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<mods:title id="C9B1A4831A1EB5B1CC789923A05DE6F2">A contribution to cavernicolous beetle diversity of South China Karst: eight new genera and fourteen new species (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Trechini)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="22274B39DF6C2E0ADF9A335AC5E00413">Tian, Mingyi</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="674766CA99812814A6A655E43275A3B6">Huang, Sunbin</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="938EA39D8BBEEBBFB97D271CA2400EEE">Jia, Xinyang</mods:namePart>
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<paragraph id="8B8336BBBF3CFFADFF7F45CF2318FB30" blockId="4.[151,376,1194,1221]" box="[151,376,1194,1221]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
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<emphasis id="B948EAA9BF3CFFADFF7F45CF2318FB30" bold="true" box="[151,376,1194,1221]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<taxonomicName id="4C3C4D38BF3CFFADFF7F45CF237EFB30" authority="Tian &amp; Huang &amp; Jia, 2023" authorityName="Tian &amp; Huang &amp; Jia" authorityYear="2023" box="[151,286,1194,1221]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Youtrechus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="B948EAA9BF3CFFADFF7F45CF237EFB30" bold="true" box="[151,286,1194,1221]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Youtrechus</emphasis>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27B57D2BF3CFFADFECE45CE2318FB30" box="[294,376,1195,1221]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" rank="genus">n. gen.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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<paragraph id="8B8336BBBF3CFFADFF7F4595211BFAF2" blockId="4.[151,891,1263,1288]" box="[151,891,1263,1288]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<materialsCitation id="3B543CE6BF3CFFADFF7F4595211BFAF2" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4030741310" box="[151,891,1263,1288]" location="Xianning" municipality="Feixian Dong" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Hubei" typeStatus="holotype">
<typeStatus id="54878819BF3CFFADFF7F459522A9FAFD" box="[151,201,1264,1288]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Type</typeStatus>
species:
<taxonomicName id="4C3C4D38BF3CFFADFECE458A2384FAF2" authority="Tian &amp; Huang &amp; Jia, 2023" authorityName="Tian &amp; Huang &amp; Jia" authorityYear="2023" box="[294,484,1263,1287]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Youtrechus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="zijunae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B948EAA9BF3CFFADFECE458A2384FAF2" box="[294,484,1263,1287]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Youtrechus zijunae</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="B948EAA9BF3CFFADFE03458A2044FAF2" bold="true" box="[491,548,1263,1287]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27B57D2BF3CFFADFE03458A2044FAF2" box="[491,548,1263,1287]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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(
<collectingMunicipality id="6BE7ACC1BF3CFFADFDD9458A20A0FAFD" box="[561,704,1263,1288]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Feixian Dong</collectingMunicipality>
,
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,
<collectingRegion id="49F8F859BF3CFFADFCDD458A2115FAF2" box="[821,885,1263,1287]" country="China" name="Hubei" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Hubei</collectingRegion>
)
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<paragraph id="8B8336BBBF3CFFADFF7F445026DFF865" blockId="4.[151,1437,1333,2007]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<emphasis id="B948EAA9BF3CFFADFF7F445023D3FABA" bold="true" box="[151,435,1333,1359]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Generic characteristics.</emphasis>
Medium-sized for cave trechines, semi-aphaenopsian body moderately elongate, surface glabrous. Head stout, slightly longer than wide, sides slightly expanded; neck narrow, constriction well-marked; presence of two pairs of supraorbital setiferous pores; frontal furrows well-marked, not parallel-sided, slightly divergent at base, strongly contracted medially, and widely divergent posteriorly; frons rather flat, vertex convex; right mandibular tooth tridentate, though median one more or less reduced; mentum and submentum separated by labial suture, mentum bisetose, base largely concave, tooth short, widened and blunt at apex; submentum with a row of 6 setae; antennae fairly long, extending at about apical 1/5 and 1/4 of elytra in male and female respectively. Prothorax not tumid, propleura invisible from above; pronotum quadrate, as long as head excluding mandibles, widest at about 1/3 from front, hind angles nearly rectangular, pointed; base emarginate; presence of two pairs of latero-marginal setae; disc slightly convex. Elytra elongated ovate, longer than head plus pronotum, widest at about middle, humeral angles completely rounded; lateral margins smooth and glabrous throughout; disc strongly convex, striae fine and deep, intervals convex; presence of three dorsal and one preapical pores; humeral set of the marginal umbilicate pores not aggregated. 1
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and 2
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protarsomeres widened and protruded inwardly at apex in male; tibiae longitudinally sulcated. Ventrites smooth, IV
<collectionCode id="ED2DAE7EBF3CFFADFD4F466F20A5F8D1" box="[679,709,1802,1828]" country="Norway" name="Mykotektet, National Veterinary Institute" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">VI</collectionCode>
each with two pairs of paramedial setae, together with several pubescence in middle portion, VII bisetose apically in male, 6-setose in female. Male genitalia: aedeagus wellsclerotized, moderately elongated, strongly arcuate near base; base large and wide, apical lobe broad in frontal view, slightly bent at tip in lateral view. Parameres thin and small, each with three long setae at apex.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3266530BF3CFFADFF2F46FC203AF822" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8B8336BBBF3CFFADFF2F46FC203AF822" blockId="4.[151,1437,1333,2007]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<emphasis id="B948EAA9BF3CFFADFF2F46FC232EF846" bold="true" box="[199,334,1945,1971]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Etymology.</emphasis>
“You” +
<taxonomicName id="4C3C4D38BF3CFFADFE2446FC2044F846" box="[460,548,1945,1971]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Trechus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B948EAA9BF3CFFADFE2446FC2044F846" box="[460,548,1945,1971]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Trechus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, “You” means dark in Chinese, referring to the trechine beetles living in subterranean habitat. Gender masculine.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3266530BF3DFFACFF2F41F2202FFD5C" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8B8336BBBF3DFFACFF2F41F221A6FE58" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,681]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<emphasis id="B948EAA9BF3DFFACFF2F41F2235BFF44" bold="true" box="[199,315,151,177]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Remarks.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C3C4D38BF3DFFACFEAB41F223DDFF44" authorityName="Tian &amp; Huang &amp; Jia" authorityYear="2023" box="[323,445,151,177]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Youtrechus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B948EAA9BF3DFFACFEAB41F223DDFF44" box="[323,445,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Youtrechus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is the unique cavernicolous genus of the tribe
<taxonomicName id="4C3C4D38BF3DFFACFC3841F2264EFF44" authorityName="Bonelli" authorityYear="1810" box="[976,1070,151,177]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Trechini">Trechini</taxonomicName>
known so far from southeastern
<collectingRegion id="49F8F859BF3DFFACFF7F41DE232AFF20" box="[151,330,187,213]" country="China" name="Hubei" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Hubei Province</collectingRegion>
. It has no evident relative because the locality (cave Feixian Dong) is very far from those of other cave trechine beetles. For instance, the closest cave is Shuilian Dong in northwestern
<collectingRegion id="49F8F859BF3DFFACFBBC41BA276FFF0C" box="[1108,1295,223,249]" country="China" name="Jiangxi" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Jiangxi Province</collectingRegion>
(the locality of
<taxonomicName id="4C3C4D38BF3DFFACFF5C40662048FEE8" authority="Tian &amp; Yin, 2013" authorityName="Tian &amp; Yin" authorityYear="2013" box="[180,552,259,285]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Luoxiaotrechus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B948EAA9BF3DFFACFF5C40662301FEE8" box="[180,353,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Luoxiaotrechus</emphasis>
Tian &amp; Yin, 2013
</taxonomicName>
), which is
<quantity id="4CC49B5EBF3DFFACFD734066208FFEE8" box="[667,751,259,285]" metricMagnitude="5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.6" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" unit="km" value="260.0">260 km</quantity>
in linear distance from Feixian Dong. However, the combined generic characters of
<taxonomicName id="4C3C4D38BF3DFFACFE6440422066FEB4" authorityName="Tian &amp; Huang &amp; Jia" authorityYear="2023" box="[396,518,295,321]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Youtrechus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B948EAA9BF3DFFACFE6440422066FEB4" box="[396,518,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Youtrechus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
such as body shape, tridentate right mandibular tooth, modified protarsomeres 1 and
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male, presence of labial suture and chaetotaxy patterns on head, pronotum and elytra indicate that this new genus is probably close to the genus
<taxonomicName id="4C3C4D38BF3DFFACFDD8400A210AFE7C" authority="Ueno, 2000" authorityName="Ueno" authorityYear="2000" box="[560,874,367,393]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Qianaphaenops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B948EAA9BF3DFFACFDD8400A2081FE7C" box="[560,737,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Qianaphaenops</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFAD4B4ABF3DFFACFD00400A210AFE7C" author="Ueno, S. I." box="[744,874,367,393]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="1 - 38" refId="ref29024" refString="Ueno, S. I. (2000) New cave trechines (Coleoptera, Trechinae) from northeastern Guizhou, South China. Journal of the Speleological Society of Japan, 25, 1 - 38." type="journal article" year="2000">Uéno, 2000</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
which is a diverse complex occurring in
<collectingRegion id="49F8F859BF3DFFACFADD400A27F8FE7C" box="[1333,1432,367,393]" country="China" name="Guizhou" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Guizhou</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="49F8F859BF3DFFACFF7F40F62373FE58" box="[151,275,403,429]" country="China" name="Chongqing" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Chongqing</collectingRegion>
and
<collectingRegion id="49F8F859BF3DFFACFEA240F623C4FE58" box="[330,420,403,429]" country="China" name="Shaanxi" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Shaanxi</collectingRegion>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFAD4B4ABF3DFFACFE5B40F62053FE58" author="Ueno, S. I." box="[435,563,403,429]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="1 - 38" refId="ref29024" refString="Ueno, S. I. (2000) New cave trechines (Coleoptera, Trechinae) from northeastern Guizhou, South China. Journal of the Speleological Society of Japan, 25, 1 - 38." type="journal article" year="2000">Uéno 2000</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFAD4B4ABF3DFFACFDD640F62091FE58" author="Tian, M. Y. &amp; Huang, S. B. &amp; Wang, D. M." box="[574,753,403,429]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="81 - 87" refId="ref28690" refString="Tian, M. Y., Huang, S. B. &amp; Wang, D. M. (2018) Occurrence of hypogean trechine beetles in Hanzhong Tiankeng Cluster, southwestern Shaanxi, China (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Trechinae). Annales de la Societe entomologique de France, New Series, 54 (1), 81 - 87. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00379271.2017.1417056" type="journal article" year="2018">
Tian
<emphasis id="B948EAA9BF3DFFACFD9F40F620CFFE58" box="[631,687,403,429]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">et al.</emphasis>
2018
</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFAD4B4ABF3DFFACFD1440F621DAFE58" author="Chen, M. &amp; Ma, Z. J. &amp; Tian, M. Y." box="[764,954,403,429]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="105 - 114" refId="ref27497" refString="Chen, M., Ma, Z. J. &amp; Tian, M. Y. (2019) Discovery of a cavernicolous trechine species from the Sanwang Dong-Erwang Dong cave system, Wulong, Chongqing, southwestern China (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Trechinae). Zootaxa, 4668 (1), 105 - 114. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4668.1.6" type="journal article" year="2019">
Chen
<emphasis id="B948EAA9BF3DFFACFCD640F62116FE58" box="[830,886,403,429]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">et al.</emphasis>
2019
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8336BBBF3DFFACFF2F40D226C7FDEC" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,681]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<taxonomicName id="4C3C4D38BF3DFFACFF2F40D22321FE24" authorityName="Tian &amp; Huang &amp; Jia" authorityYear="2023" box="[199,321,439,465]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Youtrechus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B948EAA9BF3DFFACFF2F40D22321FE24" box="[199,321,439,465]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Youtrechus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
may be related to some Japanese trechines (such as
<taxonomicName id="4C3C4D38BF3DFFACFC7340D226D5FE24" authority="Ueno, 1953" authorityName="Ueno" authorityYear="1953" box="[923,1205,438,465]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Epaphiopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B948EAA9BF3DFFACFC7340D22645FE24" box="[923,1061,439,465]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Epaphiopsis</emphasis>
Uéno, 1953
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C3C4D38BF3DFFACFB2A40D222AFFE00" authority="Jeannel, 1927" authorityName="Jeannel" authorityYear="1927" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Trechiama" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B948EAA9BF3DFFACFB2A40D22759FE24" box="[1218,1337,439,465]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Trechiama</emphasis>
Jeannel, 1927
</taxonomicName>
and so on) or to
<taxonomicName id="4C3C4D38BF3DFFACFE6740BE20C5FE00" authority="Jeannel, 1954" authorityName="Jeannel" authorityYear="1954" box="[399,677,474,501]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Trechiotes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B948EAA9BF3DFFACFE6740BE2063FE00" box="[399,515,475,501]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Trechiotes</emphasis>
Jeannel, 1954
</taxonomicName>
because the presence of a dorsal seta on the 5
<superScript id="7C499BF3BF3DFFACFB4440BF26D9FE1D" attach="left" box="[1196,1209,474,488]" fontSize="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">th</superScript>
elytral interval, in a more posterior position than the two setae of the 3
<superScript id="7C499BF3BF3DFFACFD21409B20B7FDF9" attach="left" box="[713,727,510,524]" fontSize="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">rd</superScript>
stria which is a very important character.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8336BBBF3DFFACFF2F434621B6FD70" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,681]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">This new genus is easily recognized by its stout head with well-developed frontal furrows, quadrate pronotum with well-marked hind angles, elytra with three dorsal pores, and, in particular, the male genital organ which is remarkably enlarged and elongated at base and strongly arcuate near base.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8336BBBF3DFFACFF2F43EA202FFD5C" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,681]" box="[199,591,655,681]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<emphasis id="B948EAA9BF3DFFACFF2F43EA237AFD5C" bold="true" box="[199,282,655,681]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Range.</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="F32B762BBF3DFFACFEC943EA2304FD5C" box="[289,356,655,681]" name="China" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">China</collectingCountry>
(
<collectingRegion id="49F8F859BF3DFFACFE9B43EA23DBFD5C" box="[371,443,655,681]" country="China" name="Hubei" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Hubei</collectingRegion>
) (
<figureCitation id="13072A3EBF3DFFACFE3943EA2021FD5C" box="[465,577,655,681]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[152,255,1900,1924]" captionTargetBox="[151,1432,955,1874]" captionTargetId="figure-296@3.[151,1436,955,1874]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Map indicating the locality caves of the new genera and species. a. Xianren Dong; b. Shisanya Dong; c. Da Dong, Tuoluo; d. Da Dong, Bali; e. Weixiao Tiankeng; f. Laba Dong; g. Gui Dong; h. Suolue Cave I; i. Xiannü Dong; j. Jiudu Cave I; k. Xiannü Dong; l. Yunxian Dong; m. Zhongguo Dong; n. Feixian Dong." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7642402" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7642402/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Figure 1n</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>