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<document id="70851A55745E79283E2EEF4850E6F5E2" ID-CLB-Dataset="39108" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.169657" ID-GBIF-Dataset="39671672-7141-4fb1-8f44-dd3122444f9d" ID-Zenodo-Dep="169657" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1462829577345" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="JUAN ARMANDO SÁNCHEZ" docDate="2005" docId="755D87A2A13EFFFFFEB9983596AAFBF7" docLanguage="en" docName="zt01014p072.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 1014" docStyle="DocumentStyle:8B0D3ECF822058C8413568C103B59429.6:Zootaxa.2001-2006.monograph" docStyleId="8B0D3ECF822058C8413568C103B59429" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2001-2006.monograph" docStyleVersion="6" docTitle="Paragorgia coralloides Bayer 1993" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="29" masterDocId="8964FFDAA122FFE2FFB19B419419FA71" masterDocTitle="Systematics of the bubblegum corals (Cnidaria: Octocorallia: Paragorgiidae) with description of new species from New Zealand and the Eastern Pacific" masterLastPageNumber="72" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="29" updateTime="1698662409292" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="409740F558CDF6B60A5663A7D0B11F5C">Systematics of the bubblegum corals (Cnidaria: Octocorallia: Paragorgiidae) with description of new species from New Zealand and the Eastern Pacific</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="2854A5AC2ED6F8CAA4D3CDC101197CAB">JUAN ARMANDO SÁNCHEZ</mods:namePart>
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<subSubSection id="B5EE653FA13EFFFEFEB998359577F9C0" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="FD4B36B4A13EFFFEFEB9983596ADF9FF" blockId="28.[264,692,884,945]" box="[264,692,884,910]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
<heading id="A60381D8A13EFFFEFEB9983596ADF9FF" bold="true" box="[264,692,884,910]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" reason="6">
<taxonomicName id="3AF44D37A13EFFFEFEB9983596ADF9FF" ID-CoL="4CW63" authority="Bayer, 1993" authorityName="Bayer" authorityYear="1993" box="[264,692,884,910]" class="Anthozoa" family="Paragorgiidae" genus="Paragorgia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="coralloides">
<emphasis id="CF80EAA6A13EFFFEFEB9983596ADF9FF" bold="true" box="[264,692,884,910]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
<emphasis id="CF80EAA6A13EFFFEFEB998359605F9FF" bold="true" box="[264,540,884,910]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Paragorgia coralloides</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="99654B45A13EFFFEFD95983596ADF9FF" author="Bayer" box="[548,692,884,910]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" refString="Bayer, F. M. (1993) Two new species of the gorgonacean genus Paragorgia (Coelenterata: Octocorallia). Precious Corals &amp; Octocoral Research, 2, 1 - 40." type="journal article" year="1993">Bayer, 1993</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="FD4B36B4A13EFFFEFEB998D69577F9C0" blockId="28.[264,692,884,945]" box="[264,366,919,945]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
(
<figureCitation id="65CF2A31A13EFFFEFEA098D6957CF9C0" box="[273,357,919,945]" captionStart="FIGURE 16" captionStartId="29.[264,367,1777,1801]" captionTargetBox="[264,1323,489,1749]" captionTargetId="figure@29.[264,1323,489,1750]" captionTargetPageId="29" captionText="FIGURE 16. Paragorgia coralloides Bayer (USNM 50891): A, sclerites from the polyps (scales 10 and 20 m); B D, radiate sclerites from the colony surface (scales 10 m) (C D are stereo pairs); E, sclerites from the colony medulla (scales 20 m)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/169673/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Fig. 16</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="B5EE653FA13EFFFEFEB998A696BFF98C" box="[264,678,998,1022]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="FD4B36B4A13EFFFEFEB998A696BFF98C" blockId="28.[264,678,998,1022]" box="[264,678,998,1022]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="DDE4119AA13EFFFEFEB998A696BFF98C" box="[264,678,998,1022]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
<taxonomicName id="3AF44D37A13EFFFEFEB998A696BAF98C" ID-CoL="4CW63" authority="Bayer 1993: 2" authorityName="Bayer" authorityPageNumber="2" authorityYear="1993" box="[264,675,998,1022]" class="Anthozoa" family="Paragorgiidae" genus="Paragorgia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="coralloides">
<emphasis id="CF80EAA6A13EFFFEFEB998A6961BF98F" box="[264,514,999,1022]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Paragorgia coralloides</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="7C5510A5A13EFFFEFDB898A796BAF98C" author="Bayer" box="[521,675,998,1021]" page="2" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" year="1993">
<bibRefCitation id="99654B45A13EFFFEFDB898A79691F98C" author="Bayer" box="[521,648,998,1021]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" refString="Bayer, F. M. (1993) Two new species of the gorgonacean genus Paragorgia (Coelenterata: Octocorallia). Precious Corals &amp; Octocoral Research, 2, 1 - 40." type="journal article" year="1993">Bayer 1993</bibRefCitation>
: 2
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="B5EE653FA13EFFFEFEB99F6F905EFEB0" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="FD4B36B4A13EFFFEFEB99F6F910BFE00" blockId="28.[264,1324,1070,1897]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
<emphasis id="CF80EAA6A13EFFFEFEB99F6F95E5FE39" bold="true" box="[264,508,1070,1096]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Material examined.</emphasis>
<typeStatus id="224F8816A13EFFFEFDB49F6E966BFE38" box="[517,626,1071,1097]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
:
<collectionCode id="9BE5AE71A13EFFFEFD359F6E96C0FE38" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" box="[644,729,1071,1097]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">USNM</collectionCode>
50891,
<geoCoordinate id="98C05073A13EFFFEFC8B9F6E97DAFE38" box="[826,963,1071,1097]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" precision="15" value="-1.9">01°54´00”S</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="98C05073A13EFFFEFC609F6E9076FE38" box="[977,1135,1071,1097]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" precision="15" value="127.6">127°36´00”E</geoCoordinate>
,
<quantity id="3A0C9B51A13EFFFEFBCD9F6E90D3FE38" box="[1148,1226,1071,1097]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.02" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" unit="m" value="602.0">602 m</quantity>
, 0
<date id="894A1074A13EFFFEFB579F6E955CFE00" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" value="1909-12-03">3 Dec 1909</date>
, (Albatross R/V), Obi Islands, Gomumu
<collectingCountry id="85E37624A13EFFFEFC969F169768FE00" box="[807,881,1111,1137]" name="Iceland" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Island</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="85E37624A13EFFFEFCCC9F1697F6FE00" box="[893,1007,1111,1137]" name="Indonesia" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
(
<collectingCountry id="85E37624A13EFFFEFC4F9F16906FFE00" box="[1022,1142,1111,1137]" name="Indonesia" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Moluccas</collectingCountry>
), Ceram Sea,
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="FD4B36B4A13EFFFEFE899F3F905EFEB0" blockId="28.[264,1324,1070,1897]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
<emphasis id="CF80EAA6A13EFFFEFE899F3F9649FEE9" bold="true" box="[312,592,1150,1176]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Diagnostic characters.</emphasis>
Globular 8­radiate derived sclerites in the surface layer with some radial ornaments subdivided in non­globular lobes (
<figureCitation id="65CF2A31A13EFFFEFC1A9FE697E7FEB0" box="[939,1022,1191,1217]" captionStart="FIGURE 16" captionStartId="29.[264,367,1777,1801]" captionTargetBox="[264,1323,489,1749]" captionTargetId="figure@29.[264,1323,489,1750]" captionTargetPageId="29" captionText="FIGURE 16. Paragorgia coralloides Bayer (USNM 50891): A, sclerites from the polyps (scales 10 and 20 m); B D, radiate sclerites from the colony surface (scales 10 m) (C D are stereo pairs); E, sclerites from the colony medulla (scales 20 m)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/169673/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Fig. 16</figureCitation>
BD).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="B5EE653FA13EFFFEFE899F8F963EFCD0" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" type="description">
<paragraph id="FD4B36B4A13EFFFEFE899F8F9632FC58" blockId="28.[264,1324,1070,1897]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
<emphasis id="CF80EAA6A13EFFFEFE899F8F95C9FE99" bold="true" box="[312,464,1230,1256]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Description.</emphasis>
Colonies with slender branches down to
<quantity id="3A0C9B51A13EFFFEFC6F9F8E902FFE98" box="[990,1078,1231,1257]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.1" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" unit="mm" value="21.0">21 mm</quantity>
in diameter (
<bibRefCitation id="99654B45A13EFFFEFB529F8E955EFF60" author="Bayer" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" refString="Bayer, F. M. (1993) Two new species of the gorgonacean genus Paragorgia (Coelenterata: Octocorallia). Precious Corals &amp; Octocoral Research, 2, 1 - 40." type="journal article" year="1993">Bayer 1993</bibRefCitation>
). Autozooid polyps in clusters. Autozooid polyp tentacles contain spindles less than
<quantity id="3A0C9B51A13EFFFEFEB99E5E957BFF48" box="[264,354,1311,1337]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" unit="mm" value="0.1">0.1 mm</quantity>
in length, irregularly ornate (
<figureCitation id="65CF2A31A13EFFFEFD0A9E5E9709FF48" box="[699,784,1311,1337]" captionStart="FIGURE 16" captionStartId="29.[264,367,1777,1801]" captionTargetBox="[264,1323,489,1749]" captionTargetId="figure@29.[264,1323,489,1750]" captionTargetPageId="29" captionText="FIGURE 16. Paragorgia coralloides Bayer (USNM 50891): A, sclerites from the polyps (scales 10 and 20 m); B D, radiate sclerites from the colony surface (scales 10 m) (C D are stereo pairs); E, sclerites from the colony medulla (scales 20 m)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/169673/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Fig. 16</figureCitation>
A). Surface of the cortex, including autozooid aperture, with unusually globular and hypermorphic radiates (mostly 8­radiate derived) up to
<quantity id="3A0C9B51A13EFFFEFE989E2E95BAFFF8" box="[297,419,1391,1417]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.5" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" unit="mm" value="0.055">0.055 mm</quantity>
averaging
<quantity id="3A0C9B51A13EFFFEFD9D9E2E96ADFFF8" box="[556,692,1391,1417]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.35" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" unit="mm" value="0.0435">0.0435 mm</quantity>
in length (±0.003 SD, n=10) (
<figureCitation id="65CF2A31A13EFFFEFB9B9E2E9099FFF8" box="[1066,1152,1391,1417]" captionStart="FIGURE 16" captionStartId="29.[264,367,1777,1801]" captionTargetBox="[264,1323,489,1749]" captionTargetId="figure@29.[264,1323,489,1750]" captionTargetPageId="29" captionText="FIGURE 16. Paragorgia coralloides Bayer (USNM 50891): A, sclerites from the polyps (scales 10 and 20 m); B D, radiate sclerites from the colony surface (scales 10 m) (C D are stereo pairs); E, sclerites from the colony medulla (scales 20 m)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/169673/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Fig. 16</figureCitation>
BD). Surface radiates about 1.638 times longer than wider, averaging
<quantity id="3A0C9B51A13EFFFEFC1B9ED6903AFFC0" box="[938,1059,1431,1457]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.9" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" unit="mm" value="0.029">0.029 mm</quantity>
in width (±0.002 SD, n=10). Despite radiates have some globular and larger rays, one side of radiates remains with smaller multilobular ornaments. Medulla with ornate spindles, rather short, up to
<quantity id="3A0C9B51A13EFFFEFB449EA6952FFC58" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" unit="mm" value="0.15">0.15 mm</quantity>
in length (
<figureCitation id="65CF2A31A13EFFFEFE059D4E9610FC58" box="[436,521,1551,1577]" captionStart="FIGURE 16" captionStartId="29.[264,367,1777,1801]" captionTargetBox="[264,1323,489,1749]" captionTargetId="figure@29.[264,1323,489,1750]" captionTargetPageId="29" captionText="FIGURE 16. Paragorgia coralloides Bayer (USNM 50891): A, sclerites from the polyps (scales 10 and 20 m); B D, radiate sclerites from the colony surface (scales 10 m) (C D are stereo pairs); E, sclerites from the colony medulla (scales 20 m)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/169673/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Fig. 16</figureCitation>
E).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="FD4B36B4A13EFFFEFE899D77963EFCD0" blockId="28.[264,1324,1070,1897]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
<emphasis id="CF80EAA6A13EFFFEFE899D779668FC21" bold="true" box="[312,625,1590,1616]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Morphological variation.</emphasis>
The number of radial ornaments of the sclerites of the surface layer, a diagnostic character, can be highly variable in number but most radiates present such a character.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="B5EE653FA13EFFFFFE899DEF96AAFBF7" lastPageId="29" lastPageNumber="30" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="FD4B36B4A13EFFFEFE899DEF9092FCB8" blockId="28.[264,1324,1070,1897]" box="[312,1163,1710,1737]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
<emphasis id="CF80EAA6A13EFFFEFE899DEF95C1FCB9" bold="true" box="[312,472,1710,1736]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Distribution.</emphasis>
Pacific Ocean:
<collectingCountry id="85E37624A13EFFFEFD229DEE96CDFCB8" box="[659,724,1711,1737]" name="Palau" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Palau</collectingCountry>
Gomumu (Obi Major) (
<bibRefCitation id="99654B45A13EFFFEFC5E9DEE9067FCB8" author="Bayer" box="[1007,1150,1711,1737]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" refString="Bayer, F. M. (1993) Two new species of the gorgonacean genus Paragorgia (Coelenterata: Octocorallia). Precious Corals &amp; Octocoral Research, 2, 1 - 40." type="journal article" year="1993">Bayer 1993</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="FD4B36B4A13EFFFFFE899D9796AAFBF7" blockId="28.[264,1324,1070,1897]" lastBlockId="29.[264,1322,284,390]" lastPageId="29" lastPageNumber="30" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
<emphasis id="CF80EAA6A13EFFFEFE899D979626FC81" bold="true" box="[312,575,1750,1776]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Species comparisons.</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="99654B45A13EFFFEFDF79D9696F8FC80" author="Bayer" box="[582,737,1751,1777]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" refString="Bayer, F. M. (1993) Two new species of the gorgonacean genus Paragorgia (Coelenterata: Octocorallia). Precious Corals &amp; Octocoral Research, 2, 1 - 40." type="journal article" year="1993">Bayer (1993)</bibRefCitation>
suggested that
<taxonomicName id="3AF44D37A13EFFFEFC249D96902CFC81" box="[917,1077,1751,1776]" class="Anthozoa" family="Paragorgiidae" genus="Paragorgia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="coralloides">
<emphasis id="CF80EAA6A13EFFFEFC249D96902CFC81" box="[917,1077,1751,1776]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">P. coralloides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
radiates are indistinguishable from those from
<taxonomicName id="3AF44D37A13EFFFEFDF49DBE96A4FD69" box="[581,701,1791,1816]" class="Anthozoa" family="Coralliidae" genus="Corallium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="CF80EAA6A13EFFFEFDF49DBE96A4FD69" box="[581,701,1791,1816]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Corallium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
spp. Although there is a great resemblance,
<taxonomicName id="3AF44D37A13EFFFEFB779DBE9557FD31" class="Anthozoa" family="Paragorgiidae" genus="Paragorgia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="coralloides">
<emphasis id="CF80EAA6A13EFFFEFB779DBE9557FD31" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">P. coralloides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
do not form asymmetrical opera­glass sclerites (e.g., Bayer 1956:
<figureCitation id="65CF2A31A13EFFFEFBCE9C6690D0FD30" box="[1151,1225,1831,1857]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="16.[264,368,1235,1259]" captionTargetBox="[352,1234,283,1221]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[352,1235,282,1221]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 7. Paragorgia arborea (Linnaeus) (NIWA Z 10920): A B, stereo pairs of the sclerites from the polyps (scale 10 m); C D, radiate sclerites (stereo pairs) from the colony surface (scales 10 m); E, sclerites from the colony medulla (scales 100 m); F, additional sclerites from the colony surface and intermediates towards the medulla (scales 10 m)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/169664/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
), where typically lateral rays are enlarged.
<taxonomicName id="3AF44D37A13EFFFEFD2E9C0E9759FD19" box="[671,832,1871,1896]" class="Anthozoa" family="Paragorgiidae" genus="Paragorgia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="coralloides">
<emphasis id="CF80EAA6A13EFFFEFD2E9C0E9759FD19" box="[671,832,1871,1896]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">P. coralloides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
usually have the proximal and distal rays enlarged. Nonetheless, the tentacle sclerites somewhat resemble those from
<taxonomicName id="3AF44D37A13FFFFFFB039A5D9133FB44" box="[1202,1322,284,309]" class="Anthozoa" family="Coralliidae" genus="Corallium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="CF80EAA6A13FFFFFFB039A5D9133FB44" box="[1202,1322,284,309]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Corallium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
spp., which brings up a possible phylogenetic connection between
<taxonomicName id="3AF44D37A13FFFFFFB9E9A0590BEFB2C" box="[1071,1191,324,349]" class="Anthozoa" family="Coralliidae" genus="Corallium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="CF80EAA6A13FFFFFFB9E9A0590BEFB2C" box="[1071,1191,324,349]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Corallium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="3AF44D37A13FFFFFFB579A05954CFBF4" class="Anthozoa" family="Paragorgiidae" genus="Paragorgia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="CF80EAA6A13FFFFFFB579A05954CFBF4" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Paragorgia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. See also
<taxonomicName id="3AF44D37A13FFFFFFE7D9A2D9648FBF4" box="[460,593,364,389]" class="Anthozoa" family="Paragorgiidae" genus="Paragorgia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="tapachtli" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="CF80EAA6A13FFFFFFE7D9A2D9648FBF4" box="[460,593,364,389]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">P. tapachtli</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="D4B357DDA13FFFFFFDE99A2D96AAFBF7" box="[600,691,364,390]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>