when it merges, the margin is toothed (teeth not related with the ends of the transverse vessels). The dorsal lamina passes by the left of the esophagus aperture to the end of the pharynx, close to the stomach; absence of papillae on the right side of the dorsal lamina at the level of the esophagus. There is a narrow lamina on the right of the esophageal aperture. The pharynx has 24–38 longitudinal vessels on the right side, 23–35 longitudinal vessels on the left, and 47–81 transverse vessels; it is pleated, with 5–7 stigmata per mesh. The primary papillae in the pharynx could be simple, bi or trilobed. There are secondary papillae in some parts of the pharynx. Parastigmatic vessels are absent.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="19447719FF9E667899D0869EFA886869" blockId="4.[151,1436,151,1220]" pageId="4" pageNumber="355">
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The alimentary canal occupies half or more of the left side of the body. The stomach is oval and large, with 9– 11 internal longitudinal folds. The isodiametric intestine forms a primary and a secondary loop. The anus is located approximately 3.0–
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<quantity id="DE03DAFCFF9E6678986086C6FE496992" box="[375,466,727,751]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.9" pageId="4" pageNumber="355" unit="mm" value="8.9">8.9 mm</quantity>
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from the oral tentacles; it has a smooth or bilobed rim. Renal vesicles are very conspicuous (
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<quantity id="DE03DAFCFF9E6678982786EDFE5C6869" box="[304,455,764,788]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.75" metricValueMax="2.5" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="355" unit="mm" value="0.175" valueMax="0.25" valueMin="0.1">0.1–0.25 mm</quantity>
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in diameter) and cover the stomach and the ascendant loop of the intestine.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="19447719FF9E667899D0870EFB2468FD" blockId="4.[151,1436,151,1220]" pageId="4" pageNumber="355">
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The ovary is compact and localized inside the primary intestinal loop, where it is visible both from the outside and atrial cavity side. Oocytes are approximately
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<quantity id="DE03DAFCFF9E66789BFE8755FCDF6821" box="[745,836,836,860]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="355" unit="mm" value="0.1">0.1 mm</quantity>
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in diameter. The testis follicles are elongated and overlying part of the stomach and intestine. Gonoducts open just posterior to the anus aperture.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="51E12492FF9E667899D0879DFE6C6FB9" pageId="4" pageNumber="355" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="19447719FF9E667899D0879DFE6C6FB9" blockId="4.[151,1436,151,1220]" pageId="4" pageNumber="355">
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<emphasis id="2B8FAB0BFF9E667899D0879DFEA068D9" bold="true" box="[199,315,908,932]" pageId="4" pageNumber="355">Remarks.</emphasis>
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Van Name (1945) described
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<taxonomicName id="DEFB0C9AFF9E66789B69879DFC9168D9" box="[638,778,908,932]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Ascidiidae" genus="Ascidia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="4" pageNumber="355" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ceratodes">
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<emphasis id="2B8FAB0BFF9E66789B69879DFC9168D9" box="[638,778,908,932]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="355">A. ceratodes</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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as similar to juveniles of
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<taxonomicName id="DEFB0C9AFF9E66789D30879DFAD068D9" authority="Heller, 1978" authorityName="Heller" authorityYear="1978" box="[1063,1355,908,932]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Ascidiidae" genus="Ascidia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="4" pageNumber="355" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="interrupta">
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<emphasis id="2B8FAB0BFF9E66789D30879DFB2C68D9" box="[1063,1207,908,932]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="355">A. interrupta</emphasis>
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Heller, 1978
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</taxonomicName>
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. We do not agree because the absence of projections in the tunic surface, the larger number of oral tentacles, the smaller number of longitudinal vessels in the pharynx, the isodiametric intestine and the conspicuous renal vesicles are characteristics which distinguish
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<taxonomicName id="DEFB0C9AFF9E66789B3687E9FD2F6F6D" box="[545,692,1016,1040]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Ascidiidae" genus="Ascidia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="4" pageNumber="355" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ceratodes">
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<emphasis id="2B8FAB0BFF9E66789B3687E9FD2F6F6D" box="[545,692,1016,1040]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="355">A. ceratodes</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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from
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<taxonomicName id="DEFB0C9AFF9E66789A1187E9FC066F6D" box="[774,925,1016,1040]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Ascidiidae" genus="Ascidia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="4" pageNumber="355" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="interrupta">
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<emphasis id="2B8FAB0BFF9E66789A1187E9FC066F6D" box="[774,925,1016,1040]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="355">A. interrupta</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. Van Name (1945) cited the geographical distribution of this species from British
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<collectingCountry id="61EC3789FF9E66789B7E800DFD4C6F49" box="[617,727,1052,1076]" name="United States of America" pageId="4" pageNumber="355">Columbia</collectingCountry>
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south to California and comments about doubtful specimens from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="61EC3789FF9E667899C2802EFEA96F2A" box="[213,306,1087,1111]" name="Ecuador" pageId="4" pageNumber="355">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
|
||
and north
|
||
<collectingCountry id="61EC3789FF9E667898B9802EFE756F2A" box="[430,494,1087,1111]" name="Chile" pageId="4" pageNumber="355">Chile</collectingCountry>
|
||
. Later, Tokioka (1972) reported the species in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="61EC3789FF9E66789AE9802EFBE36F2A" box="[1022,1144,1087,1111]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="4" pageNumber="355">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
|
||
and Carman
|
||
<emphasis id="2B8FAB0BFF9E66789C068050FAD86F25" box="[1297,1347,1088,1112]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="355">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (2011) extended its range to
|
||
<collectingCountry id="61EC3789FF9E6678989B8074FE736F01" box="[396,488,1125,1148]" name="Panama" pageId="4" pageNumber="355">Panama</collectingCountry>
|
||
. It is uncertain whether these tropical populations are in their native region and the species is expected to be found along all Central
|
||
<collectingCountry id="61EC3789FF9E66789BD28099FCBD6FDD" box="[709,806,1160,1184]" name="United States of America" pageId="4" pageNumber="355">America</collectingCountry>
|
||
Pacific coast or whether the southern populations were introduced by human transport.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |