736 lines
89 KiB
XML
736 lines
89 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.71.112433" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1860-1324-1-111" ID-Pensoft-UUID="4C1BF66AB8985969AD22C71E456F4876" ID-ZooBank="050A157BD7124094B4FAE605151001EA" ModsDocID="1860-1324-71-1-111" checkinTime="1713529275747" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Boudinot, Brendon E., Bock, Bernhard L., Weingardt, Michael, Troeger, Daniel, Batelka, Jan, LI, Di, Richter, Adrian, Pohl, Hans, Moosdorf, Olivia T. D., Jandausch, Kenny, Hammel, Joerg U. & Beutel, Rolf G." docDate="2024" docId="B39CEB796C525D599A93198E576EA985" docLanguage="en" docName="DeutEntomolZeit 71(1): 111-176" docOrigin="Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 71 (1)" docPubDate="2024-04-19" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.71.112433" docTitle="Pheidole cordata" docType="treatment" docVersion="2" id="4C1BF66AB8985969AD22C71E456F4876" lastPageNumber="111" masterDocId="4C1BF66AB8985969AD22C71E456F4876" masterDocTitle="Et latet et lucet: Discoveries from the Phyletisches Museum amber and copal collection in Jena, Germany" masterLastPageNumber="176" masterPageNumber="111" pageNumber="111" updateTime="1713529582978" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="359909045A884572B0B5307885B8B52D">Et latet et lucet: Discoveries from the Phyletisches Museum amber and copal collection in Jena, Germany</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="6BC98058740D9D428BB61B9E79715905">Boudinot, Brendon E.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="B7C7D29D524350C23A8B94DE6E1BF844">Friedrich-Schiller-Universitaet Jena, Institut fuer Zoologie und Evolutionsforschung, Erbertstrasse 1, 07743 Jena, Germany & National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, 10 th & Constitution Ave. NW, Washington, DC, USA & Senckenberg Naturmuseum Frankfurt, Senckenberganlage 25, 60325 Frankfurt, Germany</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="2658138BDD10D372567388F503C73BD4">Bock, Bernhard L.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="BF42470840140F1A599E30DA51BEE4A6">Friedrich-Schiller-Universitaet Jena, Institut fuer Zoologie und Evolutionsforschung, Erbertstrasse 1, 07743 Jena, Germany</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="CB62077A16401F580E129AD621A069EF" type="email">bernhard-leopold.bock@uni-jena.de</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="D49A56C22D26A220D4339207C9D22329">Friedrich-Schiller-Universitaet Jena, Institut fuer Zoologie und Evolutionsforschung, Erbertstrasse 1, 07743 Jena, Germany</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:affiliation id="4AD3CE5623DB6A336262778770C91A37">Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Vinicna 7, 128 43 Praha 2, Czech Republic</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:affiliation id="A8584E8094AC872FA1E8DC860523F54F">Friedrich-Schiller-Universitaet Jena, Institut fuer Zoologie und Evolutionsforschung, Erbertstrasse 1, 07743 Jena, Germany & Department of Entomology, China Agricultural University, 100193 Beijing, China</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:affiliation id="C142DC898939468541D0E52452D4C383">Friedrich-Schiller-Universitaet Jena, Institut fuer Zoologie und Evolutionsforschung, Erbertstrasse 1, 07743 Jena, Germany & Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, 1919 - 1 Tancha, Onna son, 904 - 0495, Japan</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="85FFB4384F7572457A1E1347CA16C9D7">Pohl, Hans</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="A2F051B02946405C2B300128AEFCF599">Friedrich-Schiller-Universitaet Jena, Institut fuer Zoologie und Evolutionsforschung, Erbertstrasse 1, 07743 Jena, Germany</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="31555C7E270E69A323F67B711313BCDF">Moosdorf, Olivia T. D.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="45AEFD726AAD65F2E1B514DA9374E4BF">Friedrich-Schiller-Universitaet Jena, Institut fuer Zoologie und Evolutionsforschung, Erbertstrasse 1, 07743 Jena, Germany & National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, 10 th & Constitution Ave. NW, Washington, DC, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:affiliation id="C47FB44C17A8BC87BA4599A4679C44AA">Friedrich-Schiller-Universitaet Jena, Institut fuer Zoologie und Evolutionsforschung, Erbertstrasse 1, 07743 Jena, Germany & Institute for Anatomie I, Jena University Hospital, Teichgraben 7, 07743 Jena, Germany</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:affiliation id="2B34F1751EF4666548278CDCCD51310D">Institute of Materials Physics, Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon, Max-Planck-Strasse 1, 21502 Geesthacht, Germany</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="4AFB8033C70E702AA8B71743F436E11F">Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="1BE83430EC2F9F042D70BBE63BDEADFB">2024</mods:date>
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<treatment id="B39CEB796C525D599A93198E576EA985" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:B39CEB796C525D599A93198E576EA985" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/B39CEB796C525D599A93198E576EA985" lastPageNumber="111" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">
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‡
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<taxonomicName id="BEF4E8D8B7D2342069989EF1669103E9" ID-CoL="76WV7" LSID="B39CEB79-6C52-5D59-9A93-198E576EA985" authority="(Holl, 1829)" baseAuthorityName="Holl" baseAuthorityYear="1829" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pheidole cordata" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cordata">Pheidole cordata (Holl, 1829)</taxonomicName>
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<figureCitation id="149705284869E7EE8DF4A6CEA13A7C18" captionStart="Figure 19" captionStartId="F19" captionText="Figure 19. A-D. 3 D-reconstruction of the neotype of ‡ Pheidole cordata A. Habitus in lateral view; B. Habitus in frontal view; C. Habitus in dorsal view; D. Habitus in ventral view. Abbreviation: ppd = propodeum." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.71.112433.figure19" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1025788" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">Figs 19</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation id="8004A8DBB38D731999CC667B7F892970" captionStart="Figure 20" captionStartId="F20" captionText="Figure 20. A-D. 3 D-reconstruction of the neotype of ‡ Pheidole cordata preserved in piece PMJ Pa 5889. A. Details of head in frontal view, arrow indicates occipital lobe; B. Detail of mouthparts in ventral view; C. Details of foreleg in lateral view; D. Details of metasoma in dorsolateral view. Abbreviations: IHT = inner hypostomal tooth, OHT = outer hypostomal tooth." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.71.112433.figure20" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1025789" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">, 20</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation id="832A250C8BA6A501E6B13E7D85106FF4" captionStart="Figure 21" captionStartId="F21" captionText="Figure 21. A, C, E. Copper lithographs by Schweigger (1819), which Holl (1829) named † Formica cordata. B, D, F. Photographs of the neotype of ‡ Pheidole cordata A. Overview of the amber piece; B. Overview of the amber piece, arrow indicates the inclusion; C. Habitus in lateral view; D. Habitus in ventrolateral view; E. Habitus in dorsal view; F. Habitus in dorsolateral view." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.71.112433.figure21" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1025790" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">, 21</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation id="1482EBEE59A419EE91BD3E1388AA8E8C" captionStart="Figure A5" captionStartId="F27" captionText="Figure A 5. Model 5 of the neotype of ‡ Pheidole cordata Holl, 1829 preserved in copal piece PMJ Pa 5889. An interactive cybertype is available in the HTML version of this article online and on Sketchfab: URL: https: // sketchfab. com / 3 d-models / pheidole-cordata- 695385 c 99247469 ebb 28 bc 4049 b 9 e 301." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.71.112433.figurea5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1025798" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">: Fig. A5</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="BDF23F801484D3CF83CBD318CA7536F7" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" type="neotype">
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<paragraph id="40363057430AEE5111C15ECFE782C304" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">Neotype.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="34FF5BDD9B61335C010EA7882727743C" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">
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PMJ Pa 5889,
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<emphasis id="44707260BE4CD426E57F139DA13FD355" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">designated here</emphasis>
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. Figs
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<figureCitation id="ADDE7791E8F81F466D1DE8948DEDDCFD" captionStart="Figure 19" captionStartId="F19" captionText="Figure 19. A-D. 3 D-reconstruction of the neotype of ‡ Pheidole cordata A. Habitus in lateral view; B. Habitus in frontal view; C. Habitus in dorsal view; D. Habitus in ventral view. Abbreviation: ppd = propodeum." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.71.112433.figure19" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1025788" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">19A-D</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="370DA25E1D93E88575B69F55C8C809C5" captionStart="Figure 20" captionStartId="F20" captionText="Figure 20. A-D. 3 D-reconstruction of the neotype of ‡ Pheidole cordata preserved in piece PMJ Pa 5889. A. Details of head in frontal view, arrow indicates occipital lobe; B. Detail of mouthparts in ventral view; C. Details of foreleg in lateral view; D. Details of metasoma in dorsolateral view. Abbreviations: IHT = inner hypostomal tooth, OHT = outer hypostomal tooth." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.71.112433.figure20" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1025789" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">20A-D</figureCitation>
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,
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|
<figureCitation id="103CBB3D50297B54B73FBCC532826752" captionStart="Figure 21" captionStartId="F21" captionText="Figure 21. A, C, E. Copper lithographs by Schweigger (1819), which Holl (1829) named † Formica cordata. B, D, F. Photographs of the neotype of ‡ Pheidole cordata A. Overview of the amber piece; B. Overview of the amber piece, arrow indicates the inclusion; C. Habitus in lateral view; D. Habitus in ventrolateral view; E. Habitus in dorsal view; F. Habitus in dorsolateral view." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.71.112433.figure21" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1025790" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">21B, D, F</figureCitation>
|
|
.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<caption id="EB0271355744D90268E147E4A258CF21" doi="10.3897/dez.71.112433.figure19" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1025788" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" start="Figure 19" startId="F19">
|
|
<paragraph id="DEBDDA5A9A905D236541844A256AE914" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">
|
|
<emphasis id="62359DA7487C4A46BC54100034EB81FB" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">Figure 19.</emphasis>
|
|
<emphasis id="B6E7DE659DF66019FFC5D322CF2A8A5F" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">A-D.</emphasis>
|
|
3D-reconstruction of the neotype of ‡
|
|
<taxonomicName id="1B725E9B4CC343427DEF8AE0286B8591" baseAuthorityName="Holl" baseAuthorityYear="1829" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pheidole cordata" order="Psocodea" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cordata">
|
|
<emphasis id="6F5A635BC124203996EA7C0405E55C67" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">Pheidole cordata</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
<emphasis id="1CCF280DEECB8D3A3E6118572B59D36C" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">A.</emphasis>
|
|
Habitus in lateral view;
|
|
<emphasis id="4DE1433038EE36868CCCF396BAB72B87" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">B.</emphasis>
|
|
Habitus in frontal view;
|
|
<emphasis id="50A3A29E0D126755D8CEBB77771B4FD8" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">C.</emphasis>
|
|
Habitus in dorsal view;
|
|
<emphasis id="0857D39CA8FD17EB19CDDC5DFF6C4857" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">D.</emphasis>
|
|
Habitus in ventral view. Abbreviation: ppd = propodeum.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</caption>
|
|
<caption id="9FC86F7AD88EC540EE6F845272818C14" doi="10.3897/dez.71.112433.figure20" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1025789" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" start="Figure 20" startId="F20">
|
|
<paragraph id="9B2AC7E59057FFE4551B0A3161F2BA4C" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">
|
|
<emphasis id="9DFE71DE3921AA3ED8B2D0CEDBA9E339" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">Figure 20.</emphasis>
|
|
<emphasis id="64D8C9F381DA1708A6348211EA0676DC" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">A-D.</emphasis>
|
|
3D-reconstruction of the neotype of ‡
|
|
<taxonomicName id="409095FE25FAA0874013409A619CCFF8" baseAuthorityName="Holl" baseAuthorityYear="1829" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pheidole cordata" order="Psocodea" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cordata">
|
|
<emphasis id="DBE589C60DA148578E9E00A319FFA0D2" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">Pheidole cordata</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
preserved in piece PMJ Pa 5889.
|
|
<emphasis id="FAD477A119825483EA129CA47D87C8FB" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">A.</emphasis>
|
|
Details of head in frontal view, arrow indicates occipital lobe;
|
|
<emphasis id="51BCF923EE51BDC8DBF9173401468C73" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">B.</emphasis>
|
|
Detail of mouthparts in ventral view;
|
|
<emphasis id="9D85D407C17158B6A67F5EE2E092ECFA" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">C.</emphasis>
|
|
Details of foreleg in lateral view;
|
|
<emphasis id="A0391F47CED2B54AE93A2BD62257D1B3" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">D.</emphasis>
|
|
Details of metasoma in dorsolateral view. Abbreviations: IHT = inner hypostomal tooth, OHT = outer hypostomal tooth.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</caption>
|
|
<caption id="2414320F8BB2BD7B7F36F52515FEA315" doi="10.3897/dez.71.112433.figure21" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1025790" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" start="Figure 21" startId="F21">
|
|
<paragraph id="E80BF31B86CF7A9ED0C66DD55AE6668B" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">
|
|
<emphasis id="5F950BA19FD9F98DA7EBB64EB38AB504" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">Figure 21.</emphasis>
|
|
<emphasis id="9D33268B74FCAD48C4B616F2F5411B59" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">A, C, E.</emphasis>
|
|
Copper lithographs by
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="4EC9432B2250E49541BD783E64660F98" DOI="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.14416" author="Schweigger, AF" journalOrPublisher="Reimer, Berlin" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" refId="B280" refString="Schweigger, AF, 1819. Beobachtungen auf naturhistorischen Reisen. Anatomisch-physiologische Untersuchungen ueber Corallen; nebst einem Anhange, Bemerkungen ueber den Bernstein enthaltend. Reimer, Berlin, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.14416" title="Beobachtungen auf naturhistorischen Reisen. Anatomisch-physiologische Untersuchungen ueber Corallen; nebst einem Anhange, Bemerkungen ueber den Bernstein enthaltend." url="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.14416" year="1819">Schweigger (1819)</bibRefCitation>
|
|
, which
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="51CC108F447992D09C7F81B5885D728F" author="Holl, F" journalOrPublisher="Neue Denkschriften der Allgemeinen Schweizerischen Gesellschaft fuer die Gesammten Naturwissenschaften" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" refId="B148" refString="Holl, F, 1829. Handbuch der Petrefactenkunde. Bd. 2 [part]. P. O. Hilschersche Buchhandlung, Dresden, 117-232." title="Handbuch der Petrefactenkunde. Bd. 2 [part]. P. O. Hilschersche Buchhandlung, Dresden, 117 - 232." year="1829">Holl (1829)</bibRefCitation>
|
|
named †
|
|
<taxonomicName id="BA4CE613A8B07734A65EB4A12FEF4907" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Formica cordata" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cordata">
|
|
<emphasis id="6B54E1246F9178B3B9E785619FE0D28B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">Formica cordata</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
.
|
|
<emphasis id="922AF8C676F7E24CC115003FFDF3E06D" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">B, D, F.</emphasis>
|
|
Photographs of the neotype of ‡
|
|
<taxonomicName id="F234185A37B6BA000B3970790933C2AC" baseAuthorityName="Holl" baseAuthorityYear="1829" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pheidole cordata" order="Psocodea" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cordata">
|
|
<emphasis id="CB600519FD1EEDF71DFD10C1CEAF24DD" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">Pheidole cordata</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
<emphasis id="FDFEE68E79A5A6CF9CD292D967EE1A8D" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">A.</emphasis>
|
|
Overview of the amber piece;
|
|
<emphasis id="A1753EBC1CC030DD8C1DDE415F2487B6" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">B.</emphasis>
|
|
Overview of the amber piece, arrow indicates the inclusion;
|
|
<emphasis id="A439F8A285FE4B17A66199FADB111B5B" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">C.</emphasis>
|
|
Habitus in lateral view;
|
|
<emphasis id="6FD1F8479D964FD2FBB7AA16C3F46775" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">D.</emphasis>
|
|
Habitus in ventrolateral view;
|
|
<emphasis id="29185082EA886C85D5DE799A8E90F3AB" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">E.</emphasis>
|
|
Habitus in dorsal view;
|
|
<emphasis id="283B667FDD39C04B9A144FB128B20669" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">F.</emphasis>
|
|
Habitus in dorsolateral view.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</caption>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection id="EDE6E41EFD7E92D080BDA34BEA2FACAA" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" type="locality and horizon">
|
|
<paragraph id="04C28A02384E644E1AB26A481015DA4B" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">Locality and horizon.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="39AC6C7F16AA3B9C0B2E3F5F694B24FC" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">
|
|
East African copal (IAA results for PMJ Pa 5889: copal (Table
|
|
<tableCitation id="B857A8BB9C5B837574B6A040E4D40C1C" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="T1" captionText="Table 1. Specimens tested at the IAA, their expected sources, results of the FT-IR analysis, and the color of each resin piece. Four specimens (bold) conformed to expectations based on the provided label data." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/7FEEBC4BE5D1D4308B56A09F6BB71989" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" tableUuid="7FEEBC4BE5D1D4308B56A09F6BB71989">1</tableCitation>
|
|
); 14C-dating for PMJ Pa 5889: ~700 years old).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection id="E53329ADEA94FC6A567B73CBA379F814" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" type="syninclusions">
|
|
<paragraph id="40DFA6D987A6C53E7F037E3D078E1C03" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">Syninclusions.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="3C6DA0F05A4A3F89C82067B0FF002CCF" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">
|
|
<taxonomicName id="A940C2A6FC2BA2E507897F5E6D0A70E9" authorityName="Haliday" authorityYear="1833" class="Insecta" family="Platygastridae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Platygastridae</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="A05C3441529C39B89ACAD39789CC4CDE" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Ceratopogonidae</taxonomicName>
|
|
, and
|
|
<taxonomicName id="0A01723B1A7EA6FB708DB53187F8DF3E" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rank="order">Lepidoptera</taxonomicName>
|
|
.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection id="EED31C1F7456564232C95E7104906D9C" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" type="preservation">
|
|
<paragraph id="6EC2247DE71E7479CDCDCC0A94D595B9" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">Preservation.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="7020CBD592EBEB5D93C4F05AD101CC70" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">
|
|
The cuticle is preserved as a distinct layer as seen in the
|
|
<normalizedToken id="8A072D5420DC79268763636F76BC0DA2" originalValue="SR-µ-CT">SR-µ-CT</normalizedToken>
|
|
scan data. Most of the soft tissues are absent, except for parts of the digestive tract and some musculature, such as parts of the mandibular adductor (0 md1) and some muscles of the legs. The endoskeleton of the head and mesosoma is distinctly preserved and can be meaningfully used for future comparative anatomy.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection id="E0475B9603B56EE05612720703359DA2" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" type="paraneotypes">
|
|
<paragraph id="A4B04EEE509BB0BFE866DB9F7606A08A" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">Paraneotypes.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="433FF33BCA1BDBC81E89349A98BB61EB" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">None.</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection id="838708D605C7B36A3BBE9CB374DF224B" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" type="diagnosis">
|
|
<paragraph id="D60EDFE0777D612445443D796AC756D3" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="41997EE20D4FF56490BBDBF783DE5B9A" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">
|
|
The species, represented by the major worker, is identifiable as a member of the
|
|
<taxonomicName id="C7734F4AA4235FAB471F4318434019A7" class="Insecta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ph. megacephala" order="Neuroptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="megacephala">
|
|
<emphasis id="B20E7B76F09FE5E6767AD2C7EADD0E77" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">Ph. megacephala</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
species group by (1) the presence of the conspicuous ventral convexity of the postpetiolar sternum (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation id="6E61BBB08191A1D8A0FDBD9C2B3C2318" captionStart="Figure 19" captionStartId="F19" captionText="Figure 19. A-D. 3 D-reconstruction of the neotype of ‡ Pheidole cordata A. Habitus in lateral view; B. Habitus in frontal view; C. Habitus in dorsal view; D. Habitus in ventral view. Abbreviation: ppd = propodeum." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.71.112433.figure19" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1025788" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">19A; e</figureCitation>
|
|
.g.,
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="2057F28340C144436331F222955BC5F9" DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.905.39592" author="Salata, S" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" pagination="1 - 235" refId="B268" refString="Salata, S, Fisher, BL, 2020. Pheidole Westwood, 1839 (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) of Madagascar - an introduction and a taxonomic revision of eleven species groups. ZooKeys 905: 1 - 235, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.905.39592" title="Pheidole Westwood, 1839 (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) of Madagascar - an introduction and a taxonomic revision of eleven species groups." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.905.39592" volume="905" year="2020">Salata and Fisher 2020</bibRefCitation>
|
|
). It differs from
|
|
<taxonomicName id="5CC8D95945FA0240B5A90FE76EAAA76F" class="Insecta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ph. megacephala" order="Neuroptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="megacephala">
|
|
<emphasis id="521A65A008926BC06D91B442569A9609" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">Ph. megacephala</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
(Fabricius, 1793),
|
|
<taxonomicName id="0239E304A38C9CF92448EC67D283B6E0" class="Insecta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ph. megatron" order="Neuroptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="megatron">
|
|
<emphasis id="7F51588C6E893762B0D7453FF74337B9" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">Ph. megatron</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
Fischer & Fischer, 2013, and
|
|
<taxonomicName id="7CE12D647ABB17C3B2C2B365A1B946E9" authorityName="Gray, 1831: 57 (Non Agama Spinosa Duméril & Bibron" authorityYear="1837" class="Insecta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ph. spinosa" order="Neuroptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spinosa">
|
|
<emphasis id="A374916CC7B5C3E8E13EDCA9D3197E0A" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">Ph. spinosa</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
Forel, 1891 by (2) the well-developed inner hypostomal teeth (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation id="87F860B7447982BEC4EF1E3CADB0D5B9" captionStart="Figure 20" captionStartId="F20" captionText="Figure 20. A-D. 3 D-reconstruction of the neotype of ‡ Pheidole cordata preserved in piece PMJ Pa 5889. A. Details of head in frontal view, arrow indicates occipital lobe; B. Detail of mouthparts in ventral view; C. Details of foreleg in lateral view; D. Details of metasoma in dorsolateral view. Abbreviations: IHT = inner hypostomal tooth, OHT = outer hypostomal tooth." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.71.112433.figure20" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1025789" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">20B; e</figureCitation>
|
|
.g.,
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="53C2753B09198B9A593EBD80011E51B0" DOI="https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.13263" author="Salata, S" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" refId="B269" refString="Salata, S, Fisher, BL, 2022. Taxonomic revision of the Pheidole megacephala species-group (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) from the Malagasy Region. PeerJ 10: e13263. https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.13263" title="Taxonomic revision of the Pheidole megacephala species-group (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) from the Malagasy Region. PeerJ 10: e 13263." url="https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.13263" year="2022">Salata and Fisher 2022</bibRefCitation>
|
|
). Among the
|
|
<taxonomicName id="C8D2AA268F11A842561750711F5C8D3E" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1793" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pheidole megacephala" order="Psocodea" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="megacephala">
|
|
<emphasis id="29F459DC3DF68BF38C4406C19360132D" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">Pheidole megacephala</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
group species more broadly (e.g.,
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="E4497A1F1702C6B3C265CA0DD01BAEDA" DOI="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3232.1.1" author="Fischer, G" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" pagination="1 - 43" refId="B111" refString="Fischer, G, Hita Jaloszynsk, F, Peters, MK, 2012. Taxonomy of the ant genus Pheidole Westwood (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in the Afrotropical zoogeographic region: definition of species groups and systematic revision of the Pheidole pulchella group. Zootaxa 3232: 1 - 43, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3232.1.1" title="Taxonomy of the ant genus Pheidole Westwood (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in the Afrotropical zoogeographic region: definition of species groups and systematic revision of the Pheidole pulchella group." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3232.1.1" volume="3232" year="2012">Fischer et al. 2012</bibRefCitation>
|
|
), it differs in having (3) facial rugosity that extends to the posterior margin of the occipital lobes (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation id="DC4A6A7DB223C44594816202F0B4117B" captionStart="Figure 20" captionStartId="F20" captionText="Figure 20. A-D. 3 D-reconstruction of the neotype of ‡ Pheidole cordata preserved in piece PMJ Pa 5889. A. Details of head in frontal view, arrow indicates occipital lobe; B. Detail of mouthparts in ventral view; C. Details of foreleg in lateral view; D. Details of metasoma in dorsolateral view. Abbreviations: IHT = inner hypostomal tooth, OHT = outer hypostomal tooth." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.71.112433.figure20" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1025789" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">20A</figureCitation>
|
|
, note: among type specimens of the group imaged on AntWeb, this condition also occurring in
|
|
<taxonomicName id="F92D5201320C2B330B936E854571E265" class="Insecta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ph. megacephala subsp. impressifrons" order="Neuroptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="megacephala" subSpecies="impressifrons">
|
|
<emphasis id="B39FB4B954BC2B7D26DC4AAE0AC24437" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">Ph. megacephala impressifrons</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
Wasmann, 1905, which has a more angular bulge of the postpetiolar sternum). See the description below for further conditions.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection id="69F4D987D28886A3E78D9F65C90BCB2B" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" type="description">
|
|
<paragraph id="225D6A79EF0304B9291DDA03043F72BA" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">Description.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="69BD6CDBD3C23E10E758B9824E00BB08" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">
|
|
<emphasis id="15C066DFE41DC9A24A251F1B8F2C0BC4" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">Measurements</emphasis>
|
|
(in mm; abbreviations follow
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="006D35E20010CD1DCB8E28FFE416ACC1" DOI="https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.13263" author="Salata, S" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" refId="B269" refString="Salata, S, Fisher, BL, 2022. Taxonomic revision of the Pheidole megacephala species-group (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) from the Malagasy Region. PeerJ 10: e13263. https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.13263" title="Taxonomic revision of the Pheidole megacephala species-group (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) from the Malagasy Region. PeerJ 10: e 13263." url="https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.13263" year="2022">Salata and Fisher 2022</bibRefCitation>
|
|
): EL = 0.152; HL = 1.290; HW = 1.230; MTL = 0.673; PNW = 0.618; PPW = 0.324; PSL = 0.202; PTW = 0.172; SL = 0.714; WL = 1.110.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="758391592BCC72CB70424F62FE1BC6EC" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">
|
|
<emphasis id="290EF91504B23B2322183BE9B718BDAA" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">Indices</emphasis>
|
|
(also following
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="439E9D73E8F0937B8661880191FBECDA" DOI="https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.13263" author="Salata, S" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" refId="B269" refString="Salata, S, Fisher, BL, 2022. Taxonomic revision of the Pheidole megacephala species-group (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) from the Malagasy Region. PeerJ 10: e13263. https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.13263" title="Taxonomic revision of the Pheidole megacephala species-group (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) from the Malagasy Region. PeerJ 10: e 13263." url="https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.13263" year="2022">Salata and Fisher 2022</bibRefCitation>
|
|
): CI = 95.3; MTI = 54.7; SI = 58.0; PNI = 50.2; PPI = 26.3; PSLI = 16.4. Note: Measurements taken from cross-sectional projections in DragonFly using the reregistration and ruler tools.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="F85415E9F37CAE1CD19960167ED15878" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">
|
|
<emphasis id="9FFAC9F7B460811D77638E720AACAB64" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">
|
|
<emphasis id="320E8848FAD7E8E83F74FAC075C963BA" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">Head</emphasis>
|
|
.
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
In full-face view (Figs
|
|
<figureCitation id="63EFE69B955C9AA30B9A412BC98D9E9E" captionStart="Figure 19" captionStartId="F19" captionText="Figure 19. A-D. 3 D-reconstruction of the neotype of ‡ Pheidole cordata A. Habitus in lateral view; B. Habitus in frontal view; C. Habitus in dorsal view; D. Habitus in ventral view. Abbreviation: ppd = propodeum." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.71.112433.figure19" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1025788" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">19B</figureCitation>
|
|
,
|
|
<figureCitation id="542C718CC046B6BF8A94F1659FEAA59B" captionStart="Figure 20" captionStartId="F20" captionText="Figure 20. A-D. 3 D-reconstruction of the neotype of ‡ Pheidole cordata preserved in piece PMJ Pa 5889. A. Details of head in frontal view, arrow indicates occipital lobe; B. Detail of mouthparts in ventral view; C. Details of foreleg in lateral view; D. Details of metasoma in dorsolateral view. Abbreviations: IHT = inner hypostomal tooth, OHT = outer hypostomal tooth." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.71.112433.figure20" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1025789" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">20A</figureCitation>
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|
), the head is subcordate, with the lateral margins widest somewhat beyond head midlength and with the posterior portions of the lateral margins converging posterad to the occipital lobes. In lateral view (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation id="95AB1CB7FEB754B225EACE3EFC91E003" captionStart="Figure 19" captionStartId="F19" captionText="Figure 19. A-D. 3 D-reconstruction of the neotype of ‡ Pheidole cordata A. Habitus in lateral view; B. Habitus in frontal view; C. Habitus in dorsal view; D. Habitus in ventral view. Abbreviation: ppd = propodeum." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.71.112433.figure19" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1025788" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">19A</figureCitation>
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|
), the head is subovate. The antennal scrobes are indistinct. The occipital lobes are rugose, with shagreened interspaces. The inner hypostomal teeth are well-developed; they are distant from the outer teeth, which are also well-developed (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation id="B6C2AD178F2919909F8943B902D06321" captionStart="Figure 20" captionStartId="F20" captionText="Figure 20. A-D. 3 D-reconstruction of the neotype of ‡ Pheidole cordata preserved in piece PMJ Pa 5889. A. Details of head in frontal view, arrow indicates occipital lobe; B. Detail of mouthparts in ventral view; C. Details of foreleg in lateral view; D. Details of metasoma in dorsolateral view. Abbreviations: IHT = inner hypostomal tooth, OHT = outer hypostomal tooth." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.71.112433.figure20" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1025789" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">20B</figureCitation>
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|
). The median hypostomal tooth is indistinct.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="FBB671C7DA06AF74E32F47EB14362449" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">
|
|
<emphasis id="C74D4185CE0EFFF646F9612B8D576027" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">
|
|
<emphasis id="17505D941B7C680AD58A9A45E74922C6" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">Mesosoma</emphasis>
|
|
.
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
The humeral tubercle of the pronotum is weakly developed. The mesonotal bulge is distinct but not pronounced. The metanotum is only weakly indicated by a slight angularity of the promesonotal profile in lateral view. The propodeal spines are moderately long, with a wide base and acute tip (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation id="8E328CEBA433B81543A8C3C27DB2FC42" captionStart="Figure 19" captionStartId="F19" captionText="Figure 19. A-D. 3 D-reconstruction of the neotype of ‡ Pheidole cordata A. Habitus in lateral view; B. Habitus in frontal view; C. Habitus in dorsal view; D. Habitus in ventral view. Abbreviation: ppd = propodeum." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.71.112433.figure19" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1025788" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">19A</figureCitation>
|
|
).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="BE497CC34458B70CE2577F819A86D612" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">
|
|
<emphasis id="CE2D35F54C250BF335A73A1DB1CE8D62" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">
|
|
<emphasis id="194D40C3A0E9E506D7E363ECE9096EEF" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">Metasoma</emphasis>
|
|
.
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
The bulge of the postpetiolar sternum is rounded anteriorly. The first gastral tergum (ATIV) appears to be shagreened at its base (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation id="22B7E2E780697060F7C2F1951F10F144" captionStart="Figure 20" captionStartId="F20" captionText="Figure 20. A-D. 3 D-reconstruction of the neotype of ‡ Pheidole cordata preserved in piece PMJ Pa 5889. A. Details of head in frontal view, arrow indicates occipital lobe; B. Detail of mouthparts in ventral view; C. Details of foreleg in lateral view; D. Details of metasoma in dorsolateral view. Abbreviations: IHT = inner hypostomal tooth, OHT = outer hypostomal tooth." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.71.112433.figure20" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1025789" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">20D</figureCitation>
|
|
).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="0BA4BE214F273DFC0FCE6A7CAA8E1277" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">
|
|
<emphasis id="C25DF786AF40EF526C1F9189EE638E9A" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">
|
|
<emphasis id="4965FA495ADF2CF1B323030DB492BC8F" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">Setation</emphasis>
|
|
.
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
Length and stature of setation uncertain, although density measurable in the scans based on the distinct occurrence of the setiferous punctation.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="CA15DAE0E27EB6D9ED0EF8C6F9983F00" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">
|
|
<emphasis id="A11A59977C7188767525C33F7337DF95" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">
|
|
<emphasis id="3674860188727584D7106E1AA721DAB3" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">Coloration</emphasis>
|
|
.
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
Not clearly visible; appears brownish/reddish.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection id="3DE20EE447275935D9CF72F7D70C9A5F" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" type="remarks">
|
|
<paragraph id="EFEE5C828AE4ED5AE1135506611A5F0D" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">Remarks on the neotype.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="E6F9AD62D419A3855D097D84749E9D75" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">
|
|
Designation of the soldier in piece PMJ Pa 5889 as the neotype of ‡
|
|
<taxonomicName id="81C13DEA36AAFD070F8E386CF2E1188F" class="Insecta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ph. cordata" order="Neuroptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cordata">
|
|
<emphasis id="8EF88FFE6128664837DFB79824A7E8BE" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">Ph. cordata</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
meets the requirements of article 75 of the
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="584843771C216C14AF322FACCABECB87" author="Ijiri, T" journalOrPublisher="The International Trust for Zoological Nomenclature, London, UK" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" publicationUrl="https://www.iczn.org/the-code/the-code-online/" refId="B151" refString="1999. International Code of Zoological Nomenclature. 4th edn. The International Trust for Zoological Nomenclature, London, UK. https://www.iczn.org/the-code/the-code-online/" title="International Code of Zoological Nomenclature. 4 th edn." url="https://www.iczn.org/the-code/the-code-online/" year="1999">ICZN (1999)</bibRefCitation>
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|
, as follows. 75.3.1. The identity of this taxon is in severe need of clarification, as it has vexed systematists for nearly two centuries (e.g.,
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="FDDC042B93A7A821FAF3F0AA6F928497" author="Mayr, G" journalOrPublisher="Beitraege zur Naturkunde Preussens" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" pagination="1 - 102" refId="B193" refString="Mayr, G, 1868. Die Ameisen des baltischen Bernsteins. Beitraege zur Naturkunde Preussens 1: 1 - 102" title="Die Ameisen des baltischen Bernsteins." volume="1" year="1868">Mayr 1868</bibRefCitation>
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;
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="BC58186D54EE59BCFE442E9469AA8FAE" DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.866.35756" author="Casadei-Ferreira, A" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" pagination="117 - 125" refId="B62" refString="Casadei-Ferreira, A, Chaul, JCM, Feitosa, RM, 2019. A new species of Pheidole (Formicidae, Myrmicinae) from Dominican amber with a review of the fossil records for the genus. ZooKeys 866: 117 - 125, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.866.35756" title="A new species of Pheidole (Formicidae, Myrmicinae) from Dominican amber with a review of the fossil records for the genus." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.866.35756" volume="866" year="2019">Casadei-Ferreira et al. 2019</bibRefCitation>
|
|
) and may mistakenly be used for evolutionary inference, such as an Eocene-aged calibration for divergence dating based on the assumption that it is from Baltic amber, as recorded by, e.g.,
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="991ADADA7AC8D9E09575EC294D36D232" author="Bolton, B" journalOrPublisher="Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" refId="B34" refString="Bolton, B, 1995. A new general catalogue of the ants of the world. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press" title="A new general catalogue of the ants of the world." year="1995">Bolton (1995</bibRefCitation>
|
|
, p. 319) and
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="D98917795B6A1B92547BF39EA3F7FE28" author="Bolton, B" journalOrPublisher="Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" pagination="1 - 370" refId="B35" refString="Bolton, B, 2003. Synopsis and classification of Formicidae. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 71: 1 - 370" title="Synopsis and classification of Formicidae." volume="71" year="2003">Bolton (2003)</bibRefCitation>
|
|
. 75.3.2, -.3. Diagnostic remarks and description are provided above. 75.3.4. The original material is known to be lost (
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="3F1237D1CCF4AA6C644589671E97760A" DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.866.35756" author="Casadei-Ferreira, A" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" pagination="117 - 125" refId="B62" refString="Casadei-Ferreira, A, Chaul, JCM, Feitosa, RM, 2019. A new species of Pheidole (Formicidae, Myrmicinae) from Dominican amber with a review of the fossil records for the genus. ZooKeys 866: 117 - 125, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.866.35756" title="A new species of Pheidole (Formicidae, Myrmicinae) from Dominican amber with a review of the fossil records for the genus." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.866.35756" volume="866" year="2019">Casadei-Ferreira et al. 2019</bibRefCitation>
|
|
). It is unclear if the material sent by Schweigger ever made it to the MfN Berlin in the first half of the 19th century; see p. 111 of
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="FB2B8F739B689108F575A727BDFF83DE" DOI="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.14416" author="Schweigger, AF" journalOrPublisher="Reimer, Berlin" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" refId="B280" refString="Schweigger, AF, 1819. Beobachtungen auf naturhistorischen Reisen. Anatomisch-physiologische Untersuchungen ueber Corallen; nebst einem Anhange, Bemerkungen ueber den Bernstein enthaltend. Reimer, Berlin, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.14416" title="Beobachtungen auf naturhistorischen Reisen. Anatomisch-physiologische Untersuchungen ueber Corallen; nebst einem Anhange, Bemerkungen ueber den Bernstein enthaltend." url="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.14416" year="1819">Schweigger (1819)</bibRefCitation>
|
|
and elsewhere for his stated intent to have the specimens identified there. Further,
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="7DE5AC177187A42EE780723893CEFDAB" author="Holl, F" journalOrPublisher="Neue Denkschriften der Allgemeinen Schweizerischen Gesellschaft fuer die Gesammten Naturwissenschaften" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" refId="B148" refString="Holl, F, 1829. Handbuch der Petrefactenkunde. Bd. 2 [part]. P. O. Hilschersche Buchhandlung, Dresden, 117-232." title="Handbuch der Petrefactenkunde. Bd. 2 [part]. P. O. Hilschersche Buchhandlung, Dresden, 117 - 232." year="1829">Holl (1829</bibRefCitation>
|
|
, p. 140) indicates that he defined his species †
|
|
<taxonomicName id="19713D47E63298B9A14CA1D65537AC69" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Formica cordata" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cordata">
|
|
<emphasis id="648D0EB96B549C095A81071EC242E19E" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">Formica cordata</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
based on the observations of Schweigger and
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="E2BBF33E327570D240E96800F4896B56" author="Mayr, G" journalOrPublisher="Beitraege zur Naturkunde Preussens" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" pagination="1 - 102" refId="B193" refString="Mayr, G, 1868. Die Ameisen des baltischen Bernsteins. Beitraege zur Naturkunde Preussens 1: 1 - 102" title="Die Ameisen des baltischen Bernsteins." volume="1" year="1868">Mayr (1868</bibRefCitation>
|
|
, p. 18) explicitly states that he had not seen the material referred to by Holl. 75.3.5. The neotype matches the best available evidence. More specifically, the first author of the present work directly examined a physical print of the original illustrations by
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="28635517AD0B126EAE1794AAFB613DF3" DOI="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.14416" author="Schweigger, AF" journalOrPublisher="Reimer, Berlin" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" refId="B280" refString="Schweigger, AF, 1819. Beobachtungen auf naturhistorischen Reisen. Anatomisch-physiologische Untersuchungen ueber Corallen; nebst einem Anhange, Bemerkungen ueber den Bernstein enthaltend. Reimer, Berlin, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.14416" title="Beobachtungen auf naturhistorischen Reisen. Anatomisch-physiologische Untersuchungen ueber Corallen; nebst einem Anhange, Bemerkungen ueber den Bernstein enthaltend." url="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.14416" year="1819">Schweigger (1819</bibRefCitation>
|
|
, figs 70, 70a, 70b on plate 8 therein; Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation id="3167BB8500751D243B1A3BC2E7EE45A8" captionStart="Figure 21" captionStartId="F21" captionText="Figure 21. A, C, E. Copper lithographs by Schweigger (1819), which Holl (1829) named † Formica cordata. B, D, F. Photographs of the neotype of ‡ Pheidole cordata A. Overview of the amber piece; B. Overview of the amber piece, arrow indicates the inclusion; C. Habitus in lateral view; D. Habitus in ventrolateral view; E. Habitus in dorsal view; F. Habitus in dorsolateral view." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.71.112433.figure21" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1025790" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">21A, C, E</figureCitation>
|
|
), which were used by
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="A21D18DBEEF65EE5A094B6FB4D1ADCEF" author="Holl, F" journalOrPublisher="Neue Denkschriften der Allgemeinen Schweizerischen Gesellschaft fuer die Gesammten Naturwissenschaften" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" refId="B148" refString="Holl, F, 1829. Handbuch der Petrefactenkunde. Bd. 2 [part]. P. O. Hilschersche Buchhandlung, Dresden, 117-232." title="Handbuch der Petrefactenkunde. Bd. 2 [part]. P. O. Hilschersche Buchhandlung, Dresden, 117 - 232." year="1829">Holl (1829)</bibRefCitation>
|
|
to designate the species. Based on this, that author observed clearly illustrated 3-merous antennal clubs, which would rule out other Afrotropical
|
|
<taxonomicName id="1F000B00A69BE3CC92C02AFE514A84C2" authorityName="Lepeletier de Saint-Fargeau" authorityYear="1835" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Myrmicinae">Myrmicinae</taxonomicName>
|
|
(
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="D661A5EA0F24968D688C88B1286B584C" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1525/9780520962996" author="Fisher, BL" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" refId="B112" refString="Fisher, BL, Bolton, B, 2016. Ants of the world. Ants of Africa and Madagascar. A guide to the genera. Berkeley: University of California Press [ix +] 503 pp. https://doi.org/10.1525/9780520962996" title="Ants of the world. Ants of Africa and Madagascar. A guide to the genera. Berkeley: University of California Press [ix +] 503 pp." url="https://doi.org/10.1525/9780520962996" year="2016">Fisher and Bolton 2016</bibRefCitation>
|
|
). The illustrations further show attributes of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4CB1C58D46C890CCB209217E16319BEC" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pheidole" order="Psocodea" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="C5F1F971FF48D097EA995D1560E84C90" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">Pheidole</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
, including a massive head, high and domed promesonotum, low and spined propodeum, and long petiolar peduncle with a short node.
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="C3F1644F8DCD56BC15B523586F34957E" author="Mayr, G" journalOrPublisher="Beitraege zur Naturkunde Preussens" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" pagination="1 - 102" refId="B193" refString="Mayr, G, 1868. Die Ameisen des baltischen Bernsteins. Beitraege zur Naturkunde Preussens 1: 1 - 102" title="Die Ameisen des baltischen Bernsteins." volume="1" year="1868">Mayr (1868)</bibRefCitation>
|
|
was uncertain about the size of the original material, which is unknowable at this point and irrelevant for the present designation. Therefore, we interpret the fossil as
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4B7BE2A51A30920D304188535CB4E505" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pheidole" order="Psocodea" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="6DCCF2F884E7DBEBBB49F4BA676B9826" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">Pheidole</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
based on the available evidence (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation id="A37805DEF7E7D51CF813159870EB9F6B" captionStart="Figure 21" captionStartId="F21" captionText="Figure 21. A, C, E. Copper lithographs by Schweigger (1819), which Holl (1829) named † Formica cordata. B, D, F. Photographs of the neotype of ‡ Pheidole cordata A. Overview of the amber piece; B. Overview of the amber piece, arrow indicates the inclusion; C. Habitus in lateral view; D. Habitus in ventrolateral view; E. Habitus in dorsal view; F. Habitus in dorsolateral view." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.71.112433.figure21" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1025790" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">21B, D, F</figureCitation>
|
|
), which is restricted to the examined copper plate due to loss of the original material. 75.3.6. The designated neotype does come from the original type locality and horizon as much as is practicable, given that
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="DDD0D1AEE0ECB7A0409DAA980F04FAB3" DOI="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.14416" author="Schweigger, AF" journalOrPublisher="Reimer, Berlin" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" refId="B280" refString="Schweigger, AF, 1819. Beobachtungen auf naturhistorischen Reisen. Anatomisch-physiologische Untersuchungen ueber Corallen; nebst einem Anhange, Bemerkungen ueber den Bernstein enthaltend. Reimer, Berlin, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.14416" title="Beobachtungen auf naturhistorischen Reisen. Anatomisch-physiologische Untersuchungen ueber Corallen; nebst einem Anhange, Bemerkungen ueber den Bernstein enthaltend." url="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.14416" year="1819">Schweigger (1819)</bibRefCitation>
|
|
: (a) knew about copal (pp. 103, 104 therein) and East African copal was available around that time (e.g.,
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="284A91E1B42ECDA733EE3F7C23A8CCF9" author="Smith, F" journalOrPublisher="Quarterly Journal of Science" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" pagination="183 - 184" refId="B291" refString="Smith, F, 1868. Explanation of the plate of organic remains found in amber, in Amber; its origin and history, as illustrated by the geology of Samland. Quarterly Journal of Science 5: 183 - 184" title="Explanation of the plate of organic remains found in amber, in Amber; its origin and history, as illustrated by the geology of Samland." volume="5" year="1868">Smith 1868</bibRefCitation>
|
|
, see section 4.3.2 below); (b) he was uncertain about the provenance of the two specimens eventually named ‡
|
|
<taxonomicName id="AAE9FEC7C0F0D00B39D583BEF443C4A2" class="Insecta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ph. cordata" order="Neuroptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cordata">
|
|
<emphasis id="64B7CC740959E4D79C7D447ABECC7EC9" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">Ph. cordata</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
by
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="A88DBA4BA3FAEDD92661587FDC4BAD6B" author="Holl, F" journalOrPublisher="Neue Denkschriften der Allgemeinen Schweizerischen Gesellschaft fuer die Gesammten Naturwissenschaften" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" refId="B148" refString="Holl, F, 1829. Handbuch der Petrefactenkunde. Bd. 2 [part]. P. O. Hilschersche Buchhandlung, Dresden, 117-232." title="Handbuch der Petrefactenkunde. Bd. 2 [part]. P. O. Hilschersche Buchhandlung, Dresden, 117 - 232." year="1829">Holl (1829)</bibRefCitation>
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|
, as stated in the text; and (c) he pointed out that the species he examined resembled a taxon possibly from Africa ("Diese Bildung findet sich an Ameisen
|
|
<normalizedToken id="D74DFE0FF784230C40860B75C9392981" originalValue="südlicher">suedlicher</normalizedToken>
|
|
<normalizedToken id="2036191CDBCCC751988106079BFB07F3" originalValue="Länder.”">Laender."</normalizedToken>
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|
, pp. 119 therein). Regarding the type locality further, although we cannot be absolutely certain that the specific fossil is from East African or Malagasy copal
|
|
<emphasis id="29362D670FE4BBCE22DCA1CB8B152C2A" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">sensu lato</emphasis>
|
|
, the syninclusion of a
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4262213080FE3F310B185C3635C74F34" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pheidole" order="Psocodea" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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|
<emphasis id="914DAEDEBA72A953A6EDEAB2E82E581B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">Pheidole</emphasis>
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|
</taxonomicName>
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|
minor from the PMJ Pa collection with
|
|
<taxonomicName id="B383343ACB2F6D90579150D39FBD5652" authorityName="Fabricius" authorityYear="1793" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Dorylus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dorylus" order="Psocodea" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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|
<emphasis id="8FBA1868BFBB92810ECA71B2E07E728F" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">Dorylus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
|
|
(PMJ Pa 5827), which has never been recorded from Madagascar, strongly implies that the material was from the mainland of the African continent. 75.3.7. The neotype is permanently preserved in and available for study at the Phyletisches Museum, Jena.
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</paragraph>
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|
<paragraph id="CF9D8716E9FF062D0771B6FB3BA281E6" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">
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|
We have taken this action to resolve a suite of problems associated with the name ‡
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|
<taxonomicName id="11AEC64EE941980EA3C0FEF828155DDA" class="Insecta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ph. cordata" order="Neuroptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cordata">
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|
<emphasis id="78A3E5E124DF8508300CCA9B1BFA37F7" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">Ph. cordata</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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|
, as recently reviewed by
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="2A5B8B7B17A90D029FE12924D97A1F36" DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.866.35756" author="Casadei-Ferreira, A" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" pagination="117 - 125" refId="B62" refString="Casadei-Ferreira, A, Chaul, JCM, Feitosa, RM, 2019. A new species of Pheidole (Formicidae, Myrmicinae) from Dominican amber with a review of the fossil records for the genus. ZooKeys 866: 117 - 125, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.866.35756" title="A new species of Pheidole (Formicidae, Myrmicinae) from Dominican amber with a review of the fossil records for the genus." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.866.35756" volume="866" year="2019">Casadei-Ferreira et al. (2019)</bibRefCitation>
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, who, after much consideration, concluded by placing this fossil
|
|
<emphasis id="69656D0878234C7803E6FA68C3EEF9FA" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">incertae sedis</emphasis>
|
|
in
|
|
<taxonomicName id="1B7978DFE090C5CCC0269A1D910BA0B5" authorityName="Lepeletier de Saint-Fargeau" authorityYear="1835" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Myrmicinae">Myrmicinae</taxonomicName>
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. We fully agree with
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="17F3B791C3DADFBE3B68C8A63681BDDA" DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.866.35756" author="Casadei-Ferreira, A" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" pagination="117 - 125" refId="B62" refString="Casadei-Ferreira, A, Chaul, JCM, Feitosa, RM, 2019. A new species of Pheidole (Formicidae, Myrmicinae) from Dominican amber with a review of the fossil records for the genus. ZooKeys 866: 117 - 125, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.866.35756" title="A new species of Pheidole (Formicidae, Myrmicinae) from Dominican amber with a review of the fossil records for the genus." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.866.35756" volume="866" year="2019">Casadei-Ferreira et al. (2019)</bibRefCitation>
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|
that this fossil needs to be disposed of in order to avoid its uncritical use in systematic or evolutionary study and inference. By placing the name ‡
|
|
<taxonomicName id="A0DBA173C28271396CEB92B4D58339D1" class="Insecta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ph. cordata" order="Neuroptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cordata">
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|
<emphasis id="C78AA73CBC63D10A4E98A7D76923C962" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">Ph. cordata</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
back in
|
|
<taxonomicName id="A876881C2F0868E6F4D28247898D6A8A" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pheidole" order="Psocodea" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="08F1EF034553AEC459DEF3EFCC052F7C" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">Pheidole</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
, we alleviate the need for treating this taxon in the next revision of the fossil record of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="3FC67DE7D8523DBB06960816AE9E6CB0" authorityName="Lepeletier de Saint-Fargeau" authorityYear="1835" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Myrmicinae">Myrmicinae</taxonomicName>
|
|
, particularly as the specific epithet will be paired with the genus
|
|
<taxonomicName id="9382FDDE6F4EE0EB118508BA254BB945" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pheidole" order="Psocodea" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="621B05F601E94DC58602718D08B87A29" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">Pheidole</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
, unless it were returned to
|
|
<taxonomicName id="EC15C5AB27E392A43E7E973D5B600CD2" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Formica" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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|
<emphasis id="8795014D95DB2FB14A3B148F0B994413" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">Formica</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
, to which it certainly cannot belong. Further, by designating a neotype we permanently fix this name to a known specimen that is both preserved in perpetuity in the PMJ Pa collection and is available for global evaluation via the cybertype data. Finally, there is no possibility beyond egregious error for this taxon to be used as an Eocene calibration for
|
|
<taxonomicName id="AA342DCC2F8D62777A3994BC557ABAF4" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pheidole" order="Psocodea" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="58663BBB8B8661DD0A5A00E8AC9BD971" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">Pheidole</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
as the neotype is from 14C-dated copal. (copal
|
|
<emphasis id="E58B11D8B855A2A5E4E33DE1DEEA7B12" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">sensu lato</emphasis>
|
|
).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection id="ED264D4B7F8A9EBF933248B683DE4350" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" type="remarks">
|
|
<paragraph id="4730A39AC89AD4F4BE28BAE3C11BB2F8" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">
|
|
Remarks on Afrotropical
|
|
<taxonomicName id="9C49B05F8B389F7E43A6737A37A60F62" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pheidole" order="Psocodea" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="A1125FC03DAF4E8E4718BA3CF728F891" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">Pheidole</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="CC12B1E7E725E3E8C3A5560BA4749E05" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">
|
|
It is widely appreciated among myrmecologists working on
|
|
<taxonomicName id="C0001F53170B099CE21D7415334719AE" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pheidole" order="Psocodea" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="5C46AAD3DA823C84677F57CB12662061" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">Pheidole</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
that the genus is in severe need of revision both globally and in the Afrotropical region (
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="DB560A729F7785037076CD3DB114BFA8" author="Wilson, EO" journalOrPublisher="Psyche (Cambridge)" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" refId="B338" refString="Wilson, EO, 2003. Pheidole in the New World. A dominant, hyperdiverse ant genus. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, [ix +] 794 pp." title="Pheidole in the New World. A dominant, hyperdiverse ant genus. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, [ix +] 794 pp." year="2003">Wilson 2003</bibRefCitation>
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;
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|
<bibRefCitation id="7F06296A2964CC31DFDCBCC4858D96D3" DOI="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3232.1.1" author="Fischer, G" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" pagination="1 - 43" refId="B111" refString="Fischer, G, Hita Jaloszynsk, F, Peters, MK, 2012. Taxonomy of the ant genus Pheidole Westwood (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in the Afrotropical zoogeographic region: definition of species groups and systematic revision of the Pheidole pulchella group. Zootaxa 3232: 1 - 43, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3232.1.1" title="Taxonomy of the ant genus Pheidole Westwood (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in the Afrotropical zoogeographic region: definition of species groups and systematic revision of the Pheidole pulchella group." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3232.1.1" volume="3232" year="2012">Fischer et al. 2012</bibRefCitation>
|
|
;
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="C732EA72709EE4C9ECF439FD34378765" DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.543.6050" author="Sarnat, EM" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" pagination="1 - 109" refId="B274" refString="Sarnat, EM, Fischer, G, Guenard, B, Economo, EP, 2015. Introduced Pheidole of the world: Taxonomy, biology and distribution. ZooKeys 543: 1 - 109, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.543.6050" title="Introduced Pheidole of the world: Taxonomy, biology and distribution." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.543.6050" volume="543" year="2015">Sarnat et al. 2015</bibRefCitation>
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), which is also the particular case for the
|
|
<taxonomicName id="980DB4F140B4EE19FEDDA7017278D569" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1793" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pheidole megacephala" order="Psocodea" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="megacephala">
|
|
<emphasis id="9B1127D9A33CB2F359CE0B1FB463AC8A" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">Pheidole megacephala</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
species group (
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="5CF3172F56AAE4A31C45A485C7E8C5F1" DOI="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3232.1.1" author="Fischer, G" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" pagination="1 - 43" refId="B111" refString="Fischer, G, Hita Jaloszynsk, F, Peters, MK, 2012. Taxonomy of the ant genus Pheidole Westwood (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in the Afrotropical zoogeographic region: definition of species groups and systematic revision of the Pheidole pulchella group. Zootaxa 3232: 1 - 43, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3232.1.1" title="Taxonomy of the ant genus Pheidole Westwood (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in the Afrotropical zoogeographic region: definition of species groups and systematic revision of the Pheidole pulchella group." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3232.1.1" volume="3232" year="2012">Fischer et al. 2012</bibRefCitation>
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|
;
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="0E8E5B6DE69DBD4F06DDF9E50168501D" DOI="https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.13263" author="Salata, S" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" refId="B269" refString="Salata, S, Fisher, BL, 2022. Taxonomic revision of the Pheidole megacephala species-group (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) from the Malagasy Region. PeerJ 10: e13263. https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.13263" title="Taxonomic revision of the Pheidole megacephala species-group (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) from the Malagasy Region. PeerJ 10: e 13263." url="https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.13263" year="2022">Salata and Fisher 2022</bibRefCitation>
|
|
). While we would strongly prefer to not provide a one-off description of a
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4FBA1A20100362B7ABAB30FF667C233B" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pheidole" order="Psocodea" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="A7A39ECE39A79D5D029668CF6A792AE9" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">Pheidole</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
due to this complicated problem, we accept this as necessary and acceptable only in order to resolve the problem of ‡
|
|
<taxonomicName id="A41039EC4CB1A47887D58C6EF2CBEAFD" class="Insecta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ph. cordata" order="Neuroptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cordata">
|
|
<emphasis id="3A1B6FA770402251F48645FA6C4D9E35" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">Ph. cordata</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
, which is otherwise an irksome thorn-in-the-side bestowed upon generations of us by the well-meaning cataloging work of
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="2791A9775BBC88836B3D375954920712" author="Holl, F" journalOrPublisher="Neue Denkschriften der Allgemeinen Schweizerischen Gesellschaft fuer die Gesammten Naturwissenschaften" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" refId="B148" refString="Holl, F, 1829. Handbuch der Petrefactenkunde. Bd. 2 [part]. P. O. Hilschersche Buchhandlung, Dresden, 117-232." title="Handbuch der Petrefactenkunde. Bd. 2 [part]. P. O. Hilschersche Buchhandlung, Dresden, 117 - 232." year="1829">Holl (1829)</bibRefCitation>
|
|
.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="53FA2970E20E346712E1C9168855F4B2" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">
|
|
Although ‡
|
|
<taxonomicName id="332AE8850B261D0A8DD56CB9C1EC0E41" class="Insecta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ph. cordata" order="Neuroptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cordata">
|
|
<emphasis id="EFF960952D1D6D3D02263895D1D8406B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">Ph. cordata</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
as typified here cannot be included in barcoding or phylogenomic datasets given its poor soft tissue preservation, it is our hope that the
|
|
<normalizedToken id="6F0DF8C766E77219474B8FDA8F096A47" originalValue="SR-µ-CT">SR-µ-CT</normalizedToken>
|
|
data may allow the confident and quantitative placement of this species among the species allied to
|
|
<taxonomicName id="DC196281CFD11B6DC9AD88C7BFF5C1E5" class="Insecta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ph. megacephala" order="Neuroptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="megacephala">
|
|
<emphasis id="FB8E8829D14403A08CAA8BAD2DEE4377" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">Ph. megacephala</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
via a dedicated revision of this species group. As noted in our diagnosis above, the neotype of ‡
|
|
<taxonomicName id="6016939A3EDE063A00C64ACD040C9DE4" class="Insecta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ph. cordata" order="Neuroptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cordata">
|
|
<emphasis id="A6CC919B6034F35E7879435BFA5A1409" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">Ph. cordata</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
(PMJ Pa 5889) is most similar to
|
|
<taxonomicName id="09A9AC91F0549B56AEEFD9E62F632157" class="Insecta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ph. megacephala subsp. impressifrons" order="Neuroptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="megacephala" subSpecies="impressifrons">
|
|
<emphasis id="F6CA8D51C03FAE986D4170828E507060" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">Ph. megacephala impressifrons</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
, being most starkly distinguished from this form by the form of the postpetiolar sternum in lateral view. Notably, the form of the medial hypostomal teeth has not been recorded for the various forms of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="9255823E6BB932C885B90D1365619D65" class="Insecta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ph. megacephala" order="Neuroptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="megacephala">
|
|
<emphasis id="BE9C70FD6F3F8B71CC74780A5E60C738" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">Ph. megacephala</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
and similar species (e.g.,
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="CD6DE9689E2FDDFDC82DF4491AB1776E" DOI="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3232.1.1" author="Fischer, G" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" pagination="1 - 43" refId="B111" refString="Fischer, G, Hita Jaloszynsk, F, Peters, MK, 2012. Taxonomy of the ant genus Pheidole Westwood (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in the Afrotropical zoogeographic region: definition of species groups and systematic revision of the Pheidole pulchella group. Zootaxa 3232: 1 - 43, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3232.1.1" title="Taxonomy of the ant genus Pheidole Westwood (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in the Afrotropical zoogeographic region: definition of species groups and systematic revision of the Pheidole pulchella group." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3232.1.1" volume="3232" year="2012">Fischer et al. 2012</bibRefCitation>
|
|
). Whether the newly typified species ‡
|
|
<taxonomicName id="3E80E965D9FE9703469F4703FD83AE0B" class="Insecta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ph. cordata" order="Neuroptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cordata">
|
|
<emphasis id="8DE6D82E56E74016DF80B5E24134A4CD" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">Ph. cordata</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
is extant is an open question; it is plausible that the historical habitat has been destroyed, hence this species may be considered a candidate Lazarus taxon. Further exploration of known Afrotropical copal
|
|
<emphasis id="BBA97F906F1A70D045DD7E2533845DD2" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">sensu lato</emphasis>
|
|
and extant myrmecofauna will be of considerable value.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="911035B4641C73D74263ED0062130264" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">
|
|
3.3.3. Order
|
|
<taxonomicName id="1855C21A4BC57281EA790ED8F9BD0785" class="Insecta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Neuroptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Neuroptera</taxonomicName>
|
|
: Synopsis of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="2D1CDECF68FA751F255304776E50A6DD" class="Insecta" family="Nevrorthidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Neuroptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Nevrorthidae</taxonomicName>
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="4D0422D2AD3F9A69E3399C0BA177410A" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">
|
|
3.3.3.1. Family
|
|
<taxonomicName id="CE05C3230F5752B925A5544B8FF9D995" class="Insecta" family="Nevrorthidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Neuroptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Nevrorthidae</taxonomicName>
|
|
Nakahara, 1915. [Note 1]
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="331D768109E86EBC40798B0349961CB2" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">
|
|
I. Genus †
|
|
<taxonomicName id="F07C96AE82CA2275387AFCBB1DDC7252" authorityName="Wichard" authorityYear="2016" class="Insecta" family="Nevrorthidae" genus="Balticoneurorthus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Balticoneurorthus" order="Neuroptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="AD400F314933685082DCB3C7C2AB7EDF" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">Balticoneurorthus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
Wichard, 2016.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="5EFC8828FDA868CC7A4074FB990E2EDF" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">A. Baltic ambers [Eocene, 37.8-33.9 Mya].</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="59BF2584148D1CBCFFB898EC5E135F43" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">
|
|
1. †
|
|
<taxonomicName id="45E9E358665D767C252CD3F56CE4F484" authorityName="Gray, 1849: 7 (Not Trimeresurus Elegans Gray" authorityYear="1853" class="Gastropoda" family="Charopidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ba. elegans" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="elegans">
|
|
<emphasis id="5B1C43E5CE59BF208302683428735A67" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">Ba. elegans</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
Wichard, 2016. [m].
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="023785D937A0A38096140BD03D5005D2" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">
|
|
II. Genus †
|
|
<taxonomicName id="3156BD22476244668A84A90C6505912C" genus="Cretarhopalis" lsidName="Cretarhopalis" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="DC4100D461201934BA343E3EB4DB5003" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">Cretarhopalis</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
Wichard, 2017.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="8CB6777AA714F8B9BB5305954209C900" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">B. Kachin amber [Myanmar; Cretaceous, 99.6-93.5 Mya].</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="E480E110422D065C34BCE2CB63982E52" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">
|
|
1. †
|
|
<taxonomicName id="68EE333AF9C58C363DC180C00175DD33" lsidName="Crh. patrickmuelleri" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rank="species" species="patrickmuelleri">
|
|
<emphasis id="88FFB2E3B762013322CD3BBFD934566A" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">Crh. patrickmuelleri</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
Wichard, 2017. [f].
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="FDCCC4C8DD3B81A4BD42263D01F74416" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">
|
|
III. Genus †
|
|
<taxonomicName id="A1FA4ACC78676AC1183566C51B0111E2" genus="Electroneurorthrus" lsidName="Electroneurorthrus" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="CD16C53234EB7B3F8A6B7643BAD4CD99" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">Electroneurorthrus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
Wichard, Buder & Caruso, 2010.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="0740BB7DE50242396DE70E6238058B8F" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">A. Baltic ambers [see above].</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="085FF6F0F2CBA4F443D01ADD3AAC822C" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">
|
|
1. †
|
|
<taxonomicName id="BF8BE01B2A4A71631EC6E6FF6A03F689" lsidName="El. malickyi" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rank="species" species="malickyi">
|
|
<emphasis id="C93DAA0022B0F22C7280D019C6599934" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">El. malickyi</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
Wichard, Buder & Caruso, 2010. [f].
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="68B8452E55EDFC8BE96174EAACF2E2A8" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">
|
|
IV. Genus †
|
|
<taxonomicName id="AB218B550E9B9FFB4D6D15C386B2BAA4" genus="Girafficervix" lsidName="Girafficervix" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="85B6A8E3CA5CB63B2645D0D6E0221083" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">Girafficervix</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
Du, Niu & Bao, 2023.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="897C32B547F08201A519DDA797EB90DA" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">C. Daohugou shale [China; Jurassic, 166.1-157.3 Mya].</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="0F2FDCC424D534AF1D4A56992622CCA2" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">
|
|
1. †
|
|
<taxonomicName id="62FA8916691BC2C96A6FECB76668D0B9" lsidName="G. baii" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rank="species" species="baii">
|
|
<emphasis id="374B94FB5B6D8FADFB93EDAEF857E102" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">G. baii</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
(Du, Niu & Bao, 2023). [l].
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="286A32BF4B25266F2484A322CF8A5ACE" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">
|
|
V. Genus †
|
|
<taxonomicName id="74ED10CE458A09E4644C903125ACF243" authorityName="Wichard" authorityYear="2009" class="Arachnida" family="Nevrorthidae" genus="Palaeoneurorthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Palaeoneurorthus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="9B56F016D452B3B42B53DC29320550A3" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">Palaeoneurorthus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
Wichard, 2009.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="BF36B7411D8A7FF265BD947FFF33A9D7" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">A. Baltic ambers [see above].</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="9A43066C7FDE2952DC8295F3398784CA" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">
|
|
1. †
|
|
<taxonomicName id="8FE91596EE0E2C5A24B88728C817756D" lsidName="Pa. bifurcatus" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rank="species" species="bifurcatus">
|
|
<emphasis id="BAC38A0C872F9E8E6DA2782CBE2C853D" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">Pa. bifurcatus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
Wichard, 2009. [m].
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="3606B23F17AA59B00E9A9BF635B5CD9F" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">
|
|
2. †
|
|
<taxonomicName id="1185281E3DCC4D4F72120E16F8600573" lsidName="Pa. eocaenus" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rank="species" species="eocaenus">
|
|
<emphasis id="771B5DC93753F1D18CD35C5004D196B4" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">Pa. eocaenus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
Wichard, 2016. [m].
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="3C33D1B2096F3FC4503822FA8B465A0B" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">
|
|
3. †
|
|
<taxonomicName id="783F12AF8E18258D70157360BC269EDB" lsidName="Pa. groehni" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rank="species" species="groehni">
|
|
<emphasis id="200847B839797A3371DD89F8B75539EC" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">Pa. groehni</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
Wichard, Buder & Caruso, 2010. [m].
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="490C3CD1906667CD5B64719731D77994" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">
|
|
4. †
|
|
<taxonomicName id="6E46D285D9FAA8638FE0DA24804568F5" lsidName="Pa. hoffeinsorum" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rank="species" species="hoffeinsorum">
|
|
<emphasis id="F2EF3390764FEC5AC3F264B7F0C1C288" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">Pa. hoffeinsorum</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
Wichard, 2009. [m]. [Type species!].
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="04B47C6DEC1407B1025AA032E849BD7B" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">
|
|
VI. Genus †
|
|
<taxonomicName id="B3FBC3F398F876DB4674D685DBCEA63E" class="Insecta" family="Berothidae" genus="Proberotha" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Proberotha" order="Neuroptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="D18189BBABFEBC7C1448D2E099BA1201" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">Proberotha</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
<normalizedToken id="8CB7F331CCE41BF99E08DB73E0D3425E" originalValue="Krüger">Krueger</normalizedToken>
|
|
, 1923.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="B396FB8833F718F780ECBD86402E5856" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">A. Baltic ambers [see above].</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="FC9C2437DBF1C301603D79F0AE7CB101" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">
|
|
1. †
|
|
<taxonomicName id="8C883110BF51F882B04514C9E8F07DA2" lsidName="Pr. dichotoma" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rank="species" species="dichotoma">
|
|
<emphasis id="AF65F6D4D093B0DAB64E8B5DDF41CAA8" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">Pr. dichotoma</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
Wichard, 2016. [f].
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="DF82F22F9998FA5AB01862B8E1FE26AD" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">
|
|
2. †
|
|
<taxonomicName id="7224F4DC4720DD615F95A2EF1C60CEB5" lsidName="Pr. eocaenus" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rank="species" species="eocaenus">
|
|
<emphasis id="326421EB048C735ED3D3771FAC91C58B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">Pr. eocaenus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
<normalizedToken id="D149C0091FEBFDC16833C402556D568A" originalValue="Krüger">Krueger</normalizedToken>
|
|
, 1923. [m, f]. [Type species!].
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="F04B2D2C41C4D77B42BE5D947EF7D670" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">
|
|
VII. Genus †
|
|
<taxonomicName id="C2FA8F26A31520DFF29D828A15209B5A" genus="Rhopalis" lsidName="Rhopalis" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="C3AD889E19F472E803DF92CFC1A35A5E" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">Rhopalis</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
Pictet, 1854.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="40E9A4D12361AE547FE10467228BD2C9" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">A. Baltic ambers [see above].</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="E7637E76D17A73866348F5254FE6B8DD" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">
|
|
1. †
|
|
<taxonomicName id="CAC7D7A880C361A2B5BEDF02F7A6D181" lsidName="Rh. relicta" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rank="species" species="relicta">
|
|
<emphasis id="DC1C822551B5D918AA45EB91313380D3" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">Rh. relicta</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
Pictet, 1854. [f, m]. (See also:
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="A58D6CAA1A27094A992915DCA80A23DE" author="Wichard, W" journalOrPublisher="Denisia" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" pagination="445 - 457" refId="B331" refString="Wichard, W, Buder, T, Caruso, C, 2010. Aquatic lacewings of family Nevrorthidae (Neuroptera) in Baltic amber. Denisia 29: 445 - 457" title="Aquatic lacewings of family Nevrorthidae (Neuroptera) in Baltic amber." volume="29" year="2010">Wichard et al. 2010</bibRefCitation>
|
|
.)
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="A8A25CE4962F3593AD2727ECCA54331A" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">
|
|
VIII. Genus †
|
|
<taxonomicName id="0F9FA1A4C60FCE20BFD25AA22EB9BB59" authorityName="Nakamine, Yamamoto, Takahashi & Liu" authorityYear="2023" class="Insecta" family="Nevrorthidae" genus="Sisyroneurorthus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sisyroneurorthus" order="Neuroptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="088E79064D9C86B4854DA29B88C067DA" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">Sisyroneurorthus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
Nakamine, Yamamoto, Takahashi & Liu, 2023.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="0E34B05F549021949E28E03A9D822D83" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">B. Kachin amber [see above].</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="3F38A4352722C4199CF98C4232E4C153" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">
|
|
1. †
|
|
<taxonomicName id="BE36F92418EE0891CA07F1FB001FA28A" lsidName="S. aspoeckorum" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rank="species" species="aspoeckorum">
|
|
<emphasis id="D3167EC60728367459B12AC865C5D0B3" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">S. aspoeckorum</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="7FEADE57607BDEF442BB9066417BF643" DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/dez.70.98873" author="Nakamine, H" journalOrPublisher="Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" pagination="113 - 120" refId="B215" refString="Nakamine, H, Yamamoto, S, Takahashi, Y, Liu, XY, 2023. A remarkable new genus of Nevrorthidae (Neuroptera, Osmyloidea) from mid-Cretaceous Kachin amber of northern Myanmar. Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 70: 113 - 120, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/dez.70.98873" title="A remarkable new genus of Nevrorthidae (Neuroptera, Osmyloidea) from mid-Cretaceous Kachin amber of northern Myanmar." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/dez.70.98873" volume="70" year="2023">Nakamine et al., 2023</bibRefCitation>
|
|
. [f].
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="89FB8B56FC14982167CB8AC068DDBE70" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">
|
|
<emphasis id="BD8879680FE57860CCE53DBE16B98353" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">Note 1.</emphasis>
|
|
Six of the eight fossil genera of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="986E7DB3170870086848EF6C3619B649" class="Insecta" family="Nevrorthidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Neuroptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Nevrorthidae</taxonomicName>
|
|
are monotypic. For those two genera that have more than one species attributed to them, the type species is indicated.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="68FB7CD102A24380A773EA2C76920595" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">
|
|
3.3.3.2. Genus
|
|
<taxonomicName id="0E8E6A3ACE07CE27030A3D7207DB4320" authorityName="Wichard" authorityYear="2009" class="Arachnida" family="Nevrorthidae" genus="Palaeoneurorthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Palaeoneurorthus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="548DBDC2491E3509870721538187152D" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">Palaeoneurorthus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
Wichard, 2009
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
</treatment>
|
|
</document> |