925 lines
122 KiB
XML
925 lines
122 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5263.1.1" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7797711" ID-ZooBank="3386FD59-2075-4F6A-8B21-B36C7F463EA9" approvalRequired="1" approvalRequired_for_treatments="1" checkinTime="1680598306417" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Carvalho, Pedro Henrique Mendes, Junta, Vitor Gabriel Pereira, Castro-Souza, Rodrigo Antônio & Ferreira, Rodrigo Lopes" docDate="2023" docId="B3578783FFA5E841FF44F90CFB2B89F8" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5263.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5263 (1)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-04-22-0755-PDN" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Endecous (Endecous) zaum Carvalho & Junta & Castro-Souza & Ferreira 2023, n. sp." docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="32" masterDocId="4F6EFFFBFFB3E85EFFD3FFC4FF988B42" masterDocTitle="Three new cricket species and a new subgenus of Endecous Saussure, 1878 (Grylloidea: Phalangopsidae) from caves in northeastern Brazil" masterLastPageNumber="39" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="23" updateTime="1680598885212" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Three new cricket species and a new subgenus of Endecous Saussure, 1878 (Grylloidea: Phalangopsidae) from caves in northeastern Brazil</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Carvalho, Pedro Henrique Mendes</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Centro de Estudos em Biologia Subterrânea (www. biologiasubterranea. com. br), Setor de Biodiversidade Subterrânea, Departamento de Ecologia e Conservação, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Cx Postal 3037, Campus Universitário, CEP 37200 - 000, Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brazil.</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Junta, Vitor Gabriel Pereira</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Centro de Estudos em Biologia Subterrânea (www. biologiasubterranea. com. br), Setor de Biodiversidade Subterrânea, Departamento de Ecologia e Conservação, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Cx Postal 3037, Campus Universitário, CEP 37200 - 000, Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brazil.</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Castro-Souza, Rodrigo Antônio</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Conservação da Biodiversidade, Departamento de Botânica e Ecologia, Universidade Federal do Mato Grosso, Rua Fernando Corrêa da Costa 2367, Cuiabá, 78060 - 900, Brazil.</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Ferreira, Rodrigo Lopes</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Centro de Estudos em Biologia Subterrânea (www. biologiasubterranea. com. br), Setor de Biodiversidade Subterrânea, Departamento de Ecologia e Conservação, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Cx Postal 3037, Campus Universitário, CEP 37200 - 000, Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brazil.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title>Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2023</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2023-04-04</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>5263</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="issue">
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<mods:number>1</mods:number>
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
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<mods:end>39</mods:end>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-04-22-0755-PDN</mods:url>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.5263.1.1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">7797711</mods:identifier>
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<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7797753" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7797753" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:B3578783FFA5E841FF44F90CFB2B89F8" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/B3578783FFA5E841FF44F90CFB2B89F8" lastPageId="31" lastPageNumber="32" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
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<subSubSection box="[151,562,1736,1763]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph blockId="22.[151,848,1736,1799]" box="[151,562,1736,1763]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
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<heading bold="true" box="[151,562,1736,1763]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" reason="1">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,562,1736,1763]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
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<taxonomicName authority="Carvalho & Junta & Castro-Souza & Ferreira, 2023" authorityName="Carvalho & Junta & Castro-Souza & Ferreira" authorityYear="2023" box="[151,488,1736,1763]" class="Insecta" family="Phalangopsidae" genus="Endecous" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="zaum" status="n. sp." subGenus="Endecous">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,270,1736,1763]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Endecous</emphasis>
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||
(
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||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[287,406,1736,1763]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Endecous</emphasis>
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||
)
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||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[423,488,1737,1763]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">zaum</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[496,562,1737,1763]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[151,848,1773,1799]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="description">
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<paragraph blockId="22.[151,848,1736,1799]" box="[151,848,1773,1799]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
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(
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||
<figureCitation box="[159,324,1773,1799]" captionStart="FIGURES 67–71" captionStartId="25.[151,264,1832,1856]" captionTargetBox="[219,1369,196,1787]" captionTargetId="figure-20@25.[219,1369,181,1808]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="FIGURES 67–71. Endecous (Endecous) zaum n. sp. (ISLA 104855) phallic complex. (67) dorsal view, (68) ventral view, (69) laterofrontal view, (70) frontal view, (71) lateral view. Abbreviations: A, pseudepiphallic ventral branch (or “A” sclerite); Ps.arm, pseudepiphallic arm; Ps.db, pseudepiphallic dorsal branch; Ps.ib, pseudepiphallic inner bars; R, pseudepiphallic rami (or pseudepiphallic membranous shield); Ps.P, pseudepiphallic paramere; Ect.ap, ectophallic apodeme; Ect.arc, ectophallic arc; Ect.lb, ectophallic lateral bar; Ect.mp, ectophallic median projection; End.sc.a, endophallic sclerite anterior portion; End. sc.d, endophallic sclerite duct; End.sc.p, endophallic sclerite posterior portion." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7797757" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7797757/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
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||
Figures 67
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||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[280,294,1773,1799]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">–</emphasis>
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||
71
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||
</figureCitation>
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||
,
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||
<figureCitation box="[336,408,1773,1799]" captionStart="FIGURES 72–80" captionStartId="26.[151,264,1868,1892]" captionTargetBox="[206,1382,181,1844]" captionTargetId="figure-25@26.[206,1382,181,1844]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="FIGURES 72–80. Endecous (Endecous) zaum n. sp. (ISLA 104854) male general morphology. (72) pronotum in dorsal view; (73) right tegmen in dorsal view, harp highlighted in light blue, mirror highlighted in green, basal field highlighted in pink; (74) head in dorsal view; (75) head in frontal view; (76) head and palpi in lateral view, compound eye highlighted; (77) pronotum and tegmen in lateral view; (78) supra-anal and sub-genital plates in lateral view; (79) sub-genital plate in ventral view; (80) supra-anal plate in dorsal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7797759" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7797759/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
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||
72
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[364,378,1773,1799]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">–</emphasis>
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||
80
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||
</figureCitation>
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||
,
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||
<figureCitation box="[420,492,1773,1799]" captionStart="FIGURES 81–82" captionStartId="27.[151,264,900,924]" captionTargetBox="[168,1420,181,877]" captionTargetId="figure-20@27.[168,1420,181,877]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="FIGURES 81–82. Endecous (Endecous) zaum n. sp. (ISLA 104852) proventriculus. (81) row of sclerotized appendices; (82) sclerotized appendix.Abbreviations: mt, median tooth; md, median denticles; lt, lateral tooth; ld, lateral denticles; sl, sclerotized lobe." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7797761" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7797761/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
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||
81
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||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[448,462,1773,1799]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">–</emphasis>
|
||
82
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||
</figureCitation>
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||
,
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||
<figureCitation box="[504,576,1773,1799]" captionStart="FIGURES 83–86" captionStartId="27.[151,264,1941,1965]" captionTargetBox="[159,1428,1021,1918]" captionTargetId="figure-65@27.[159,1428,1021,1918]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="FIGURES 83–86. Endecous (Endecous) zaum n. sp. (ISLA 104854) left legs. (83) leg III, subapical and apical spurs, inner view (84) leg III, subapical and apical spurs, outer view (85) legs I and II, apical spurs, third small spur (α) at the apex of the tibia, outer view (86) legs I and II, apical spurs and tympanum, third small spur (β) at the apex of the tibia inner view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7797763" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7797763/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
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83
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||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[532,546,1773,1799]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">–</emphasis>
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||
86
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||
</figureCitation>
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||
,
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||
<figureCitation box="[588,661,1773,1799]" captionStart="FIGURES 87–92" captionStartId="28.[151,264,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[179,1408,181,1920]" captionTargetId="figure-25@28.[179,1408,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="FIGURES 87–92. Endecous (Endecous) zaum n. sp. right tegmen, dorsal and lateral view. (87) paratype, ISLA 104854; (88) paratype, ISLA 104853; (89) holotype, ISLA 104855; (90) paratype, ISLA104856; (91) paratype, ISLA 104858; (92) paratype, ISLA 104859." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7797765" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7797765/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
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||
87
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||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[616,630,1773,1799]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">–</emphasis>
|
||
92
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||
</figureCitation>
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||
,
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||
<figureCitation box="[672,745,1773,1799]" captionStart="FIGURES 93–97" captionStartId="29.[151,264,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[179,1408,181,1920]" captionTargetId="figure-20@29.[179,1408,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId="29" captionText="FIGURES 93–97. Endecous (Endecous) zaum n. sp. habitat. (93) Serra Verde cave, external environment; (94) Serra Verde cave, entrance; (95) Serra Verde cave, internal environment; (96) adult male of E. (E.) zaum n. sp.; (97) cattle in the cave surroundings." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7797767" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7797767/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
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||
93
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||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[700,714,1773,1799]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">–</emphasis>
|
||
97
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<tableCitation box="[756,839,1773,1799]" captionStart="TABLE 3" captionStartId="30.[151,239,681,707]" captionText="TABLE 3. Endecous (Endecous) zaum n. sp., morphological measurements (mm), mean (M) and standard deviation (SD) of four male adult specimens; (*) unable to measure due to head being damaged; (#) leg III missing; pars stridens refers to the number of teeth of the stridulatory file." pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Table 3</tableCitation>
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||
)
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection lastPageId="23" lastPageNumber="24" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="materials_examined">
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||
<paragraph blockId="22.[151,1436,1844,2017]" lastBlockId="23.[151,1437,150,2013]" lastPageId="23" lastPageNumber="24" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,389,1844,1870]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Material examined.</emphasis>
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||
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2021-09-20" collectionCode="R" collectorName="L. Ferreira" country="Brazil" latitude="-13.724455" location="Serra Verde cave" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-44.324123" municipality="Coribe" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" specimenCount="2" stateProvince="Bahia" typeStatus="holotype">
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||
<emphasis box="[401,504,1845,1871]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
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||
<typeStatus box="[401,504,1845,1871]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Holotype</typeStatus>
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||
</emphasis>
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||
, ♁, code ISL 104855,
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||
<collectingCountry box="[783,854,1845,1871]" name="Brazil" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Brazil</collectingCountry>
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||
,
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||
<collectingRegion box="[870,938,1845,1871]" country="Brazil" name="Bahia" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Bahia</collectingRegion>
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, municipality of
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<collectingMunicipality box="[1142,1221,1845,1871]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Coribe</collectingMunicipality>
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,
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||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:B3578783FFA5E841FF44F90CFB2B89F8:3E21604EFFA5E848FB06F8F1FA048C0D" box="[1237,1436,1845,1871]" country="Brazil" latitude="-13.724455" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-44.324123" municipality="Coribe" name="Serra Verde cave" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" stateProvince="Bahia">Serra Verde cave</location>
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(
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<geoCoordinate box="[159,335,1882,1909]" degrees="44" direction="west" minutes="19" orientation="longitude" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" precision="1" seconds="26.85" value="-44.324123">44°19′26.85″W</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate box="[347,514,1882,1909]" degrees="13" direction="south" minutes="43" orientation="latitude" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" precision="1" seconds="28.04" value="-13.724455">13°43′28.04″S</geoCoordinate>
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),
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<date box="[535,657,1881,1907]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" value="2021-09-20">
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<collectingDate box="[535,657,1881,1907]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" value="2021-09-20">20.ix.2021</collectingDate>
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</date>
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,
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<collectionCode box="[669,691,1881,1907]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">R</collectionCode>
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.
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<collectorName box="[695,819,1881,1907]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">L. Ferreira</collectorName>
|
||
; condition: right tegmen, left legs and phallic complex were detached/dissected and stored alongside the
|
||
<typeStatus box="[734,836,1917,1943]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">holotype</typeStatus>
|
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</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2021-09-20" collectionCode="R" collectorName="L. Ferreira" country="Iceland" latitude="-13.724455" location="Coribe" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-44.324123" municipality="Serra Verde cave" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
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<emphasis box="[851,965,1917,1942]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
|
||
<typeStatus box="[851,965,1917,1942]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
, 9 ♁♁,
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[1068,1129,1917,1943]" name="Iceland" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">ISLA</collectingCountry>
|
||
104852, 104853, 104854, municipality of
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<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:B3578783FFA5E841FF44F90CFB2B89F8:3E21604EFFA5E848FE9BF865FE0F8CF9" box="[328,407,1953,1979]" country="Iceland" latitude="-13.724455" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-44.324123" municipality="Serra Verde cave" name="Coribe" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Coribe</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality box="[417,603,1953,1979]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Serra Verde cave</collectingMunicipality>
|
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(
|
||
<geoCoordinate box="[617,793,1954,1981]" degrees="44" direction="west" minutes="19" orientation="longitude" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" precision="1" seconds="26.85" value="-44.324123">44°19′26.85″W</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate box="[803,970,1954,1981]" degrees="13" direction="south" minutes="43" orientation="latitude" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" precision="1" seconds="28.04" value="-13.724455">13°43′28.04″S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
),
|
||
<date box="[989,1111,1953,1979]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" value="2021-09-20">
|
||
<collectingDate box="[989,1111,1953,1979]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" value="2021-09-20">20.ix.2021</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectionCode box="[1121,1143,1953,1979]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">R</collectionCode>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectorName box="[1147,1269,1953,1979]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">L. Ferreira</collectorName>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2022-08-25" collectionCode="R" collectorName="L. Ferreira" country="Iceland" lastPageId="23" lastPageNumber="24" latitude="-13.646025" location="Coribe" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-44.20222" municipality="Gruna do Enfurnado cave" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[1279,1340,1953,1979]" name="Iceland" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">ISLA</collectingCountry>
|
||
104856, 104857, municipality of
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:B3578783FFA5E841FF44F90CFB2B89F8:3E21604EFFA5E848FE68F801FD928C9D" box="[443,522,1989,2015]" country="Iceland" latitude="-13.646025" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-44.20222" municipality="Gruna do Enfurnado cave" name="Coribe" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Coribe</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality box="[538,842,1989,2015]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Gruna do Enfurnado cave</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
(
|
||
<geoCoordinate box="[862,1024,1990,2017]" degrees="44" direction="west" minutes="12" orientation="longitude" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" precision="1" seconds="7.99" value="-44.20222">44°12′7.99″W</geoCoordinate>
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,
|
||
<geoCoordinate box="[1040,1207,1990,2017]" degrees="13" direction="south" minutes="38" orientation="latitude" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" precision="1" seconds="45.69" value="-13.646025">13°38′45.69″S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
),
|
||
<date box="[1232,1370,1988,2015]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" value="2022-08-25">
|
||
<collectingDate box="[1232,1370,1988,2015]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" value="2022-08-25">25.viii.2022</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectionCode box="[1386,1408,1989,2015]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">R</collectionCode>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectorName lastPageId="23" lastPageNumber="24" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">L. Ferreira</collectorName>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2022-08-24" collectionCode="R" collectorName="L. Ferreira" country="Iceland" latitude="-13.770986" location="Coribe" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-44.23459" municipality="Gruna do Zeferini cave" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[255,316,151,177]" name="Iceland" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">ISLA</collectingCountry>
|
||
104858, 104859, 104860, 104861, municipality of
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:B3578783FFA5E841FF44F90CFB2B89F8:3E21604EFFA4E849FC57FF53FC4B8BF3" box="[900,979,151,177]" country="Iceland" latitude="-13.770986" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-44.23459" municipality="Gruna do Zeferini cave" name="Coribe" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Coribe</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality box="[991,1253,151,177]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Gruna do Zeferini cave</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
(
|
||
<geoCoordinate box="[1269,1432,152,179]" degrees="44" direction="west" minutes="14" orientation="longitude" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" precision="1" seconds="4.52" value="-44.23459">44°14′4.52′′W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate box="[151,318,188,215]" degrees="13" direction="south" minutes="46" orientation="latitude" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" precision="1" seconds="15.55" value="-13.770986">13°46′15.55″S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
),
|
||
<date box="[338,476,187,213]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" value="2022-08-24">
|
||
<collectingDate box="[338,476,187,213]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" value="2022-08-24">24.viii.2022</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectionCode box="[487,509,187,213]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">R</collectionCode>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectorName box="[513,636,187,213]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">L. Ferreira</collectorName>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="23" pageNumber="24" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="23.[151,1437,150,2013]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,334,223,249]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Etymology.</emphasis>
|
||
The epithet “zaum” is a Russian term composed by the prefix
|
||
<emphasis box="[1005,1030,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">ЗА</emphasis>
|
||
(beyond) and
|
||
<emphasis box="[1185,1215,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">ум</emphasis>
|
||
(mind, knowledge). Hence, it literally means “beyond knowledge”. This term should be treated as a noun in apposition.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="31" lastPageNumber="32" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="23.[151,1437,150,2013]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,322,294,320]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
|
||
Combination of the following characteristics: pseudepiphallic dorsal branches (Ps.db) elongated, dorsally projected and pointing to the center of the phallic complex, distal portion turning inwards abruptly in relation to the proximal portion; pseudepiphallic ventral branches (A) elongated, apex dilated and rounded; pseudepiphallic inner bars (Ps.ib) flat and inclined inwards; pseudepiphallic rami (R) developed, forming a membranous shield that covers the most proximal portion of the ectophallic apodeme; ectophallic arc (Ect.arc) rounded at the posterior and anterior middle portions; ectophallic lateral bars (Ect.lb) elongated, sinuous and rounded at the apex; endophallic sclerite anterior portion (End.sc.a) with a crest on the opposite side of its central groove.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="23.[151,1437,150,2013]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,347,547,573]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Morphology</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<typeStatus box="[363,461,547,573]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[470,531,547,573]" name="Iceland" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">ISLA</collectingCountry>
|
||
104854,
|
||
<figureCitation box="[638,777,547,573]" captionStart="FIGURES 72–80" captionStartId="26.[151,264,1868,1892]" captionTargetBox="[206,1382,181,1844]" captionTargetId="figure-25@26.[206,1382,181,1844]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="FIGURES 72–80. Endecous (Endecous) zaum n. sp. (ISLA 104854) male general morphology. (72) pronotum in dorsal view; (73) right tegmen in dorsal view, harp highlighted in light blue, mirror highlighted in green, basal field highlighted in pink; (74) head in dorsal view; (75) head in frontal view; (76) head and palpi in lateral view, compound eye highlighted; (77) pronotum and tegmen in lateral view; (78) supra-anal and sub-genital plates in lateral view; (79) sub-genital plate in ventral view; (80) supra-anal plate in dorsal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7797759" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7797759/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Figs. 72–80</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[797,937,547,573]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Body color:</emphasis>
|
||
dorsal head yellowish brown with irregular brown patches; pronotum yellowish brown; abdomen brown dorsally and whitish ventrally (Figs. 72,74–80); entire legs yellowish brown, whitish at their proximal portion (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[782,919,619,645]" captionStart="FIGURES 83–86" captionStartId="27.[151,264,1941,1965]" captionTargetBox="[159,1428,1021,1918]" captionTargetId="figure-65@27.[159,1428,1021,1918]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="FIGURES 83–86. Endecous (Endecous) zaum n. sp. (ISLA 104854) left legs. (83) leg III, subapical and apical spurs, inner view (84) leg III, subapical and apical spurs, outer view (85) legs I and II, apical spurs, third small spur (α) at the apex of the tibia, outer view (86) legs I and II, apical spurs and tympanum, third small spur (β) at the apex of the tibia inner view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7797763" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7797763/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Figs. 83–86</figureCitation>
|
||
); cerci brown at the base and yellowish brown towards the apex (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[353,436,655,681]" captionStart="FIGURES 72–80" captionStartId="26.[151,264,1868,1892]" captionTargetBox="[206,1382,181,1844]" captionTargetId="figure-25@26.[206,1382,181,1844]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="FIGURES 72–80. Endecous (Endecous) zaum n. sp. (ISLA 104854) male general morphology. (72) pronotum in dorsal view; (73) right tegmen in dorsal view, harp highlighted in light blue, mirror highlighted in green, basal field highlighted in pink; (74) head in dorsal view; (75) head in frontal view; (76) head and palpi in lateral view, compound eye highlighted; (77) pronotum and tegmen in lateral view; (78) supra-anal and sub-genital plates in lateral view; (79) sub-genital plate in ventral view; (80) supra-anal plate in dorsal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7797759" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7797759/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Fig. 78</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[454,518,655,681]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Head</emphasis>
|
||
: slightly pubescent, elongated in frontal view; front brown; gena yellowish brown; fastigium with long bristles, extending the vertex in an inclined plane pointing downwards; clypeus and labrum whitish; mandibles yellowish brown and more sclerotized at the apex and margins; maxiles whitish and more sclerotized at the apex (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[422,508,762,789]" captionStart="FIGURES 72–80" captionStartId="26.[151,264,1868,1892]" captionTargetBox="[206,1382,181,1844]" captionTargetId="figure-25@26.[206,1382,181,1844]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="FIGURES 72–80. Endecous (Endecous) zaum n. sp. (ISLA 104854) male general morphology. (72) pronotum in dorsal view; (73) right tegmen in dorsal view, harp highlighted in light blue, mirror highlighted in green, basal field highlighted in pink; (74) head in dorsal view; (75) head in frontal view; (76) head and palpi in lateral view, compound eye highlighted; (77) pronotum and tegmen in lateral view; (78) supra-anal and sub-genital plates in lateral view; (79) sub-genital plate in ventral view; (80) supra-anal plate in dorsal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7797759" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7797759/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Fig. 75</figureCitation>
|
||
); all maxillary palpomeres pubescent, the first two whitish, short and same-sized, the other three palpomeres yellowish brown and longer, the palpomere V (
|
||
<quantity box="[1028,1134,799,825]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.81" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" unit="mm" value="1.81">1.81 mm</quantity>
|
||
) is claviform and whitish at the apex (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[300,388,835,861]" captionStart="FIGURES 72–80" captionStartId="26.[151,264,1868,1892]" captionTargetBox="[206,1382,181,1844]" captionTargetId="figure-25@26.[206,1382,181,1844]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="FIGURES 72–80. Endecous (Endecous) zaum n. sp. (ISLA 104854) male general morphology. (72) pronotum in dorsal view; (73) right tegmen in dorsal view, harp highlighted in light blue, mirror highlighted in green, basal field highlighted in pink; (74) head in dorsal view; (75) head in frontal view; (76) head and palpi in lateral view, compound eye highlighted; (77) pronotum and tegmen in lateral view; (78) supra-anal and sub-genital plates in lateral view; (79) sub-genital plate in ventral view; (80) supra-anal plate in dorsal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7797759" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7797759/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Fig. 76</figureCitation>
|
||
); all labial palpomeres light yellowish brown, pubescent, increasing in size, the third one dilated from base to apex, which is whitish (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[673,760,871,897]" captionStart="FIGURES 72–80" captionStartId="26.[151,264,1868,1892]" captionTargetBox="[206,1382,181,1844]" captionTargetId="figure-25@26.[206,1382,181,1844]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="FIGURES 72–80. Endecous (Endecous) zaum n. sp. (ISLA 104854) male general morphology. (72) pronotum in dorsal view; (73) right tegmen in dorsal view, harp highlighted in light blue, mirror highlighted in green, basal field highlighted in pink; (74) head in dorsal view; (75) head in frontal view; (76) head and palpi in lateral view, compound eye highlighted; (77) pronotum and tegmen in lateral view; (78) supra-anal and sub-genital plates in lateral view; (79) sub-genital plate in ventral view; (80) supra-anal plate in dorsal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7797759" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7797759/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Fig. 76</figureCitation>
|
||
); scape, pedicel and flagellomeres yellowish brown, distal portion whitish (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[342,429,907,933]" captionStart="FIGURES 72–80" captionStartId="26.[151,264,1868,1892]" captionTargetBox="[206,1382,181,1844]" captionTargetId="figure-25@26.[206,1382,181,1844]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="FIGURES 72–80. Endecous (Endecous) zaum n. sp. (ISLA 104854) male general morphology. (72) pronotum in dorsal view; (73) right tegmen in dorsal view, harp highlighted in light blue, mirror highlighted in green, basal field highlighted in pink; (74) head in dorsal view; (75) head in frontal view; (76) head and palpi in lateral view, compound eye highlighted; (77) pronotum and tegmen in lateral view; (78) supra-anal and sub-genital plates in lateral view; (79) sub-genital plate in ventral view; (80) supra-anal plate in dorsal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7797759" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7797759/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Fig. 76</figureCitation>
|
||
); compound eyes reduced, ommatidia black; ocelli absent (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1112,1199,907,933]" captionStart="FIGURES 46–47" captionStartId="18.[151,264,919,943]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,895]" captionTargetId="figure-25@18.[151,1435,181,895]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURES 46–47. Endecous (Endecous) zin n. sp. (ISLA 104848) proventriculus. (46) row of sclerotized appendices; (47) sclerotizedappendix.Abbreviations:mt,mediantooth;md,mediandenticles;lt,lateraltooth;ld,lateraldenticles;sl,sclerotizedlobe" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7797741" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7797741/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Fig. 46</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1221,1310,907,933]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Thorax</emphasis>
|
||
: pronotum lateroanterior and lateroposterior regions with long bristles; dorsal disk broader than long (2.55 and
|
||
<quantity box="[1303,1406,942,969]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.51" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" unit="mm" value="3.51">3.51 mm</quantity>
|
||
in length and width, respectively), lateral lobes rounded and leaning towards the anterior portion of the body, anterior and posterior margins arched and sub-straight (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[697,884,1015,1041]" captionStart="FIGURES 72–80" captionStartId="26.[151,264,1868,1892]" captionTargetBox="[206,1382,181,1844]" captionTargetId="figure-25@26.[206,1382,181,1844]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="FIGURES 72–80. Endecous (Endecous) zaum n. sp. (ISLA 104854) male general morphology. (72) pronotum in dorsal view; (73) right tegmen in dorsal view, harp highlighted in light blue, mirror highlighted in green, basal field highlighted in pink; (74) head in dorsal view; (75) head in frontal view; (76) head and palpi in lateral view, compound eye highlighted; (77) pronotum and tegmen in lateral view; (78) supra-anal and sub-genital plates in lateral view; (79) sub-genital plate in ventral view; (80) supra-anal plate in dorsal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7797759" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7797759/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Figs. 72 and 77</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[907,963,1015,1041]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Legs</emphasis>
|
||
: femur, tibia and tarsus pubescent (
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="FIGURES 83–86" captionStartId="27.[151,264,1941,1965]" captionTargetBox="[159,1428,1021,1918]" captionTargetId="figure-65@27.[159,1428,1021,1918]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="FIGURES 83–86. Endecous (Endecous) zaum n. sp. (ISLA 104854) left legs. (83) leg III, subapical and apical spurs, inner view (84) leg III, subapical and apical spurs, outer view (85) legs I and II, apical spurs, third small spur (α) at the apex of the tibia, outer view (86) legs I and II, apical spurs and tympanum, third small spur (β) at the apex of the tibia inner view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7797763" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7797763/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Figs. 83–86</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<emphasis box="[243,300,1051,1076]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Leg I</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation box="[314,488,1050,1077]" captionStart="FIGURES 83–86" captionStartId="27.[151,264,1941,1965]" captionTargetBox="[159,1428,1021,1918]" captionTargetId="figure-65@27.[159,1428,1021,1918]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="FIGURES 83–86. Endecous (Endecous) zaum n. sp. (ISLA 104854) left legs. (83) leg III, subapical and apical spurs, inner view (84) leg III, subapical and apical spurs, outer view (85) legs I and II, apical spurs, third small spur (α) at the apex of the tibia, outer view (86) legs I and II, apical spurs and tympanum, third small spur (β) at the apex of the tibia inner view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7797763" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7797763/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Figs. 85 and 86</figureCitation>
|
||
): tibia slightly longer than the femur, with an oval tympanum on its inner side and two same-sized ventral apical spurs, first tarsomere ventrally serrated and longer than the second and third tarsomeres together.
|
||
<emphasis box="[255,322,1123,1148]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Leg II</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation box="[336,511,1122,1149]" captionStart="FIGURES 83–86" captionStartId="27.[151,264,1941,1965]" captionTargetBox="[159,1428,1021,1918]" captionTargetId="figure-65@27.[159,1428,1021,1918]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="FIGURES 83–86. Endecous (Endecous) zaum n. sp. (ISLA 104854) left legs. (83) leg III, subapical and apical spurs, inner view (84) leg III, subapical and apical spurs, outer view (85) legs I and II, apical spurs, third small spur (α) at the apex of the tibia, outer view (86) legs I and II, apical spurs and tympanum, third small spur (β) at the apex of the tibia inner view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7797763" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7797763/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Figs. 85 and 86</figureCitation>
|
||
): tibia slightly longer than the femur, with two same-sized ventral apical spurs, first tarsomere ventrally serrated and longer than the second and third tarsomeres together.
|
||
<emphasis box="[1143,1222,1159,1184]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Leg III</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1239,1423,1159,1185]" captionStart="FIGURES 83–86" captionStartId="27.[151,264,1941,1965]" captionTargetBox="[159,1428,1021,1918]" captionTargetId="figure-65@27.[159,1428,1021,1918]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="FIGURES 83–86. Endecous (Endecous) zaum n. sp. (ISLA 104854) left legs. (83) leg III, subapical and apical spurs, inner view (84) leg III, subapical and apical spurs, outer view (85) legs I and II, apical spurs, third small spur (α) at the apex of the tibia, outer view (86) legs I and II, apical spurs and tympanum, third small spur (β) at the apex of the tibia inner view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7797763" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7797763/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Figs. 83 and 84</figureCitation>
|
||
): femur developed; tibia longer than the femur (12.49 and
|
||
<quantity box="[798,913,1195,1221]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.099" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" unit="mm" value="10.99">10.99 mm</quantity>
|
||
respectively); tibia armed with four subapical spurs on the outer side, the distal being the shortest, and three on the inner side, the proximal being the shortest, three apical spurs on the outer side (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[490,573,1267,1293]" captionStart="FIGURES 83–86" captionStartId="27.[151,264,1941,1965]" captionTargetBox="[159,1428,1021,1918]" captionTargetId="figure-65@27.[159,1428,1021,1918]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="FIGURES 83–86. Endecous (Endecous) zaum n. sp. (ISLA 104854) left legs. (83) leg III, subapical and apical spurs, inner view (84) leg III, subapical and apical spurs, outer view (85) legs I and II, apical spurs, third small spur (α) at the apex of the tibia, outer view (86) legs I and II, apical spurs and tympanum, third small spur (β) at the apex of the tibia inner view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7797763" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7797763/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Fig. 84</figureCitation>
|
||
; a, b, c), spur “a” being the longest and “c” the shortest, and four on the inner side (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[213,297,1303,1329]" captionStart="FIGURES 83–86" captionStartId="27.[151,264,1941,1965]" captionTargetBox="[159,1428,1021,1918]" captionTargetId="figure-65@27.[159,1428,1021,1918]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="FIGURES 83–86. Endecous (Endecous) zaum n. sp. (ISLA 104854) left legs. (83) leg III, subapical and apical spurs, inner view (84) leg III, subapical and apical spurs, outer view (85) legs I and II, apical spurs, third small spur (α) at the apex of the tibia, outer view (86) legs I and II, apical spurs and tympanum, third small spur (β) at the apex of the tibia inner view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7797763" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7797763/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Fig. 83</figureCitation>
|
||
; d, e, f, g), spurs “e” and “f” longer than the “d” and “g”; first tarsomere longer than the second and third tarsomeres together, with two apical spurs, the inner one being the longest.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1043,1203,1338,1365]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Right tegmen</emphasis>
|
||
: slightly sclerotized; covering the first three urotergites (5.22 and
|
||
<quantity box="[660,761,1375,1401]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.17" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" unit="mm" value="4.17">4.17 mm</quantity>
|
||
in length and width, respectively);
|
||
<emphasis box="[1165,1218,1375,1401]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">harp</emphasis>
|
||
with five cells and four well-marked crossveins, the two most proximal ones share the same origin point, a fifth crossvein is visible, but short and does not reach the opposite margin of the harp;
|
||
<emphasis box="[798,872,1447,1472]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">mirror</emphasis>
|
||
with two distinct crossveins and three cells;
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">basal field</emphasis>
|
||
with a single and short secondary vein connecting Cu2 to 1A;
|
||
<emphasis box="[931,1064,1483,1509]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">lateral field</emphasis>
|
||
with two longitudinal veins and several irregular and weakly marked veins (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[634,716,1519,1545]" captionStart="FIGURES 72–80" captionStartId="26.[151,264,1868,1892]" captionTargetBox="[206,1382,181,1844]" captionTargetId="figure-25@26.[206,1382,181,1844]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="FIGURES 72–80. Endecous (Endecous) zaum n. sp. (ISLA 104854) male general morphology. (72) pronotum in dorsal view; (73) right tegmen in dorsal view, harp highlighted in light blue, mirror highlighted in green, basal field highlighted in pink; (74) head in dorsal view; (75) head in frontal view; (76) head and palpi in lateral view, compound eye highlighted; (77) pronotum and tegmen in lateral view; (78) supra-anal and sub-genital plates in lateral view; (79) sub-genital plate in ventral view; (80) supra-anal plate in dorsal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7797759" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7797759/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Fig. 73</figureCitation>
|
||
);
|
||
<emphasis box="[736,910,1519,1545]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">stridulatory file</emphasis>
|
||
with 95 teeth.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1071,1188,1518,1544]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Abdomen</emphasis>
|
||
: cerci pubescent, with globose setae at the base, mainly on the inner side, and long bristles throughout all their extension; sub-genital plate whitish brown, U-shaped, proximal margin broader than the distal margin, which is rounded (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1213,1298,1591,1617]" captionStart="FIGURES 72–80" captionStartId="26.[151,264,1868,1892]" captionTargetBox="[206,1382,181,1844]" captionTargetId="figure-25@26.[206,1382,181,1844]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="FIGURES 72–80. Endecous (Endecous) zaum n. sp. (ISLA 104854) male general morphology. (72) pronotum in dorsal view; (73) right tegmen in dorsal view, harp highlighted in light blue, mirror highlighted in green, basal field highlighted in pink; (74) head in dorsal view; (75) head in frontal view; (76) head and palpi in lateral view, compound eye highlighted; (77) pronotum and tegmen in lateral view; (78) supra-anal and sub-genital plates in lateral view; (79) sub-genital plate in ventral view; (80) supra-anal plate in dorsal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7797759" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7797759/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Fig. 79</figureCitation>
|
||
); supra-anal plate yellowish-brown, subtriangular, distal margin rounded lateral projections short and slightly curved outwards (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[159,244,1663,1689]" captionStart="FIGURES 72–80" captionStartId="26.[151,264,1868,1892]" captionTargetBox="[206,1382,181,1844]" captionTargetId="figure-25@26.[206,1382,181,1844]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="FIGURES 72–80. Endecous (Endecous) zaum n. sp. (ISLA 104854) male general morphology. (72) pronotum in dorsal view; (73) right tegmen in dorsal view, harp highlighted in light blue, mirror highlighted in green, basal field highlighted in pink; (74) head in dorsal view; (75) head in frontal view; (76) head and palpi in lateral view, compound eye highlighted; (77) pronotum and tegmen in lateral view; (78) supra-anal and sub-genital plates in lateral view; (79) sub-genital plate in ventral view; (80) supra-anal plate in dorsal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7797759" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7797759/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Fig. 80</figureCitation>
|
||
); paraprocts as long as the supra-anal plate, projecting themselves laterally and, therefore, visible in dorsal view (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[221,399,1699,1725]" captionStart="FIGURES 72–80" captionStartId="26.[151,264,1868,1892]" captionTargetBox="[206,1382,181,1844]" captionTargetId="figure-25@26.[206,1382,181,1844]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="FIGURES 72–80. Endecous (Endecous) zaum n. sp. (ISLA 104854) male general morphology. (72) pronotum in dorsal view; (73) right tegmen in dorsal view, harp highlighted in light blue, mirror highlighted in green, basal field highlighted in pink; (74) head in dorsal view; (75) head in frontal view; (76) head and palpi in lateral view, compound eye highlighted; (77) pronotum and tegmen in lateral view; (78) supra-anal and sub-genital plates in lateral view; (79) sub-genital plate in ventral view; (80) supra-anal plate in dorsal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7797759" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7797759/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Figs. 78 and 80</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="23.[151,1437,150,2013]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,376,1734,1760]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Proventriculus</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<typeStatus box="[390,488,1735,1761]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[496,557,1735,1761]" name="Iceland" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">ISLA</collectingCountry>
|
||
104852,
|
||
<figureCitation box="[661,797,1735,1761]" captionStart="FIGURES 81–82" captionStartId="27.[151,264,900,924]" captionTargetBox="[168,1420,181,877]" captionTargetId="figure-20@27.[168,1420,181,877]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="FIGURES 81–82. Endecous (Endecous) zaum n. sp. (ISLA 104852) proventriculus. (81) row of sclerotized appendices; (82) sclerotized appendix.Abbreviations: mt, median tooth; md, median denticles; lt, lateral tooth; ld, lateral denticles; sl, sclerotized lobe." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7797761" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7797761/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Figs. 81–82</figureCitation>
|
||
). Proventriculus internally organized in six rows of 11 or 12 overlaid sclerotized appendices (sa); sclerotized lobes (sl) bearing a cluster of bristles are visible on each side of the sclerotized appendices; sclerotized appendices formed by a median tooth (mt), with at least five, but up to nine median denticles (md), and two lateral teeth (lt), with several lateral denticles (ld); median denticles short and rounded at the tip; lateral denticles also short and rounded at the tip; the most posterior median tooth bears two or three short median denticles; the most posterior sclerotized appendix does not have a median tooth.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="23.[151,1437,150,2013]" lastBlockId="24.[151,1437,151,1941]" lastPageId="24" lastPageNumber="25" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,453,1950,1977]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Male phallic sclerites</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<typeStatus box="[469,569,1951,1977]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[576,637,1951,1977]" name="Iceland" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">ISLA</collectingCountry>
|
||
104855,
|
||
<figureCitation box="[744,881,1951,1977]" captionStart="FIGURES 67–71" captionStartId="25.[151,264,1832,1856]" captionTargetBox="[219,1369,196,1787]" captionTargetId="figure-20@25.[219,1369,181,1808]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="FIGURES 67–71. Endecous (Endecous) zaum n. sp. (ISLA 104855) phallic complex. (67) dorsal view, (68) ventral view, (69) laterofrontal view, (70) frontal view, (71) lateral view. Abbreviations: A, pseudepiphallic ventral branch (or “A” sclerite); Ps.arm, pseudepiphallic arm; Ps.db, pseudepiphallic dorsal branch; Ps.ib, pseudepiphallic inner bars; R, pseudepiphallic rami (or pseudepiphallic membranous shield); Ps.P, pseudepiphallic paramere; Ect.ap, ectophallic apodeme; Ect.arc, ectophallic arc; Ect.lb, ectophallic lateral bar; Ect.mp, ectophallic median projection; End.sc.a, endophallic sclerite anterior portion; End. sc.d, endophallic sclerite duct; End.sc.p, endophallic sclerite posterior portion." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7797757" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7797757/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Figs. 67–71</figureCitation>
|
||
). Phallic complex broadened at the proximal and central portions, with an almost trapezoidal contour in dorsal and ventral views (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1040,1214,1987,2013]" captionStart="FIGURES 67–71" captionStartId="25.[151,264,1832,1856]" captionTargetBox="[219,1369,196,1787]" captionTargetId="figure-20@25.[219,1369,181,1808]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="FIGURES 67–71. Endecous (Endecous) zaum n. sp. (ISLA 104855) phallic complex. (67) dorsal view, (68) ventral view, (69) laterofrontal view, (70) frontal view, (71) lateral view. Abbreviations: A, pseudepiphallic ventral branch (or “A” sclerite); Ps.arm, pseudepiphallic arm; Ps.db, pseudepiphallic dorsal branch; Ps.ib, pseudepiphallic inner bars; R, pseudepiphallic rami (or pseudepiphallic membranous shield); Ps.P, pseudepiphallic paramere; Ect.ap, ectophallic apodeme; Ect.arc, ectophallic arc; Ect.lb, ectophallic lateral bar; Ect.mp, ectophallic median projection; End.sc.a, endophallic sclerite anterior portion; End. sc.d, endophallic sclerite duct; End.sc.p, endophallic sclerite posterior portion." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7797757" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7797757/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Figs. 67 and 68</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1232,1436,1986,2012]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Pseudepiphallus:</emphasis>
|
||
arms short and inclined inwards in dorsal view (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[670,750,151,177]" captionStart="FIGURES 67–71" captionStartId="25.[151,264,1832,1856]" captionTargetBox="[219,1369,196,1787]" captionTargetId="figure-20@25.[219,1369,181,1808]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="FIGURES 67–71. Endecous (Endecous) zaum n. sp. (ISLA 104855) phallic complex. (67) dorsal view, (68) ventral view, (69) laterofrontal view, (70) frontal view, (71) lateral view. Abbreviations: A, pseudepiphallic ventral branch (or “A” sclerite); Ps.arm, pseudepiphallic arm; Ps.db, pseudepiphallic dorsal branch; Ps.ib, pseudepiphallic inner bars; R, pseudepiphallic rami (or pseudepiphallic membranous shield); Ps.P, pseudepiphallic paramere; Ect.ap, ectophallic apodeme; Ect.arc, ectophallic arc; Ect.lb, ectophallic lateral bar; Ect.mp, ectophallic median projection; End.sc.a, endophallic sclerite anterior portion; End. sc.d, endophallic sclerite duct; End.sc.p, endophallic sclerite posterior portion." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7797757" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7797757/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Fig. 67</figureCitation>
|
||
, Ps.arm); dorsal branches long, projecting dorsally towards the center of the phallic complex, with the distal half virtually perpendicular to the proximal half in dorsal view, apexes slightly dilated, rounded at the tip and almost touching each other in frontal view (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1063,1145,223,249]" captionStart="FIGURES 67–71" captionStartId="25.[151,264,1832,1856]" captionTargetBox="[219,1369,196,1787]" captionTargetId="figure-20@25.[219,1369,181,1808]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="FIGURES 67–71. Endecous (Endecous) zaum n. sp. (ISLA 104855) phallic complex. (67) dorsal view, (68) ventral view, (69) laterofrontal view, (70) frontal view, (71) lateral view. Abbreviations: A, pseudepiphallic ventral branch (or “A” sclerite); Ps.arm, pseudepiphallic arm; Ps.db, pseudepiphallic dorsal branch; Ps.ib, pseudepiphallic inner bars; R, pseudepiphallic rami (or pseudepiphallic membranous shield); Ps.P, pseudepiphallic paramere; Ect.ap, ectophallic apodeme; Ect.arc, ectophallic arc; Ect.lb, ectophallic lateral bar; Ect.mp, ectophallic median projection; End.sc.a, endophallic sclerite anterior portion; End. sc.d, endophallic sclerite duct; End.sc.p, endophallic sclerite posterior portion." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7797757" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7797757/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Fig. 70</figureCitation>
|
||
, Ps.db); “A” sclerite welldeveloped, elongated and dilated at the apex, with a rounded tip (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[872,1007,259,285]" captionStart="FIGURES 67–71" captionStartId="25.[151,264,1832,1856]" captionTargetBox="[219,1369,196,1787]" captionTargetId="figure-20@25.[219,1369,181,1808]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="FIGURES 67–71. Endecous (Endecous) zaum n. sp. (ISLA 104855) phallic complex. (67) dorsal view, (68) ventral view, (69) laterofrontal view, (70) frontal view, (71) lateral view. Abbreviations: A, pseudepiphallic ventral branch (or “A” sclerite); Ps.arm, pseudepiphallic arm; Ps.db, pseudepiphallic dorsal branch; Ps.ib, pseudepiphallic inner bars; R, pseudepiphallic rami (or pseudepiphallic membranous shield); Ps.P, pseudepiphallic paramere; Ect.ap, ectophallic apodeme; Ect.arc, ectophallic arc; Ect.lb, ectophallic lateral bar; Ect.mp, ectophallic median projection; End.sc.a, endophallic sclerite anterior portion; End. sc.d, endophallic sclerite duct; End.sc.p, endophallic sclerite posterior portion." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7797757" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7797757/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Figs. 69–71</figureCitation>
|
||
, A); paramere 1 and 2 fused in a single circular and concave structure, bean-shaped in frontal view, distal region highly sclerotized, ventral region exceeding the length of the dorsal branches in both dorsal and ventral views, dorsal portion sclerotized, forming a scythe-like edge that reaches the ventral side of the posterior portion of the ectophallic median projections (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1215,1296,367,393]" captionStart="FIGURES 67–71" captionStartId="25.[151,264,1832,1856]" captionTargetBox="[219,1369,196,1787]" captionTargetId="figure-20@25.[219,1369,181,1808]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="FIGURES 67–71. Endecous (Endecous) zaum n. sp. (ISLA 104855) phallic complex. (67) dorsal view, (68) ventral view, (69) laterofrontal view, (70) frontal view, (71) lateral view. Abbreviations: A, pseudepiphallic ventral branch (or “A” sclerite); Ps.arm, pseudepiphallic arm; Ps.db, pseudepiphallic dorsal branch; Ps.ib, pseudepiphallic inner bars; R, pseudepiphallic rami (or pseudepiphallic membranous shield); Ps.P, pseudepiphallic paramere; Ect.ap, ectophallic apodeme; Ect.arc, ectophallic arc; Ect.lb, ectophallic lateral bar; Ect.mp, ectophallic median projection; End.sc.a, endophallic sclerite anterior portion; End. sc.d, endophallic sclerite duct; End.sc.p, endophallic sclerite posterior portion." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7797757" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7797757/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Fig. 67</figureCitation>
|
||
, Ps.p); inner bars flat and slightly inclined downwards in dorsal view (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[805,889,403,429]" captionStart="FIGURES 67–71" captionStartId="25.[151,264,1832,1856]" captionTargetBox="[219,1369,196,1787]" captionTargetId="figure-20@25.[219,1369,181,1808]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="FIGURES 67–71. Endecous (Endecous) zaum n. sp. (ISLA 104855) phallic complex. (67) dorsal view, (68) ventral view, (69) laterofrontal view, (70) frontal view, (71) lateral view. Abbreviations: A, pseudepiphallic ventral branch (or “A” sclerite); Ps.arm, pseudepiphallic arm; Ps.db, pseudepiphallic dorsal branch; Ps.ib, pseudepiphallic inner bars; R, pseudepiphallic rami (or pseudepiphallic membranous shield); Ps.P, pseudepiphallic paramere; Ect.ap, ectophallic apodeme; Ect.arc, ectophallic arc; Ect.lb, ectophallic lateral bar; Ect.mp, ectophallic median projection; End.sc.a, endophallic sclerite anterior portion; End. sc.d, endophallic sclerite duct; End.sc.p, endophallic sclerite posterior portion." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7797757" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7797757/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Fig. 67</figureCitation>
|
||
, Ps.ib); rami developed, forming a membranous shield that covers only the proximal portion of the ectophallic apodeme in lateral view (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1159,1243,439,465]" captionStart="FIGURES 67–71" captionStartId="25.[151,264,1832,1856]" captionTargetBox="[219,1369,196,1787]" captionTargetId="figure-20@25.[219,1369,181,1808]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="FIGURES 67–71. Endecous (Endecous) zaum n. sp. (ISLA 104855) phallic complex. (67) dorsal view, (68) ventral view, (69) laterofrontal view, (70) frontal view, (71) lateral view. Abbreviations: A, pseudepiphallic ventral branch (or “A” sclerite); Ps.arm, pseudepiphallic arm; Ps.db, pseudepiphallic dorsal branch; Ps.ib, pseudepiphallic inner bars; R, pseudepiphallic rami (or pseudepiphallic membranous shield); Ps.P, pseudepiphallic paramere; Ect.ap, ectophallic apodeme; Ect.arc, ectophallic arc; Ect.lb, ectophallic lateral bar; Ect.mp, ectophallic median projection; End.sc.a, endophallic sclerite anterior portion; End. sc.d, endophallic sclerite duct; End.sc.p, endophallic sclerite posterior portion." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7797757" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7797757/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Fig. 71</figureCitation>
|
||
, R).
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Ectophallic invagination:</emphasis>
|
||
arc well-developed, wide, dome-shaped at both posterior and anterior central parts in ventral view (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[159,241,511,537]" captionStart="FIGURES 67–71" captionStartId="25.[151,264,1832,1856]" captionTargetBox="[219,1369,196,1787]" captionTargetId="figure-20@25.[219,1369,181,1808]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="FIGURES 67–71. Endecous (Endecous) zaum n. sp. (ISLA 104855) phallic complex. (67) dorsal view, (68) ventral view, (69) laterofrontal view, (70) frontal view, (71) lateral view. Abbreviations: A, pseudepiphallic ventral branch (or “A” sclerite); Ps.arm, pseudepiphallic arm; Ps.db, pseudepiphallic dorsal branch; Ps.ib, pseudepiphallic inner bars; R, pseudepiphallic rami (or pseudepiphallic membranous shield); Ps.P, pseudepiphallic paramere; Ect.ap, ectophallic apodeme; Ect.arc, ectophallic arc; Ect.lb, ectophallic lateral bar; Ect.mp, ectophallic median projection; End.sc.a, endophallic sclerite anterior portion; End. sc.d, endophallic sclerite duct; End.sc.p, endophallic sclerite posterior portion." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7797757" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7797757/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Fig. 68</figureCitation>
|
||
, Ect.arc); apodeme developed and slightly curved inwards in dorsal view (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1064,1146,511,537]" captionStart="FIGURES 67–71" captionStartId="25.[151,264,1832,1856]" captionTargetBox="[219,1369,196,1787]" captionTargetId="figure-20@25.[219,1369,181,1808]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="FIGURES 67–71. Endecous (Endecous) zaum n. sp. (ISLA 104855) phallic complex. (67) dorsal view, (68) ventral view, (69) laterofrontal view, (70) frontal view, (71) lateral view. Abbreviations: A, pseudepiphallic ventral branch (or “A” sclerite); Ps.arm, pseudepiphallic arm; Ps.db, pseudepiphallic dorsal branch; Ps.ib, pseudepiphallic inner bars; R, pseudepiphallic rami (or pseudepiphallic membranous shield); Ps.P, pseudepiphallic paramere; Ect.ap, ectophallic apodeme; Ect.arc, ectophallic arc; Ect.lb, ectophallic lateral bar; Ect.mp, ectophallic median projection; End.sc.a, endophallic sclerite anterior portion; End. sc.d, endophallic sclerite duct; End.sc.p, endophallic sclerite posterior portion." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7797757" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7797757/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Fig. 67</figureCitation>
|
||
, Ect.ap); lateral bars welldeveloped, sinuous, slightly inclined inwards, longer than the ectophallic median projections, with a rounded apex and almost touching the parameres in ventral view (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[724,806,583,609]" captionStart="FIGURES 67–71" captionStartId="25.[151,264,1832,1856]" captionTargetBox="[219,1369,196,1787]" captionTargetId="figure-20@25.[219,1369,181,1808]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="FIGURES 67–71. Endecous (Endecous) zaum n. sp. (ISLA 104855) phallic complex. (67) dorsal view, (68) ventral view, (69) laterofrontal view, (70) frontal view, (71) lateral view. Abbreviations: A, pseudepiphallic ventral branch (or “A” sclerite); Ps.arm, pseudepiphallic arm; Ps.db, pseudepiphallic dorsal branch; Ps.ib, pseudepiphallic inner bars; R, pseudepiphallic rami (or pseudepiphallic membranous shield); Ps.P, pseudepiphallic paramere; Ect.ap, ectophallic apodeme; Ect.arc, ectophallic arc; Ect.lb, ectophallic lateral bar; Ect.mp, ectophallic median projection; End.sc.a, endophallic sclerite anterior portion; End. sc.d, endophallic sclerite duct; End.sc.p, endophallic sclerite posterior portion." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7797757" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7797757/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Fig. 68</figureCitation>
|
||
, Ect.lb); median projections slender, elongated, reaching the parameres, slender and slightly curved outwards in dorsal view (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[902,983,619,645]" captionStart="FIGURES 67–71" captionStartId="25.[151,264,1832,1856]" captionTargetBox="[219,1369,196,1787]" captionTargetId="figure-20@25.[219,1369,181,1808]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="FIGURES 67–71. Endecous (Endecous) zaum n. sp. (ISLA 104855) phallic complex. (67) dorsal view, (68) ventral view, (69) laterofrontal view, (70) frontal view, (71) lateral view. Abbreviations: A, pseudepiphallic ventral branch (or “A” sclerite); Ps.arm, pseudepiphallic arm; Ps.db, pseudepiphallic dorsal branch; Ps.ib, pseudepiphallic inner bars; R, pseudepiphallic rami (or pseudepiphallic membranous shield); Ps.P, pseudepiphallic paramere; Ect.ap, ectophallic apodeme; Ect.arc, ectophallic arc; Ect.lb, ectophallic lateral bar; Ect.mp, ectophallic median projection; End.sc.a, endophallic sclerite anterior portion; End. sc.d, endophallic sclerite duct; End.sc.p, endophallic sclerite posterior portion." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7797757" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7797757/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Fig. 67</figureCitation>
|
||
, Ect.mp).
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1096,1257,619,645]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Endophallus:</emphasis>
|
||
anterior portion well-developed and sclerotized, with a central groove and a dorsal crest, opposite to the groove in lateral view (
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="FIGURES 67–71" captionStartId="25.[151,264,1832,1856]" captionTargetBox="[219,1369,196,1787]" captionTargetId="figure-20@25.[219,1369,181,1808]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="FIGURES 67–71. Endecous (Endecous) zaum n. sp. (ISLA 104855) phallic complex. (67) dorsal view, (68) ventral view, (69) laterofrontal view, (70) frontal view, (71) lateral view. Abbreviations: A, pseudepiphallic ventral branch (or “A” sclerite); Ps.arm, pseudepiphallic arm; Ps.db, pseudepiphallic dorsal branch; Ps.ib, pseudepiphallic inner bars; R, pseudepiphallic rami (or pseudepiphallic membranous shield); Ps.P, pseudepiphallic paramere; Ect.ap, ectophallic apodeme; Ect.arc, ectophallic arc; Ect.lb, ectophallic lateral bar; Ect.mp, ectophallic median projection; End.sc.a, endophallic sclerite anterior portion; End. sc.d, endophallic sclerite duct; End.sc.p, endophallic sclerite posterior portion." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7797757" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7797757/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Fig. 71</figureCitation>
|
||
, End.sc.a); duct short, membranous throughout all its extension, which subceeds the length of the ectophallic apodeme in ventral view (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[446,530,727,753]" captionStart="FIGURES 67–71" captionStartId="25.[151,264,1832,1856]" captionTargetBox="[219,1369,196,1787]" captionTargetId="figure-20@25.[219,1369,181,1808]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="FIGURES 67–71. Endecous (Endecous) zaum n. sp. (ISLA 104855) phallic complex. (67) dorsal view, (68) ventral view, (69) laterofrontal view, (70) frontal view, (71) lateral view. Abbreviations: A, pseudepiphallic ventral branch (or “A” sclerite); Ps.arm, pseudepiphallic arm; Ps.db, pseudepiphallic dorsal branch; Ps.ib, pseudepiphallic inner bars; R, pseudepiphallic rami (or pseudepiphallic membranous shield); Ps.P, pseudepiphallic paramere; Ect.ap, ectophallic apodeme; Ect.arc, ectophallic arc; Ect.lb, ectophallic lateral bar; Ect.mp, ectophallic median projection; End.sc.a, endophallic sclerite anterior portion; End. sc.d, endophallic sclerite duct; End.sc.p, endophallic sclerite posterior portion." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7797757" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7797757/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Fig. 68</figureCitation>
|
||
, End.sc.d); posterior portion membranous, trapeze-shaped, exceeding the length of the ectophallic median projections considerably and almost reaching the pseudepiphallic dorsal branches at their apexes in dorsal view (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[408,491,799,825]" captionStart="FIGURES 67–71" captionStartId="25.[151,264,1832,1856]" captionTargetBox="[219,1369,196,1787]" captionTargetId="figure-20@25.[219,1369,181,1808]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="FIGURES 67–71. Endecous (Endecous) zaum n. sp. (ISLA 104855) phallic complex. (67) dorsal view, (68) ventral view, (69) laterofrontal view, (70) frontal view, (71) lateral view. Abbreviations: A, pseudepiphallic ventral branch (or “A” sclerite); Ps.arm, pseudepiphallic arm; Ps.db, pseudepiphallic dorsal branch; Ps.ib, pseudepiphallic inner bars; R, pseudepiphallic rami (or pseudepiphallic membranous shield); Ps.P, pseudepiphallic paramere; Ect.ap, ectophallic apodeme; Ect.arc, ectophallic arc; Ect.lb, ectophallic lateral bar; Ect.mp, ectophallic median projection; End.sc.a, endophallic sclerite anterior portion; End. sc.d, endophallic sclerite duct; End.sc.p, endophallic sclerite posterior portion." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7797757" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7797757/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Fig. 67</figureCitation>
|
||
, End.sc.p).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="24.[151,1437,151,1941]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,549,834,860]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Variations in phallic sclerites</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<typeStatus box="[566,678,835,861]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
, n = 6,
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[768,829,835,861]" name="Iceland" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">ISLA</collectingCountry>
|
||
104852, 104853, 104854, 104856, 104860, 104861). Phallic complexes vary slightly in degree of sclerotization; pseudepiphallic arms (Ps.arm) vary subtly in degree of inclination towards the center of the sclerite; pseudepiphallic dorsal branches (Ps.db) always bent abruptly towards the interior of the sclerite, but may not be perpendicular to the pseudepiphallic arms; pseudepiphallic inner bars (Ps. ib) may be more or less inclined to the anterior portion of the phallic complex; anterior margin of the ectophallic arch (Ect.arc) may be more or less curved; ectophallic apodeme (Ect.ap) may be more or less inclined towards the interior of the sclerite; endophallic sclerite posterior portion (End.sc.p) shape varies slightly, yet retains the trapezoidal outline.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="24.[151,1437,151,1941]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,582,1122,1149]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Variations in male right tegmen</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation box="[598,736,1123,1149]" captionStart="FIGURES 87–92" captionStartId="28.[151,264,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[179,1408,181,1920]" captionTargetId="figure-25@28.[179,1408,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="FIGURES 87–92. Endecous (Endecous) zaum n. sp. right tegmen, dorsal and lateral view. (87) paratype, ISLA 104854; (88) paratype, ISLA 104853; (89) holotype, ISLA 104855; (90) paratype, ISLA104856; (91) paratype, ISLA 104858; (92) paratype, ISLA 104859." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7797765" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7797765/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
|
||
Figs. 87
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[690,704,1123,1149]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">–</emphasis>
|
||
92
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[756,949,1122,1148]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Stridulatory file</emphasis>
|
||
with 87.10 ± 5.17 teeth (n° = 10,
|
||
<typeStatus box="[1338,1436,1123,1149]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
and
|
||
<typeStatus box="[199,312,1159,1185]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
).
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[329,393,1159,1185]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Harp</emphasis>
|
||
outline conserved; four or five diagonal crossveins and five or six cells; a short and irregular crossvein may be present (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[460,691,1195,1221]" captionStart="FIGURES 87–92" captionStartId="28.[151,264,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[179,1408,181,1920]" captionTargetId="figure-25@28.[179,1408,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="FIGURES 87–92. Endecous (Endecous) zaum n. sp. right tegmen, dorsal and lateral view. (87) paratype, ISLA 104854; (88) paratype, ISLA 104853; (89) holotype, ISLA 104855; (90) paratype, ISLA104856; (91) paratype, ISLA 104858; (92) paratype, ISLA 104859." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7797765" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7797765/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Figs. 87, 89 and 92</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[713,797,1194,1220]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Mirror</emphasis>
|
||
outline always triangular, with a trapezoidal apex; two complete, V-shaped crossveins (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[510,727,1231,1257]" captionStart="FIGURES 87–92" captionStartId="28.[151,264,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[179,1408,181,1920]" captionTargetId="figure-25@28.[179,1408,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="FIGURES 87–92. Endecous (Endecous) zaum n. sp. right tegmen, dorsal and lateral view. (87) paratype, ISLA 104854; (88) paratype, ISLA 104853; (89) holotype, ISLA 104855; (90) paratype, ISLA104856; (91) paratype, ISLA 104858; (92) paratype, ISLA 104859." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7797765" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7797765/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Figs. 87, 89 and 92</figureCitation>
|
||
), two incomplete veins (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1001,1082,1231,1257]" captionStart="FIGURES 87–92" captionStartId="28.[151,264,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[179,1408,181,1920]" captionTargetId="figure-25@28.[179,1408,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="FIGURES 87–92. Endecous (Endecous) zaum n. sp. right tegmen, dorsal and lateral view. (87) paratype, ISLA 104854; (88) paratype, ISLA 104853; (89) holotype, ISLA 104855; (90) paratype, ISLA104856; (91) paratype, ISLA 104858; (92) paratype, ISLA 104859." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7797765" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7797765/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Fig. 88</figureCitation>
|
||
) one complete vein (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1317,1398,1231,1257]" captionStart="FIGURES 87–92" captionStartId="28.[151,264,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[179,1408,181,1920]" captionTargetId="figure-25@28.[179,1408,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="FIGURES 87–92. Endecous (Endecous) zaum n. sp. right tegmen, dorsal and lateral view. (87) paratype, ISLA 104854; (88) paratype, ISLA 104853; (89) holotype, ISLA 104855; (90) paratype, ISLA104856; (91) paratype, ISLA 104858; (92) paratype, ISLA 104859." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7797765" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7797765/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Fig. 91</figureCitation>
|
||
) or one incomplete vein (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[388,470,1267,1293]" captionStart="FIGURES 87–92" captionStartId="28.[151,264,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[179,1408,181,1920]" captionTargetId="figure-25@28.[179,1408,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="FIGURES 87–92. Endecous (Endecous) zaum n. sp. right tegmen, dorsal and lateral view. (87) paratype, ISLA 104854; (88) paratype, ISLA 104853; (89) holotype, ISLA 104855; (90) paratype, ISLA104856; (91) paratype, ISLA 104858; (92) paratype, ISLA 104859." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7797765" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7797765/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Fig. 90</figureCitation>
|
||
); a third short, diagonal vein may be present (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[966,1047,1267,1293]" captionStart="FIGURES 87–92" captionStartId="28.[151,264,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[179,1408,181,1920]" captionTargetId="figure-25@28.[179,1408,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="FIGURES 87–92. Endecous (Endecous) zaum n. sp. right tegmen, dorsal and lateral view. (87) paratype, ISLA 104854; (88) paratype, ISLA 104853; (89) holotype, ISLA 104855; (90) paratype, ISLA104856; (91) paratype, ISLA 104858; (92) paratype, ISLA 104859." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7797765" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7797765/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Fig. 88</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1066,1189,1266,1293]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Basal field</emphasis>
|
||
outline conserved; 1A may branch out into several irregular and poorly marked veins (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[853,936,1303,1329]" captionStart="FIGURES 87–92" captionStartId="28.[151,264,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[179,1408,181,1920]" captionTargetId="figure-25@28.[179,1408,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="FIGURES 87–92. Endecous (Endecous) zaum n. sp. right tegmen, dorsal and lateral view. (87) paratype, ISLA 104854; (88) paratype, ISLA 104853; (89) holotype, ISLA 104855; (90) paratype, ISLA104856; (91) paratype, ISLA 104858; (92) paratype, ISLA 104859." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7797765" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7797765/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Fig. 88</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[955,1102,1302,1329]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Lateral field</emphasis>
|
||
with two parallel longitudinal veins, which may be curved outwards.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="24.[151,1437,151,1941]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,435,1374,1401]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Ecological remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
Specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Carvalho & Junta & Castro-Souza & Ferreira, 2023" authorityName="Carvalho & Junta & Castro-Souza & Ferreira" authorityYear="2023" box="[594,767,1375,1401]" class="Insecta" family="Phalangopsidae" genus="Endecous" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="zaum" status="n. sp.">
|
||
<emphasis box="[594,767,1375,1401]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Endecous zaum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[772,833,1375,1401]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[772,833,1375,1401]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
were observed in the Serra Verde, Gruna do Enfurnado and Gruna do Zeferini caves. However, many other caves exist in the area (most of them not biologically studied), so it is likely that other populations of
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Carvalho & Junta & Castro-Souza & Ferreira, 2023" authorityName="Carvalho & Junta & Castro-Souza & Ferreira" authorityYear="2023" box="[584,674,1447,1472]" class="Insecta" family="Phalangopsidae" genus="Endecous" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="zaum" status="n. sp.">
|
||
<emphasis box="[584,674,1447,1472]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">E. zaum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[681,743,1447,1473]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[681,743,1447,1473]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
may be found in the future.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="24.[151,1437,151,1941]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
|
||
Serra Verde cave (the
|
||
<typeStatus box="[462,510,1483,1509]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality) has at least 1,730 meters of horizontal projection, but it is still under exploration, so it might be longer than currently known. Even though the cave has a relatively wide entrance (
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="FIGURES 93–97" captionStartId="29.[151,264,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[179,1408,181,1920]" captionTargetId="figure-20@29.[179,1408,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId="29" captionText="FIGURES 93–97. Endecous (Endecous) zaum n. sp. habitat. (93) Serra Verde cave, external environment; (94) Serra Verde cave, entrance; (95) Serra Verde cave, internal environment; (96) adult male of E. (E.) zaum n. sp.; (97) cattle in the cave surroundings." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7797767" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7797767/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Fig. 94</figureCitation>
|
||
), there is a constriction in the main conduit around 20 meters from the entrance, which prevents the locals from accessing the cave interior. The conduit that follows this constriction is relatively dry. Nevertheless, there are signs that the runoff water penetrates the cave in rainy periods. Our team visited the cave during the dry season, hence, the substrates were predominantly dry near the entrance. Nonetheless, it is important to mention that galleries became progressively wetter as depth increased, the conduits at the final portion of the cave being drenched in water (
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="FIGURES 93–97" captionStartId="29.[151,264,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[179,1408,181,1920]" captionTargetId="figure-20@29.[179,1408,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId="29" captionText="FIGURES 93–97. Endecous (Endecous) zaum n. sp. habitat. (93) Serra Verde cave, external environment; (94) Serra Verde cave, entrance; (95) Serra Verde cave, internal environment; (96) adult male of E. (E.) zaum n. sp.; (97) cattle in the cave surroundings." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7797767" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7797767/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Fig. 95</figureCitation>
|
||
). Specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Carvalho & Junta & Castro-Souza & Ferreira, 2023" authorityName="Carvalho & Junta & Castro-Souza & Ferreira" authorityYear="2023" box="[362,452,1735,1760]" class="Insecta" family="Phalangopsidae" genus="Endecous" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="zaum" status="n. sp.">
|
||
<emphasis box="[362,452,1735,1760]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">E. zaum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[460,523,1735,1761]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[460,515,1735,1761]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">n. sp</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
were observed in the humid galleries, far from the entrance, being more frequent in deeper regions of the cave. Individuals were most often seen on the cave floor (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1055,1138,1771,1797]" captionStart="FIGURES 93–97" captionStartId="29.[151,264,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[179,1408,181,1920]" captionTargetId="figure-20@29.[179,1408,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId="29" captionText="FIGURES 93–97. Endecous (Endecous) zaum n. sp. habitat. (93) Serra Verde cave, external environment; (94) Serra Verde cave, entrance; (95) Serra Verde cave, internal environment; (96) adult male of E. (E.) zaum n. sp.; (97) cattle in the cave surroundings." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7797767" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7797767/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Fig. 96</figureCitation>
|
||
). The predominant organic resources were bat guano (especially produced by vampire bats—
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="E. Geoffroy" baseAuthorityYear="1810" box="[889,1112,1807,1833]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Desmodus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rotundus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[889,1112,1807,1833]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Desmodus rotundus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) and plant debris brought by the water. In previous expeditions, speleologists discovered that the inner conduits partially flood during the rainy season, thus indicating that the water table varies greatly throughout the year. For that reason, it is fair to assume that these crickets probably migrate during rainy seasons to regions closer to the entrance that are not flooded.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7797757" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7797757" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7797757/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" startId="25.[151,264,1832,1856]" targetBox="[219,1369,196,1787]" targetPageId="25">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="25.[151,1437,1832,2036]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,343,1832,1856]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">FIGURES 67–71.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Carvalho & Junta & Castro-Souza & Ferreira, 2023" authorityName="Carvalho & Junta & Castro-Souza & Ferreira" authorityYear="2023" box="[352,638,1832,1856]" class="Insecta" family="Phalangopsidae" genus="Endecous" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="zaum" status="n. sp." subGenus="Endecous">
|
||
<emphasis box="[352,450,1832,1856]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Endecous</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis box="[468,566,1832,1856]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Endecous</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis box="[585,638,1833,1856]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">zaum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[648,708,1832,1856]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[648,708,1832,1856]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(ISLA 104855) phallic complex. (67) dorsal view, (68) ventral view, (69) laterofrontal view, (70) frontal view, (71) lateral view. Abbreviations:
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[913,931,1868,1892]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">A</emphasis>
|
||
, pseudepiphallic ventral branch (or “A” sclerite);
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,228,1904,1928]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Ps.arm</emphasis>
|
||
, pseudepiphallic arm;
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[459,518,1904,1928]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Ps.db</emphasis>
|
||
, pseudepiphallic dorsal branch;
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[848,901,1904,1928]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Ps.ib</emphasis>
|
||
, pseudepiphallic inner bars;
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1193,1211,1904,1928]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">R</emphasis>
|
||
, pseudepiphallic rami (or pseudepiphallic membranous shield);
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[581,629,1940,1964]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Ps.P</emphasis>
|
||
, pseudepiphallic paramere;
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[921,991,1940,1964]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Ect.ap</emphasis>
|
||
, ectophallic apodeme;
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1232,1310,1940,1964]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Ect.arc</emphasis>
|
||
, ectophallic arc;
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[195,259,1976,2000]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Ect.lb</emphasis>
|
||
, ectophallic lateral bar;
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[503,582,1976,2000]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Ect.mp</emphasis>
|
||
, ectophallic median projection;
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[907,999,1976,2000]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">End.sc.a</emphasis>
|
||
, endophallic sclerite anterior portion;
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">End. sc.d</emphasis>
|
||
, endophallic sclerite duct;
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[466,559,2012,2036]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">End.sc.p</emphasis>
|
||
, endophallic sclerite posterior portion.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7797759" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7797759" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7797759/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" startId="26.[151,264,1868,1892]" targetBox="[206,1382,181,1844]" targetPageId="26">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="26.[151,1437,1868,2036]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,341,1868,1892]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">FIGURES 72–80.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Carvalho & Junta & Castro-Souza & Ferreira, 2023" authorityName="Carvalho & Junta & Castro-Souza & Ferreira" authorityYear="2023" box="[347,627,1868,1892]" class="Insecta" family="Phalangopsidae" genus="Endecous" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="zaum" status="n. sp." subGenus="Endecous">
|
||
<emphasis box="[347,445,1868,1892]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Endecous</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis box="[460,558,1868,1892]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Endecous</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis box="[574,627,1869,1892]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">zaum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[634,691,1868,1892]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[634,691,1868,1892]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(ISLA 104854) male general morphology. (72) pronotum in dorsal view; (73) right tegmen in dorsal view, harp highlighted in light blue, mirror highlighted in green, basal field highlighted in pink; (74) head in dorsal view; (75) head in frontal view; (76) head and palpi in lateral view, compound eye highlighted; (77) pronotum and tegmen in lateral view; (78) supra-anal and sub-genital plates in lateral view; (79) sub-genital plate in ventral view; (80) supra-anal plate in dorsal view.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7797761" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7797761" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7797761/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" startId="27.[151,264,900,924]" targetBox="[168,1420,181,877]" targetPageId="27">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="27.[151,1437,900,997]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,341,900,924]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">FIGURES 81–82.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Carvalho & Junta & Castro-Souza & Ferreira, 2023" authorityName="Carvalho & Junta & Castro-Souza & Ferreira" authorityYear="2023" box="[348,630,901,925]" class="Insecta" family="Phalangopsidae" genus="Endecous" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="zaum" status="n. sp." subGenus="Endecous">
|
||
<emphasis box="[348,446,901,925]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Endecous</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis box="[462,560,901,925]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Endecous</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis box="[577,630,901,924]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">zaum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[637,711,900,925]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[637,696,901,925]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
(
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
ISLA 104852) proventriculus. (81) row of sclerotized appendices; (82) sclerotized appendix. Abbreviations:
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[524,554,937,961]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">mt</emphasis>
|
||
, median tooth;
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[709,744,937,961]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">md</emphasis>
|
||
, median denticles;
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[937,952,937,961]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">lt</emphasis>
|
||
, lateral tooth;
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1096,1117,937,961]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">ld</emphasis>
|
||
, lateral denticles;
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1298,1315,937,961]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">sl</emphasis>
|
||
, sclerotized lobe.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7797763" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7797763" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7797763/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" startId="27.[151,264,1941,1965]" targetBox="[159,1428,1021,1918]" targetPageId="27">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="27.[151,1437,1941,2038]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,339,1941,1965]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">FIGURES 83–86.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Carvalho & Junta & Castro-Souza & Ferreira, 2023" authorityName="Carvalho & Junta & Castro-Souza & Ferreira" authorityYear="2023" box="[344,621,1941,1965]" class="Insecta" family="Phalangopsidae" genus="Endecous" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="zaum" status="n. sp." subGenus="Endecous">
|
||
<emphasis box="[344,442,1941,1965]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Endecous</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis box="[456,554,1941,1965]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Endecous</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis box="[568,621,1942,1965]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">zaum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[626,682,1941,1965]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[626,682,1941,1965]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(ISLA 104854) left legs. (83) leg III, subapical and apical spurs, inner view (84) leg III, subapical and apical spurs, outer view (85) legs I and II, apical spurs, third small spur (α) at the apex of the tibia, outer view (86) legs I and II, apical spurs and tympanum, third small spur (β) at the apex of the tibia inner view.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7797765" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7797765" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7797765/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" startId="28.[151,264,1943,1967]" targetBox="[179,1408,181,1920]" targetPageId="28">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="28.[151,1437,1943,2040]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,341,1943,1967]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">FIGURES 87–92.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Carvalho & Junta & Castro-Souza & Ferreira, 2023" authorityName="Carvalho & Junta & Castro-Souza & Ferreira" authorityYear="2023" box="[348,630,1944,1968]" class="Insecta" family="Phalangopsidae" genus="Endecous" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="zaum" status="n. sp." subGenus="Endecous">
|
||
<emphasis box="[348,446,1944,1968]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Endecous</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis box="[462,560,1944,1968]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Endecous</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis box="[577,630,1944,1967]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">zaum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[637,696,1944,1968]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[637,696,1944,1968]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
right tegmen, dorsal and lateral view. (87) paratype, ISLA 104854; (88) paratype, ISLA 104853; (89) holotype, ISLA 104855; (90) paratype, ISLA104856; (91) paratype, ISLA 104858; (92) paratype, ISLA 104859.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7797767" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7797767" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7797767/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" startId="29.[151,264,1943,1967]" targetBox="[179,1408,181,1920]" targetPageId="29">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="29.[151,1436,1943,2040]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,342,1943,1967]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">FIGURES 93–97.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Carvalho & Junta & Castro-Souza & Ferreira, 2023" authorityName="Carvalho & Junta & Castro-Souza & Ferreira" authorityYear="2023" box="[350,633,1944,1968]" class="Insecta" family="Phalangopsidae" genus="Endecous" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="zaum" status="n. sp." subGenus="Endecous">
|
||
<emphasis box="[350,448,1944,1968]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Endecous</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis box="[465,563,1944,1968]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Endecous</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis box="[580,633,1944,1967]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">zaum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[642,701,1944,1968]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[642,701,1944,1968]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
habitat. (93) Serra Verde cave, external environment; (94) Serra Verde cave, entrance; (95) Serra Verde cave, internal environment; (96) adult male of
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Carvalho & Junta & Castro-Souza & Ferreira, 2023" authorityName="Carvalho & Junta & Castro-Souza & Ferreira" authorityYear="2023" box="[989,1120,1980,2004]" class="Insecta" family="Phalangopsidae" genus="Endecous" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="zaum" status="n. sp." subGenus="Endecous">
|
||
<emphasis box="[989,1011,1980,2003]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">E.</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis box="[1028,1050,1980,2003]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">E.</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis box="[1067,1120,1980,2003]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">zaum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1130,1190,1980,2004]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[1130,1190,1980,2004]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
; (97) cattle in the cave surroundings.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption pageId="30" pageNumber="31" startId="30.[151,239,681,707]">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="30.[151,2038,681,743]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,260,681,707]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">TABLE 3</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Carvalho & Junta & Castro-Souza & Ferreira, 2023" authorityName="Carvalho & Junta & Castro-Souza & Ferreira" authorityYear="2023" box="[275,571,681,707]" class="Insecta" family="Phalangopsidae" genus="Endecous" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="zaum" status="n. sp." subGenus="Endecous">
|
||
<emphasis box="[275,379,681,707]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Endecous</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis box="[395,499,681,707]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Endecous</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis box="[515,571,681,707]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">zaum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[579,640,681,707]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[579,640,681,707]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
, morphological measurements (mm), mean (M) and standard deviation (SD) of four male adult specimens; (*) unable to measure due to head being damaged; (#) leg III missing;
|
||
<emphasis box="[664,802,717,743]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">pars stridens</emphasis>
|
||
refers to the number of teeth of the stridulatory file.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
|
||
<table box="[165,1979,754,1507]" gridcols="13" gridrows="19" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
|
||
<tr box="[165,1979,754,783]" gridrow="0" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
|
||
<th box="[165,412,754,783]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">♁</th>
|
||
<th box="[533,609,754,783]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">104852</th>
|
||
<th box="[659,735,754,783]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">104853</th>
|
||
<th box="[785,861,754,783]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">104854</th>
|
||
<th box="[911,987,754,783]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">104855</th>
|
||
<th box="[1037,1113,754,783]" gridcol="5" gridrow="0" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">104856</th>
|
||
<th box="[1163,1239,754,783]" gridcol="6" gridrow="0" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">104857</th>
|
||
<th box="[1289,1365,754,783]" gridcol="7" gridrow="0" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">104858</th>
|
||
<th box="[1415,1491,754,783]" gridcol="8" gridrow="0" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">104859</th>
|
||
<th box="[1541,1617,754,783]" gridcol="9" gridrow="0" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">104860</th>
|
||
<th box="[1667,1743,754,783]" gridcol="10" gridrow="0" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">104861</th>
|
||
<th box="[1793,1863,754,783]" gridcol="11" gridrow="0" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">M</th>
|
||
<th box="[1922,1979,754,783]" gridcol="12" gridrow="0" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">SD</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[165,1979,798,823]" gridrow="1" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
|
||
<th box="[165,412,798,823]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Head width</th>
|
||
<td box="[533,609,798,823]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">2.522</td>
|
||
<td box="[659,735,798,823]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">2.501</td>
|
||
<td box="[785,861,798,823]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">2.661</td>
|
||
<td box="[911,987,798,823]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">2.607</td>
|
||
<td box="[1037,1113,798,823]" gridcol="5" gridrow="1" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">2.601</td>
|
||
<td box="[1163,1239,798,823]" gridcol="6" gridrow="1" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">2.623</td>
|
||
<td box="[1289,1365,798,823]" gridcol="7" gridrow="1" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">2.881</td>
|
||
<td box="[1415,1491,798,823]" gridcol="8" gridrow="1" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">*</td>
|
||
<td box="[1541,1617,798,823]" gridcol="9" gridrow="1" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">2.862</td>
|
||
<td box="[1667,1743,798,823]" gridcol="10" gridrow="1" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">2.586</td>
|
||
<td box="[1793,1863,798,823]" gridcol="11" gridrow="1" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">2.649</td>
|
||
<td box="[1922,1979,798,823]" gridcol="12" gridrow="1" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">0.127</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[165,1979,838,863]" gridrow="2" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
|
||
<th box="[165,412,838,863]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Head length</th>
|
||
<td box="[533,609,838,863]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">1.914</td>
|
||
<td box="[659,735,838,863]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">1.863</td>
|
||
<td box="[785,861,838,863]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">1.724</td>
|
||
<td box="[911,987,838,863]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">1.658</td>
|
||
<td box="[1037,1113,838,863]" gridcol="5" gridrow="2" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">1.730</td>
|
||
<td box="[1163,1239,838,863]" gridcol="6" gridrow="2" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">1.592</td>
|
||
<td box="[1289,1365,838,863]" gridcol="7" gridrow="2" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">1.939</td>
|
||
<td box="[1415,1491,838,863]" gridcol="8" gridrow="2" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">*</td>
|
||
<td box="[1541,1617,838,863]" gridcol="9" gridrow="2" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">1.936</td>
|
||
<td box="[1667,1743,838,863]" gridcol="10" gridrow="2" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">1.839</td>
|
||
<td box="[1793,1863,838,863]" gridcol="11" gridrow="2" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">1.799</td>
|
||
<td box="[1922,1979,838,863]" gridcol="12" gridrow="2" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">0.120</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[165,1979,878,903]" gridrow="3" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
|
||
<th box="[165,412,878,903]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Intraocular distance</th>
|
||
<td box="[533,609,878,903]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">1.378</td>
|
||
<td box="[659,735,878,903]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">1.378</td>
|
||
<td box="[785,861,878,903]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">1.407</td>
|
||
<td box="[911,987,878,903]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">1.428</td>
|
||
<td box="[1037,1113,878,903]" gridcol="5" gridrow="3" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">1.343</td>
|
||
<td box="[1163,1239,878,903]" gridcol="6" gridrow="3" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">1.370</td>
|
||
<td box="[1289,1365,878,903]" gridcol="7" gridrow="3" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">1.471</td>
|
||
<td box="[1415,1491,878,903]" gridcol="8" gridrow="3" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">*</td>
|
||
<td box="[1541,1617,878,903]" gridcol="9" gridrow="3" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">1.523</td>
|
||
<td box="[1667,1743,878,903]" gridcol="10" gridrow="3" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">1.347</td>
|
||
<td box="[1793,1863,878,903]" gridcol="11" gridrow="3" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">1.405</td>
|
||
<td box="[1922,1979,878,903]" gridcol="12" gridrow="3" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">0.056</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[165,1979,919,944]" gridrow="4" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
|
||
<th box="[165,412,919,944]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Compound eye width</th>
|
||
<td box="[533,609,919,944]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">0.355</td>
|
||
<td box="[659,735,919,944]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">0.406</td>
|
||
<td box="[785,861,919,944]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">0.387</td>
|
||
<td box="[911,987,919,944]" gridcol="4" gridrow="4" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">0.379</td>
|
||
<td box="[1037,1113,919,944]" gridcol="5" gridrow="4" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">0.388</td>
|
||
<td box="[1163,1239,919,944]" gridcol="6" gridrow="4" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">0.398</td>
|
||
<td box="[1289,1365,919,944]" gridcol="7" gridrow="4" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">0.394</td>
|
||
<td box="[1415,1491,919,944]" gridcol="8" gridrow="4" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">*</td>
|
||
<td box="[1541,1617,919,944]" gridcol="9" gridrow="4" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">0.431</td>
|
||
<td box="[1667,1743,919,944]" gridcol="10" gridrow="4" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">0.729</td>
|
||
<td box="[1793,1863,919,944]" gridcol="11" gridrow="4" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">0.430</td>
|
||
<td box="[1922,1979,919,944]" gridcol="12" gridrow="4" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">0.108</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[165,1979,959,984]" gridrow="5" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
|
||
<th box="[165,412,959,984]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Compound eye length</th>
|
||
<td box="[533,609,959,984]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">0.736</td>
|
||
<td box="[659,735,959,984]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">0.767</td>
|
||
<td box="[785,861,959,984]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">0.837</td>
|
||
<td box="[911,987,959,984]" gridcol="4" gridrow="5" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">0.787</td>
|
||
<td box="[1037,1113,959,984]" gridcol="5" gridrow="5" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">0.764</td>
|
||
<td box="[1163,1239,959,984]" gridcol="6" gridrow="5" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">0.720</td>
|
||
<td box="[1289,1365,959,984]" gridcol="7" gridrow="5" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">0.814</td>
|
||
<td box="[1415,1491,959,984]" gridcol="8" gridrow="5" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">*</td>
|
||
<td box="[1541,1617,959,984]" gridcol="9" gridrow="5" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">0.782</td>
|
||
<td box="[1667,1743,959,984]" gridcol="10" gridrow="5" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">0.384</td>
|
||
<td box="[1793,1863,959,984]" gridcol="11" gridrow="5" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">0.732</td>
|
||
<td box="[1922,1979,959,984]" gridcol="12" gridrow="5" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">0.128</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[165,1979,999,1024]" gridrow="6" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
|
||
<th box="[165,412,999,1024]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Maxillary palpomere III</th>
|
||
<td box="[533,609,999,1024]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">1.439</td>
|
||
<td box="[659,735,999,1024]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">1.567</td>
|
||
<td box="[785,861,999,1024]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">1.421</td>
|
||
<td box="[911,987,999,1024]" gridcol="4" gridrow="6" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">1.470</td>
|
||
<td box="[1037,1113,999,1024]" gridcol="5" gridrow="6" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">1.460</td>
|
||
<td box="[1163,1239,999,1024]" gridcol="6" gridrow="6" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">1.572</td>
|
||
<td box="[1289,1365,999,1024]" gridcol="7" gridrow="6" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">1.617</td>
|
||
<td box="[1415,1491,999,1024]" gridcol="8" gridrow="6" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">1.718</td>
|
||
<td box="[1541,1617,999,1024]" gridcol="9" gridrow="6" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">1.769</td>
|
||
<td box="[1667,1743,999,1024]" gridcol="10" gridrow="6" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">1.529</td>
|
||
<td box="[1793,1863,999,1024]" gridcol="11" gridrow="6" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">1.556</td>
|
||
<td box="[1922,1979,999,1024]" gridcol="12" gridrow="6" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">0.112</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[165,1979,1039,1064]" gridrow="7" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
|
||
<th box="[165,412,1039,1064]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Maxillary palpomere IV</th>
|
||
<td box="[533,609,1039,1064]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">1.505</td>
|
||
<td box="[659,735,1039,1064]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">1.490</td>
|
||
<td box="[785,861,1039,1064]" gridcol="3" gridrow="7" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">1.656</td>
|
||
<td box="[911,987,1039,1064]" gridcol="4" gridrow="7" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">1.600</td>
|
||
<td box="[1037,1113,1039,1064]" gridcol="5" gridrow="7" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">1.510</td>
|
||
<td box="[1163,1239,1039,1064]" gridcol="6" gridrow="7" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">1.648</td>
|
||
<td box="[1289,1365,1039,1064]" gridcol="7" gridrow="7" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">1.761</td>
|
||
<td box="[1415,1491,1039,1064]" gridcol="8" gridrow="7" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">1.713</td>
|
||
<td box="[1541,1617,1039,1064]" gridcol="9" gridrow="7" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">1.846</td>
|
||
<td box="[1667,1743,1039,1064]" gridcol="10" gridrow="7" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">1.578</td>
|
||
<td box="[1793,1863,1039,1064]" gridcol="11" gridrow="7" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">1.631</td>
|
||
<td box="[1922,1979,1039,1064]" gridcol="12" gridrow="7" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">0.112</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[165,1979,1080,1105]" gridrow="8" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
|
||
<th box="[165,412,1080,1105]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Maxillary palpomere V</th>
|
||
<td box="[533,609,1080,1105]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">1.950</td>
|
||
<td box="[659,735,1080,1105]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">1.987</td>
|
||
<td box="[785,861,1080,1105]" gridcol="3" gridrow="8" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">2.167</td>
|
||
<td box="[911,987,1080,1105]" gridcol="4" gridrow="8" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">1.677</td>
|
||
<td box="[1037,1113,1080,1105]" gridcol="5" gridrow="8" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">2.018</td>
|
||
<td box="[1163,1239,1080,1105]" gridcol="6" gridrow="8" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">1.970</td>
|
||
<td box="[1289,1365,1080,1105]" gridcol="7" gridrow="8" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">2.211</td>
|
||
<td box="[1415,1491,1080,1105]" gridcol="8" gridrow="8" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">2.085</td>
|
||
<td box="[1541,1617,1080,1105]" gridcol="9" gridrow="8" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">2.210</td>
|
||
<td box="[1667,1743,1080,1105]" gridcol="10" gridrow="8" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">2.014</td>
|
||
<td box="[1793,1863,1080,1105]" gridcol="11" gridrow="8" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">2.029</td>
|
||
<td box="[1922,1979,1080,1105]" gridcol="12" gridrow="8" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">0.150</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[165,1979,1120,1145]" gridrow="9" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
|
||
<th box="[165,412,1120,1145]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Pronotum width</th>
|
||
<td box="[533,609,1120,1145]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">3.340</td>
|
||
<td box="[659,735,1120,1145]" gridcol="2" gridrow="9" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">3.315</td>
|
||
<td box="[785,861,1120,1145]" gridcol="3" gridrow="9" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">3.515</td>
|
||
<td box="[911,987,1120,1145]" gridcol="4" gridrow="9" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">3.525</td>
|
||
<td box="[1037,1113,1120,1145]" gridcol="5" gridrow="9" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">3.342</td>
|
||
<td box="[1163,1239,1120,1145]" gridcol="6" gridrow="9" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">3.485</td>
|
||
<td box="[1289,1365,1120,1145]" gridcol="7" gridrow="9" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">3.600</td>
|
||
<td box="[1415,1491,1120,1145]" gridcol="8" gridrow="9" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">3.595</td>
|
||
<td box="[1541,1617,1120,1145]" gridcol="9" gridrow="9" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">3.486</td>
|
||
<td box="[1667,1743,1120,1145]" gridcol="10" gridrow="9" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">3.256</td>
|
||
<td box="[1793,1863,1120,1145]" gridcol="11" gridrow="9" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">3.446</td>
|
||
<td box="[1922,1979,1120,1145]" gridcol="12" gridrow="9" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">0.116</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[165,1979,1160,1185]" gridrow="10" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
|
||
<th box="[165,412,1160,1185]" gridcol="0" gridrow="10" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Pronotum length</th>
|
||
<td box="[533,609,1160,1185]" gridcol="1" gridrow="10" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">2.303</td>
|
||
<td box="[659,735,1160,1185]" gridcol="2" gridrow="10" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">2.238</td>
|
||
<td box="[785,861,1160,1185]" gridcol="3" gridrow="10" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">2.552</td>
|
||
<td box="[911,987,1160,1185]" gridcol="4" gridrow="10" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">2.359</td>
|
||
<td box="[1037,1113,1160,1185]" gridcol="5" gridrow="10" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">2.455</td>
|
||
<td box="[1163,1239,1160,1185]" gridcol="6" gridrow="10" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">2.471</td>
|
||
<td box="[1289,1365,1160,1185]" gridcol="7" gridrow="10" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">2.565</td>
|
||
<td box="[1415,1491,1160,1185]" gridcol="8" gridrow="10" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">2.449</td>
|
||
<td box="[1541,1617,1160,1185]" gridcol="9" gridrow="10" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">2.560</td>
|
||
<td box="[1667,1743,1160,1185]" gridcol="10" gridrow="10" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">2.334</td>
|
||
<td box="[1793,1863,1160,1185]" gridcol="11" gridrow="10" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">2.429</td>
|
||
<td box="[1922,1979,1160,1185]" gridcol="12" gridrow="10" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">0.110</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[165,1979,1200,1225]" gridrow="11" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
|
||
<th box="[165,412,1200,1225]" gridcol="0" gridrow="11" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Right tegmen width</th>
|
||
<td box="[533,609,1200,1225]" gridcol="1" gridrow="11" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">3.114</td>
|
||
<td box="[659,735,1200,1225]" gridcol="2" gridrow="11" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">3.722</td>
|
||
<td box="[785,861,1200,1225]" gridcol="3" gridrow="11" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">4.169</td>
|
||
<td box="[911,987,1200,1225]" gridcol="4" gridrow="11" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">4.065</td>
|
||
<td box="[1037,1113,1200,1225]" gridcol="5" gridrow="11" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">3.668</td>
|
||
<td box="[1163,1239,1200,1225]" gridcol="6" gridrow="11" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">4.078</td>
|
||
<td box="[1289,1365,1200,1225]" gridcol="7" gridrow="11" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">3.979</td>
|
||
<td box="[1415,1491,1200,1225]" gridcol="8" gridrow="11" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">4.105</td>
|
||
<td box="[1541,1617,1200,1225]" gridcol="9" gridrow="11" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">4.249</td>
|
||
<td box="[1667,1743,1200,1225]" gridcol="10" gridrow="11" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">3.606</td>
|
||
<td box="[1793,1863,1200,1225]" gridcol="11" gridrow="11" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">3.876</td>
|
||
<td box="[1922,1979,1200,1225]" gridcol="12" gridrow="11" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">0.329</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[165,1979,1241,1266]" gridrow="12" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
|
||
<th box="[165,412,1241,1266]" gridcol="0" gridrow="12" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Right tegmen length</th>
|
||
<td box="[533,609,1241,1266]" gridcol="1" gridrow="12" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">4.725</td>
|
||
<td box="[659,735,1241,1266]" gridcol="2" gridrow="12" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">5.214</td>
|
||
<td box="[785,861,1241,1266]" gridcol="3" gridrow="12" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">5.225</td>
|
||
<td box="[911,987,1241,1266]" gridcol="4" gridrow="12" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">5.542</td>
|
||
<td box="[1037,1113,1241,1266]" gridcol="5" gridrow="12" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">5.248</td>
|
||
<td box="[1163,1239,1241,1266]" gridcol="6" gridrow="12" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">5.475</td>
|
||
<td box="[1289,1365,1241,1266]" gridcol="7" gridrow="12" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">5.679</td>
|
||
<td box="[1415,1491,1241,1266]" gridcol="8" gridrow="12" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">5.789</td>
|
||
<td box="[1541,1617,1241,1266]" gridcol="9" gridrow="12" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">5.774</td>
|
||
<td box="[1667,1743,1241,1266]" gridcol="10" gridrow="12" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">5.160</td>
|
||
<td box="[1793,1863,1241,1266]" gridcol="11" gridrow="12" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">5.383</td>
|
||
<td box="[1922,1979,1241,1266]" gridcol="12" gridrow="12" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">0.315</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[165,1979,1281,1306]" gridrow="13" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
|
||
<th box="[165,412,1281,1306]" gridcol="0" gridrow="13" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Leg I length</th>
|
||
<td box="[533,609,1281,1306]" gridcol="1" gridrow="13" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">16.291</td>
|
||
<td box="[659,735,1281,1306]" gridcol="2" gridrow="13" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">16.640</td>
|
||
<td box="[785,861,1281,1306]" gridcol="3" gridrow="13" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">18.173</td>
|
||
<td box="[911,987,1281,1306]" gridcol="4" gridrow="13" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">17.447</td>
|
||
<td box="[1037,1113,1281,1306]" gridcol="5" gridrow="13" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">16.753</td>
|
||
<td box="[1163,1239,1281,1306]" gridcol="6" gridrow="13" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">17.656</td>
|
||
<td box="[1289,1365,1281,1306]" gridcol="7" gridrow="13" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">17.983</td>
|
||
<td box="[1415,1491,1281,1306]" gridcol="8" gridrow="13" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">17.688</td>
|
||
<td box="[1541,1617,1281,1306]" gridcol="9" gridrow="13" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">17.953</td>
|
||
<td box="[1667,1743,1281,1306]" gridcol="10" gridrow="13" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">16.777</td>
|
||
<td box="[1793,1863,1281,1306]" gridcol="11" gridrow="13" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">17.336</td>
|
||
<td box="[1922,1979,1281,1306]" gridcol="12" gridrow="13" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">0.630</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[165,1979,1321,1346]" gridrow="14" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
|
||
<th box="[165,412,1321,1346]" gridcol="0" gridrow="14" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Leg II length</th>
|
||
<td box="[533,609,1321,1346]" gridcol="1" gridrow="14" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">16.654</td>
|
||
<td box="[659,735,1321,1346]" gridcol="2" gridrow="14" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">16.929</td>
|
||
<td box="[785,861,1321,1346]" gridcol="3" gridrow="14" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">18.433</td>
|
||
<td box="[911,987,1321,1346]" gridcol="4" gridrow="14" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">17.823</td>
|
||
<td box="[1037,1113,1321,1346]" gridcol="5" gridrow="14" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">17.342</td>
|
||
<td box="[1163,1239,1321,1346]" gridcol="6" gridrow="14" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">18.387</td>
|
||
<td box="[1289,1365,1321,1346]" gridcol="7" gridrow="14" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">18.448</td>
|
||
<td box="[1415,1491,1321,1346]" gridcol="8" gridrow="14" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">18.190</td>
|
||
<td box="[1541,1617,1321,1346]" gridcol="9" gridrow="14" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">18.053</td>
|
||
<td box="[1667,1743,1321,1346]" gridcol="10" gridrow="14" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">16.949</td>
|
||
<td box="[1793,1863,1321,1346]" gridcol="11" gridrow="14" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">17.721</td>
|
||
<td box="[1922,1979,1321,1346]" gridcol="12" gridrow="14" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">0.658</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[165,1979,1361,1386]" gridrow="15" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
|
||
<th box="[165,412,1361,1386]" gridcol="0" gridrow="15" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Femur III length</th>
|
||
<td box="[533,609,1361,1386]" gridcol="1" gridrow="15" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">10.096</td>
|
||
<td box="[659,735,1361,1386]" gridcol="2" gridrow="15" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">10.302</td>
|
||
<td box="[785,861,1361,1386]" gridcol="3" gridrow="15" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">10.994</td>
|
||
<td box="[911,987,1361,1386]" gridcol="4" gridrow="15" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">10.519</td>
|
||
<td box="[1037,1113,1361,1386]" gridcol="5" gridrow="15" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">10.303</td>
|
||
<td box="[1163,1239,1361,1386]" gridcol="6" gridrow="15" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">10.564</td>
|
||
<td box="[1289,1365,1361,1386]" gridcol="7" gridrow="15" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">11.335</td>
|
||
<td box="[1415,1491,1361,1386]" gridcol="8" gridrow="15" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">10.761</td>
|
||
<td box="[1541,1617,1361,1386]" gridcol="9" gridrow="15" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">#</td>
|
||
<td box="[1667,1743,1361,1386]" gridcol="10" gridrow="15" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">10.186</td>
|
||
<td box="[1793,1863,1361,1386]" gridcol="11" gridrow="15" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">10.562</td>
|
||
<td box="[1922,1979,1361,1386]" gridcol="12" gridrow="15" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">0.383</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[165,1979,1402,1427]" gridrow="16" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
|
||
<th box="[165,412,1402,1427]" gridcol="0" gridrow="16" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Tibia III length</th>
|
||
<td box="[533,609,1402,1427]" gridcol="1" gridrow="16" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">11.417</td>
|
||
<td box="[659,735,1402,1427]" gridcol="2" gridrow="16" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">11.546</td>
|
||
<td box="[785,861,1402,1427]" gridcol="3" gridrow="16" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">12.495</td>
|
||
<td box="[911,987,1402,1427]" gridcol="4" gridrow="16" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">11.711</td>
|
||
<td box="[1037,1113,1402,1427]" gridcol="5" gridrow="16" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">11.563</td>
|
||
<td box="[1163,1239,1402,1427]" gridcol="6" gridrow="16" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">12.017</td>
|
||
<td box="[1289,1365,1402,1427]" gridcol="7" gridrow="16" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">12.874</td>
|
||
<td box="[1415,1491,1402,1427]" gridcol="8" gridrow="16" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">12.035</td>
|
||
<td box="[1541,1617,1402,1427]" gridcol="9" gridrow="16" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">#</td>
|
||
<td box="[1667,1743,1402,1427]" gridcol="10" gridrow="16" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">11.432</td>
|
||
<td box="[1793,1863,1402,1427]" gridcol="11" gridrow="16" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">11.899</td>
|
||
<td box="[1922,1979,1402,1427]" gridcol="12" gridrow="16" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">0.479</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[165,1979,1442,1467]" gridrow="17" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
|
||
<th box="[165,412,1442,1467]" gridcol="0" gridrow="17" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Body length</th>
|
||
<td box="[533,609,1442,1467]" gridcol="1" gridrow="17" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">15.566</td>
|
||
<td box="[659,735,1442,1467]" gridcol="2" gridrow="17" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">16.152</td>
|
||
<td box="[785,861,1442,1467]" gridcol="3" gridrow="17" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">16.710</td>
|
||
<td box="[911,987,1442,1467]" gridcol="4" gridrow="17" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">18.369</td>
|
||
<td box="[1037,1113,1442,1467]" gridcol="5" gridrow="17" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">14.227</td>
|
||
<td box="[1163,1239,1442,1467]" gridcol="6" gridrow="17" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">15.599</td>
|
||
<td box="[1289,1365,1442,1467]" gridcol="7" gridrow="17" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">16.381</td>
|
||
<td box="[1415,1491,1442,1467]" gridcol="8" gridrow="17" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">*</td>
|
||
<td box="[1541,1617,1442,1467]" gridcol="9" gridrow="17" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">17.715</td>
|
||
<td box="[1667,1743,1442,1467]" gridcol="10" gridrow="17" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">17.624</td>
|
||
<td box="[1793,1863,1442,1467]" gridcol="11" gridrow="17" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">16.483</td>
|
||
<td box="[1922,1979,1442,1467]" gridcol="12" gridrow="17" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">1.214</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[165,1979,1482,1507]" gridrow="18" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
|
||
<th box="[165,412,1482,1507]" gridcol="0" gridrow="18" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
|
||
<emphasis box="[165,300,1482,1507]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Pars stridens</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td box="[533,609,1482,1507]" gridcol="1" gridrow="18" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">82</td>
|
||
<td box="[659,735,1482,1507]" gridcol="2" gridrow="18" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">84</td>
|
||
<td box="[785,861,1482,1507]" gridcol="3" gridrow="18" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">95</td>
|
||
<td box="[911,987,1482,1507]" gridcol="4" gridrow="18" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">90</td>
|
||
<td box="[1037,1113,1482,1507]" gridcol="5" gridrow="18" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">83</td>
|
||
<td box="[1163,1239,1482,1507]" gridcol="6" gridrow="18" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">93</td>
|
||
<td box="[1289,1365,1482,1507]" gridcol="7" gridrow="18" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">88</td>
|
||
<td box="[1415,1491,1482,1507]" gridcol="8" gridrow="18" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">92</td>
|
||
<td box="[1541,1617,1482,1507]" gridcol="9" gridrow="18" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">86</td>
|
||
<td box="[1667,1743,1482,1507]" gridcol="10" gridrow="18" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">78</td>
|
||
<td box="[1793,1863,1482,1507]" gridcol="11" gridrow="18" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">87.1</td>
|
||
<td box="[1922,1979,1482,1507]" gridcol="12" gridrow="18" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">5.166</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="31.[151,1437,151,699]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
|
||
As aforementioned, the constriction on the conduit close to the entrance of the cave hinders the access of locals to its interior, which in turn guarantees the preservation of the cave’s inner environment. The external landscape, however, is severely altered, especially close to the limestone outcrops, where only a few remnants of the original vegetation can be verified (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[452,535,255,281]" captionStart="FIGURES 93–97" captionStartId="29.[151,264,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[179,1408,181,1920]" captionTargetId="figure-20@29.[179,1408,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId="29" captionText="FIGURES 93–97. Endecous (Endecous) zaum n. sp. habitat. (93) Serra Verde cave, external environment; (94) Serra Verde cave, entrance; (95) Serra Verde cave, internal environment; (96) adult male of E. (E.) zaum n. sp.; (97) cattle in the cave surroundings." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7797767" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7797767/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Fig. 93</figureCitation>
|
||
). Pastures replaced most of the native forests and cattle were observed in the cave surroundings (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[313,396,289,315]" captionStart="FIGURES 93–97" captionStartId="29.[151,264,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[179,1408,181,1920]" captionTargetId="figure-20@29.[179,1408,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId="29" captionText="FIGURES 93–97. Endecous (Endecous) zaum n. sp. habitat. (93) Serra Verde cave, external environment; (94) Serra Verde cave, entrance; (95) Serra Verde cave, internal environment; (96) adult male of E. (E.) zaum n. sp.; (97) cattle in the cave surroundings." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7797767" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7797767/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Fig. 97</figureCitation>
|
||
), compacting the exposed soil, which is highly vulnerable to erosive processes. Additionally, since the cave entrance is located at the bottom of a valley, the external topography ends up contributing to the input of sediments to the cave during rainy periods. The soil denudation in the external landscape can, therefore, intensify erosive processes, increasing the sediment input to the cave, and, consequently, silting up important microhabitats. Accordingly, it is highly recommendable to protect the cave surroundings, especially through the reforestation of the immediate external landscape, to preserve the cave and the species that it harbors.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="31.[151,1437,151,699]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
|
||
The other two caves where specimens were found (Gruna do Enfurnado and Gruna do Zeferini caves) are quite distinct from each other and from Serra Verde cave, thus indicating the species is quite versatile in occupying different caves. Whilst Zeferini cave is mostly dry (there is only one pond on the cave), the Enfurnado cave is trespassed by a stream. The cave´s sizes are also very distinct: Zeferini cave has around 300 meters, while Enfurnado cave has more than
|
||
<quantity box="[207,285,636,663]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" unit="km" value="7.5">7.5 km</quantity>
|
||
in extension. As observed for the Serra Verde cave, the external surroundings of both the Zeferini and Enfurnado caves are also altered by human activities, especially farming (crops and pastures).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |