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<mods:title id="30DA827409DF84B17917AB58F84712CA">On Bulgarian sawflies, including a new species of Empria (Hymenoptera, Symphyta)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="6AB48600A86FEF4B0411E960C6536140">Liston, Andrew</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="45B390A24721478A2E268022C9F702F8">Senckenberg Deutsches Entomologisches Institut, Eberswalder Str. 90, 15374 Muencheberg, Germany</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="62C2068D6E1CBE73805A1EACCD11097D">Prous, Marko</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="3126ECF9AB8BF57189012E7DDDD65076" type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5329-7608</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="D1AC7E4C3AF1309D696FFDE7553AB3A6">Senckenberg Deutsches Entomologisches Institut, Eberswalder Str. 90, 15374 Muencheberg, Germany &amp; Department of Zoology, Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Vanemuise 46, 51014 Tartu, Estonia</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:affiliation id="9F900CB7FEBD2EA24699CCEEC6EF57EA">Department of Entomology, National Museum, Cirkusova 1740, 193 00 Praha - Horni Pocernice, Czech Republic</mods:affiliation>
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<treatment id="9408E84E51ADA8477D9E4B7B8C843E90" ID-GBIF-Taxon="182223511" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:9408E84E51ADA8477D9E4B7B8C843E90" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/9408E84E51ADA8477D9E4B7B8C843E90" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="97" pageId="10" pageNumber="95" scope_family="Tenthredinidae" scope_order="Hymenoptera">
<subSubSection id="463F5AC66E3AF69907E27CCB81DEF90E" pageId="10" pageNumber="95" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="B8D0693CF9EFF03CF736D081370EF02B" pageId="10" pageNumber="95">
<taxonomicName id="CE79CF0018D2250F0A7B6D6B6DDCB484" authority="(Konow, 1892) *" authorityName="*" baseAuthorityName="Konow" baseAuthorityYear="1892" class="Insecta" family="Tenthredinidae" genus="Neomessa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Neomessa steusloffi" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="95" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="steusloffi">Neomessa steusloffi (Konow, 1892) *</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="9C5EE41C234EE8EB89C6006D363F0E6B" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="96" pageId="10" pageNumber="95" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="862CE45E34EF7622741CA92E80610DF2" pageId="10" pageNumber="95">Material.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="ED8747DECF18CF7B2591E12F1B3CC81A" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="96" pageId="10" pageNumber="95">
Varna:
<specimenCount id="5211F6C6024265B32FA38CAB2B61606F" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
(DEI-GISHym88743), Tsonevo
<quantity id="3E05DA745DFB1879B86E263189D51EB2" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" unit="km" value="5.0">5 km</quantity>
S,
<quantity id="84E25263B1143594C952BE2CB55422B5" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" unit="m" value="100.0">100 m</quantity>
,
<geoCoordinate id="5F7C56D50F88139BF3E4DFB4C540BF2B" degrees="42.982" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="55" value="42.982">42.982N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="8902EBEE42682A79FCAD518EB12CA3FF" degrees="27.451" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="55" value="27.451">27.451E</geoCoordinate>
,
<date id="3D19F2BEAA5008292D33A4A899E9C00E" value="2018-04-02">02.04.2018</date>
.
<materialsCitation id="9637F2DFDF5CE6083F8739FC95FD71B7" collectingDate="2018-04-03" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1">
<specimenCount id="31E8FDF87FD4E78ACDA94D1BA8118901" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
(DEI-GISHym88749), locality as previous,
<collectingDate id="102C93A28EAEF06D0E2734C1F2758924" value="2018-04-03">03.04.2018</collectingDate>
</materialsCitation>
.
<specimenCount id="2BB9A2091571B574B36542088B42B1F8" type="female">6♀</specimenCount>
(including DEI-GISHym31831),
<specimenCount id="07BCB4980D960700ABA1E0F51377F359" type="male">4♂</specimenCount>
(including DEI-GISHym31830 and 31832), Dolni Chiflik
<quantity id="E3B0BC2A2C8817BFD26CCC074B0D1710" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" unit="km" value="2.0">2 km</quantity>
SE,
<quantity id="C4B79017F6CDC91A019D35A3CAB228A2" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" unit="m" value="50.0">50 m</quantity>
,
<geoCoordinate id="77F68DBC0D73537D14DF7FEE8411A65F" degrees="42.983" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="55" value="42.983">42.983N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="6032B47CA58FDF5C6FF9F48C6E88275F" degrees="27.743" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="55" value="27.743">27.743E</geoCoordinate>
,
<date id="40B4F814D88CD2D1B8150DA755C97CE7" value="2018-04-05">05.04.2018</date>
.
<materialsCitation id="D6EA76ADB98376FFC113E0D4CAE45556" collectingDate="2018-04-13" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1">
<specimenCount id="EA7F1539F266113AA9BD809F200C15EB" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
, locality as previous,
<collectingDate id="E720CDE3C428C8BEB5B6456744DC2B3D" value="2018-04-13">13.04.2018</collectingDate>
</materialsCitation>
.
<specimenCount id="B738AC78E2C84C58D228171444DA5CD9" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
, Staro Oryahovo
<quantity id="F67169D8E7FA39BB1203E003D2AE49A6" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" unit="km" value="2.0">2 km</quantity>
SW,
<quantity id="4EDD9EB62D70ED6D2B9D34548981DF9A" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" unit="m" value="120.0">120 m</quantity>
,
<geoCoordinate id="9D83DDA7343A3D180013419F31F9CA89" degrees="42.976" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="55" value="42.976">
<pageBreakToken id="8C4BD5FCC82447879D9AB97EC731F620" pageId="11" pageNumber="96" start="start">42.976</pageBreakToken>
N
</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="87DBE6A8BA37D639900B0AEA06106504" degrees="27.787" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="55" value="27.787">27.787E</geoCoordinate>
,
<date id="451DA8D783B6826835D15834B976DF56" value="2018-04-09">09.04.2018</date>
.
<materialsCitation id="A318E4E5AB3413A45B871915B299A598" collectingDate="2018-04-11" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1">
<specimenCount id="A330DFAAE627F23CB54CC60890BA7A6D" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
, locality as previous,
<collectingDate id="08235263B64691BC8FE673AE044794E3" value="2018-04-11">11.04.2018</collectingDate>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="E7D70D2D7A5199E5E6EDF0C686CBBB7F" pageId="11" pageNumber="96" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="14895AF43CF5C536FC076F03C73F92CA" pageId="11" pageNumber="96">Other material examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="856D50565B049F2FEE41AB682DB6BE9C" pageId="11" pageNumber="96">
<materialsCitation id="292C0A0AB513B34D0662AFC30FEC6347" collectingDate="2019-01-01" collectingDateMax="2019-12-31" collectingDateMin="2019-01-01" country="Germany" location="Mecklenburg-Vorpommern" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Mecklenburg-Vorpommern" typeStatus="lectotype">
<collectingCountry id="4E43CE407762D2844150768B9D538568" name="Germany">Germany</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingRegion id="0F290B192311229A70B4654D2C42ECB8" country="Germany" name="Mecklenburg-Vorpommern">Mecklenburg-Vorpommern</collectingRegion>
:
<specimenCount id="DFD53097512B94D0393AC90DC2F375C7" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
[
<typeStatus id="EF5B35EDFFD38F21505B199882BD7FF1">lectotype</typeStatus>
; in very poor condition], Neubrandenburg i. M. (SDEI)
</materialsCitation>
.
<specimenCount id="F2B7033E9C89FB2282BF7351E2134B8B" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
, near Teschendorf [according to
<bibRefCitation id="05779335B878E42CB396F06D0B0CE3A7" DOI="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.12830" author="Konow, FW" journalOrPublisher="Wiener entomologische Zeitung" pageId="18" pageNumber="103" pagination="173 - 187" refId="B32" refString="Konow, FW, 1897. Neue palaearctische Tenthrediniden. Wiener entomologische Zeitung 16 (6): 173 - 187, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.12830" title="Neue palaearctische Tenthrediniden." url="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.12830" volume="16" year="1897">Konow 1897</bibRefCitation>
: &quot;in hiesiger Gegend&quot;] (SDEI).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="7ED5DD736C152B96F3C061FE418D26A7" pageId="11" pageNumber="96" type="taxonomic history">
<paragraph id="CAB9026B97D9EEE4715D24B799E0B65E" pageId="11" pageNumber="96">Taxonomic history.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B8CFFF15CFA1497EBF7265240CB333A2" pageId="11" pageNumber="96">
?
<taxonomicName id="94F932185B9B3F9E879A711799DEDE4A" authorityName="Leach" authorityYear="1817" class="Insecta" family="Tenthredinidae" genus="Fenusa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Fenusa" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="96" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="71D3984D0BC3C920EBE0312ED921EEB3" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="96">Fenusa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov.
<bibRefCitation id="9EA0F5202E729AF17A4C14CAB12CE023" DOI="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.20138" author="Konow, FW" journalOrPublisher="Wiener entomologische Zeitung" pageId="18" pageNumber="103" pagination="295 - 301" refId="B29" refString="Konow, FW, 1885. Ueber Blattwespen. Wiener entomologische Zeitung 4 (10): 295 - 301, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.20138" title="Ueber Blattwespen." url="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.20138" volume="4" year="1885">Konow 1885</bibRefCitation>
: 298-299. Description of male.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0069248B6AC19D5DBBFC2BD83C940FBE" pageId="11" pageNumber="96">
<taxonomicName id="4E6D5F8A9B7E71C7231A5718CE0998A6" authorityName="Konow" authorityYear="1892" class="Insecta" family="Tenthredinidae" genus="Fenusa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Fenusa steusloffi" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="96" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="steusloffi">
<emphasis id="33FFB44BFDE0D1F107B844708DA5161A" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="96">Fenusa steusloffi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Konow, 1892: 213. Name proposed by indication on
<bibRefCitation id="00ECAE851595695E097319DF546CB4E6" DOI="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.20138" author="Konow, FW" journalOrPublisher="Wiener entomologische Zeitung" pageId="18" pageNumber="103" pagination="295 - 301" refId="B29" refString="Konow, FW, 1885. Ueber Blattwespen. Wiener entomologische Zeitung 4 (10): 295 - 301, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.20138" title="Ueber Blattwespen." url="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.20138" volume="4" year="1885">Konow (1885)</bibRefCitation>
. Syntypes. Type locality: Neubrandenburg i. M. [Germany, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Neubrandenburg].
<bibRefCitation id="F15B0E93E44FA6E28439F175BFBD00D8" DOI="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.12830" author="Konow, FW" journalOrPublisher="Wiener entomologische Zeitung" pageId="18" pageNumber="103" pagination="173 - 187" refId="B32" refString="Konow, FW, 1897. Neue palaearctische Tenthrediniden. Wiener entomologische Zeitung 16 (6): 173 - 187, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.12830" title="Neue palaearctische Tenthrediniden." url="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.12830" volume="16" year="1897">Konow 1897</bibRefCitation>
: 180-181, description of female.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CA7F1D53C4E1EA4804624D58BE2DB850" pageId="11" pageNumber="96">
<taxonomicName id="8E025C9383604FAC914D4D5AF1BAB44F" class="Insecta" family="Tenthredinidae" genus="Fenusa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Fenusa steusloffii" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="96" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="steusloffii">
<emphasis id="BCE3B3F33F004005E37F4B4EEFE6DFFF" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="96">Fenusa steusloffii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
<bibRefCitation id="AF6A896234FE4664C52853905F3A8ED9" DOI="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.10348" author="Dalla Torre, CG de" journalOrPublisher="Engelmann, Lipsiae" pageId="17" pageNumber="102" refId="B10" refString="Dalla Torre, CG de, 1894. Catalogus Hymenopterorum hucusque descriptorum systematicus et synonymicus. Vol. 1: Tenthredinidae incl. Uroceridae (Phyllophaga &amp; Xylophaga). G. Engelmann, Lipsiae, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.10348" title="Catalogus Hymenopterorum hucusque descriptorum systematicus et synonymicus. Vol. 1: Tenthredinidae incl. Uroceridae (Phyllophaga &amp; Xylophaga). G." url="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.10348" year="1894">Dalla Torre 1894</bibRefCitation>
: 157. Name for
<taxonomicName id="65A9DFE40A95DDAD11BDDBC6AA22742F" authorityName="Konow" authorityYear="1892" class="Insecta" family="Tenthredinidae" genus="Fenusa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Fenusa steusloffi" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="96" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="steusloffi">
<emphasis id="8DAE08A09F24DEB24308FCA0A07CE586" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="96">Fenusa steusloffi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Konow, 1892. Primary homonym of
<taxonomicName id="7B484CA24B3BCBF3C35FFC1306EF0201" authorityName="Konow" authorityYear="1892" class="Insecta" family="Tenthredinidae" genus="Fenusa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Fenusa steusloffi" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="96" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="steusloffi">
<emphasis id="667D75405A3A627302B2C7E097639B05" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="96">Fenusa steusloffi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Konow, 1892.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A8101478AABD103786BE2F6BA647B745" pageId="11" pageNumber="96">
<taxonomicName id="CE1832419A6649A5665486757DCC7E4D" class="Insecta" genus="Fenusella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Fenusella steusloffi" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="96" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="steusloffi">
<emphasis id="2359274783F1AA82AECBE5DA9373C1D7" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="96">Fenusella steusloffi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
<bibRefCitation id="CEBA4DCA6CF7CE2291AC6E6532129033" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1002/mmnd.48019140701" author="Enslin, E" journalOrPublisher="Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift Beiheft" pageId="18" pageNumber="103" pagination="203 - 309" refId="B16" refString="Enslin, E, 1914. Die Tenthredinoidea Mitteleuropas III. Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift Beiheft 3 (1914): 203 - 309, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/mmnd.48019140701" title="Die Tenthredinoidea Mitteleuropas III." url="https://doi.org/10.1002/mmnd.48019140701" volume="3" year="1914">Enslin 1914</bibRefCitation>
: 306. New combination.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6D2E513233C6766F747ABCA49C833EE3" pageId="11" pageNumber="96">
<taxonomicName id="55F905377EA1AADCD516B228E879995F" class="Insecta" family="Tenthredinidae" genus="Metallus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Metallus steusloffi" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="96" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="steusloffi">
<emphasis id="0E0C0C313ABA8C59DB75D406A75B07C4" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="96">Metallus steusloffi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
<bibRefCitation id="E6917EC0A90C670CEBA0090FD647C899" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3113.1959.tb00137.x" author="Benson, RB" journalOrPublisher="Series B: Taxonomy" pageId="17" pageNumber="102" pagination="90 - 92" refId="B3" refString="Benson, RB, 1959. Further studies on the Fenusini (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae). Proceedings of the Royal Entomological Society of London. Series B: Taxonomy 28 (5-6): 90 - 92, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3113.1959.tb00137.x" title="Further studies on the Fenusini (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae). Proceedings of the Royal Entomological Society of London." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3113.1959.tb00137.x" volume="28" year="1959">Benson 1959</bibRefCitation>
: 90. New combination, invalid lectotype designation [of the female specimen in SDEI collection].
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1966CD5CC937669278CF0F841FADFEC5" pageId="11" pageNumber="96">
<taxonomicName id="6B36D6696F382AF0693AE83BD554D942" authorityName="*" baseAuthorityName="Konow" baseAuthorityYear="1892" class="Insecta" family="Tenthredinidae" genus="Neomessa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Neomessa steusloffi" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="96" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="steusloffi">
<emphasis id="6C5946A4FD4F483A51C3F444AC1C88A0" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="96">Neomessa steusloffi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
<bibRefCitation id="E75E522570076BD178913C42FA2C9FBB" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1002/mmnd.19900370118" author="Koch, F" journalOrPublisher="Deutsche entomologische Zeitschrift, Neue Folge" pageId="18" pageNumber="103" pagination="71 - 87" refId="B28" refString="Koch, F, 1990. Die Gattungen Neomessa gen. nov. und Messa Leach in der palaearktischen Region (Hym., Tenthredinidae). Deutsche entomologische Zeitschrift, Neue Folge 37 (1-3): 71 - 87, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/mmnd.19900370118" title="Die Gattungen Neomessa gen. nov. und Messa Leach in der palaearktischen Region (Hym., Tenthredinidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.1002/mmnd.19900370118" volume="37" year="1990">Koch 1990</bibRefCitation>
: 72-73. New combination, redescription, lectotype designation.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8154B513A09B7B70E0EFAA1CA098AE8B" pageId="11" pageNumber="96">
This species (and thus the monotypic genus to which it belongs) does not run unambiguously to a genus in the key to fenusine genera of the world by
<bibRefCitation id="C89BC1CEC569E0C2FB73EA06D5E74BEB" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1163/187631276X00432" author="Smith, DR" journalOrPublisher="Entomologica Scandinavica" pageId="19" pageNumber="104" pagination="253 - 260" refId="B56" refString="Smith, DR, 1976a. World genera of the leaf-mining sawfly tribe Fenusini (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae). Entomologica Scandinavica 7: 253 - 260, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1163/187631276X00432" title="World genera of the leaf-mining sawfly tribe Fenusini (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.1163/187631276X00432" volume="7" year="1976 a">Smith (1976a)</bibRefCitation>
, because it has the following combination of characters: winged; tarsal claw with one outer tooth and an acute basal lobe; prepectus absent; genal carina absent; stub of vein 2A+3A of fore wing curved up. With the genal carina scored as absent (this character is difficult to see),
<taxonomicName id="C2A40D6BFDDD4C6D47A7AF2ECFE22467" lsidName="N. steusloffi" pageId="11" pageNumber="96" rank="species" species="steusloffi">
<emphasis id="11D9F8319C0AD5BBABC513E61C1ABAE6" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="96">N. steusloffi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
does not run past couplet 17, because the radial cell of the hind wing is open at the apex, but the stub of vein 2A+3A of the fore wing is curved. If the genal carina is scored as present, then in the final key couplet leading to
<taxonomicName id="F83DA8633604FB7FA3DFA6E76E4EB60A" authorityName="Konow" authorityYear="1890" class="Insecta" family="Tenthredinidae" genus="Scolioneura" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Scolioneura" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="96" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="96E365384CDE305FE79F57B35A7AFFDA" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="96">Scolioneura</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the character given by Smith &quot;antennal segments 3 and 4 about equal in length&quot; does not fit
<taxonomicName id="E1518CB8E61AFC138788C2EAC6324C36" lsidName="N. steusloffi" pageId="11" pageNumber="96" rank="species" species="steusloffi">
<emphasis id="962294310B7F4ED5D922B8483439258E" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="96">N. steusloffi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, which has antennomere 4 about 0.6
<normalizedToken id="CFAE3B40A86D068C5AB5F72744391ED5" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
as long as antennomere 3.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7C49736294B76D10B96BDF7CBBFD8681" pageId="11" pageNumber="96">
Both
<bibRefCitation id="B35531AFD1034FF057879AADD21B6CB0" DOI="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.20138" author="Konow, FW" journalOrPublisher="Wiener entomologische Zeitung" pageId="18" pageNumber="103" pagination="295 - 301" refId="B29" refString="Konow, FW, 1885. Ueber Blattwespen. Wiener entomologische Zeitung 4 (10): 295 - 301, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.20138" title="Ueber Blattwespen." url="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.20138" volume="4" year="1885">Konow (1885)</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation id="D40C8CB876200E1F90634870D751514E" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1002/mmnd.19900370118" author="Koch, F" journalOrPublisher="Deutsche entomologische Zeitschrift, Neue Folge" pageId="18" pageNumber="103" pagination="71 - 87" refId="B28" refString="Koch, F, 1990. Die Gattungen Neomessa gen. nov. und Messa Leach in der palaearktischen Region (Hym., Tenthredinidae). Deutsche entomologische Zeitschrift, Neue Folge 37 (1-3): 71 - 87, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/mmnd.19900370118" title="Die Gattungen Neomessa gen. nov. und Messa Leach in der palaearktischen Region (Hym., Tenthredinidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.1002/mmnd.19900370118" volume="37" year="1990">Koch (1990)</bibRefCitation>
have already described a distinctive character in the venation of
<taxonomicName id="19F6524A9D7F4C3520CA193A774B7713" authorityName="Koch" authorityYear="1990" class="Insecta" family="Tenthredinidae" genus="Neomessa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Neomessa" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="96" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="239436AE5E69A3E4AF8FB1E1D6BC1A52" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="96">Neomessa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: fore wing vein Rs+M is largely obsolete except for a small stub on Rs, and Rs is strongly bent at this point (Fig.
<figureCitation id="A45595656612C5E913A5D1F239BCAE2D" captionStart="Figures 4146" captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figures 41 - 46. Neomessa steusloffi. 41, 42 Female habitus, bend on vein Rs arrowed, DEI-GISHym 31831. 43 Male DEI-GISHym 31832 habitus. 44 Male DEI-GISHym 31832 abdomen ventral. 45 Male DEI-GISHym 31830 abdomen dorsal. 46 DEI-GISHym 88743 Penis valve." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.66.34309.figures41-46" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/310321" pageId="11" pageNumber="96">41</figureCitation>
). All examined specimens show this. Within the
<taxonomicName id="A3262A5B8B7FB2DDCB567781338BA242" lsidName="" pageId="11" pageNumber="96" rank="tribe" tribe="Fenusini">Fenusini</taxonomicName>
, this character is apparently unique to
<taxonomicName id="F878AFF83E546459519878795EC6F572" authorityName="Koch" authorityYear="1990" class="Insecta" family="Tenthredinidae" genus="Neomessa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Neomessa" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="96" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="52B47FF5A18B288D4DFFF8740E468950" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="96">Neomessa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Furthermore, fore wing vein M is very straight, whereas it is basally curved in most other genera. The male (Fig.
<figureCitation id="56D3698EC8025EDDD0FA7588E7B46C69" captionStart="Figures 4146" captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figures 41 - 46. Neomessa steusloffi. 41, 42 Female habitus, bend on vein Rs arrowed, DEI-GISHym 31831. 43 Male DEI-GISHym 31832 habitus. 44 Male DEI-GISHym 31832 abdomen ventral. 45 Male DEI-GISHym 31830 abdomen dorsal. 46 DEI-GISHym 88743 Penis valve." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.66.34309.figures41-46" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/310321" pageId="11" pageNumber="96">43</figureCitation>
) is additionally easily distinguishable from other Western Palaearctic fenusines by the colour of the abdomen, which is black with the following yellow: apical terga from T5 or T6 (Fig.
<figureCitation id="9E19A763D30C87D087DE78D5BBC1B285" captionStart="Figures 4146" captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figures 41 - 46. Neomessa steusloffi. 41, 42 Female habitus, bend on vein Rs arrowed, DEI-GISHym 31831. 43 Male DEI-GISHym 31832 habitus. 44 Male DEI-GISHym 31832 abdomen ventral. 45 Male DEI-GISHym 31830 abdomen dorsal. 46 DEI-GISHym 88743 Penis valve." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.66.34309.figures41-46" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/310321" pageId="11" pageNumber="96">45</figureCitation>
), sterna S8 and S9 and narrow distal margin of S7 (Fig.
<figureCitation id="80A18690A1BD7B542F464C54FBFE7FD0" captionStart="Figures 4146" captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figures 41 - 46. Neomessa steusloffi. 41, 42 Female habitus, bend on vein Rs arrowed, DEI-GISHym 31831. 43 Male DEI-GISHym 31832 habitus. 44 Male DEI-GISHym 31832 abdomen ventral. 45 Male DEI-GISHym 31830 abdomen dorsal. 46 DEI-GISHym 88743 Penis valve." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.66.34309.figures41-46" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/310321" pageId="11" pageNumber="96">44</figureCitation>
), and visible parts of genitalia. Only the male of
<taxonomicName id="1FA366BABCCD9B43A5718FF13AD6B294" baseAuthorityName="Klug" baseAuthorityYear="1816" class="Insecta" family="Tenthredinidae" genus="Parna" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Parna tenella" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="96" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tenella">
<emphasis id="E932211062825D20A436F407119A27FF" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="96">Parna tenella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Klug, 1816) also has an extensively yellow abdomen; but it differs in only abdominal terga 1 and 2 being mainly black, and in its largely pale legs (legs nearly entirely black in
<taxonomicName id="EDA061CE7249430ED4EF566AC4D6FB1E" lsidName="N. steusloffi" pageId="11" pageNumber="96" rank="species" species="steusloffi">
<emphasis id="0A7EDAEC249DB552C414E588D486AE41" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="96">N. steusloffi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: Figs
<figureCitation id="38621763EEBA11F4F15E35C133BA2F3F" captionStart="Figures 4146" captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figures 41 - 46. Neomessa steusloffi. 41, 42 Female habitus, bend on vein Rs arrowed, DEI-GISHym 31831. 43 Male DEI-GISHym 31832 habitus. 44 Male DEI-GISHym 31832 abdomen ventral. 45 Male DEI-GISHym 31830 abdomen dorsal. 46 DEI-GISHym 88743 Penis valve." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.66.34309.figures41-46" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/310321" pageId="11" pageNumber="96">42</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="76E409E71C729F1C01043CFEA7428A1A" captionStart="Figures 4146" captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figures 41 - 46. Neomessa steusloffi. 41, 42 Female habitus, bend on vein Rs arrowed, DEI-GISHym 31831. 43 Male DEI-GISHym 31832 habitus. 44 Male DEI-GISHym 31832 abdomen ventral. 45 Male DEI-GISHym 31830 abdomen dorsal. 46 DEI-GISHym 88743 Penis valve." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.66.34309.figures41-46" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/310321" pageId="11" pageNumber="96">43</figureCitation>
). We illustrate the penis valve of one of the Bulgarian specimens (Fig.
<figureCitation id="ACFCEEB3613CE1CE4D198CD6D2C9F86F" captionStart="Figures 4146" captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figures 41 - 46. Neomessa steusloffi. 41, 42 Female habitus, bend on vein Rs arrowed, DEI-GISHym 31831. 43 Male DEI-GISHym 31832 habitus. 44 Male DEI-GISHym 31832 abdomen ventral. 45 Male DEI-GISHym 31830 abdomen dorsal. 46 DEI-GISHym 88743 Penis valve." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.66.34309.figures41-46" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/310321" pageId="11" pageNumber="96">46</figureCitation>
), because the drawing by
<bibRefCitation id="611DA1EB2A1B94DD8EE9F7E636214243" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1002/mmnd.19900370118" author="Koch, F" journalOrPublisher="Deutsche entomologische Zeitschrift, Neue Folge" pageId="18" pageNumber="103" pagination="71 - 87" refId="B28" refString="Koch, F, 1990. Die Gattungen Neomessa gen. nov. und Messa Leach in der palaearktischen Region (Hym., Tenthredinidae). Deutsche entomologische Zeitschrift, Neue Folge 37 (1-3): 71 - 87, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/mmnd.19900370118" title="Die Gattungen Neomessa gen. nov. und Messa Leach in der palaearktischen Region (Hym., Tenthredinidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.1002/mmnd.19900370118" volume="37" year="1990">Koch (1990)</bibRefCitation>
lacks detail.
</paragraph>
<caption id="C3B3266ECE787694CED702E5B91DE19C" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3252287" doi="10.3897/dez.66.34309.figures41-46" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/310321" pageId="11" pageNumber="96" start="Figures 4146" startId="F12">
<paragraph id="1EC45F42C24B9111DFC23EF9FC3B5BCA" pageId="11" pageNumber="96">
<emphasis id="42DE5D5E411A1DB656515F3B4A4F6D37" bold="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="96">Figures 41-46.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="031F1E4412E2256EA7484BBC1885C45C" authorityName="*" baseAuthorityName="Konow" baseAuthorityYear="1892" class="Insecta" family="Tenthredinidae" genus="Neomessa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Neomessa steusloffi" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="96" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="steusloffi">
<emphasis id="3603FB30B730FA39659EDF7A3B264485" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="96">Neomessa steusloffi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
<emphasis id="F2B8A969959198D78F9CB3AB8CC91AC8" bold="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="96">41, 42</emphasis>
Female habitus, bend on vein Rs arrowed, DEI-GISHym31831.
<emphasis id="69F9809915ECD81F0EE2830CDA685A4B" bold="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="96">43</emphasis>
Male DEI-GISHym31832 habitus.
<emphasis id="E90B8FAC49DC040522115D088E41E669" bold="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="96">44</emphasis>
Male DEI-GISHym31832 abdomen ventral.
<emphasis id="97B50F3617E9FA2A636D1DA9016B0144" bold="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="96">45</emphasis>
Male DEI-GISHym31830 abdomen dorsal.
<emphasis id="0D27B2470A02382BAC1EEDAB34170D8A" bold="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="96">46</emphasis>
DEI-GISHym88743 Penis valve.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="5D55DD731B76DF2587FC3185DDF41608" pageId="11" pageNumber="96">
Based on the combined analyses of mitochondrial COI and nuclear NaK genes (one sequenced male DEI-GISHym88743), the species forms a strongly supported clade with
<taxonomicName id="B28DB4ABC567A79FE350A277B6124A38" authorityName="Konow" authorityYear="1890" class="Insecta" family="Tenthredinidae" genus="Scolioneura" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Scolioneura" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="96" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="18361BD267A65D77E10236652C085C31" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="96">Scolioneura</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="BE962BDBBD278DFE3D6BFF2C2180576B" class="Insecta" genus="Fenusella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Fenusella" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="96" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="D4252E906FF009095B13EF8A05504256" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="96">Fenusella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but the relationships between the three genera are less well resolved (Fig.
<figureCitation id="63F12A26252EFB58E8887C661F799EC6" captionStart="Figure 47" captionStartId="F13" captionText="Figure 47. Maximum likelihood tree of Blennocampinae and Heterarthrinae based on two genes (COI and NaK). Best-fit model chosen according to Bayesian information criterion was GTR + I + G 4. Numbers beside nodes show SH-aLRT support (%) / ultrafast bootstrap support (%) values. Support values for weakly supported branches (&lt;90) are not shown. Letters &quot; f &quot; and &quot; m &quot; stand for &quot; female &quot; and &quot; male &quot;. Numbers at the end of the tip labels refer to the length of the sequence and the number of ambiguous positions (e. g. polymorphisms). The tree was rooted according to the results of Leppaenen et al. (2012). The scale bar shows the number of estimated substitutions per nucleotide position." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.66.34309.figure47" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/310322" pageId="11" pageNumber="96">47</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="3DB2E98920A8B007659BCEC3CBF3A25B" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3252273" doi="10.3897/dez.66.34309.figure47" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/310322" pageId="11" pageNumber="96" start="Figure 47" startId="F13">
<paragraph id="BAB814C146EFFD738545246D0DA5EC88" pageId="11" pageNumber="96">
<emphasis id="11931A2F254EB39FC70AAC23BB627239" bold="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="96">Figure 47.</emphasis>
Maximum likelihood tree of
<taxonomicName id="1ACB80DFF0FC15C4D6C794C1CE276864" authorityName="Konow" authorityYear="1890" lsidName="" pageId="11" pageNumber="96" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Blennocampinae">Blennocampinae</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="5C6C48A8DCB19A682564993897E7C923" lsidName="" pageId="11" pageNumber="96" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Heterarthrinae">Heterarthrinae</taxonomicName>
based on two genes (COI and NaK). Best-fit model chosen according to Bayesian information criterion was GTR+I+G4. Numbers beside nodes show SH-aLRT support (%) / ultrafast bootstrap support (%) values. Support values for weakly supported branches (&lt;90) are not shown. Letters
<normalizedToken id="782A9A239B38F605ABF2EB4B67BFE696" originalValue="“f”">&quot;f&quot;</normalizedToken>
and
<normalizedToken id="85A2E0E4E0CD67BF5A48BF1DA84911A7" originalValue="“m”">&quot;m&quot;</normalizedToken>
stand for
<normalizedToken id="3A19E32EAA5F534978A6EA93AD7C9A65" originalValue="“female”">&quot;female&quot;</normalizedToken>
and
<normalizedToken id="DF02E41E66E66E334EEB93D72CE2CBFD" originalValue="“male”">&quot;male&quot;</normalizedToken>
. Numbers at the end of the tip labels refer to the length of the sequence and the number of ambiguous positions (e.g. polymorphisms). The tree was rooted according to the results of
<bibRefCitation id="8FBF934091029BBD91DF310457F5C9C1" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2012.04.005" author="Leppaenen, S" journalOrPublisher="Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution" pageId="18" pageNumber="103" pagination="331 - 341" refId="B36" refString="Leppaenen, S, Altenhofer, E, Liston, AD, Nyman, T, 2012. Phylogenetics and evolution of host-plant use in leaf-mining sawflies (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae: Heterarthrinae). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 64: 331 - 341, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2012.04.005" title="Phylogenetics and evolution of host-plant use in leaf-mining sawflies (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae: Heterarthrinae)." url="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2012.04.005" volume="64" year="2012">
<normalizedToken id="A90A2147BB6579E81EDF9611FD68DE12" originalValue="Leppänen">Leppaenen</normalizedToken>
et al. (2012)
</bibRefCitation>
. The scale bar shows the number of estimated substitutions per nucleotide position.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="ECFD5D4C8E0378AF62FA38C7A91860F7" pageId="12" pageNumber="97" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="2DAA2CD74309443A45E8A7B3824AA13B" pageId="12" pageNumber="97">
<pageBreakToken id="217C670A64692A8F109004268D569E02" pageId="12" pageNumber="97" start="start">Biology</pageBreakToken>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="098EF80EC199357E01D960182F3C1462" pageId="12" pageNumber="97">
Host plant unknown. All the Bulgarian specimens were swept from the newly opened buds or fresh leaves of one or more unidentified
<taxonomicName id="38123C54E8B91DB23E6C8DDBD28B15F0" class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Quercus" order="Fagales" pageId="12" pageNumber="97" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="F634238CA7C677DC0FFBA410976D0AA5" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="97">Quercus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species, with the exception of the first male, which was swept from low vegetation just outside an area of mixed woodland. According to
<bibRefCitation id="76EC7AF027BE94AE5BAAACFC0B4CD7B6" DOI="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.20138" author="Konow, FW" journalOrPublisher="Wiener entomologische Zeitung" pageId="18" pageNumber="103" pagination="295 - 301" refId="B29" refString="Konow, FW, 1885. Ueber Blattwespen. Wiener entomologische Zeitung 4 (10): 295 - 301, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.20138" title="Ueber Blattwespen." url="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.20138" volume="4" year="1885">Konow (1885)</bibRefCitation>
, the small series of syntype males was collected from flowers of
<taxonomicName id="5EB2DFC30B11DDFEB6291C448DC1B9D7" class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Rosaceae" genus="Prunus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Prunus spinosa" order="Rosales" pageId="12" pageNumber="97" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="spinosa">
<emphasis id="621E2AC1ABE9867699372F2D75EDD487" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="97">Prunus spinosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Subsequent authors (e.g.
<bibRefCitation id="699CE23C4E1171CAB17DB298ECF43B19" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3113.1959.tb00137.x" author="Benson, RB" journalOrPublisher="Series B: Taxonomy" pageId="17" pageNumber="102" pagination="90 - 92" refId="B3" refString="Benson, RB, 1959. Further studies on the Fenusini (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae). Proceedings of the Royal Entomological Society of London. Series B: Taxonomy 28 (5-6): 90 - 92, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3113.1959.tb00137.x" title="Further studies on the Fenusini (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae). Proceedings of the Royal Entomological Society of London." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3113.1959.tb00137.x" volume="28" year="1959">Benson 1959</bibRefCitation>
) have therefore suspected
<taxonomicName id="0E28146F9D2EE970BC9E900DFA9A505C" lsidName="P. spinosa" pageId="12" pageNumber="97" rank="species" species="spinosa">
<emphasis id="0ABBEEFA9DA446185721CFD322CA9D4E" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="97">P. spinosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
to be the host plant. According to our observations,
<taxonomicName id="312654EF3981E8421E4561EB7CEB1D76" class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Quercus" order="Fagales" pageId="12" pageNumber="97" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="162A8ACB815158A971EE3E2FCF73E9F2" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="97">Quercus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
seems to be a more likely host.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="6F859F641C3754212627A108845D63FA" pageId="12" pageNumber="97" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="F783A3CC643D86DDF294FF263E90C318" pageId="12" pageNumber="97">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A94D5E8D83C4ADC9D033A4FC10A3AB9A" pageId="12" pageNumber="97">
Previously only definitely known from Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, in north-eastern Germany, and now from south-eastern Bulgaria.
<bibRefCitation id="EB3623801A4B11C72AAFBCD89295B34F" author="Muche, WH" journalOrPublisher="Abhandlungen und Berichte des Naturkundemuseums Goerlitz" pageId="18" pageNumber="103" pagination="29 - 30" refId="B47" refString="Muche, WH, 1973. Seltene und fuer die DDR neue Blattwespen aus der Oberlausitz. Abhandlungen und Berichte des Naturkundemuseums Goerlitz 48 (16): 29 - 30" title="Seltene und fuer die DDR neue Blattwespen aus der Oberlausitz." volume="48" year="1973">Muche (1973)</bibRefCitation>
published a record of a female identified as this species from
<normalizedToken id="6F3A9F31D965A74F9A52019AADBA7EEA" originalValue="Großschönau">Grossschoenau</normalizedToken>
(Germany, Saxony). However, because he mentioned that this specimen possessed four cubital cells in the fore wing (unlike any specimens which we have seen), it seems likely that it was misidentified.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>