198 lines
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198 lines
23 KiB
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<document ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5618975" ID-GBIF-Dataset="53d83d32-58bd-4230-83cd-c0b6ee8fa560" ID-GBIF-Taxon="120621552" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5618975" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:F0E913A4-718C-4175-922A-12ACBE7D276C" checkinTime="1462380772451" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Heike Feldhaar, Ulrich Maschwitz & Brigitte Fiala" docDate="2016" docId="AE1287CFFF9B9C75A65EC2CCFD170B3C" docLanguage="en" docName="feldhaar_et_al_2016_sociobiology_crematogaster_macaranga_revision.pdf" docOrigin="Sociobiology 63 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle{}" docTitle="Crematogaster maryatii Feldhaar, Maschwitz & Fiala, 2016, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docUuid="F0E913A4-718C-4175-922A-12ACBE7D276C" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="10" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="661" masterDocId="522BFFB7FF939C7FA562C74AFFDC081F" masterDocTitle="Taxonomic Revision of the Obligate Plant-Ants of the Genus Crematogaster Lund (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Myrmicinae), Associated with Macaranga Thouars (Euphorbiaceae) on Borneo and the Malay Peninsula" masterLastPageNumber="681" masterPageNumber="651" pageId="8" pageNumber="659" updateTime="1635526472509" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Taxonomic Revision of the Obligate Plant-Ants of the Genus Crematogaster Lund (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Myrmicinae), Associated with Macaranga Thouars (Euphorbiaceae) on Borneo and the Malay Peninsula</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Heike Feldhaar</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Ulrich Maschwitz</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Brigitte Fiala</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Sociobiology</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2016</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>63</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="issue">
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<mods:number>1</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>651</mods:start>
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<mods:end>681</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.13102/sociobiology.v63i1.949</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="GBIF-Dataset">53d83d32-58bd-4230-83cd-c0b6ee8fa560</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">269814</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">28CD6B09-5459-4EA2-BC4E-5B14322F676D</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5618975" ID-GBIF-Taxon="120621552" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5618975" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:F0E913A4-718C-4175-922A-12ACBE7D276C" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/AE1287CFFF9B9C75A65EC2CCFD170B3C" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="661" pageId="8" pageNumber="659">
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<subSubSection pageId="8" pageNumber="659" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph blockId="8.[828,1180,1414,1439]" box="[828,1180,1414,1439]" pageId="8" pageNumber="659">
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<heading bold="true" box="[828,1180,1414,1439]" fontSize="10" level="3" pageId="8" pageNumber="659" reason="2">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[828,1180,1414,1439]" pageId="8" pageNumber="659">
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<taxonomicName box="[828,1088,1414,1438]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Crematogaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="659" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maryatii" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[828,1088,1414,1438]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="659">Crematogaster maryatii</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel box="[1094,1180,1415,1439]" pageId="8" pageNumber="659" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="8.[828,1483,1478,1537]" pageId="8" pageNumber="659">urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:F0E913A4-718C-4175-922A- 12ACBE7D276C</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="8" pageNumber="659" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph blockId="8.[828,1482,1577,1878]" box="[828,926,1577,1601]" pageId="8" pageNumber="659">
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<emphasis box="[828,926,1577,1601]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="659">Holotype</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="8.[828,1482,1577,1878]" box="[903,1482,1612,1636]" pageId="8" pageNumber="659">Queen (to be deposited in SMNK, provisional specimen</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="8.[828,1482,1577,1878]" box="[828,1069,1646,1670]" pageId="8" pageNumber="659">number DG06-263-Q).</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="8.[828,1482,1577,1878]" box="[903,1481,1681,1705]" pageId="8" pageNumber="659">Tawau Forest Reserve, secondary forest (B. Fiala)</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="8.[828,1482,1577,1878]" box="[828,1331,1716,1740]" pageId="8" pageNumber="659">
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Queen from
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<taxonomicName box="[962,1204,1716,1740]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Macaranga" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="8" pageNumber="659" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="hypoleuca">
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<emphasis box="[962,1204,1716,1740]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="659">Macaranga hypoleuca</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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; 29.8.2006.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="660" pageId="8" pageNumber="659" type="description">
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<paragraph blockId="8.[828,1482,1577,1878]" pageId="8" pageNumber="659">CI 0.95, DPPW 0.37, DPW 0.38, EL 0.37, HL 1.17, HW 1.11, LHT 0.82, MTW 0.89, OD1 0.15, OD2 0.06, OW 0.11, PI 1.01, REL 0.31, RLEG 0.41, ROD 0.13, ROD2 0.05, SI 0.6, SL 0.67, (TL 5.5), WL 2.0</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="8.[828,1482,1925,2017]" box="[828,926,1925,1948]" pageId="8" pageNumber="659">
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<emphasis box="[828,926,1925,1948]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="659">Paratype</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="8.[828,1482,1925,2017]" pageId="8" pageNumber="659">Worker from same colony as holotype queen (to be deposited in SMNK, provisional specimen number DG06-263-W).</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="9.[106,760,131,224]" pageId="9" pageNumber="660">
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<heading allCaps="true" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="4" pageId="9" pageNumber="660" reason="5">CI 1.0, DPPW 0.14, DPW 0.14, EL 0.08, HL 0.54, HW 0.52, LHT 0.41, LPS 0.055, MTW 0.3, PI 1.01, REL 0.15, RLEG</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="9.[106,760,131,224]" box="[106,549,200,224]" pageId="9" pageNumber="660">0.69, SI 0,71, SL 0.37, (TL 2.1), WL 0.59</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="9" pageNumber="660" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph blockId="9.[106,760,270,432]" box="[106,424,270,294]" pageId="9" pageNumber="660">
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<emphasis box="[106,424,270,294]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="660">Additional material examined</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="9.[106,760,270,432]" pageId="9" pageNumber="660">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[181,368,304,328]" pageId="9" pageNumber="660">Sabah (Borneo):</emphasis>
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Poring Hot Spring (H. Feldhaar, B. Fiala, H.P. Heckroth, R. Kern), Telupid (H. Feldhaar), Kampung Madai (H. Feldhaar), Tawau (B. Fiala).
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="660">East Kalimantan (Borneo):</emphasis>
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Berau (F. Slik), Wanariset (F. Slik)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="9" pageNumber="660" type="description">
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<paragraph blockId="9.[106,411,478,502]" box="[106,411,478,502]" pageId="9" pageNumber="660">
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<emphasis box="[106,411,478,502]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="660">Worker measurements (n=7)</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="9.[106,759,547,675]" pageId="9" pageNumber="660">CI 0.94-1.02, DPPW 0.14-0.2, DPW 0.14-0.21, EL 0.08- 0.12, HL 0.54-0.65, HW 0.52-0.63, LHT 0.41-0.54, LPS 0.047- 0.063, MTW 0.3-0.38, PI 0.98-1.07, REL 0.15-0.18, RLEG 0.67- 0.72, SI 0.65-0.79, SL 0.37-0.47, (TL 2.1-3.0), WL 0.59-0.73</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="9.[106,310,720,744]" box="[106,310,720,744]" pageId="9" pageNumber="660">
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<emphasis box="[106,310,720,744]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="660">Worker description</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="9.[106,761,779,2016]" pageId="9" pageNumber="660">Colour medium to dark brown with head and gaster a slightly darker shade than alitrunk. Workers monomorphic in size. Total body length of workers ranges from 2.3 mm to 3.0 mm. Head and gaster shiny with smooth surface, alitrunk slightly less shiny and faintly shagreened. All body parts bear appressed pubescent hairs. Long flexuous setae present on head gaster and abdomen: on head especially in frons, on gaster more on the posterior margins of tergites and sternites. Only few setae on alitrunk and one pair each on petiole and postpetiole. Head subquadratic but slightly elongated, usually longer than wide and only slightly rounded on sides. Anterior clypeal margin slightly convex and with a row of long erect setae projecting anteriorly. Occipital margin slightly concavely rounded, occipital lobes rounded. Mandibles relatively short and with four denticles, capable of closing tightly against the clypeus. Denticles increasing continuously in size from most proximate to most distal denticle. Surface of mandibles smooth, covered with short pubescent hairs. Antennae relatively long in comparison to head width (SI 0.65-0.79; usually> 0.7) and covered in short pubescent hair. Terminal three funicular segments form a club, sometimes only the terminal two segments.</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="9.[106,761,779,2016]" pageId="9" pageNumber="660">Compound eyes elliptically shaped and not protruding over margin of head in full-face view. Pronotum and mesonotum form a convex dome in profile that is flattened dorsally. Anterodorsal surface of pronotum sloping downwards as steep as posterodorsal surface of mesonotum. Metanotal groove slightly notched and clearly developed; promesonotal suture is visible but not prominent (Fig S1.6C and S1.6D).</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="9.[106,761,779,2016]" pageId="9" pageNumber="660">Propodeal spines very short or nearly absent, but dorsum of the propodeal spiracle with a nodiform elevation. Slope of posterior face of propodeum similar to posterior slope of mesonotum and approximately 45°.</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="9.[106,761,779,2016]" lastBlockId="9.[805,1459,131,190]" pageId="9" pageNumber="660">
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In dorsal view postpetiole always wider than petiole (PI: 0.98-1.07) (Fig S1.6C and S1.6D). Both petiole and postpetiole round in dorsal view and nodiform in lateral view. Subpetiolar process usually absent. (See
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<tableCitation box="[1333,1416,131,155]" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="8.[130,193,131,155]" captionTargetBox="[130,1482,181,1302]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Table 1. Overview of most distinct morphological characters of the Macaranga - associated Crematogaster (borneensis - group) species." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/72C46651FF9B9C77A5E0C7C9FA160884" pageId="9" pageNumber="660" tableUuid="72C46651FF9B9C77A5E0C7C9FA160884">Table 1</tableCitation>
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for comparative overview of worker characters.)
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="9.[805,1115,235,259]" box="[805,1115,235,259]" pageId="9" pageNumber="660">
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<emphasis box="[805,1115,235,259]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="660">Queen measurements (n=15)</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="9.[805,1459,304,467]" pageId="9" pageNumber="660">CI 0.90-1.04, DPPW 0.36-0.44, DPW 0.38-0.49, EL 0.34- 0.38, HL 1.09-1.22, HW 1.01-1.2, LHT 0.72-0.95, MTW 0.78- 1.21, OD1 0.15-0.2, OD2 0.06-0.09, OW 0.09-0.11, PI 0.97-1.12, REL 0.28-0.34, RLEG 0.39-0.47, ROD 0.13-0.18, ROD2 0.05- 0.08, SI 0.51-0.6, SL 0.59-0.68, (TL 5.4-6.6), WL 1.74-2.2</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="9.[805,1001,512,536]" box="[805,1001,512,536]" pageId="9" pageNumber="660">
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<emphasis box="[805,1001,512,536]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="660">Queen description</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="9.[805,1460,571,1912]" pageId="9" pageNumber="660">Queens small, from 5.4 to 6.6 mm in total body length and uniformly dark brown in colour. Surface of head and gaster smooth and shiny, alitrunk slightly less shiny and faintly shagreened. All body parts bear appressed pubescent hairs. Long flexuous setae present on head gaster and abdomen: on head especially in frons, on gaster more on the posterior margins of tergites and sternites. A row of long erect setae pointing anterior present on the clypeus. Mandibles relatively short, capable of closing tightly against the clypeus.</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="9.[805,1460,571,1912]" pageId="9" pageNumber="660">Head usually longer than wide (CI: 0.90-1.04; mean 0.97). Sides of the head straight and head narrower anterior than posterior. Occipital margin of the head straight. Occipital lobes rounded. Anterior clypeal margin slightly convex. Terminal 3 segments of funiculus forming a distinct antennal club. Antennal scrobes strongly developed, with an acute and marked dorsal margin; the frontal carinae short.</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="9.[805,1460,571,1912]" pageId="9" pageNumber="660">Compound eyes only slightly oval-shaped from lateral view and maximum head width with compound eyes slightly wider than HW (see Fig 3.7, Fig S1.6A and S1.6D). Compound eyes small relative to head length spanning one third or less of HL. Maximum diameter of compound eyes from 0.34 to 0.38 mm. Ocelli relatively small in diameter. The two lateral ocelli widely spaced and the median ocellus always smaller in diameter than the distance between the two lateral ocelli.</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="9.[805,1460,571,1912]" pageId="9" pageNumber="660">Mesoscutum convexly rounded anterodorsally. Mesoscutellum nearly in horizontal plane in lateral view. Propodeum flattened dorsally and drops off steeply posterior of the propodeal spiracle. Mesoscutum relatively short, stretching out over approximately a third of the alitrunk in lateral view. In dorsal view, posterior margin of the propodeum forms a straight line and mesonotum is broadly triangular. Propodeum not armed with spines.</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="9.[805,1460,571,1912]" pageId="9" pageNumber="660">
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Petiole in dorsal view rounded and node approximately as wide as long. Petiole approximately as wide as postpetiolar node (PI 0.97-1.12). In lateral view the petiole anterodorsally flattened and sloping downwards, and slightly longer than the postpetiole. Postpetiole rounded in lateral view without distinct nodes and subquadratic in dorsal view. (See
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<tableCitation box="[1378,1459,1854,1878]" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="8.[130,193,131,155]" captionTargetBox="[130,1482,181,1302]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Table 1. Overview of most distinct morphological characters of the Macaranga - associated Crematogaster (borneensis - group) species." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/72C46651FF9B9C77A5E0C7C9FA160884" pageId="9" pageNumber="660" tableUuid="72C46651FF9B9C77A5E0C7C9FA160884">Table 1</tableCitation>
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for comparative overview of queen characters.)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="10" pageNumber="661" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph blockId="10.[129,392,131,155]" box="[129,392,131,155]" pageId="10" pageNumber="661">
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<emphasis box="[129,392,131,155]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="661">Distribution and biology</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="10.[129,783,190,803]" pageId="10" pageNumber="661">
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<taxonomicName box="[204,462,190,213]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Crematogaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="661" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maryatii">
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<emphasis box="[204,462,190,213]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="661">Crematogaster maryatii</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is endemic to Borneo and is associated with hosts of the section
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<taxonomicName authority="Blume, 1826" authorityName="Blume" authorityYear="1826" box="[534,676,224,248]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Pachystemon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="10" pageNumber="661" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[534,676,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="661">Pachystemon</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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only (
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="661">
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Macaranga" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="10" pageNumber="661" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="havilandii">M. havilandii</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName box="[250,395,259,283]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Macaranga" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="10" pageNumber="661" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="hypoleuca">M. hypoleuca</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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,
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<taxonomicName box="[407,554,259,283]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Macaranga" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="10" pageNumber="661" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="motleyana">
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<emphasis box="[407,554,259,283]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="661">M. motleyana</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, locally
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<taxonomicName box="[646,776,259,283]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Macaranga" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="10" pageNumber="661" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="angulata">
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<emphasis box="[646,776,259,283]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="661">M. angulata</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, rarely
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<taxonomicName box="[198,348,294,318]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Macaranga" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="10" pageNumber="661" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="indistincta">
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<emphasis box="[198,348,294,318]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="661">M. indistincta</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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). The species colonizes waxy as well as non-waxy hosts, but the latter mostly in primary forest habitats, such as
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<taxonomicName authority="Danum Valley" authorityName="Danum Valley" box="[211,534,363,387]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Macaranga" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="10" pageNumber="661" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="indistincta">
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<emphasis box="[211,359,363,387]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="661">M. indistincta</emphasis>
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(Danum Valley)
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</taxonomicName>
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or
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<taxonomicName box="[567,697,363,387]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Macaranga" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="10" pageNumber="661" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="angulata">
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<emphasis box="[567,697,363,387]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="661">M. angulata</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(Poring Hot Spring at higher elevation). Due to the small-sized queen, small workers and early onset of reproduction (when colonies comprise approximately 500 workers) such hosts in relatively dark primary forest habitats may still sustain colonies of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Crematogaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="661" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maryatii">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="661">C. maryatii</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and enable them to reach the reproductive phase. In secondary forest the small queens may be able to colonize small saplings earlier than the larger queens of the
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<taxonomicName box="[683,773,606,629]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Crematogaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="661" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="captiosa">
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<emphasis box="[683,773,606,629]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="661">captiosa</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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- group (e.g. in
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<taxonomicName box="[290,439,640,664]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Macaranga" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="10" pageNumber="661" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="hypoleuca">
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<emphasis box="[290,439,640,664]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="661">M. hypoleuca</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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|
). Thus, the queens are usually found in the very first internodes developed by saplings (Feldhaar, pers. obs.). In previous publications by our group this species was referred to as
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|
<taxonomicName box="[452,611,745,768]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Crematogaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="661" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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|
<emphasis box="[452,611,745,768]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="661">Crematogaster</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
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|
msp. 7 (
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<bibRefCitation author="Fiala, B. & Jakob, A. & Maschwitz, U. & Linsenmair, K. E." journalOrPublisher="Biological Journal of the Linnean Society" pageId="10" pageNumber="661" pagination="305 - 331" part="66" publicationUrl="http://dx.doi.org/ 10.1111/j.1095-" refString="Fiala, B., Jakob, A., Maschwitz, U. & Linsenmair, K. E. (1999). Diversity, evolutionary specialization and geographic distribution of a mutualistic ant-plant complex: Macaranga and Crematogaster in South East Asia. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 66: 305 - 331. doi: 10.1111 / j. 1095 - 8312.1999. tb 01893. x" title="Diversity, evolutionary specialization and geographic distribution of a mutualistic ant-plant complex: Macaranga and Crematogaster in South East Asia" type="journal article" year="1999">Fiala et al., 1999</bibRefCitation>
|
|
;
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Feldhaar, H. & Fiala, B. & Hashim, R. B. & Maschwitz, U." box="[235,471,779,803]" journalOrPublisher="Insectes Sociaux" pageId="10" pageNumber="661" pagination="9 - 19" part="50" publicationUrl="http://dx.doi.org/ 10.1007/s000400300002" refString="Feldhaar, H., Fiala, B., Hashim, R. B. & Maschwitz, U. (2003 b). Patterns of the Crematogaster-Macaranga association: The ant partner makes the difference. Insectes Sociaux, 50: 9 - 19. doi: 10.1007 / s 000400300002" title="Patterns of the Crematogaster-Macaranga association: The ant partner makes the difference" type="journal article" year="2003" yearSuffix="b">Feldhaar et al., 2003b</bibRefCitation>
|
|
;
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Feldhaar, H. & Gadau, J. & Fiala, B." box="[481,701,779,803]" editor="M. Glaubrecht" journalOrPublisher="Berlin: Springer" pageId="10" pageNumber="661" pagination="193 - 213" refString="Feldhaar, H., Gadau, J. & Fiala, B. (2010). Speciation in obligately plant-associated Crematogaster ants: Hostdistribution rather than adaption towards specific hosts drives the process. In M. Glaubrecht & H. Schneider (Eds.), Evolution in action - Adaptive radiations and the origins of biodiversity (pp. 193 - 213). Berlin: Springer." title="Speciation in obligately plant-associated Crematogaster ants: Hostdistribution rather than adaption towards specific hosts drives the process" type="book chapter" volumeTitle="Evolution in action" year="2010">Feldhaar et al., 2010</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |