plazi/treatments-xml
2
0
Fork 0
Code Issues Pull requests Releases Activity
treatments-xml/data/5D/0E/87/5D0E87C1BD65FF86D78757F8C531FA37.xml
maintenance bf56734a20 added 5D
2024-06-21 12:37:44 +02:00

489 lines
77 KiB
XML
Raw Blame History

This file contains ambiguous Unicode characters

This file contains Unicode characters that might be confused with other characters. If you think that this is intentional, you can safely ignore this warning. Use the Escape button to reveal them.

<document id="17019AEF9F0506AFCABDB9272486B921" ID-DOI="10.1093/zoolinnean/zlad101" ID-ISSN="0024-4082" ID-Zenodo-Dep="11240631" ID-ZooBank="UMR7205CNRS-MNHN-EPHE-SUUA" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="jonas" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="jonas" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="jonas" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_approvedBy="jonas" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="jonas" IM.treatments_approvedBy="jonas" checkinTime="1716362654198" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Roux, Nadia Améziane Marc Eléaume Michel" docDate="2024" docId="5D0E87C1BD65FF86D78757F8C531FA37" docLanguage="en" docName="zlad101.pdf" docOrigin="Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society (Zool. J. Linn. Soc.) 200 (4)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlad101" docStyle="DocumentStyle:4F230B9370E98E256D973D6DFB57F36C.5:ZoolJLinnSoc.2023-.journal_article" docStyleId="4F230B9370E98E256D973D6DFB57F36C" docStyleName="ZoolJLinnSoc.2023-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="5" docTitle="Panglaocrinus isseliformis Roux 2024, gen. nov., sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="1" lastPageNumber="1000" masterDocId="A137FFB9BD61FF81D75D5777C02DFF90" masterDocTitle="Classification of Isocrinida (Echinodermata: Crinoidea) with the description of a new extant genus and species from the western Pacific" masterLastPageNumber="1012" masterPageNumber="994" pageNumber="998" updateTime="1716820463277" updateUser="jonas">
<mods:mods id="0C6AE0E0D3E622CF5A134F880164DFF2" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="DCF03F9BEB7DE9321A9A7A552B77FDB4">
<mods:title id="79B4FA35D55744FFCECD791381674431">Classification of Isocrinida (Echinodermata: Crinoidea) with the description of a new extant genus and species from the western Pacific</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="E7064410CA79454A229257E02794CBAC" type="personal">
<mods:role id="6C183A730335B299EB12CAC136AEA97E">
<mods:roleTerm id="A185FE189B0F42E118104A86C3590D88">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="61C1019292F4D0C42270B458B8B22454">Roux, Nadia Améziane Marc Eléaume Michel</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="19E39BA5EF351EF1B3120B19A0D3A3E7">text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem id="9C7DEEF9640A1CEBD43EE032FFB2D9AE" type="host">
<mods:titleInfo id="635D42D0E09056903F28578255E6C7FD">
<mods:title id="206CFA8D8D7434303E5DB06F3A446207">Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="990D744581E0F5052D26BC693A5C3D55">
<mods:date id="0AAD38AB8642DA60D31DB14D5B302014">2024</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="C2691104B9FDCDDEBA90547D24D2ABCC" type="series">
<mods:title id="24F9C9FFD63EE96F276A91A21CA30449">Zool. J. Linn. Soc.</mods:title>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="1F3EA4941560AC0E83B82E627373BAD9" type="pubDate">
<mods:number id="DB35B84A7BA95270EE17728175B7761F">2023-09-15</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="A018D4905B4FBF0915864A44FD8AC716" type="volume">
<mods:number id="F7F9C0FC73069920B5729EFABF4B5C1D">200</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="9023169FF38FCEECD406600DCAE74B0A" type="issue">
<mods:number id="CD064EC40DFC72E15BFEFD0205387BAB">4</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent id="B57E0DCB69B200A1CA99DF3EAE13543B" unit="page">
<mods:start id="ACB722F4064D724B7163C88240CDA9A0">994</mods:start>
<mods:end id="6D0330419AF7330D3AE7D96E1E659D82">1012</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:location id="D95F6FD579DEE837F89A698479A88498">
<mods:url id="8680966D5BBF3E3DFF7BC86EEEDD27A5">http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlad101</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification id="4FA064D63CD663514041768B09E5B214">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="E66A1484A1909D9B17186109BEDA6931" type="DOI">10.1093/zoolinnean/zlad101</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="10B66DA72ED0772CC63134058295D754" type="ISSN">0024-4082</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="31FDFF6A7EB64E28EDC4E37641A36E9D" type="Zenodo-Dep">11240631</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="D1AFA5318021B3DE5B3721EDED97C6FB" type="ZooBank">UMR7205CNRS-MNHN-EPHE-SUUA</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="5D0E87C1BD65FF86D78757F8C531FA37" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:5D0E87C1BD65FF86D78757F8C531FA37" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/5D0E87C1BD65FF86D78757F8C531FA37" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="1000" pageId="4" pageNumber="998">
<subSubSection id="9DBD655CBD65FF85D78757F8C2BFFF3A" box="[218,658,143,170]" pageId="4" pageNumber="998" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="D51836D7BD65FF85D78757F8C2BFFF3A" blockId="4.[218,658,143,170]" box="[218,658,143,170]" pageId="4" pageNumber="998">
<heading id="8E5081BBBD65FF85D78757F8C2BFFF3A" bold="true" box="[218,658,143,170]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="998" reason="2">
<emphasis id="E7D3EAC5BD65FF85D78757F8C2BFFF3A" bold="true" box="[218,658,143,170]" pageId="4" pageNumber="998">
<taxonomicName id="12A74D54BD65FF85D78757F8C1F6FF3A" ID-CoL="C4KDF" authority="Roux, 2024" authorityName="Roux" authorityYear="2024" box="[218,475,143,170]" class="Crinoidea" family="Balanocrinidae" genus="Panglaocrinus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isocrinida" pageId="4" pageNumber="998" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="isseliformis" status="gen. nov., sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="E7D3EAC5BD65FF85D78757F8C1F6FF3A" bold="true" box="[218,475,143,170]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="998">Panglaocrinus isseliformis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="FCE057BEBD65FF85D6BD57E7C2BFFF3A" box="[480,658,144,170]" pageId="4" pageNumber="998" rank="species">gen. nov., sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="9DBD655CBD65FF85D62357CBC1C3FF46" box="[382,494,188,214]" pageId="4" pageNumber="998" type="description">
<paragraph id="D51836D7BD65FF85D62357CBC1C3FF46" blockId="4.[382,494,188,214]" box="[382,494,188,214]" pageId="4" pageNumber="998">
<emphasis id="E7D3EAC5BD65FF85D62357CBC1C3FF46" bold="true" box="[382,494,188,214]" pageId="4" pageNumber="998">
(
<figureCitation id="4D9C2A52BD65FF85D6D457CBC1CFFF46" box="[393,482,188,214]" captionStart-0="Figure 2" captionStart-1="Figure 3" captionStart-2="Figure 4" captionStart-3="Figure 5" captionStart-4="Figure 6" captionStart-5="Figure 7" captionStart-6="Figure 8" captionStartId-0="4.[113,178,1926,1950]" captionStartId-1="5.[128,193,713,737]" captionStartId-2="6.[113,178,1288,1312]" captionStartId-3="7.[129,194,1201,1225]" captionStartId-4="8.[113,178,1179,1203]" captionStartId-5="9.[129,194,1249,1273]" captionStartId-6="10.[115,180,1221,1245]" captionTargetBox-0="[114,1458,1001,1899]" captionTargetBox-1="[321,1281,144,686]" captionTargetBox-2="[114,1458,157,1259]" captionTargetBox-3="[129,1473,144,1173]" captionTargetBox-4="[114,1458,144,1152]" captionTargetBox-5="[129,1473,144,1221]" captionTargetBox-6="[114,1458,144,1194]" captionTargetId-0="figure-348@4.[114,1458,1001,1899]" captionTargetId-1="figure-784@5.[321,1281,144,686]" captionTargetId-2="figure-364@6.[114,1458,157,1259]" captionTargetId-3="figure-397@7.[129,1473,144,1173]" captionTargetId-4="figure-428@8.[114,1458,144,1152]" captionTargetId-5="figure-382@9.[129,1473,144,1221]" captionTargetId-6="figure-296@10.[114,1458,144,1194]" captionTargetPageId-0="4" captionTargetPageId-1="5" captionTargetPageId-2="6" captionTargetPageId-3="7" captionTargetPageId-4="8" captionTargetPageId-5="9" captionTargetPageId-6="10" captionText-0="Figure 2. Crown morphology of Panglaocrinus isseliformis gen. nov., sp. nov.. A, general view (arrows: IIBrax); B, aboral cup and proximal arms (*arm trunk regenerating from IBrax upwards); C, inner view of crown (arrow: anal cone, C-ray removed)." captionText-1="Figure 3. Anal cone of Panglaocrinus isseliformis gen. nov., sp. nov.. Arrow: IIBr2 bearing the first pinnule.C-ray and right secundibrachitaxis of D-ray removed." captionText-2="Figure 4. Arm and stalk morphology of Panglaocrinus isseliformis gen. nov., sp. nov.. A, distal part of secundibrachitaxis with IIBr15ax. (arrow); B, distal part of proxistele with rudimentary cirrus beginning its growth in length; C, segment of distal stalk with the longest cirrus and maximum columnal height.N, nodal." captionText-3="Figure 5. Articulation facets of primibrachials of Panglaocrinus isseliformis gen. nov., sp. nov.. A, proximal–adoral view of IBr1 (muscular synarthry); B, distal-adoral view of IBr1 (synostosis, arrow: aboral ligament pit); C, D, distal muscular synarthries of IBr2ax, in distal and adoral view, respectively." captionText-4="Figure 6. Articulations of secundibrachials of Panglaocrinus isseliformis gen. nov., sp. nov.. A, B, adoral view showing the pinnule socket; A, proximal–adoral view of IIBr4; B, distal–adoral view of IIBr5; C, proximal view of IIBr4; D, distal view of IIBr1; E, F, proximal view of IIBr12 (il: inner ligament area, m: muscular area)." captionText-5="Figure 7. External morphology and articulations of pinnule of Panglaocrinus isseliformis gen.nov., sp.nov.. A, general view; B, adoral–side view (cp: cover plates, lp: lateral plate); C, proximal–adoral view of Pn1; D, proximal–adoral of Pn2; E, proximal view of Pn3; F, proximal–aboral view of Pn5." captionText-6="Figure 8. Distal stalk articulations of Panglaocrinus isseliformis gen.nov., sp. nov.. A, D, distal synostosial facet of nodal 7 (cryptosymplexy); B, distal–lateral view of the same nodal; C, proximal synostosial facet of infranodal following N7 (cryptosymplexy); E, F, symplexial facet of distal internodal." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11240637" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11240641" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11240643" figureDoi-3="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11240647" figureDoi-4="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11240651" figureDoi-5="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11240655" figureDoi-6="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11240657" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/11240637/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/11240641/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/11240643/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/11240647/files/figure.png" httpUri-4="https://zenodo.org/record/11240651/files/figure.png" httpUri-5="https://zenodo.org/record/11240655/files/figure.png" httpUri-6="https://zenodo.org/record/11240657/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="998">Figs 2–8</figureCitation>
)
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="9DBD655CBD65FF85D72C5784C1C3FEBA" pageId="4" pageNumber="998" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="D51836D7BD65FF85D72C5784C1C3FEBA" blockId="4.[113,762,243,299]" pageId="4" pageNumber="998">
<emphasis id="E7D3EAC5BD65FF85D72C5784C0CCFE9B" box="[113,225,243,267]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="998">Etymology:</emphasis>
Displaying morphological characters similar to those found in the extinct genus
<taxonomicName id="12A74D54BD65FF85D6225665C1C5FEBA" authorityName="Roverto" authorityYear="1914" box="[383,488,274,298]" class="Crinoidea" family="Isselicrinidae" genus="Isselicrinus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isocrinida" pageId="4" pageNumber="998" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="E7D3EAC5BD65FF85D6225665C1C5FEBA" box="[383,488,274,298]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="998">Isselicrinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="9DBD655CBD65FF85D72C563BC294FE71" pageId="4" pageNumber="998" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="D51836D7BD65FF85D72C563BC294FE71" blockId="4.[113,763,332,481]" pageId="4" pageNumber="998">
<emphasis id="E7D3EAC5BD65FF85D72C563BC111FEF4" box="[113,316,332,356]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="998">Material examined:</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="65CF3C8ABD65FF85D613563BC299FE71" collectingDate="2005-05-22" collectingDateMax="2005-06-01" collectingDateMin="2005-05-22" collectorName="P. Bouchet &amp; L. Labe &amp; P. K. L. Ng" elevation="2135" location="Deep Sea Cruise" pageId="4" pageNumber="998" specimenCode="MNHN-IE-2007-13" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
A single
<specimenCount id="C3A1FD5EBD65FF85D6E6563BC231FEF4" box="[443,540,332,356]" pageId="4" pageNumber="998" type="generic">specimen</specimenCount>
(catalogue number
<specimenCode id="85019EACBD65FF85D72C561CC165FE13" box="[113,328,363,387]" pageId="4" pageNumber="998">MNHN-IE-2007-13</specimenCode>
),
<location id="D078600CBD65FF85D603561CC23DFE13" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:5D0E87C1BD65FF86D78757F8C531FA37:D078600CBD65FF85D603561CC23DFE13" box="[350,528,363,387]" name="Deep Sea Cruise" pageId="4" pageNumber="998">Deep Sea Cruise</location>
PANGLAO 2005 (
<collectorName id="78525301BD65FF85D5BB561CC0E7FE32" pageId="4" pageNumber="998">P. Bouchet</collectorName>
,
<collectorName id="78525301BD65FF85D78956FCC10EFE32" box="[212,291,394,418]" pageId="4" pageNumber="998">L. Labe</collectorName>
, and
<collectorName id="78525301BD65FF85D60656FCC192FE33" box="[347,447,395,419]" pageId="4" pageNumber="998">P.K.L. Ng</collectorName>
chief scientists),
<date id="A1191017BD65FF85D52F56FDC2D7FE32" box="[626,762,394,419]" pageId="4" pageNumber="998" value="2005-05-22">
<collectingDate id="B15DE9FFBD65FF85D52F56FDC2D7FE32" box="[626,762,394,419]" pageId="4" pageNumber="998" value="2005-05-22">22 May 2005</collectingDate>
</date>
to
<date id="A1191017BD65FF85D7CD56DDC139FE51" box="[144,276,425,450]" pageId="4" pageNumber="998" value="2005-06-01">
<collectingDate id="B15DE9FFBD65FF85D7CD56DDC139FE51" box="[144,276,425,450]" pageId="4" pageNumber="998" value="2005-06-01">1 June 2005</collectingDate>
</date>
on board N/O DA-BFAR, Station CP 2386, depth range
<quantity id="125F9B32BD65FF85D7AD56BEC1ACFE70" box="[240,385,457,481]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.1345" metricValueMax="2.149" metricValueMin="2.12" pageId="4" pageNumber="998" unit="m" value="2134.5" valueMax="2149.0" valueMin="2120.0">
<elevation id="5E8AD1E4BD65FF85D7AD56BEC1ACFE70" box="[240,385,457,481]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.1345" metricValueMax="2.149" metricValueMin="2.12" pageId="4" pageNumber="998" unit="m" value="2134.5" valueMax="2149.0" valueMin="2120.0">2120–2149 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, 08°49ʹN–123°02ʹE (
<tableCitation id="9825036CBD65FF85D50356BEC285FE71" box="[606,680,457,481]" captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="4.[115,170,668,692]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Table 2. Specimens examined for the present study" pageId="4" pageNumber="998">Table 2</tableCitation>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="9DBD655CBD65FF85D72C5574C47DFD90" pageId="4" pageNumber="998" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="D51836D7BD65FF85D72C5574C47DFD90" blockId="4.[113,762,514,632]" lastBlockId="4.[810,1459,144,512]" pageId="4" pageNumber="998">
<emphasis id="E7D3EAC5BD65FF85D72C5574C0FAFD8A" box="[113,215,515,538]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="998">Diagnosis:</emphasis>
Isocrinid genus with IBr2ax, IIBr15-17ax, synostosis at IBr1 + 2, IIBr1 + 2, and occasionally at IIBr3 + 4, trace of previous axial synarthry on IBr1 + 2 synostosis, large and deep muscular areas and rectangular adoral ligament area along fulcral ridge in proximal muscular synarthries; short pinnules of 10–12 pinnulars, large and round cover plates alternating with small isolated lateral plates; tegmen with well-developed anal cone reaching height of IIBr3; stalk with columnals pentalobate proximally and rounded pentagonal distally, maximum number of internodals per noditaxis 21, internodals and nodals tending to equal height distally (H/D up to 0.8), nodals with two cirrus sockets on their distal edge, small cirri always oriented downwards (distally) and alternating along the stalk; infranodal cryptosymplexy; symplexies with open areolas, without inner crenularium and with five pairs of dense calcite patches at base of interpetaloid crenularium.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="9DBD655CBD65FF87D4775554C239FA2F" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="1000" pageId="4" pageNumber="998" type="description">
<paragraph id="D51836D7BD65FF84D4775554C2E9FC72" blockId="4.[810,1459,546,633]" lastBlockId="5.[129,778,813,1965]" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="999" pageId="4" pageNumber="998">
<emphasis id="E7D3EAC5BD65FF85D4775554C41AFDAA" box="[810,1079,546,570]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="998">
Description of the
<typeStatus id="0A1C8875BD65FF85D4805555C41FFDAA" box="[989,1074,546,570]" pageId="4" pageNumber="998" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
:
</emphasis>
Small specimen with maximum arm length
<quantity id="125F9B32BD65FF85D42F5536C391FDC9" box="[882,956,577,601]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.8" pageId="4" pageNumber="998" unit="mm" value="38.0">38 mm</quantity>
(all distal arms broken), proximal stalk diameter
<quantity id="125F9B32BD65FF85D4775516C354FDE8" box="[810,889,609,633]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.3" pageId="4" pageNumber="998" unit="mm" value="2.3">2.3 mm</quantity>
and preserved stalk length
<quantity id="125F9B32BD65FF85D3C85517C4F3FDE8" box="[1173,1246,608,632]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.9" pageId="4" pageNumber="998" unit="mm" value="69.0">69 mm</quantity>
(
<figureCitation id="4D9C2A52BD65FF85D3AD5517C504FDE9" box="[1264,1321,608,633]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="4.[113,178,1926,1950]" captionTargetBox="[114,1458,1001,1899]" captionTargetId="figure-348@4.[114,1458,1001,1899]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figure 2. Crown morphology of Panglaocrinus isseliformis gen. nov., sp. nov.. A, general view (arrows: IIBrax); B, aboral cup and proximal arms (*arm trunk regenerating from IBrax upwards); C, inner view of crown (arrow: anal cone, C-ray removed)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11240637" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11240637/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="998">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
). Aboral cup with radial ring shaped as an inverted cone, cup diameter at top of radial ring
<quantity id="125F9B32BD64FF84D7B6543AC117FCF4" box="[235,314,845,869]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.4" pageId="5" pageNumber="999" unit="mm" value="5.4">5.4 mm</quantity>
, cup height
<quantity id="125F9B32BD64FF84D6EF543AC22CFCF4" box="[434,513,845,869]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.6" pageId="5" pageNumber="999" unit="mm" value="3.6">3.6 mm</quantity>
, radials substantially taller than basals (ratio of radial to basal height 3.1), basals pentagonal and in contact laterally, each radial regularly convex. Tegmen poorly preserved with well-developed anal cone attaining IIBr3 and having sub-lozenge to oval imbricated plates (
<figureCitation id="4D9C2A52BD64FF84D52154BDC299FC72" box="[636,692,970,994]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="5.[128,193,713,737]" captionTargetBox="[321,1281,144,686]" captionTargetId="figure-784@5.[321,1281,144,686]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 3. Anal cone of Panglaocrinus isseliformis gen. nov., sp. nov.. Arrow: IIBr2 bearing the first pinnule.C-ray and right secundibrachitaxis of D-ray removed." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11240641" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11240641/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="999">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="81D8665FBD65FF85D72E55EBC279FD23" box="[115,596,667,692]" pageId="4" pageNumber="998" startId="4.[115,170,668,692]" targetBox="[113,1459,714,915]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="4" targetType="table">
<paragraph id="D51836D7BD65FF85D72E55EBC279FD23" blockId="4.[115,596,667,692]" box="[115,596,667,692]" pageId="4" pageNumber="998">
<emphasis id="E7D3EAC5BD65FF85D72E55EBC0ECFD23" bold="true" box="[115,193,667,692]" pageId="4" pageNumber="998">Table 2.</emphasis>
Specimens examined for the present study
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="D51836D7BD65FF85D72C55BDC5B2FC18" pageId="4" pageNumber="998">
<table id="A7A7C477BD65007ED72C55BDC59EFC03" box="[113,1459,714,915]" gridcols="8" gridrows="4" pageId="4" pageNumber="998">
<tr id="6B973495BD65007ED72C55BDC59EFD6F" box="[113,1459,714,767]" gridrow="0" pageId="4" pageNumber="998">
<th id="28465DE9BD65007ED72C55BDC1D3FD6F" box="[113,510,714,767]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="4" pageNumber="998">
<emphasis id="E7D3EAC5BD65FF85D72C55BDC09DFD72" bold="true" box="[113,176,714,738]" pageId="4" pageNumber="998">Taxon</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="28465DE9BD65007ED55355BDC25EFD6F" box="[526,627,714,767]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="4" pageNumber="998">
<emphasis id="E7D3EAC5BD65FF85D55355BDC25EFD6F" bold="true" box="[526,627,714,767]" pageId="4" pageNumber="998">Museum collection</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="28465DE9BD65007ED5D855BDC37EFD6F" box="[645,851,714,767]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="4" pageNumber="998">
<emphasis id="E7D3EAC5BD65FF85D5D855BDC294FD72" bold="true" box="[645,697,714,738]" pageId="4" pageNumber="998">Cat #</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="28465DE9BD65007ED43955BDC3C5FD6F" box="[868,1000,714,767]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="4" pageNumber="998">
<emphasis id="E7D3EAC5BD65FF85D43955BDC385FD72" bold="true" box="[868,936,714,738]" pageId="4" pageNumber="998">Cruise</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="28465DE9BD65007ED4A455BDC465FD6F" box="[1017,1096,714,767]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="4" pageNumber="998">
<emphasis id="E7D3EAC5BD65FF85D4A455BDC46FFD72" bold="true" box="[1017,1090,714,738]" pageId="4" pageNumber="998">Station</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="28465DE9BD65007ED30555BDC499FD6F" box="[1112,1204,714,767]" gridcol="5" gridrow="0" pageId="4" pageNumber="998">
<emphasis id="E7D3EAC5BD65FF85D30555BDC482FD72" bold="true" box="[1112,1199,714,738]" pageId="4" pageNumber="998">Latitude</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="28465DE9BD65007ED39655BDC518FD6F" box="[1227,1333,714,767]" gridcol="6" gridrow="0" pageId="4" pageNumber="998">
<emphasis id="E7D3EAC5BD65FF85D39655BDC518FD72" bold="true" box="[1227,1333,714,738]" pageId="4" pageNumber="998">Longitude</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="28465DE9BD65007ED21B55BDC59EFD6F" box="[1350,1459,714,767]" gridcol="7" gridrow="0" pageId="4" pageNumber="998">
<emphasis id="E7D3EAC5BD65FF85D21B55BDC59CFD72" bold="true" box="[1350,1457,714,738]" pageId="4" pageNumber="998">Depth (m)</emphasis>
</th>
</tr>
<tr id="6B973495BD65007ED72C5460C59EFCAA" box="[113,1459,791,826]" gridrow="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="998">
<th id="28465DE9BD65007ED72C5460C1D3FCAA" box="[113,510,791,826]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="998">
<taxonomicName id="12A74D54BD65FF85D72C5460C17BFCBF" authority="Roux, 2024" authorityName="Roux" authorityYear="2024" box="[113,342,791,815]" class="Crinoidea" family="Balanocrinidae" genus="Panglaocrinus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isocrinida" pageId="4" pageNumber="998" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="isseliformis" status="gen. nov., sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="E7D3EAC5BD65FF85D72C5460C17BFCBF" box="[113,342,791,815]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="998">Panglaocrinus isseliformis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="FCE057BEBD65FF85D606546FC1D3FCBF" box="[347,510,792,816]" pageId="4" pageNumber="998" rank="species">gen. nov., sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</th>
<td id="28465DE9BD65007ED5535460C25EFCAA" box="[526,627,791,826]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="998">MNHN</td>
<td id="28465DE9BD65007ED5D85460C37EFCAA" box="[645,851,791,826]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="998">MNHN-IE-2007-13</td>
<td id="28465DE9BD65007ED4395460C3C5FCAA" box="[868,1000,791,826]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="998">PANGLAO</td>
<td id="28465DE9BD65007ED4A45460C465FCAA" box="[1017,1096,791,826]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="998">CP2386</td>
<td id="28465DE9BD65007ED3055460C499FCAA" box="[1112,1204,791,826]" gridcol="5" gridrow="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="998">08°49ʹN</td>
<td id="28465DE9BD65007ED3965460C518FCAA" box="[1227,1333,791,826]" gridcol="6" gridrow="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="998">123°02ʹE</td>
<td id="28465DE9BD65007ED21B5460C59EFCAA" box="[1350,1459,791,826]" gridcol="7" gridrow="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="998">2120–2149</td>
</tr>
<tr id="6B973495BD65007ED72C5433C59EFCF6" box="[113,1459,836,870]" gridrow="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="998">
<th id="28465DE9BD65007ED72C5433C1D3FCF6" box="[113,510,836,870]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="998">
<taxonomicName id="12A74D54BD65FF85D72C5433C1AFFCCC" authority="MNHN" authorityName="MNHN" box="[113,386,836,860]" class="Crinoidea" family="Isselicrinidae" genus="Endoxocrinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isocrinida" pageId="4" pageNumber="998" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="wyvillethomsoni">
<emphasis id="E7D3EAC5BD65FF85D72C5433C1AFFCCC" box="[113,386,836,860]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="998">Endoxocrinus wyvillethomsoni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<td id="28465DE9BD65007ED5535433C25EFCF6" box="[526,627,836,870]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="998">MNHN</td>
<td id="28465DE9BD65007ED5D85433C37EFCF6" box="[645,851,836,870]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="998">MNHN-IE-2020-709</td>
<td id="28465DE9BD65007ED4395433C3C5FCF6" box="[868,1000,836,870]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="998">Thalassa 1972</td>
<td id="28465DE9BD65007ED4A45433C465FCF6" box="[1017,1096,836,870]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="998">Z452</td>
<td id="28465DE9BD65007ED3055433C499FCF6" box="[1112,1204,836,870]" gridcol="5" gridrow="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="998">48°41ʹ5N</td>
<td id="28465DE9BD65007ED3965433C518FCF6" box="[1227,1333,836,870]" gridcol="6" gridrow="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="998">10°53ʹ0W</td>
<td id="28465DE9BD65007ED21B5433C59EFCF6" box="[1350,1459,836,870]" gridcol="7" gridrow="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="998">1420–1470</td>
</tr>
<tr id="6B973495BD65007ED72C5407C59EFC03" box="[113,1459,880,915]" gridrow="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="998">
<th id="28465DE9BD65007ED72C5407C1D3FC03" box="[113,510,880,915]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="998">
<taxonomicName id="12A74D54BD65FF85D72F5406C0DBFC18" box="[114,246,881,904]" class="Crinoidea" family="Isselicrinidae" genus="Metacrinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isocrinida" pageId="4" pageNumber="998" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="E7D3EAC5BD65FF85D72F5406C0FAFC18" box="[114,215,881,904]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="998">Metacrinus</emphasis>
sp.
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<td id="28465DE9BD65007ED5535407C25EFC03" box="[526,627,880,915]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="998">MNHN</td>
<td id="28465DE9BD65007ED5D85407C37EFC03" box="[645,851,880,915]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="998">MNHN-IE-2020-710</td>
<td id="28465DE9BD65007ED4395407C3C5FC03" box="[868,1000,880,915]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="998">Kanadeep</td>
<td id="28465DE9BD65007ED4A45407C465FC03" box="[1017,1096,880,915]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="998">CP5022</td>
<td id="28465DE9BD65007ED3055407C499FC03" box="[1112,1204,880,915]" gridcol="5" gridrow="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="998">20°23ʹS</td>
<td id="28465DE9BD65007ED3965407C518FC03" box="[1227,1333,880,915]" gridcol="6" gridrow="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="998">158°42ʹE</td>
<td id="28465DE9BD65007ED21B5407C59EFC03" box="[1350,1459,880,915]" gridcol="7" gridrow="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="998">370 - 380</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<caption id="81D8665FBD65FF85D72C50F1C476F82B" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11240637" ID-Zenodo-Dep="11240637" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11240637/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="998" startId="4.[113,178,1926,1950]" targetBox="[114,1458,1001,1899]" targetPageId="4" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="D51836D7BD65FF85D72C50F1C476F82B" blockId="4.[113,1447,1926,1979]" pageId="4" pageNumber="998">
<emphasis id="E7D3EAC5BD65FF85D72C50F1C0E4F80F" bold="true" box="[113,201,1926,1951]" pageId="4" pageNumber="998">Figure 2.</emphasis>
Crown morphology of
<taxonomicName id="12A74D54BD65FF85D6F550F0C2A0F80F" authority="Roux, 2024" authorityName="Roux" authorityYear="2024" box="[424,653,1927,1951]" class="Crinoidea" family="Balanocrinidae" genus="Panglaocrinus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isocrinida" pageId="4" pageNumber="998" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="isseliformis" status="gen. nov., sp. nov">
<emphasis id="E7D3EAC5BD65FF85D6F550F0C2A0F80F" box="[424,653,1927,1951]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="998">Panglaocrinus isseliformis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="FCE057BEBD65FF85D5CC50F0C302F80E" box="[657,815,1927,1951]" pageId="4" pageNumber="998" rank="species">gen. nov., sp. nov</taxonomicNameLabel>
.. A, general view (arrows: IIBrax); B, aboral cup and proximal arms (*arm trunk regenerating from IBrax upwards); C, inner view of crown (arrow: anal cone, C-ray removed).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="81D8665FBD64FF84D7DD55BEC138FD6E" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11240641" ID-Zenodo-Dep="11240641" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11240641/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="999" startId="5.[128,193,713,737]" targetBox="[321,1281,144,686]" targetPageId="5" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="D51836D7BD64FF84D7DD55BEC138FD6E" blockId="5.[128,1462,713,766]" pageId="5" pageNumber="999">
<emphasis id="E7D3EAC5BD64FF84D7DD55BEC0F5FD71" bold="true" box="[128,216,713,737]" pageId="5" pageNumber="999">Figure 3.</emphasis>
Anal cone of
<taxonomicName id="12A74D54BD64FF84D60555BDC210FD72" authority="Roux, 2024" authorityName="Roux" authorityYear="2024" box="[344,573,714,738]" class="Crinoidea" family="Balanocrinidae" genus="Panglaocrinus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isocrinida" pageId="5" pageNumber="999" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="isseliformis" status="gen. nov., sp. nov">
<emphasis id="E7D3EAC5BD64FF84D60555BDC210FD72" box="[344,573,714,738]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="999">Panglaocrinus isseliformis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="FCE057BEBD64FF84D51F55BDC2CDFD71" box="[578,736,714,738]" pageId="5" pageNumber="999" rank="species">gen. nov., sp. nov</taxonomicNameLabel>
.. Arrow: IIBr2 bearing the first pinnule. C-ray and right secundibrachitaxis of D-ray removed.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="D51836D7BD64FF84D7C1549EC51DFC33" blockId="5.[129,778,813,1965]" lastBlockId="5.[825,1475,813,1965]" pageId="5" pageNumber="999">
All arms with primibrachitaxes of two brachials (IBr1 + 2ax), second axillary at IIBr15 (4 cases) (
<figureCitation id="4D9C2A52BD64FF84D555537EC27BFBB1" box="[520,598,1033,1057]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="4.[113,178,1926,1950]" captionTargetBox="[114,1458,1001,1899]" captionTargetId="figure-348@4.[114,1458,1001,1899]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figure 2. Crown morphology of Panglaocrinus isseliformis gen. nov., sp. nov.. A, general view (arrows: IIBrax); B, aboral cup and proximal arms (*arm trunk regenerating from IBrax upwards); C, inner view of crown (arrow: anal cone, C-ray removed)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11240637" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11240637/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="999">Fig. 2A</figureCitation>
) or IIBr17 (one case), arm broken at IIBr16 (one case), other arms broken before IIBr7. Proximal pattern of secondibrachitaxes IIBr1 + 2 (synostosis) with first pinnule on IIBr2, occasionally second synostosis at IIBr3 + 4 (two cases for seven arms broken beyond IIBr4); tertibrachitaxes without proximal synostosis (
<figureCitation id="4D9C2A52BD64FF84D5BE53D2C0B3FB4D" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="6.[113,178,1288,1312]" captionTargetBox="[114,1458,157,1259]" captionTargetId="figure-364@6.[114,1458,157,1259]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 4. Arm and stalk morphology of Panglaocrinus isseliformis gen. nov., sp. nov.. A, distal part of secundibrachitaxis with IIBr15ax. (arrow); B, distal part of proxistele with rudimentary cirrus beginning its growth in length; C, segment of distal stalk with the longest cirrus and maximum columnal height.N, nodal." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11240643" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11240643/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="999">Fig. 4A</figureCitation>
). One arm not completely regenerated (from autotomy at IBr1 + 2) and smaller than the others (
<figureCitation id="4D9C2A52BD64FF84D5685393C2AFFB6C" box="[565,642,1252,1276]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="4.[113,178,1926,1950]" captionTargetBox="[114,1458,1001,1899]" captionTargetId="figure-348@4.[114,1458,1001,1899]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figure 2. Crown morphology of Panglaocrinus isseliformis gen. nov., sp. nov.. A, general view (arrows: IIBrax); B, aboral cup and proximal arms (*arm trunk regenerating from IBrax upwards); C, inner view of crown (arrow: anal cone, C-ray removed)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11240637" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11240637/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="999">Fig. 2B</figureCitation>
). Maximum width of IBr2ax
<quantity id="125F9B32BD64FF84D66E5274C1A5FA8B" box="[307,392,1283,1307]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.6" pageId="5" pageNumber="999" unit="mm" value="3.6">3.6 mm</quantity>
, height of primibrachitaxis 4.0 mm, ratio maximum width to height of primibrachitaxis 0.89. Muscular synarthries of primibrachials well developed with deep and large muscular areas (
<figureCitation id="4D9C2A52BD64FF84D6925216C271FAE9" box="[463,604,1377,1401]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="7.[129,194,1201,1225]" captionTargetBox="[129,1473,144,1173]" captionTargetId="figure-397@7.[129,1473,144,1173]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figure 5. Articulation facets of primibrachials of Panglaocrinus isseliformis gen. nov., sp. nov.. A, proximal–adoral view of IBr1 (muscular synarthry); B, distal-adoral view of IBr1 (synostosis, arrow: aboral ligament pit); C, D, distal muscular synarthries of IBr2ax, in distal and adoral view, respectively." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11240647" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11240647/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="999">Fig. 5A, C, D</figureCitation>
), articulation of IBr on radial also displaying wide sub-rectangular areas corresponding to the inner ligamentary area (
<figureCitation id="4D9C2A52BD64FF84D51C52D7C2A3FA28" box="[577,654,1440,1464]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="7.[129,194,1201,1225]" captionTargetBox="[129,1473,144,1173]" captionTargetId="figure-397@7.[129,1473,144,1173]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figure 5. Articulation facets of primibrachials of Panglaocrinus isseliformis gen. nov., sp. nov.. A, proximal–adoral view of IBr1 (muscular synarthry); B, distal-adoral view of IBr1 (synostosis, arrow: aboral ligament pit); C, D, distal muscular synarthries of IBr2ax, in distal and adoral view, respectively." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11240647" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11240647/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="999">Fig. 5A</figureCitation>
). Markedly concave synostosis at IBr1 + 2 with traces of axial synarthry and small aboral pit of earlier ontogenetic stage (
<figureCitation id="4D9C2A52BD64FF84D5F652A8C2D5FA66" box="[683,760,1502,1527]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="7.[129,194,1201,1225]" captionTargetBox="[129,1473,144,1173]" captionTargetId="figure-397@7.[129,1473,144,1173]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figure 5. Articulation facets of primibrachials of Panglaocrinus isseliformis gen. nov., sp. nov.. A, proximal–adoral view of IBr1 (muscular synarthry); B, distal-adoral view of IBr1 (synostosis, arrow: aboral ligament pit); C, D, distal muscular synarthries of IBr2ax, in distal and adoral view, respectively." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11240647" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11240647/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="999">Fig. 5B</figureCitation>
). Synostosis at IIBr1 + 2 differing in having a thicker synostosial stereom developed along its external border and around the axial canal (
<figureCitation id="4D9C2A52BD64FF84D658514BC178F9C4" box="[261,341,1596,1620]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="8.[113,178,1179,1203]" captionTargetBox="[114,1458,144,1152]" captionTargetId="figure-428@8.[114,1458,144,1152]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figure 6. Articulations of secundibrachials of Panglaocrinus isseliformis gen. nov., sp. nov.. A, B, adoral view showing the pinnule socket; A, proximal–adoral view of IIBr4; B, distal–adoral view of IIBr5; C, proximal view of IIBr4; D, distal view of IIBr1; E, F, proximal view of IIBr12 (il: inner ligament area, m: muscular area)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11240651" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11240651/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="999">Fig. 6D</figureCitation>
). Flat synostosis occasionally present at IIBr3 + 4. Proximal facet of IIBr4 corresponding to a moderately asymmetrical sub-circular muscular synarthry with adjacent muscular and inner ligamentary areas of nearly the same size (
<figureCitation id="4D9C2A52BD64FF84D7E451CDC111F941" box="[185,316,1722,1746]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="8.[113,178,1179,1203]" captionTargetBox="[114,1458,144,1152]" captionTargetId="figure-428@8.[114,1458,144,1152]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figure 6. Articulations of secundibrachials of Panglaocrinus isseliformis gen. nov., sp. nov.. A, B, adoral view showing the pinnule socket; A, proximal–adoral view of IIBr4; B, distal–adoral view of IIBr5; C, proximal view of IIBr4; D, distal view of IIBr1; E, F, proximal view of IIBr12 (il: inner ligament area, m: muscular area)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11240651" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11240651/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="999">Fig. 6C, E, F</figureCitation>
). Pinnule socket relatively large and located on the upper (distal) half, deforming distal brachial facet (
<figureCitation id="4D9C2A52BD64FF84D5BE51AEC095F880" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="8.[113,178,1179,1203]" captionTargetBox="[114,1458,144,1152]" captionTargetId="figure-428@8.[114,1458,144,1152]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figure 6. Articulations of secundibrachials of Panglaocrinus isseliformis gen. nov., sp. nov.. A, B, adoral view showing the pinnule socket; A, proximal–adoral view of IIBr4; B, distal–adoral view of IIBr5; C, proximal view of IIBr4; D, distal view of IIBr1; E, F, proximal view of IIBr12 (il: inner ligament area, m: muscular area)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11240651" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11240651/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="999">Fig. 6A, B</figureCitation>
). Pinnule articulated on brachial by an asymmetrical muscular synarthry with a deep muscular fossa on brachial corresponding to the single muscular area developed on P1 proximal facet (
<figureCitation id="4D9C2A52BD64FF84D7955021C134F8FF" box="[200,281,1878,1903]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="9.[129,194,1249,1273]" captionTargetBox="[129,1473,144,1221]" captionTargetId="figure-382@9.[129,1473,144,1221]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figure 7. External morphology and articulations of pinnule of Panglaocrinus isseliformis gen.nov., sp.nov.. A, general view; B, adoral–side view (cp: cover plates, lp: lateral plate); C, proximal–adoral view of Pn1; D, proximal–adoral of Pn2; E, proximal view of Pn3; F, proximal–aboral view of Pn5." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11240655" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11240655/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="999">Fig. 7C</figureCitation>
). P1-2 muscular synarthry symmetrical (
<figureCitation id="4D9C2A52BD64FF84D5BE5021C08DF81D" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="9.[129,194,1249,1273]" captionTargetBox="[129,1473,144,1221]" captionTargetId="figure-382@9.[129,1473,144,1221]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figure 7. External morphology and articulations of pinnule of Panglaocrinus isseliformis gen.nov., sp.nov.. A, general view; B, adoral–side view (cp: cover plates, lp: lateral plate); C, proximal–adoral view of Pn1; D, proximal–adoral of Pn2; E, proximal view of Pn3; F, proximal–aboral view of Pn5." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11240655" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11240655/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="999">Fig. 7D</figureCitation>
). Other pinnular synarthries becoming asymmetrical distally with marked fulcral ridge and small muscular areas (
<figureCitation id="4D9C2A52BD64FF84D5BE50E2C342FCD5" box="[739,879,814,1965]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="9.[129,194,1249,1273]" captionTargetBox="[129,1473,144,1221]" captionTargetId="figure-382@9.[129,1473,144,1221]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figure 7. External morphology and articulations of pinnule of Panglaocrinus isseliformis gen.nov., sp.nov.. A, general view; B, adoral–side view (cp: cover plates, lp: lateral plate); C, proximal–adoral view of Pn1; D, proximal–adoral of Pn2; E, proximal view of Pn3; F, proximal–aboral view of Pn5." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11240655" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11240655/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="999">Fig. 7E, F</figureCitation>
). Large and round, more or less oval, cover plates with radiating stereom arrangement, alternating with small isolated triangular lateral plates (
<figureCitation id="4D9C2A52BD64FF84D340541BC448FC13" box="[1053,1125,876,900]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="9.[129,194,1249,1273]" captionTargetBox="[129,1473,144,1221]" captionTargetId="figure-382@9.[129,1473,144,1221]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figure 7. External morphology and articulations of pinnule of Panglaocrinus isseliformis gen.nov., sp.nov.. A, general view; B, adoral–side view (cp: cover plates, lp: lateral plate); C, proximal–adoral view of Pn1; D, proximal–adoral of Pn2; E, proximal view of Pn3; F, proximal–aboral view of Pn5." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11240655" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11240655/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="999">Fig. 7B</figureCitation>
). Pinnules short (
<figureCitation id="4D9C2A52BD64FF84D27F541BC541FC14" box="[1314,1388,876,900]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="9.[129,194,1249,1273]" captionTargetBox="[129,1473,144,1221]" captionTargetId="figure-382@9.[129,1473,144,1221]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figure 7. External morphology and articulations of pinnule of Panglaocrinus isseliformis gen.nov., sp.nov.. A, general view; B, adoral–side view (cp: cover plates, lp: lateral plate); C, proximal–adoral view of Pn1; D, proximal–adoral of Pn2; E, proximal view of Pn3; F, proximal–aboral view of Pn5." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11240655" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11240655/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="999">Fig. 7A</figureCitation>
) having maximum length of
<quantity id="125F9B32BD64FF84D35454FCC475FC33" box="[1033,1112,907,931]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.1" pageId="5" pageNumber="999" unit="mm" value="8.1">8.1 mm</quantity>
for 10–12 pinnulars.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D51836D7BD64FF87D40854DDC239FA2F" blockId="5.[825,1475,813,1965]" lastBlockId="6.[113,762,1416,1471]" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="1000" pageId="5" pageNumber="999">
Stalk pentalobate in cross-section proximally and rounded pentagonal distally. Stalk diameter (D) decreasing from
<quantity id="125F9B32BD64FF84D22954BDC5EFFC71" box="[1396,1474,970,994]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.3" pageId="5" pageNumber="999" unit="mm" value="2.3">2.3 mm</quantity>
proximally to
<quantity id="125F9B32BD64FF84D494549EC435FB91" box="[969,1048,1001,1025]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8" pageId="5" pageNumber="999" unit="mm" value="1.8">1.8 mm</quantity>
at
<quantity id="125F9B32BD64FF84D365549EC4B9FB91" box="[1080,1172,1001,1025]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.38" pageId="5" pageNumber="999" unit="mm" value="13.8">13.8 mm</quantity>
away from the proximalmost columnal articulation; distalmost diameter
<quantity id="125F9B32BD64FF84D244537FC55EFBB0" box="[1305,1395,1032,1056]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9" pageId="5" pageNumber="999" unit="mm" value="1.9">1.9 mm</quantity>
. Seven nodals (N) are identified before the broken end, with number of internodals per noditaxis varying from aboral cup as follows (N: nodal): 17,
<geoCoordinate id="B0935010BD64FF84D34D5311C475FBEE" box="[1040,1112,1126,1150]" degrees="1, 13" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="999" precision="555" value="1.13">N1, 13</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="B0935010BD64FF84D33F5311C484FBEE" box="[1122,1193,1126,1150]" degrees="2, 21" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="999" precision="555" value="2.21">N2, 21</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="B0935010BD64FF84D3EE5311C4D6FBEE" box="[1203,1275,1126,1150]" degrees="3, 10" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="999" precision="555" value="3.1">N3, 10</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="B0935010BD64FF84D2585311C512FBEE" box="[1285,1343,1126,1150]" degrees="4, 8" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="999" precision="5555" value="4.8">N4, 8</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="B0935010BD64FF84D2175311C5BCFBEE" box="[1354,1425,1126,1150]" degrees="5, 15" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="999" precision="555" value="5.15">N5, 15</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="B0935010BD64FF84D2C65311C379FB0E" degrees="6, 15" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="999" precision="555" value="6.15">N6, 15</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="B0935010BD64FF84D43D53F1C3B0FB0E" box="[864,925,1158,1182]" degrees="7, 2" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="999" precision="5555" value="7.2">N7, 2</geoCoordinate>
, broken distal end. Two proximal noditaxes (flexible proxistele) displaying numerous conspicuous inter-articular pores and corresponding to main growth zone of the stalk in which new columnals appear and rapidly increase in height (H). Maximum number of 21 internodals displayed in the third noditaxis (length 7.0 mm, ratio H/D
<quantity id="125F9B32BD64FF84D3995255C521FAAA" box="[1220,1292,1314,1338]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0668" pageId="5" pageNumber="999" unit="in" value="0.42">0.42 in</quantity>
N3 and&gt;
<quantity id="125F9B32BD64FF84D2245255C5EFFAAA" box="[1401,1474,1314,1338]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.652" pageId="5" pageNumber="999" unit="in" value="0.38">0.38 in</quantity>
internodals). Distally, number of internodals varying from 8 to 15, columnal height increasing, internodals and nodals tending to be equal in height, and H/D ratio to be nearly 0.8 (
<figureCitation id="4D9C2A52BD64FF84D23A52F7C59CFA08" box="[1383,1457,1408,1432]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="6.[113,178,1288,1312]" captionTargetBox="[114,1458,157,1259]" captionTargetId="figure-364@6.[114,1458,157,1259]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 4. Arm and stalk morphology of Panglaocrinus isseliformis gen. nov., sp. nov.. A, distal part of secundibrachitaxis with IIBr15ax. (arrow); B, distal part of proxistele with rudimentary cirrus beginning its growth in length; C, segment of distal stalk with the longest cirrus and maximum columnal height.N, nodal." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11240643" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11240643/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="999">Fig. 4C</figureCitation>
). Inter-articular pores remaining widely open up to broken stalk end. Each nodal with two cirri, socket position alternating regarding pentamerous symmetry along the stalk. On N1 and N2 cirri small, restricted to a rudimentary bud; their growth directed towards the distal part of stalk, as seen distinctly on N3 (
<figureCitation id="4D9C2A52BD64FF84D237516AC582F9A5" box="[1386,1455,1565,1589]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="6.[113,178,1288,1312]" captionTargetBox="[114,1458,157,1259]" captionTargetId="figure-364@6.[114,1458,157,1259]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 4. Arm and stalk morphology of Panglaocrinus isseliformis gen. nov., sp. nov.. A, distal part of secundibrachitaxis with IIBr15ax. (arrow); B, distal part of proxistele with rudimentary cirrus beginning its growth in length; C, segment of distal stalk with the longest cirrus and maximum columnal height.N, nodal." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11240643" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11240643/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="999">Fig. 4B</figureCitation>
); length progressively increasing up to
<quantity id="125F9B32BD64FF84D3E1514BC521F9C4" box="[1212,1292,1596,1620]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.1" pageId="5" pageNumber="999" unit="mm" value="5.1">5.1 mm</quantity>
on N6 with nine cirrals (
<figureCitation id="4D9C2A52BD64FF84D4D7512CC3FBF9E4" box="[906,982,1627,1652]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="6.[113,178,1288,1312]" captionTargetBox="[114,1458,157,1259]" captionTargetId="figure-364@6.[114,1458,157,1259]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 4. Arm and stalk morphology of Panglaocrinus isseliformis gen. nov., sp. nov.. A, distal part of secundibrachitaxis with IIBr15ax. (arrow); B, distal part of proxistele with rudimentary cirrus beginning its growth in length; C, segment of distal stalk with the longest cirrus and maximum columnal height.N, nodal." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11240643" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11240643/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="999">Fig. 4C</figureCitation>
). Cirrus sockets located near the distal margin of nodals. Middle and distal stalk appearing relatively rigid and all columnal articulations nearly flat (
<figureCitation id="4D9C2A52BD64FF84D3E551EDC4DCF922" box="[1208,1265,1690,1714]" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="10.[115,180,1221,1245]" captionTargetBox="[114,1458,144,1194]" captionTargetId="figure-296@10.[114,1458,144,1194]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 8. Distal stalk articulations of Panglaocrinus isseliformis gen.nov., sp. nov.. A, D, distal synostosial facet of nodal 7 (cryptosymplexy); B, distal–lateral view of the same nodal; C, proximal synostosial facet of infranodal following N7 (cryptosymplexy); E, F, symplexial facet of distal internodal." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11240657" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11240657/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="999">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
). Articular facets always with conspicuous interpetaloid grooves corresponding to widely open inter-articular pores on external stalk surface. One pair of dense calcite patches present at the inner end of each groove. Nodal cryptosymplexy with facets entirely covered by synostosial stereom (secondary synostosis) without trace of syzygial stereom (
<figureCitation id="4D9C2A52BD64FF84D4A35021C47DF8FE" box="[1022,1104,1878,1902]" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="10.[115,180,1221,1245]" captionTargetBox="[114,1458,144,1194]" captionTargetId="figure-296@10.[114,1458,144,1194]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 8. Distal stalk articulations of Panglaocrinus isseliformis gen.nov., sp. nov.. A, D, distal synostosial facet of nodal 7 (cryptosymplexy); B, distal–lateral view of the same nodal; C, proximal synostosial facet of infranodal following N7 (cryptosymplexy); E, F, symplexial facet of distal internodal." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11240657" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11240657/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="999">Fig. 8D</figureCitation>
). Symplexies between internodals (
<figureCitation id="4D9C2A52BD64FF84D4195002C38EF81D" box="[836,931,1909,1934]" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="10.[115,180,1221,1245]" captionTargetBox="[114,1458,144,1194]" captionTargetId="figure-296@10.[114,1458,144,1194]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 8. Distal stalk articulations of Panglaocrinus isseliformis gen.nov., sp. nov.. A, D, distal synostosial facet of nodal 7 (cryptosymplexy); B, distal–lateral view of the same nodal; C, proximal synostosial facet of infranodal following N7 (cryptosymplexy); E, F, symplexial facet of distal internodal." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11240657" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11240657/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="999">Fig. 8E, F</figureCitation>
) displaying a crenularium of low relief with up to four crenulae per petaloid zone, each petaloid zone without marginal crenulae (open areola); galleried stereom having meshes significantly larger in inner than in outer areola.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="81D8665FBD67FF87D72C527FC1FFFAC8" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11240643" ID-Zenodo-Dep="11240643" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11240643/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="1000" startId="6.[113,178,1288,1312]" targetBox="[114,1458,157,1259]" targetPageId="6" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="D51836D7BD67FF87D72C527FC1FFFAC8" blockId="6.[113,1449,1288,1368]" pageId="6" pageNumber="1000">
<emphasis id="E7D3EAC5BD67FF87D72C527FC0E4FAB0" bold="true" box="[113,201,1288,1312]" pageId="6" pageNumber="1000">Figure 4.</emphasis>
Arm and stalk morphology of
<taxonomicName id="12A74D54BD67FF87D6B4527FC2E3FAB0" authority="Roux, 2024" authorityName="Roux" authorityYear="2024" box="[489,718,1288,1312]" class="Crinoidea" family="Balanocrinidae" genus="Panglaocrinus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isocrinida" pageId="6" pageNumber="1000" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="isseliformis" status="gen. nov., sp. nov">
<emphasis id="E7D3EAC5BD67FF87D6B4527FC2E3FAB0" box="[489,718,1288,1312]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="1000">Panglaocrinus isseliformis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="FCE057BEBD67FF87D58E527FC35CFA8F" box="[723,881,1288,1312]" pageId="6" pageNumber="1000" rank="species">gen. nov., sp. nov</taxonomicNameLabel>
.. A, distal part of secundibrachitaxis with IIBr15ax. (arrow); B, distal part of proxistele with rudimentary cirrus beginning its growth in length; C, segment of distal stalk with the longest cirrus and maximum columnal height. N, nodal.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="9DBD655CBD67FF86D72C5291C531FA37" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="1001" pageId="6" pageNumber="1000" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="D51836D7BD67FF86D72C5291C531FA37" blockId="6.[113,763,1510,1974]" lastBlockId="7.[825,1474,1328,1447]" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="1001" pageId="6" pageNumber="1000">
<emphasis id="E7D3EAC5BD67FF87D72C5291C0E2FA6E" box="[113,207,1510,1534]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="1000">Remarks:</emphasis>
The small size, large inter-articular pores distributed along the entire length of the stalk, the high ratio H/D in distal columnals, proxistele with rudimentary cirri, and short pinnules, all suggest that the
<typeStatus id="0A1C8875BD67FF87D6635133C1B7F9CC" box="[318,410,1604,1628]" pageId="6" pageNumber="1000" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
is a juvenile specimen. The small rudimentary distal cirri cannot provide anchorage on a substrate and this specimen is likely to have been attached with the help of an incrusting disk on a rocky substrate or pebble such as observed for juveniles of
<taxonomicName id="12A74D54BD67FF87D63451B5C216F949" box="[361,571,1730,1753]" class="Crinoidea" family="Isocrinidae" genus="Neocrinus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isocrinida" pageId="6" pageNumber="1000" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="naresianus">
<emphasis id="E7D3EAC5BD67FF87D63451B5C216F949" box="[361,571,1730,1753]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="1000">Neocrinus naresianus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="12A74D54BD67FF87D52851B5C0CAF969" class="Crinoidea" family="Isselicrinidae" genus="Endoxocrinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isocrinida" pageId="6" pageNumber="1000" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="alternicirrus">
<emphasis id="E7D3EAC5BD67FF87D52851B5C0CAF969" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="1000">Endoxocrinus alternicirrus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(see:
<bibRefCitation id="B1364B26BD67FF87D6795196C1EBF969" author="Carpenter PH" box="[292,454,1761,1785]" pageId="6" pageNumber="1000" pagination="442 - 62" refId="ref11484" refString="Carpenter PH. Report upon the Crinoidea collected during the voyage of H. M. S. Challenger, during the years 1873 - 1876. Part I. General morphology, with description of the stalked crinoids. Reports of the Scientific Research Voyage H. M. S. ' Challenger', Zoology 1884; 11: xii + 442 - 62 pls." type="journal article" year="1884">Carpenter 1884</bibRefCitation>
: pl. 30, fig. 4;
<bibRefCitation id="B1364B26BD67FF87D50B5196C088F888" author="Tunnicliffe V &amp; Roux M &amp; Eleaume M" pageId="6" pageNumber="1000" pagination="365 - 88" refId="ref13658" refString="Tunnicliffe V, Roux M, Eleaume M, et al. The stalked crinoid fauna (Echinodermata) of the Molucca and Celebes Seas, Indonesia: taxonomic diversity and observations from remotely operated vehicle imagery. Marine Biodiversity 2016; 46: 365 - 88. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1475 - 4983.2011.01101. x" type="journal article" year="2016">
Tunnicliffe
<emphasis id="E7D3EAC5BD67FF87D5915195C2D6F969" box="[716,763,1761,1785]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="1000">et al.</emphasis>
2016
</bibRefCitation>
: fig. 11). In addition, the variable number of internodals per noditaxis beyond N3 is also interpreted as a juvenile character, and the high number of internodals (21) in noditaxis N3 may be considered as the most peramorphic character. This number is probably higher in larger, more mature, specimens because in isocrinids it usually tends to increase during ontogeny. However, in
<taxonomicName id="12A74D54BD67FF87D4F652FFC48FFA30" authority="Roux, 2024" authorityName="Roux" authorityYear="2024" box="[939,1186,1416,1440]" class="Crinoidea" family="Balanocrinidae" genus="Panglaocrinus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isocrinida" pageId="6" pageNumber="1000" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="isseliformis" status="gen. nov., sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="E7D3EAC5BD67FF87D4F652FFC48FFA30" box="[939,1186,1416,1440]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="1000">Panglaocrinus isseliformis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="FCE057BEBD67FF87D3FA52FFC577FA0F" box="[1191,1370,1416,1440]" pageId="6" pageNumber="1000" rank="species">gen. nov., sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, the mosaic of morphological characters significantly differs from all other extant genera of
<taxonomicName id="12A74D54BD67FF87D34252B1C4ABFA4E" authorityName="Sieverts-Doreck" authorityYear="1952" box="[1055,1158,1478,1502]" class="Crinoidea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isocrinida" pageId="6" pageNumber="1000" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="order">Isocrinida</taxonomicName>
known to date. The highest number of secundibrachials (14, mode 5) is found in
<taxonomicName id="12A74D54BD67FF87D21B5291C359F98D" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1767" class="Crinoidea" family="Isselicrinidae" genus="Cenocrinus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isocrinida" pageId="6" pageNumber="1000" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="asterius">
<emphasis id="E7D3EAC5BD67FF87D21B5291C359F98D" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="1000">Cenocrinus asterius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
among extant species with IBr2ax (
<bibRefCitation id="B1364B26BD67FF87D3A55172C55EF98D" author="David J" box="[1272,1395,1541,1565]" pageId="6" pageNumber="1000" refId="ref11807" refString="David J. Adaptation morphologique, croissance et production bioclastique chez les crinoides pedoncules actuels et fossiles (Pentacrines et Millericrinina): application paleoecologique aux gisements du Jurassique superieur des Charentes et du nord-est du Bassin de Paris. Unpublished PhD Earth Science, science de la terre, University Reims, 1998." type="book" year="1998">David 1998</bibRefCitation>
), and in
<taxonomicName id="12A74D54BD67FF87D41B5152C3CFF9AC" box="[838,994,1572,1596]" class="Crinoidea" family="Isselicrinidae" genus="Metacrinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isocrinida" pageId="6" pageNumber="1000" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="levii">
<emphasis id="E7D3EAC5BD67FF87D41B5152C3CFF9AC" box="[838,994,1572,1596]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="1000">Metacrinus levii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(21, mode 11) for extant species with more than two primibrachials (
<bibRefCitation id="B1364B26BD67FF87D3165133C541F9CC" author="Ameziane-Cominardi N" box="[1099,1388,1604,1628]" pageId="6" pageNumber="1000" pagination="1" refId="ref11075" refString="Ameziane-Cominardi N. Distribution bathymetrique des Pentacrines du Pacifique occidental: essai de modelisation et d'application aux faunes du Lias: problemes de tectono-eustatisme au cours du rifting tethysien. Documents des laboratoires de geologie de Lyon 1991; 116: 1 # x 2013; 253." type="journal article" year="1991">Améziane-Cominardi 1991</bibRefCitation>
). The number of secundibrachials varies between 8 and
<quantity id="125F9B32BD67FF87D2105114C5ABF9EB" box="[1357,1414,1635,1659]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.556" pageId="6" pageNumber="1000" unit="in" value="14.0">14 in</quantity>
the only two crowns of the genus
<taxonomicName id="12A74D54BD67FF87D33351F5C4FAF90A" authorityName="Roverto" authorityYear="1914" box="[1134,1239,1666,1690]" class="Crinoidea" family="Isselicrinidae" genus="Isselicrinus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isocrinida" pageId="6" pageNumber="1000" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="E7D3EAC5BD67FF87D33351F5C4FAF90A" box="[1134,1239,1666,1690]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="1000">Isselicrinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
known to date from the Lower Eocene (
<bibRefCitation id="B1364B26BD67FF87D35951D5C49BF92A" author="Rasmussen HW" box="[1028,1206,1698,1722]" pageId="6" pageNumber="1000" pagination="1 - 83" refId="ref12763" refString="Rasmussen HW. Lower Tertiary Crinoidea, Asteroidea and Ophiuroidea from Northern Europe and Greenland.. Det Kongelige Danske Videnskabernes Selskab, Biologiske Skrifter 1972; 19: 1 - 83." type="journal article" year="1972">Rasmussen 1972</bibRefCitation>
). Columnal symplexies with dense calcite patches and without inner crenularium as seen in
<taxonomicName id="12A74D54BD67FF87D4235197C455F968" authority="Roux, 2024" authorityName="Roux" authorityYear="2024" box="[894,1144,1760,1784]" class="Crinoidea" family="Balanocrinidae" genus="Panglaocrinus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isocrinida" pageId="6" pageNumber="1000" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="isseliformis" status="gen. nov., sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="E7D3EAC5BD67FF87D4235197C455F968" box="[894,1144,1760,1784]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="1000">Panglaocrinus isseliformis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="FCE057BEBD67FF87D3DC5196C511F968" box="[1153,1340,1761,1785]" pageId="6" pageNumber="1000" rank="species">gen. nov., sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
are known only from
<taxonomicName id="12A74D54BD67FF87D4C65077C4AAF888" authorityName="A. H. Clark" authorityYear="1910" box="[923,1159,1792,1816]" class="Crinoidea" family="Proisocrinidae" genus="Proisocrinus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isocrinida" pageId="6" pageNumber="1000" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="ruberrimus">
<emphasis id="E7D3EAC5BD67FF87D4C65077C4AAF888" box="[923,1159,1792,1816]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="1000">Proisocrinus ruberrimus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(see:
<bibRefCitation id="B1364B26BD67FF87D3965077C58FF888" author="Bourseau JP &amp; Ameziane-Cominardi N &amp; Avocat R" box="[1227,1442,1792,1816]" pageId="6" pageNumber="1000" pagination="229 - 333" refId="ref11428" refString="Bourseau JP, Ameziane-Cominardi N, Avocat R, et al. Echinodermata: les Crinoides pedoncules de Nouvelle-Caledonie. In: Crosnier A. (ed.), Resultats des Campagnes Musorstom, Vol. 8. Memoires du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris 1991; A 151: 229 - 333." type="journal article" year="1991">
Bourseau
<emphasis id="E7D3EAC5BD67FF87D2695077C54BF888" box="[1332,1382,1792,1816]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="1000">et al.</emphasis>
1991
</bibRefCitation>
). Cirrus sockets on the distal half of nodals is a character shared with the three species of
<taxonomicName id="12A74D54BD67FF87D36B5048C4BAF8C6" box="[1078,1175,1855,1878]" class="Crinoidea" family="Isocrinidae" genus="Neocrinus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isocrinida" pageId="6" pageNumber="1000" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="E7D3EAC5BD67FF87D36B5048C4BAF8C6" box="[1078,1175,1855,1878]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="1000">Neocrinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, a genus that has cirri that are well developed, relatively delicate, and more or less oriented downwards (distally). In
<taxonomicName id="12A74D54BD67FF87D36D5009C48AF805" authorityName="A. H. Clark" authorityYear="1910" box="[1072,1191,1918,1941]" class="Crinoidea" family="Proisocrinidae" genus="Proisocrinus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isocrinida" pageId="6" pageNumber="1000" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="E7D3EAC5BD67FF87D36D5009C48AF805" box="[1072,1191,1918,1941]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="1000">Proisocrinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, cirri are restricted to the proxistele. In juvenile specimens, cirri are better developed than in adults, and are oriented directly upwards (proximally) (
<bibRefCitation id="B1364B26BD66FF86D7D65227C148FAF8" author="Bourseau JP &amp; Ameziane-Cominardi N &amp; Avocat R" box="[139,357,1360,1384]" pageId="7" pageNumber="1001" pagination="229 - 333" refId="ref11428" refString="Bourseau JP, Ameziane-Cominardi N, Avocat R, et al. Echinodermata: les Crinoides pedoncules de Nouvelle-Caledonie. In: Crosnier A. (ed.), Resultats des Campagnes Musorstom, Vol. 8. Memoires du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris 1991; A 151: 229 - 333." type="journal article" year="1991">
Bourseau
<emphasis id="E7D3EAC5BD66FF86D7A85226C105FAF8" box="[245,296,1360,1384]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="1001">et al.</emphasis>
1991
</bibRefCitation>
). A reduced number of cirri per whorl (three or two) is frequent in
<taxonomicName id="12A74D54BD66FF86D6F65218C281FA17" box="[427,684,1391,1415]" class="Crinoidea" family="Isselicrinidae" genus="Endoxocrinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isocrinida" pageId="7" pageNumber="1001" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="alternicirrus">
<emphasis id="E7D3EAC5BD66FF86D6F65218C281FA17" box="[427,684,1391,1415]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="1001">Endoxocrinus alternicirrus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, particularly in the subspecies
<taxonomicName id="12A74D54BD66FF86D62052F8C2B8FA37" baseAuthorityName="Carpenter" baseAuthorityYear="1882" box="[381,661,1423,1447]" class="Crinoidea" family="Isselicrinidae" genus="Endoxocrinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isocrinida" pageId="7" pageNumber="1001" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="subSpecies" species="alternicirrus" subSpecies="alternicirrus">
<emphasis id="E7D3EAC5BD66FF86D62052F8C2B8FA37" box="[381,661,1423,1447]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="1001">E. alternicirrus alternicirrus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
inhabiting the deepest depth range (
<bibRefCitation id="B1364B26BD66FF86D6C852D9C261FA56" author="David J &amp; Roux M &amp; Messing CG" box="[405,588,1454,1478]" pageId="7" pageNumber="1001" pagination="1 - 50" refId="ref11862" refString="David J, Roux M, Messing CG et al. Revision of the pentacrinid stalked crinoids of the genus Endoxocrinus (Echinodermata, Crinoidea), with a study of environmental control of characters and its consequences for taxonomy. Zootaxa 2006; 1156: 1 - 50." type="journal article" year="2006">
David
<emphasis id="E7D3EAC5BD66FF86D68152D8C222FA56" box="[476,527,1454,1478]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="1001">et al.</emphasis>
2006
</bibRefCitation>
), and
<bibRefCitation id="B1364B26BD66FF86D5CB52D9C0E6FA75" author="Rasmussen HW" pageId="7" pageNumber="1001" pagination="928" refId="ref12796" refString="Rasmussen HW. Articulata. In: Moore RC, Teichert C (eds), Treatise on Invertebrate Palaeontology, Part. T, Echinodermata, 2 (3), Crinoidea. Boulder: Geological Society of America: Lawrence: The University of Kansas Press, 1978; T 813 - T 928." type="book chapter" year="1978">Rasmussen (1978)</bibRefCitation>
pointed out a similar reduction in the number of cirri in the Late Cretaceous–Paleocene genus
<taxonomicName id="12A74D54BD66FF86D517529AC2E2F995" box="[586,719,1517,1541]" class="Crinoidea" family="Isocrinidae" genus="Doreckicrinus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isocrinida" pageId="7" pageNumber="1001" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="E7D3EAC5BD66FF86D517529AC2E2F995" box="[586,719,1517,1541]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="1001">Doreckicrinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The fossil genus
<taxonomicName id="12A74D54BD66FF86D7A0517BC14BF9B4" authorityName="Roverto" authorityYear="1914" box="[253,358,1548,1572]" class="Crinoidea" family="Isselicrinidae" genus="Isselicrinus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isocrinida" pageId="7" pageNumber="1001" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="E7D3EAC5BD66FF86D7A0517BC14BF9B4" box="[253,358,1548,1572]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="1001">Isselicrinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
typically displays one to three cirri (usually two or three) per nodal that are inserted on the distalmost border of nodals, indicating a downward-directed growth, and placed in alternating positions along the stalk, a character named ‘alternicirration’ by
<bibRefCitation id="B1364B26BD66FF86D61651FEC1CCF931" author="Bather F" box="[331,481,1673,1697]" pageId="7" pageNumber="1001" pagination="385 - 407" refId="ref11241" refString="Bather F A. British fossil Crinoids. XI. Balanocrinus of the London Clay. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 8) 1917; 20: 385 - 407." type="journal article" year="1917">Bather (1917)</bibRefCitation>
. Solely, the Late Cretaceous genus
<taxonomicName id="12A74D54BD66FF86D79651DEC17DF950" box="[203,336,1705,1728]" class="Crinoidea" family="Isocrinidae" genus="Austinocrinus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isocrinida" pageId="7" pageNumber="1001" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="E7D3EAC5BD66FF86D79651DEC17DF950" box="[203,336,1705,1728]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="1001">Austinocrinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
commonly displays one or two cirrus sockets per nodal, carrying robust cirri oriented upwards (
<bibRefCitation id="B1364B26BD66FF86D58A51BFC0ECF96F" author="Hess H &amp; Part T" pageId="7" pageNumber="1001" pagination="42 - 69" refId="ref12321" refString="Hess H. Isocrinida. Treatise on Invertebrate Palaeontology, Part T, Revised, Echinodermata 2, Vol. 3, Crinoidea. Lawrence, Kansas: The University of Kansas Palaeontological Institute, 2011 b, 42 - 69." type="book chapter" year="2011">Hess 2011b</bibRefCitation>
).
<taxonomicName id="12A74D54BD66FF86D7855190C1E2F96F" authority="Roux, 2024" authorityName="Roux" authorityYear="2024" box="[216,463,1767,1791]" class="Crinoidea" family="Balanocrinidae" genus="Panglaocrinus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isocrinida" pageId="7" pageNumber="1001" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="isseliformis" status="gen. nov., sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="E7D3EAC5BD66FF86D7855190C1E2F96F" box="[216,463,1767,1791]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="1001">Panglaocrinus isseliformis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="FCE057BEBD66FF86D68B519FC2A6F96F" box="[470,651,1768,1792]" pageId="7" pageNumber="1001" rank="species">gen. nov., sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
displays the closest morphological affinities to the extinct genus
<taxonomicName id="12A74D54BD66FF86D5C65071C329F88E" authorityName="Roverto" authorityYear="1914" box="[667,772,1798,1822]" class="Crinoidea" family="Isselicrinidae" genus="Isselicrinus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isocrinida" pageId="7" pageNumber="1001" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="E7D3EAC5BD66FF86D5C65071C329F88E" box="[667,772,1798,1822]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="1001">Isselicrinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, which ranged from the Upper Cretaceous (
<bibRefCitation id="B1364B26BD66FF86D5135051C2D3F8AE" author="Rasmussen HW" box="[590,766,1830,1854]" pageId="7" pageNumber="1001" pagination="1 - 428" refId="ref12737" refString="Rasmussen HW. A monograph on the Cretaceous Crinoidea. Det Kongelige Danske Videnskabernes Selskab, Biologiske Skrifter 1961; 12: 1 - 428." type="journal article" year="1961">Rasmussen 1961</bibRefCitation>
) to the Oligo-Miocene (Klikushin 1992,
<bibRefCitation id="B1364B26BD66FF86D57E5032C099F8ED" author="Kirilova L &amp; Georgiev V" pageId="7" pageNumber="1001" pagination="37 - 41" refId="ref12410" refString="Kirilova L, Georgiev V. Fossil sea lilies of the genus Isselicrinus Rovereto, 1914 from the lower Oligocene, eastern Rhodopes (Bulgaria). Geologica Balcanica 2018; 47: 37 - 41. https: // doi. org / 10.52321 / GeolBalc. 47.1.37" type="journal article" year="2018">Kirilova and Georgiev 2018</bibRefCitation>
) and occupied a wide depth range during the Eocene (
<bibRefCitation id="B1364B26BD66FF86D7D650F3C118F80C" author="Roux M &amp; Cahuzac B &amp; Sztrakos K" box="[139,309,1924,1948]" pageId="7" pageNumber="1001" pagination="262 - 71" refId="ref13230" refString="Roux M, Cahuzac B, Sztrakos K. Palaeoenvironments with stalked crinoids in Eocene marls of Miretrain (Angoume, southwestern France): palaeodepth estimation. Comptes Rendus Geosciences 2006; 338: 262 - 71. doi: https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. crte. 2006.01.001" type="journal article" year="2006">
Roux
<emphasis id="E7D3EAC5BD66FF86D79750F2C0D6F80C" box="[202,251,1924,1948]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="1001">et al.</emphasis>
2006
</bibRefCitation>
).
<taxonomicName id="12A74D54BD66FF86D61050F3C260F80C" authority="Roux, 2024" authorityName="Roux" authorityYear="2024" box="[333,589,1924,1948]" class="Crinoidea" family="Balanocrinidae" genus="Panglaocrinus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isocrinida" pageId="7" pageNumber="1001" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="isselliformis" status="gen. nov., sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="E7D3EAC5BD66FF86D61050F3C260F80C" box="[333,589,1924,1948]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="1001">Panglaocrinus isselliformis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="FCE057BEBD66FF86D50950F3C327F80B" box="[596,778,1924,1948]" pageId="7" pageNumber="1001" rank="species">gen. nov., sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
was dredged from a depth of
<quantity id="125F9B32BD66FF86D69F50D4C23BF82B" box="[450,534,1955,1979]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.149" pageId="7" pageNumber="1001" unit="m" value="2149.0">2149 m</quantity>
, which corresponds to the greatest depth attained by extant isocrinids, i.e.
<quantity id="125F9B32BD66FF86D2135246C5B3FAD8" box="[1358,1438,1329,1353]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.07" pageId="7" pageNumber="1001" unit="m" value="2070.0">2070 m</quantity>
for
<taxonomicName id="12A74D54BD66FF86D4645227C447FAF8" baseAuthorityName="Thomson" baseAuthorityYear="1872" box="[825,1130,1360,1384]" class="Crinoidea" family="Isselicrinidae" genus="Endoxocrinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isocrinida" pageId="7" pageNumber="1001" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="wywillethomsoni">
<emphasis id="E7D3EAC5BD66FF86D4645227C447FAF8" box="[825,1130,1360,1384]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="1001">Endoxocrinus wywillethomsoni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in the Bay of Biscay, north-east Atlantic (Roux 1985) and
<quantity id="125F9B32BD66FF86D30C5218C48FFA17" box="[1105,1186,1391,1415]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.468" pageId="7" pageNumber="1001" unit="m" value="2468.0">2468 m</quantity>
for
<taxonomicName id="12A74D54BD66FF86D3925207C5B2FA17" box="[1231,1439,1392,1415]" class="Crinoidea" family="Isocrinidae" genus="Neocrinus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isocrinida" pageId="7" pageNumber="1001" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="naresianus">
<emphasis id="E7D3EAC5BD66FF86D3925207C5B2FA17" box="[1231,1439,1392,1415]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="1001">Neocrinus naresianus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
on the
<collectingCountry id="ADB07647BD66FF86D40252F9C3B2FA36" box="[863,927,1422,1446]" name="Tonga" pageId="7" pageNumber="1001">Tonga</collectingCountry>
–Kermadec slopes (
<bibRefCitation id="B1364B26BD66FF86D33752F8C526FA37" author="Carpenter PH" box="[1130,1291,1423,1447]" pageId="7" pageNumber="1001" pagination="442 - 62" refId="ref11484" refString="Carpenter PH. Report upon the Crinoidea collected during the voyage of H. M. S. Challenger, during the years 1873 - 1876. Part I. General morphology, with description of the stalked crinoids. Reports of the Scientific Research Voyage H. M. S. ' Challenger', Zoology 1884; 11: xii + 442 - 62 pls." type="journal article" year="1884">Carpenter 1884</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
Reference in a new issue View git blame Copy permalink