194 lines
20 KiB
XML
194 lines
20 KiB
XML
<document id="3BFC3744C7643A45E5FD496481AC9054" ID-CLB-Dataset="28047" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4508.2.7" ID-GBIF-Dataset="a3aa3617-4870-49f3-91c7-b49221dc5489" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="2607064" ID-ZooBank="A0F23351-EC6D-493A-B4A1-A4C25102B1E0" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1553585859053" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Broek, Reinoud Van Den, Smit, John T., Bree, Elias De & Beentjes, Kevin" docDate="2018" docId="7C47FC722256E730FF128084FA04FB5F" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4508.2.7.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4508 (2)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Tolmerus" docType="key" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="257" masterDocId="807E840A225EE738FF85801CFF98FF8C" masterDocTitle="Tolmerus calceatus (Meigen) confirmed as a valid species separate from Tolmerus atricapillus (Fallén) (Diptera: Asilidae)" masterLastPageNumber="258" masterPageNumber="249" pageNumber="257" updateTime="1698713008549" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods id="55D9113EF9F82E198F193E6719A952D8" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="219366F36EDC03DB7CAE5D835357DB9F">
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<mods:title id="26E528D8FF8868F90467B5C0DDB9FF15">Tolmerus calceatus (Meigen) confirmed as a valid species separate from Tolmerus atricapillus (Fallén) (Diptera: Asilidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="D3A0FCF536880A49C37E208C8C021278" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="11B9C954188BE47CEB4CB3832B0CCE21">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="45EA58DF82F76789558B2E46D6CC36A6">Broek, Reinoud Van Den</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:roleTerm id="20FEE7A4D4DAF2C32D9A20373FEAE378">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="AD24297827DE940A6DC4E63EEA9298F5">Smit, John T.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="7BA4D0C7E06071C2AAF2735FCE03C3C2">Bree, Elias De</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="7AF5A15A2319D7319B5B65BD765BC5AF" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="2D7D633C6A2D2561E7FE70416D1BA85B">Beentjes, Kevin</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="DCB2B00C42978BE2C9BC1968D2ED809B">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="0BB3B634597EBD7AC166A7206B77A92C">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="EC1A6D8F0B8BB84BFD9A930A5902EEB7">
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<mods:date id="80C829F1DEF6EE2BF7D170E608B89920">2018</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="D91F3B9D290B9BF1E6CAC59FF9EEE857">2018-10-31</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="4B9EE96DFEA896640FE54B2070627197">4508</mods:number>
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<treatment id="7C47FC722256E730FF128084FA04FB5F" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5966523" ID-GBIF-Taxon="154495789" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5966523" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:7C47FC722256E730FF128084FA04FB5F" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/7C47FC722256E730FF128084FA04FB5F" lastPageNumber="257" pageId="8" pageNumber="257">
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<subSubSection id="BCF41EEF2256E730FF128084FE12FD11" pageId="8" pageNumber="257" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="F4514D642256E730FF128084FCB9FF3E" blockId="8.[151,801,152,178]" box="[151,801,152,178]" pageId="8" pageNumber="257">
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<heading id="AF19FA082256E730FF128084FCB9FF3E" bold="true" box="[151,801,152,178]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="257" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="C69A91762256E730FF128084FCB9FF3E" bold="true" box="[151,801,152,178]" pageId="8" pageNumber="257">
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Key to the northwestern European
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<taxonomicName id="33EE36E72256E730FDD58084FD26FF3E" ID-CoL="7XHH" ID-ENA="468813" box="[592,702,152,178]" class="Insecta" family="Asilidae" genus="Tolmerus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="257" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="C69A91762256E730FDD58084FD26FF3E" bold="true" box="[592,702,152,178]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="257">Tolmerus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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-species
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="F4514D642256E730FF1280C2FDAEFEEF" blockId="8.[151,1436,222,355]" pageId="8" pageNumber="257">
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The key is largely based on Van den
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<bibRefCitation id="907F30952256E730FDC380C2FCF5FF7B" author="Van den Broek, R. & Schulten, A." box="[582,877,222,247]" pageId="8" pageNumber="257" refId="ref4316" refString="Van den Broek, R. & Schulten, A. (2017) Fieldguide to the robberflies of the Netherlands and Belgium. Jeugdbondsuitgeverij, ' s Gravenland, 136 pp." type="book" year="2017">Broek & Schulten (2017)</bibRefCitation>
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. In NW Europe
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<taxonomicName id="33EE36E72256E730FBA880C2FB0CFF7B" box="[1069,1172,222,247]" class="Insecta" family="Asilidae" genus="Tolmerus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="257" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="C69A91762256E730FBA880C2FB0CFF7B" box="[1069,1172,222,247]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="257">Tolmerus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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can be separated from
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<taxonomicName id="33EE36E72256E730FF12811EFE94FE97" authorityName="Loew" authorityYear="1849" box="[151,268,258,283]" class="Insecta" family="Asilidae" genus="Machimus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="257" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="C69A91762256E730FF12811EFE94FE97" box="[151,268,258,283]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="257">Machimus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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by the relative small size (
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<quantity id="3316E0812256E730FDC7811FFD28FE96" box="[578,688,259,283]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.35" metricValueMax="1.8" metricValueMin="0.9" pageId="8" pageNumber="257" unit="mm" value="13.5" valueMax="18.0" valueMin="9.0">9–18 mm</quantity>
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vs
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<quantity id="3316E0812256E730FD5F811EFCC1FE97" box="[730,857,258,283]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.15" metricValueMax="2.8" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="8" pageNumber="257" unit="mm" value="21.5" valueMax="28.0" valueMin="15.0">15–28 mm</quantity>
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), the reduced number of scutellar marginal bristles (
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<taxonomicName id="33EE36E72256E730FF25813AFE9DFEB3" box="[160,261,294,319]" class="Insecta" family="Asilidae" genus="Tolmerus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="257" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="C69A91762256E730FF25813AFE9DFEB3" box="[160,261,294,319]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="257">Tolmerus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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: 2–4, rarely 6,
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<taxonomicName id="33EE36E72256E730FE34813AFDBDFEB3" authorityName="Loew" authorityYear="1849" box="[433,549,294,319]" class="Insecta" family="Asilidae" genus="Machimus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="257" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="C69A91762256E730FE34813AFDBDFEB3" box="[433,549,294,319]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="257">Machimus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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: 6–8). From
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<taxonomicName id="33EE36E72256E730FD3D813BFCC8FEB2" authorityName="Lehr" authorityYear="1992" box="[696,848,295,318]" class="Insecta" family="Asilidae" genus="Neoepitriptus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="257" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="C69A91762256E730FD3D813BFCC8FEB2" box="[696,848,295,318]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="257">Neoepitriptus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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it can separated by the absence of bristles on ventral side the fore femora and on sternites.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="F4514D642256E730FF12818EFA04FDB6" blockId="8.[151,1436,402,570]" pageId="8" pageNumber="257">
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1 Femora and tibiae entirely black..............................................................
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<taxonomicName id="33EE36E72256E730FA80818EFA03FE2B" authority="Loew" authorityName="Loew" authorityYear="1854" box="[1285,1435,402,423]" class="Insecta" family="Asilidae" genus="Tolmerus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="257" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="atripes">
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<emphasis id="C69A91762256E730FA80818EFAC7FE2B" box="[1285,1375,402,423]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="257">T. atripes</emphasis>
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Loew
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</taxonomicName>
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- Femora black with red markings, tibiae red with black markings................................................ 2 2 Fore and mid tibiae red with a distinct black spot in the middle and apically black................................... - Tibia red with black markings but no distinct spot in the middle................................................. 4 3 Femora black with an apical red ring and a full red stripe posteriorly..........................
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<taxonomicName id="33EE36E72256E730FB34821BFA03FD90" authority="(Fabricius)" authorityName="Speight" authorityYear="1987" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1781" box="[1201,1435,519,540]" class="Insecta" family="Asilidae" genus="Tolmerus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="257" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cingulatus">
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<emphasis id="C69A91762256E730FB34821BFAB5FD90" box="[1201,1325,519,540]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="257">T. cingulatus</emphasis>
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(Fabricius)
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</taxonomicName>
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- Femora black with only an subapical red ring.................................................
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<taxonomicName id="33EE36E72256E730FB688239FA04FDB6" authority="(Hobby)" baseAuthorityName="Hobby" baseAuthorityYear="1946" box="[1261,1436,549,570]" class="Insecta" family="Asilidae" genus="Tolmerus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="257" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cowini">
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<emphasis id="C69A91762256E730FB688239FADCFDB6" box="[1261,1348,549,570]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="257">T. cowini</emphasis>
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(Hobby)
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="F4514D642256E730FF12827CFE12FD11" blockId="8.[151,1436,607,669]" pageId="8" pageNumber="257">For the following species only males are keyed, for females are very difficult to identify without their accompanying males.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="BCF41EEF2256E730FF1282D0FA04FB5F" pageId="8" pageNumber="257" type="key">
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<keyStep id="4F1A55C12256E730FF1282D0FA03FD72" pageId="8" pageNumber="257">
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<paragraph id="F4514D642256E730FF1282D0FA03FD6D" blockId="8.[151,1436,716,1235]" box="[151,1435,716,737]" pageId="8" pageNumber="257">
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<keyLead id="4F1FEE512256E730FF1282D0FA03FD6D" box="[151,1435,716,737]" pageId="8" pageNumber="257">4 Hind margin of the 8th sternite with a forked projection....................................................... 5</keyLead>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="F4514D642256E730FF1282F5FA03FD72" blockId="8.[151,1436,716,1235]" box="[151,1435,745,766]" pageId="8" pageNumber="257">
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<keyLead id="4F1FEE512256E730FF1282F5FA03FD72" box="[151,1435,745,766]" pageId="8" pageNumber="257">- Hind margin of the 8th sternite straight..................................................................... 6</keyLead>
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</paragraph>
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</keyStep>
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<keyStep id="4F1A55C12256E730FF12831AFA04FC22" pageId="8" pageNumber="257">
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<paragraph id="F4514D642256E730FF12831AFA04FCDA" blockId="8.[151,1436,716,1235]" pageId="8" pageNumber="257">
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<keyLead id="4F1FEE512256E730FF12831AFA04FCDA" pageId="8" pageNumber="257">
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5 Dark, grayish brown to brown species. Hair on frons black, postocular bristles mostly black. Mystax largely black, only in lower third white to yellowish bristles. Longer hairs between dorsocentral bristles in prescutellar area black, long hairs on dorsal side anepisternum black. Fore femora black, usually only the posterior apical half red............
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<taxonomicName id="33EE36E72256E730FB46835DFA04FCDA" authority="(Fallen)" authorityName="Fallen" baseAuthorityName="Fallen" baseAuthorityYear="1814" box="[1219,1436,833,854]" class="Insecta" family="Asilidae" genus="Tolmerus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="257" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="atricapillus">
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<emphasis id="C69A91762256E730FB46835DFAD1FCDA" box="[1219,1353,833,854]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="257">T. atricapillus</emphasis>
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(Fallén)
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</taxonomicName>
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</keyLead>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="F4514D642256E730FF128342FA04FC22" blockId="8.[151,1436,716,1235]" pageId="8" pageNumber="257">
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<keyLead id="4F1FEE512256E730FF128342FA04FC22" pageId="8" pageNumber="257">
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- Brown to golden brown species. Hair on frons white, postocular bristles mostly reddish. Mystax in top half black, lower half reddish. Longer hairs between dorsocentrals in prescutellar area white, long hairs on dorsal side of anepisternum white. Fore femora black, always with a full red stripe on the posterodorsal side............................
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<taxonomicName id="33EE36E72256E730FB4F8385FA04FC22" authority="(Meigen)" authorityName="Broek & Smit & Bree & Beentjes" authorityYear="2018" baseAuthorityName="Meigen" baseAuthorityYear="1820" box="[1226,1436,921,942]" class="Insecta" family="Asilidae" genus="Tolmerus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="257" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="calceatus">
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<emphasis id="C69A91762256E730FB4F8385FAA4FC22" box="[1226,1340,921,942]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="257">T. calceatus</emphasis>
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(Meigen)
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</taxonomicName>
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</keyLead>
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</paragraph>
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</keyStep>
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<keyStep id="4F1A55C12256E730FF1283AAFA03FBD2" pageId="8" pageNumber="257">
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<paragraph id="F4514D642256E730FF1283AAFA04FBAF" blockId="8.[151,1436,716,1235]" pageId="8" pageNumber="257">
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<keyLead id="4F1FEE512256E730FF1283AAFA04FBAF" pageId="8" pageNumber="257">
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6 Mystax black in top half, white in lower half. Legs very variable in colour, femora sometimes entirely black but usually with a red spot just before the apex on anterior side and more or less red in the apical half posteriorly. Hypopygium red, epandrium bent halfway, apically somewhat pointed. Gonopod with 3 black bristle like hairs. Small species
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<quantity id="3316E0812256E730FB0583EDFB42FB8A" box="[1152,1242,1009,1030]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.15" metricValueMax="1.4" metricValueMin="0.9" pageId="8" pageNumber="257" unit="mm" value="11.5" valueMax="14.0" valueMin="9.0">9–14 mm</quantity>
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......................................................................................................
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<taxonomicName id="33EE36E72256E730FB628412FA04FBAF" authority="(Zeller)" authorityName="Zeller" baseAuthorityName="Zeller" baseAuthorityYear="1840" box="[1255,1436,1038,1059]" class="Insecta" family="Asilidae" genus="Tolmerus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="257" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pyragra">
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<emphasis id="C69A91762256E730FB628412FAD4FBAF" box="[1255,1356,1038,1059]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="257">T. pyragra</emphasis>
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(Zeller)
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</taxonomicName>
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</keyLead>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="F4514D642256E730FF128430FA03FBD2" blockId="8.[151,1436,716,1235]" pageId="8" pageNumber="257">
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<keyLead id="4F1FEE512256E730FF128430FA03FBD2" pageId="8" pageNumber="257">
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- Mystax black, only in lower third white bristles. Femora black, posteriorly with a full red stripe. Hypopygium reddish to black, epandrium shaped differently. Medium sized brown
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<emphasis id="C69A91762256E730FD528455FD70FBD2" box="[727,744,1097,1118]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="257">T.</emphasis>
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species,
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<quantity id="3316E0812256E730FCBA8455FC3EFBD2" box="[831,934,1097,1118]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" metricValueMax="1.6" metricValueMin="1.2" pageId="8" pageNumber="257" unit="mm" value="14.0" valueMax="16.0" valueMin="12.0">12–16 mm</quantity>
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........................................ 7
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</keyLead>
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</paragraph>
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</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="4F1A55C12256E730FF12847AFA04FB5F" pageId="8" pageNumber="257">
|
||
<paragraph id="F4514D642256E730FF12847AFA04FB15" blockId="8.[151,1436,716,1235]" pageId="8" pageNumber="257">
|
||
<keyLead id="4F1FEE512256E730FF12847AFA04FB15" pageId="8" pageNumber="257">
|
||
7 Hypopygium dark brown to reddish. Epandrium almost straight, a little widened apically. Gonopod with black hair..............................................................................................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="33EE36E72256E730FB648498FA04FB15" authority="(Meigen)" authorityName="Meigen" baseAuthorityName="Meigen" baseAuthorityYear="1820" box="[1249,1436,1156,1177]" class="Insecta" family="Asilidae" genus="Tolmerus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="257" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="micans">
|
||
<emphasis id="C69A91762256E730FB648498FAA4FB15" box="[1249,1340,1156,1177]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="257">T. micans</emphasis>
|
||
(Meigen)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F4514D642256E730FF1284BDFA04FB5F" blockId="8.[151,1436,716,1235]" pageId="8" pageNumber="257">
|
||
<keyLead id="4F1FEE512256E730FF1284BDFA04FB5F" pageId="8" pageNumber="257">
|
||
- Hypopygium blackish brown. Epandrium short, broad and somewhat rounded apically. Gonopod with white hair..................................................................................................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="33EE36E72256E730FB7384A2FA04FB5F" authority="(Duda)" authorityName="Duda" baseAuthorityName="Duda" baseAuthorityYear="1940" box="[1270,1436,1214,1235]" class="Insecta" family="Asilidae" genus="Tolmerus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="257" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="strandi">
|
||
<emphasis id="C69A91762256E730FB7384A2FACAFB5F" box="[1270,1362,1214,1235]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="257">T. strandi</emphasis>
|
||
(Duda)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |