214 lines
26 KiB
XML
214 lines
26 KiB
XML
<document id="900022145E2C8D90AC090ADC556699D1" ID-CLB-Dataset="56755" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.6397752" ID-GBIF-Dataset="45351c32-25dd-422c-bdb2-00e73deb4943" ID-ISBN="978-84-16728-19-0" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6397752" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="carolina" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="carolina" IM.metadata_approvedBy="carolina" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="carolina" checkinTime="1648655544658" checkinUser="conny" docAuthor="Don E. Wilson & Russell A. Mittermeier" docDate="2019" docId="4C3D87E8FFD76A69FA5590CB1C38BF7D" docLanguage="en" docName="hbmw_9_Vespertilionidae_716.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions" docTitle="Nyctophilus daedalus Thomas 1915" docType="treatment" docVersion="13" lastPageNumber="803" masterDocId="B004FF90FFFB6A44FFFC96591E00BB32" masterDocTitle="Vespertilionidae" masterLastPageNumber="981" masterPageNumber="716" pageNumber="802" updateTime="1718993610009" updateUser="carolina">
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<mods:title id="814C7E9877DC4C4E16F51C83D296EABA">Vespertilionidae</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="AE65827F255D51C7E9000F86FBF54BC0">Don E. Wilson</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="CF563CAD8838D2FB3CF0E3185A56D5F8">Russell A. Mittermeier</mods:namePart>
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<mods:dateIssued id="68107B7F4BC892EF02DED3D728FDF568">2019</mods:dateIssued>
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<mods:title id="74B222AD82D6D2527A6B353B3E5D9027">Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats</mods:title>
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<mods:start id="5D55CF423E9CC30844F4A228266B6736">716</mods:start>
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<treatment id="4C3D87E8FFD76A69FA5590CB1C38BF7D" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6403465" ID-GBIF-Taxon="195628051" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6403465" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:4C3D87E8FFD76A69FA5590CB1C38BF7D" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/4C3D87E8FFD76A69FA5590CB1C38BF7D" lastPageId="45" lastPageNumber="803" pageId="44" pageNumber="802">
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<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FFD76A68FA5590CB1BE3BDF2" box="[1449,1507,1682,1728]" pageId="44" pageNumber="802" type="multiple">
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<paragraph id="C42B36FEFFD76A68FA5590CB1BE3BDF2" blockId="44.[1447,2428,1682,1812]" box="[1449,1507,1682,1728]" pageId="44" pageNumber="802">
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<heading id="9F638192FFD76A68FA5590CB1BE3BDF2" box="[1449,1507,1682,1728]" pageId="44" pageNumber="802">
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<figureCitation id="5CAF2A7BFFD76A68FA5590CB1BE3BDF2" box="[1449,1507,1682,1728]" captionStart="Plate 58: Vespertilionidae" captionStartId="43.[119,149,3359,3384]" captionTargetBox="[11,2759,17,3657]" captionTargetPageId="42" captionText="78. New Guinea Big-eared Bat (Pharotis imogene), 79. Western Long-eared Bat (Nyctophilus major), 80. Corben’s Long-eared Bat (Nyctophilus corbeni), 81. Pallid Long-eared Bat (Nyctophilus daedalus), 82. Gould’s Long-eared Bat (Nyctophilus gouldi), 83. Tasmanian Long-eared Bat (Nyctophilus sherrini), 84. New Caledonian Long-eared Bat (Nyctophilus nebulosus), 85. Papuan Long-eared Bat (Nyctophilus macrotis), 86. Pygmy Long-eared Bat (Nyctophilus walkeri), 87. Eastern Long-eared Bat (Nyctophilus bifax), 88. Northern Long-eared Bat (Nyctophilus arnhemensis), 89. Mount Missim Long-eared Bat (Nyctophilus shirleyae), 90. Small-toothed Long-eared Bat (Nyctophilus microdon), 91. Lesser Long-eared Bat (Nyctophilus geoffroyi), 92. Sunda Long-eared Bat (Nyctophilus heran), 93. Lord Howe Long-eared Bat (Nyctophilus howensis)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6398510" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6398510/files/figure.png" pageId="44" pageNumber="802">81.</figureCitation>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FFD76A68FA0F90CB19BABDF2" box="[1523,1978,1682,1728]" pageId="44" pageNumber="802" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph id="C42B36FEFFD76A68FA0F90CB19BABDF2" blockId="44.[1447,2428,1682,1812]" box="[1523,1978,1682,1728]" pageId="44" pageNumber="802">
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<heading id="9F638192FFD76A68FA0F90CB19BABDF2" box="[1523,1978,1682,1728]" pageId="44" pageNumber="802">
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<vernacularName id="4A9746D0FFD76A68FA0F90CB19BABDF2" ID-CoL="485YL" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1915" box="[1523,1978,1682,1728]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Nyctophilus" kingdom="Animalia" language="eng" order="Chiroptera" pageId="44" pageNumber="802" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="daedalus">Pallid Long-eared Bat</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FFD76A68F80290CB177CBDF2" box="[2046,2428,1682,1728]" pageId="44" pageNumber="802" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="C42B36FEFFD76A68F80290CB177CBDF2" blockId="44.[1447,2428,1682,1812]" box="[2046,2428,1682,1728]" pageId="44" pageNumber="802">
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<heading id="9F638192FFD76A68F80290CB177CBDF2" box="[2046,2428,1682,1728]" pageId="44" pageNumber="802">
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<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFFD76A68F80290CB177CBDF2" ID-CoL="485YL" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1915" box="[2046,2428,1682,1728]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Nyctophilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="44" pageNumber="802" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="daedalus">
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<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFFD76A68F80290CB177CBDF2" box="[2046,2428,1682,1728]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="802">Nyctophilus daedalus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FFD76A68FA55908B1686BC3D" pageId="44" pageNumber="802" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph id="C42B36FEFFD76A68FA55908B1732BDD5" blockId="44.[1447,2428,1682,1812]" box="[1449,2354,1746,1767]" pageId="44" pageNumber="802">
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<heading id="9F638192FFD76A68FA55908B1732BDD5" box="[1449,2354,1746,1767]" pageId="44" pageNumber="802">
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<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFFD76A68FA55908B1BF5BDD5" bold="true" box="[1449,1525,1746,1767]" pageId="44" pageNumber="802">French:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="4A9746D0FFD76A68FA02908B18B0BDD5" ID-CoL="485YL" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1915" box="[1534,1712,1746,1767]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Nyctophilus" kingdom="Animalia" language="fra" order="Chiroptera" pageId="44" pageNumber="802" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="daedalus">Nyctophile dédale</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFFD76A68F939908B191FBDD5" bold="true" box="[1733,1823,1746,1767]" pageId="44" pageNumber="802">German:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="4A9746D0FFD76A68F8D5908B1626BDD5" ID-CoL="485YL" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1915" box="[1833,2086,1746,1767]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Nyctophilus" kingdom="Animalia" language="deu" order="Chiroptera" pageId="44" pageNumber="802" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="daedalus">Fahle Langohrfledermaus</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFFD76A68F7C0908B1697BDD5" bold="true" box="[2108,2199,1746,1767]" pageId="44" pageNumber="802">Spanish:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="4A9746D0FFD76A68F75D908B1732BDD5" ID-CoL="485YL" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1915" box="[2209,2354,1746,1767]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Nyctophilus" kingdom="Animalia" language="esp" order="Chiroptera" pageId="44" pageNumber="802" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="daedalus">
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<vernacularName id="4A9746D0FFD76A68F75D908B16F0BDD5" ID-CoL="485YL" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1915" box="[2209,2288,1746,1767]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Nyctophilus" kingdom="Animalia" language="esp" order="Chiroptera" pageId="44" pageNumber="802" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="daedalus">Nictofila</vernacularName>
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palido
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</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="C42B36FEFFD76A68FA5490A31686BC3D" blockId="44.[1447,2428,1682,1812]" box="[1448,2182,1786,1807]" pageId="44" pageNumber="802">
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<heading id="9F638192FFD76A68FA5490A31686BC3D" box="[1448,2182,1786,1807]" pageId="44" pageNumber="802">
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<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFFD76A68FA5490A318A0BC3D" bold="true" box="[1448,1696,1786,1807]" pageId="44" pageNumber="802">Other common names:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="4A9746D0FFD76A68F95490A31980BC3D" ID-CoL="485YL" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1915" box="[1704,1920,1786,1807]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Nyctophilus" kingdom="Animalia" language="eng" order="Chiroptera" pageId="44" pageNumber="802" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="daedalus">Artful Long-eared Bat</vernacularName>
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,
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<vernacularName id="4A9746D0FFD76A68F87290A31686BC3D" ID-CoL="485YL" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1915" box="[1934,2182,1786,1807]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Nyctophilus" kingdom="Animalia" language="eng" order="Chiroptera" pageId="44" pageNumber="802" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="daedalus">Northern Long-eared Bat</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FFD76A68F7F19162145BBC6E" box="[2061,2651,1851,1884]" pageId="44" pageNumber="802" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="C42B36FEFFD76A68F7F19162145BBC6E" blockId="44.[2058,2656,1851,2279]" box="[2061,2651,1851,1884]" pageId="44" pageNumber="802">
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<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFFD76A68F7F19162169EBC6E" bold="true" box="[2061,2206,1851,1884]" pageId="44" pageNumber="802">Taxonomy.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFFD76A68F75B91621456BC6E" ID-CoL="485YL" authority="Thomas, 1915" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1915" box="[2215,2646,1851,1884]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Nyctophilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="44" pageNumber="802" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="daedalus">Nyctophilus daedalus Thomas, 1915</taxonomicName>
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,
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FFD76A68F7F29132143ABCB6" box="[2062,2618,1899,1924]" pageId="44" pageNumber="802" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="C42B36FEFFD76A68F7F29132143ABCB6" blockId="44.[2058,2656,1851,2279]" box="[2062,2618,1899,1924]" pageId="44" pageNumber="802">
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<materialsCitation id="74FC3CA3FFD76A68F7F29132143ABCB6" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3783319355" box="[2062,2618,1899,1924]" pageId="44" pageNumber="802">
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Daly River,
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<collectingRegion id="0650F81CFFD76A68F754913217ACBCB6" box="[2216,2476,1899,1924]" country="Australia" name="Northern Territory" pageId="44" pageNumber="802">Northern Territory</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="BC83766EFFD76A68F64691321436BCB6" box="[2490,2614,1899,1924]" name="Australia" pageId="44" pageNumber="802">Australia</collectingCountry>
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.
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FFD76A68F7F391D31438B205" pageId="44" pageNumber="802" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="C42B36FEFFD76A68F7F391D31438B205" blockId="44.[2058,2656,1851,2279]" lastBlockId="44.[1450,2659,2286,3464]" pageId="44" pageNumber="802">
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<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFFD76A68F7F391D31719BC99" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1915" box="[2063,2329,1930,1963]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Nyctophilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="44" pageNumber="802" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="daedalus">Nyctophilus daedalus</taxonomicName>
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is tentatively in the
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<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFFD76A68F5CE91D31631BCE1" authorityName="J. E. Gray" authorityYear="1844" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Nyctophilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="44" pageNumber="802" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="major">major</taxonomicName>
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group, although it is morphologically distinctive. It has generally been included as a subspecies of N.
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<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFFD76A68F6D29E58176BB310" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1915" box="[2350,2411,2049,2082]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Nyctophilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="44" pageNumber="802" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bifax">bifax</taxonomicName>
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, but morphological data have recently demonstrated distinction of the two species. There are three morphotypes currently included under N.
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<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFFD76A68F7C49EC616A7B3F2" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1915" box="[2104,2215,2207,2240]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Nyctophilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="44" pageNumber="802" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="daedalus">daedalus</taxonomicName>
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that might be distinct taxa: one in north-western
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<collectingRegion id="0650F81CFFD76A68F7019E9F17F4B3D5" box="[2301,2548,2246,2279]" country="Australia" name="Western Australia" pageId="44" pageNumber="802">Western Australia</collectingRegion>
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, one in Pilbara and the Kimbedey region, and one in the Kimberley region,
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<collectingRegion id="0650F81CFFD76A68F6A89EB71459B23D" box="[2388,2649,2286,2319]" country="Australia" name="Northern Territory" pageId="44" pageNumber="802">Northern Territory</collectingRegion>
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, and north-western
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<collectingRegion id="0650F81CFFD76A68F94D9F4F1958B205" box="[1713,1880,2326,2359]" country="Australia" name="Queensland" pageId="44" pageNumber="802">Queensland</collectingRegion>
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(but not all regions have been sampled). Monotypic.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FFD76A68FA569F1B19CEB2B5" pageId="44" pageNumber="802" type="distribution">
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<caption id="90EB6676FFD76A68FA569F1B19CEB2B5" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6397940" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6397940" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6397940/files/figure.png" inLine="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="802" targetBox="[1446,2038,1866,2281]" targetPageId="44">
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||
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFFD76A68FA569F1B19CEB2B5" blockId="44.[1450,2659,2286,3464]" pageId="44" pageNumber="802">
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||
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFFD76A68FA569F1B1859B26D" bold="true" box="[1450,1625,2370,2399]" pageId="44" pageNumber="802">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
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NW & NE
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<collectingRegion id="0650F81CFFD76A68F90F9F1B19ECB26D" box="[1779,2028,2370,2399]" country="Australia" name="Western Australia" pageId="44" pageNumber="802">Western Australia</collectingRegion>
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, N
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<collectingRegion id="0650F81CFFD76A68F7E69F1B1724B26D" box="[2074,2340,2370,2399]" country="Australia" name="Northern Territory" pageId="44" pageNumber="802">Northern Territory</collectingRegion>
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(including Melville I), and NW
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<collectingRegion id="0650F81CFFD76A68F9D49F3318D4B2B5" box="[1576,1748,2410,2439]" country="Australia" name="Queensland" pageId="44" pageNumber="802">Queensland</collectingRegion>
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, W & N
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<collectingCountry id="BC83766EFFD76A68F8B69F3319CAB2B5" box="[1866,1994,2410,2439]" name="Australia" pageId="44" pageNumber="802">Australia</collectingCountry>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FFD76A68FA569FD517E2B7A9" pageId="44" pageNumber="802" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFFD76A68FA569FD517E2B7A9" blockId="44.[1450,2659,2286,3464]" pageId="44" pageNumber="802">
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<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFFD76A68FA569FD518A0B29F" bold="true" box="[1450,1696,2444,2477]" pageId="44" pageNumber="802">Descriptive notes.</emphasis>
|
||
Head—body 45-57 mm,tail 40-45 mm, ear 20-5-25-8 mm, forearm 38-44 mm (males) and 40-46 (females); weight 7-6-14 g. Based on forearm length, females are slightly larger than males. The Pallid L.ong-eared Bat has very large ears and unique simple noseleaf consisting of two ridges, one further on muzzle and another immediately above nostrils, with vertical groove in middle and furred trough between them. Dorsal pelage is medium pale sandy brown; venteris lighter brown. Rostrum,ears, and wing membranes are medium grayish brown. Rostrum is short and blunt, with ridge across muzzle over nostrils that is low and broad, with slight vertical groove. Ears are very large and broad, with bluntly rounded tips, horizontal ribbing on inner surfaces, inward curved anterior edges, and smooth posterior edges (ears can fold back at top of thick part of anterior edge); large and furred interauricular band crosses forehead between ears; tragus is small and bluntly rounded attip, being convex on anterior margin. Glans penis has comparatively large urethral lappets, and distal part is simple and lacks any protrusions. Baculum is 3-2-3-9 mm long, with moderately thin shaft that widens centrally in dorsal view;tip is bluntly rounded, and base is strongly bifurcated;in lateral view, baculum is curved downward at base, but shaft is straight to pointed tip. Skull is robust and relatively broader than in the Western Long-eared Bat (
|
||
<collectingRegion id="0650F81CFFD76A68F6B89A5A1763B716" box="[2372,2403,3075,3108]" country="Malawi" name="Neno" pageId="44" pageNumber="802">NN</collectingRegion>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFFD76A68F68F9A5A17BEB716" authorityName="J. E. Gray" authorityYear="1844" box="[2419,2494,3075,3108]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Nyctophilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="44" pageNumber="802" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="major">major</taxonomicName>
|
||
); rostrum is short, broad, and robust; basisphenoid pits are moderate to deep; sagittal and lambdoidal crests are moderately developed; M* and lower molars are extremely reduced; and M,is smaller and more reduced than in the Eastern Long-eared Bat (N.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFFD76A68F6689A2317D7B7A9" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1915" box="[2452,2519,3194,3227]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Nyctophilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="44" pageNumber="802" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bifax">bifax</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FFD76A68FA509AFF145EB623" pageId="44" pageNumber="802" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFFD76A68FA509AFF145EB623" blockId="44.[1450,2659,2286,3464]" pageId="44" pageNumber="802">
|
||
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFFD76A68FA509AFF1818B7F1" bold="true" box="[1452,1560,3238,3267]" pageId="44" pageNumber="802">Habitat.</emphasis>
|
||
Preferring wet habitats such as moon forests and riverine
|
||
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFFD76A68F6CF9AFF145CB7F1" box="[2355,2652,3238,3267]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Melaleuca" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="44" pageNumber="802" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Melaleuca (Myrtaceae)</taxonomicName>
|
||
forests but also open woodlands and tall open forests from sea level up to elevations of ¢.
|
||
<quantity id="036C9B1BFFD76A68FA439AAD1818B623" box="[1471,1560,3316,3345]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="44" pageNumber="802" unit="m" value="400.0">400 m</quantity>
|
||
. Most records of Pallid Long-eared Bats are from less than
|
||
<quantity id="036C9B1BFFD76A68F6C69AAD178BB623" box="[2362,2443,3316,3345]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="44" pageNumber="802" unit="m" value="300.0">300 m</quantity>
|
||
from the coast.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FFD76A69FA509B411C8ABABB" lastPageId="45" lastPageNumber="803" pageId="44" pageNumber="802" type="food_feeding">
|
||
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFFD76A69FA509B411C8ABABB" blockId="44.[1450,2659,2286,3464]" lastBlockId="45.[126,1333,282,1104]" lastPageId="45" lastPageNumber="803" pageId="44" pageNumber="802">
|
||
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFFD76A68FA509B4118B3B60B" bold="true" box="[1452,1715,3352,3385]" pageId="44" pageNumber="802">Food and Feeding.</emphasis>
|
||
Pallid Long-eared Bats use perch-hunting to catch its prey by capturing it aerially or gleaning it off foliage. They tend to forage within and below the canopyand along edges of denser forests and adjacent woodlands. Although theyare a slow flier compared with other bats, they are faster and more direct fliers than other species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFFD66A69FEEB97181FACBA50" authorityName="Leach" authorityYear="1821" box="[279,428,321,354]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Nyctophilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="45" pageNumber="803" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Nyctophilus</taxonomicName>
|
||
. In the Top End region, they fed almost exclusively on beetles (78% by volume) and cicadas (22%).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FFD66A69FF7D97C91D0DBACD" pageId="45" pageNumber="803" type="breeding">
|
||
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFFD66A69FF7D97C91D0DBACD" blockId="45.[126,1333,282,1104]" pageId="45" pageNumber="803">
|
||
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFFD66A69FF7D97C91F07BA83" bold="true" box="[129,263,400,433]" pageId="45" pageNumber="803">Breeding.</emphasis>
|
||
Pregnant Pallid Long-eared Bats with near term twin embryos were captured in late September, lactating females in October-November, and males with enlarged testes in April and September—October.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FFD66A69FF83945F1D1DB809" pageId="45" pageNumber="803" type="activity">
|
||
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFFD66A69FF83945F1D1DB809" blockId="45.[126,1333,282,1104]" pageId="45" pageNumber="803">
|
||
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFFD66A69FF83945F1F6BB915" bold="true" box="[127,363,518,551]" pageId="45" pageNumber="803">Activity patterns.</emphasis>
|
||
Pallid L.ong-eared Bats are nocturnal and leave roosts around dusk. They spend the day roosting under soft and peeling bark of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFFD66A69FC3E94741A44B97C" box="[962,1092,557,590]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Melaleuca" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="45" pageNumber="803" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Melaleuca</taxonomicName>
|
||
trees, in tree hollows, at bases of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFFD66A69FE9C940C1CBDB944" box="[352,701,597,630]" class="Liliopsida" family="Pandanaceae" genus="Pandanus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pandanales" pageId="45" pageNumber="803" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Pandanus (Pandanaceae)</taxonomicName>
|
||
leaves, and in foliage. Call shapeis very steep FM sweep, with peak frequencies of 50-54 kHz (mean 52-4 kHz), which allows detection of details in texture of their immediate surroundings (e.g. camouflaged moth on a leaf) butis less useful in detecting speed and direction offlying prey, indicating gleaning is the primarily foraging mode of prey capture. Echolocation calls cannot be easily differentiated from other long-eared bats.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FFD66A69FF7C95181A2BB850" box="[128,1067,833,866]" pageId="45" pageNumber="803" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFFD66A69FF7C95181A2BB850" blockId="45.[126,1333,282,1104]" box="[128,1067,833,866]" pageId="45" pageNumber="803">
|
||
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFFD66A69FF7C95181D3CB850" bold="true" box="[128,828,833,866]" pageId="45" pageNumber="803">Movements, Home range and Social organization.</emphasis>
|
||
No information.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FFD66A69FF7C95301D40BF32" pageId="45" pageNumber="803" type="conservation">
|
||
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFFD66A69FF7C95301D40BF32" blockId="45.[126,1333,282,1104]" pageId="45" pageNumber="803">
|
||
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFFD66A69FF7C95301FDEB8B8" bold="true" box="[128,478,873,906]" pageId="45" pageNumber="803">Status and Conservation.</emphasis>
|
||
<collectingRegion id="0650F81CFFD66A69FE1795301C1FB8B8" box="[491,543,873,906]" country="Cameroon" name="North" pageId="45" pageNumber="803">Not</collectingRegion>
|
||
assessed on The IUCN Red List. The Pallid Long-eared Bat is included under the Eastern Long-eared Bat, which is classified as Least Concern. The Pallid Long-eared Bat is probably most threatened by habitat destruction and fragmentation, but it has a fairly wide distribution.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FFD66A69FF7C92561C38BF7D" pageId="45" pageNumber="803" type="bibRefCitation_list">
|
||
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFFD66A69FF7C92561C38BF7D" blockId="45.[126,1333,282,1104]" pageId="45" pageNumber="803">
|
||
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFFD66A69FF7C92561F19BF1A" bold="true" box="[128,281,1039,1064]" pageId="45" pageNumber="803">Bibliography.</emphasis>
|
||
Bullen & McKenzie (2002a), Churchill (2008), Churchill et al. (1984), Milne et al. (2016), Parnaby (1987, 2009), Parnaby & Churchill (2008).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |