plazi/treatments-xml
2
0
Fork 0
Code Issues Pull requests Releases Activity
treatments-xml/data/4C/3D/87/4C3D87E8FF7B6AC5FA8B94901D82BAAE.xml

281 lines
33 KiB
XML
Raw Blame History

This file contains ambiguous Unicode characters

This file contains Unicode characters that might be confused with other characters. If you think that this is intentional, you can safely ignore this warning. Use the Escape button to reveal them.

<document id="3D282E3B7B129FCF184781D27E198282" ID-CLB-Dataset="56755" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.6397752" ID-GBIF-Dataset="45351c32-25dd-422c-bdb2-00e73deb4943" ID-ISBN="978-84-16728-19-0" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6397752" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="carolina" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="carolina" IM.metadata_approvedBy="carolina" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="carolina" checkinTime="1648655544658" checkinUser="conny" docAuthor="Don E. Wilson &amp; Russell A. Mittermeier" docDate="2019" docId="4C3D87E8FF7B6AC5FA8B94901D82BAAE" docLanguage="en" docName="hbmw_9_Vespertilionidae_716.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions" docTitle="Scotophilus leucogaster Cretzschmar 1826" docType="treatment" docVersion="19" lastPageNumber="888" masterDocId="B004FF90FFFB6A44FFFC96591E00BB32" masterDocTitle="Vespertilionidae" masterLastPageNumber="981" masterPageNumber="716" pageNumber="887" updateTime="1718993610009" updateUser="carolina">
<mods:mods id="7BAE83734AF6D32D2FA5C6DCAFBFB7DB" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="B39477A9FD8B15BF5A62816A98158D6C">
<mods:title id="E560A2907F3FE8CBABD76E335881403B">Vespertilionidae</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="A163A136E81AA8D1B40CD07F98035C5A" type="personal">
<mods:role id="B1802F1DC407C532585D07915091CA1A">
<mods:roleTerm id="642A025143A6D19B3814A7FAFEBFBED5">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="8A3CDF468BA53C2DD7E2D06287B6EFC7">Don E. Wilson</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="FDA2688456E034599728344ECC00FAB3" type="personal">
<mods:role id="930EE570A5CBF7E9028942EA87A5F54C">
<mods:roleTerm id="AD1A9ABA43ED4CBA6F33E2F1D297799B">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="439856398262670AEACC781E4E8A52E0">Russell A. Mittermeier</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="15F87F3EA4B7DD7A740349D6D18923A2">text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem id="EBFF53AF238C950D2023EDF02700FAEC" type="host">
<mods:originInfo id="3C37F96916DBC0D44A320DC95314D3F4">
<mods:dateIssued id="4BD0B2BCCFC52A092871B70A9E61689F">2019</mods:dateIssued>
<mods:dateOther id="DFE9D407E843F6C82D516CCD9297949E" type="pubDate">2019-10-31</mods:dateOther>
<mods:publisher id="E4620FC0D52D0EB6692D5908FA7FC420">Lynx Edicions</mods:publisher>
<mods:place id="00C14D70555D0E30BA59516BEA5D8E5A">
<mods:placeTerm id="EFC2876AEEF471D9F95CDE1ACFC5A948">Barcelona</mods:placeTerm>
</mods:place>
</mods:originInfo>
<mods:titleInfo id="929D1A5309FB45B0776113EE8A4BD980">
<mods:title id="251E88B61DEB2BF31540DF2298B35DF7">Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="AC15F437D5D50178F1954E9E78749D00">
<mods:extent id="B3BA752F0535BE512CD98B426FC784FE" unit="page">
<mods:start id="B81008B2C5AC72D48A7269E31C8E2878">716</mods:start>
<mods:end id="1D6304591C236A67C61FF1DE4CC49A9A">981</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:classification id="735DDE4A121A8E9A4D49C56AD751F653">book chapter</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="D9699F54462C1E85AC0814196661C783" type="CLB-Dataset">56755</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="BF4A841B94FBAF636600A33066B1C309" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.6397752</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="E91E29B4A21134DE234C82BA9958D790" type="GBIF-Dataset">45351c32-25dd-422c-bdb2-00e73deb4943</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="92472120B67E809D1220398A1807266B" type="ISBN">978-84-16728-19-0</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="C6D6EC88A11E41E31DEF8D8DF5DA60EF" type="Zenodo-Dep">6397752</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="4C3D87E8FF7B6AC5FA8B94901D82BAAE" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6577842" ID-GBIF-Taxon="195628418" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6577842" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:4C3D87E8FF7B6AC5FA8B94901D82BAAE" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/4C3D87E8FF7B6AC5FA8B94901D82BAAE" lastPageId="129" lastPageNumber="888" pageId="128" pageNumber="887">
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF7B6AC4FA8B94901BC9B9C9" box="[1399,1481,713,763]" pageId="128" pageNumber="887" type="multiple">
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF7B6AC4FA8B94901BC9B9C9" blockId="128.[1396,2525,713,841]" box="[1399,1481,713,763]" pageId="128" pageNumber="887">
<heading id="9F638192FF7B6AC4FA8B94901BC9B9C9" box="[1399,1481,713,763]" pageId="128" pageNumber="887">
<figureCitation id="5CAF2A7BFF7B6AC4FA8B94901BC9B9C9" box="[1399,1481,713,763]" captionStart="Plate 66: Vespertilionidae" captionStartId="126.[130,160,3295,3320]" captionTargetBox="[11,2762,17,3657]" captionTargetPageId="125" captionText="269. Lesser Asiatic Yellow Bat (Scotophilus kuhlii), 270. Sody’s Yellow Bat (Scotophilus collinus), 271. Greater Asiatic Yellow Bat (Scotophilus heathii), 272. Sulawesi Yellow Bat (Scotophilus celebensis), 273. Nut-colored Yellow Bat (Scotophilus nux), 274. Malagasy Yellow Bat (Scotophilus tandrefana), 275. Marovaza Yellow Bat (Scotophilus marovaza), 276. White-bellied Yellow Bat (Scotophilus leucogaster), 277. East African Yellow Bat (Scotophilus altilis), 278. Robust Yellow Bat (Scotophilus robustus), 279. Lesser Yellow Bat (Scotophilus borbonicus), 280. Eastern Greenish Yellow Bat (Scotophilus viridis), 281. Ejeta’s Yellow Bat (Scotophilus ejetai), 282. Schreber’s Yellow Bat (Scotophilus nigrita), 283. Robbins’s Yellow Bat (Scotophilus nucella), 284. Andrew Rebori’s Yellow Bat (Scotophilus andrewreborii), 285. Western Greenish Yellow Bat (Scotophilus nigritellus), 286. Livingstone’s Yellow Bat (Scotophilus livingstonii), 287. Trujillo's Yellow Bat (Scotophilus trujilloi), 288. African Yellow Bat (Scotophilus dinganii), 289. Eritrean Yellow Bat (Scotophilus colias), 290. North American Evening Bat (Nycticeius humeralis), 291. Cuban Evening Bat (Nycticeius cubanus), 292. Temminck’s Mysterious Bat (Nycticetus aenobarbus)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6398541" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6398541/files/figure.png" pageId="128" pageNumber="887">276.</figureCitation>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF7B6AC4FA2B949019D2B9C9" box="[1495,2002,713,763]" pageId="128" pageNumber="887" type="vernacular_names">
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF7B6AC4FA2B949019D2B9C9" blockId="128.[1396,2525,713,841]" box="[1495,2002,713,763]" pageId="128" pageNumber="887">
<heading id="9F638192FF7B6AC4FA2B949019D2B9C9" box="[1495,2002,713,763]" pageId="128" pageNumber="887">
<vernacularName id="4A9746D0FF7B6AC4FA2B949019D2B9C9" ID-CoL="4VY5K" authority="(Cretzschmar, 1826)" authorityName="Cretzschmar" authorityYear="1826" box="[1495,2002,713,763]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Scotophilus" kingdom="Animalia" language="eng" order="Chiroptera" pageId="128" pageNumber="887" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="leucogaster">White-bellied Yellow Bat</vernacularName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF7B6AC4F7EB949017AEB9C9" box="[2071,2478,713,763]" pageId="128" pageNumber="887" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF7B6AC4F7EB949017AEB9C9" blockId="128.[1396,2525,713,841]" box="[2071,2478,713,763]" pageId="128" pageNumber="887">
<heading id="9F638192FF7B6AC4F7EB949017AEB9C9" box="[2071,2478,713,763]" pageId="128" pageNumber="887">
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF7B6AC4F7EB949017AEB9C9" ID-CoL="4VY5K" authority="(Cretzschmar, 1826)" authorityName="Cretzschmar" authorityYear="1826" box="[2071,2478,713,763]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Scotophilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="128" pageNumber="887" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="leucogaster">
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFF7B6AC4F7EB949017AEB9C9" box="[2071,2478,713,763]" italics="true" pageId="128" pageNumber="887">Scotophilus leucogaster</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF7B6AC4FA8A9554177AB87B" pageId="128" pageNumber="887" type="vernacular_names">
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF7B6AC4FA8A955417DDB810" blockId="128.[1396,2525,713,841]" box="[1398,2525,781,802]" pageId="128" pageNumber="887">
<heading id="9F638192FF7B6AC4FA8A955417DDB810" box="[1398,2525,781,802]" pageId="128" pageNumber="887">
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFF7B6AC4FA8A95541BC1B810" bold="true" box="[1398,1473,781,802]" pageId="128" pageNumber="887">French:</emphasis>
<vernacularName id="4A9746D0FF7B6AC4FA36955418C7B810" ID-CoL="4VY5K" authority="(Cretzschmar, 1826)" authorityName="Cretzschmar" authorityYear="1826" box="[1482,1735,781,802]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Scotophilus" kingdom="Animalia" language="fra" order="Chiroptera" pageId="128" pageNumber="887" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="leucogaster">Scotophile a ventre blanc</vernacularName>
/
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFF7B6AC4F92795541936B810" bold="true" box="[1755,1846,781,802]" pageId="128" pageNumber="887">German:</emphasis>
<vernacularName id="4A9746D0FF7B6AC4F8C095541657B810" ID-CoL="4VY5K" authority="(Cretzschmar, 1826)" authorityName="Cretzschmar" authorityYear="1826" box="[1852,2135,781,802]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Scotophilus" kingdom="Animalia" language="eng" order="Chiroptera" pageId="128" pageNumber="887" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="leucogaster">
<vernacularName id="4A9746D0FF7B6AC4F8C09554196BB810" ID-CoL="4VY5K" authority="(Cretzschmar, 1826)" authorityName="Cretzschmar" authorityYear="1826" box="[1852,1899,781,802]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Scotophilus" kingdom="Animalia" language="deu" order="Chiroptera" pageId="128" pageNumber="887" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="leucogaster">Weil</vernacularName>
3bauch-Hausfledermaus
</vernacularName>
/
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFF7B6AC4F791955416C8B810" bold="true" box="[2157,2248,781,802]" pageId="128" pageNumber="887">Spanish:</emphasis>
<vernacularName id="4A9746D0FF7B6AC4F72E955417DDB810" ID-CoL="4VY5K" authority="(Cretzschmar, 1826)" authorityName="Cretzschmar" authorityYear="1826" box="[2258,2525,781,802]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Scotophilus" kingdom="Animalia" language="esp" order="Chiroptera" pageId="128" pageNumber="887" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="leucogaster">
<vernacularName id="4A9746D0FF7B6AC4F72E95541728B810" ID-CoL="4VY5K" authority="(Cretzschmar, 1826)" authorityName="Cretzschmar" authorityYear="1826" box="[2258,2344,781,802]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Scotophilus" kingdom="Animalia" language="esp" order="Chiroptera" pageId="128" pageNumber="887" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="leucogaster">Scotofilo</vernacularName>
de vientre blanco
</vernacularName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF7B6AC4FA89956D177AB87B" blockId="128.[1396,2525,713,841]" box="[1397,2426,820,841]" pageId="128" pageNumber="887">
<heading id="9F638192FF7B6AC4FA89956D177AB87B" box="[1397,2426,820,841]" pageId="128" pageNumber="887">
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFF7B6AC4FA89956D186CB87B" bold="true" box="[1397,1644,820,841]" pageId="128" pageNumber="887">Other common names:</emphasis>
<vernacularName id="4A9746D0FF7B6AC4F98A956D1975B87B" ID-CoL="4VY5K" authority="(Cretzschmar, 1826)" authorityName="Cretzschmar" authorityYear="1826" box="[1654,1909,820,841]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Scotophilus" kingdom="Animalia" language="eng" order="Chiroptera" pageId="128" pageNumber="887" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="leucogaster">Cretzschmar’s Brown Bat</vernacularName>
,
<vernacularName id="4A9746D0FF7B6AC4F87F956D167BB87B" ID-CoL="4VY5K" authority="(Cretzschmar, 1826)" authorityName="Cretzschmar" authorityYear="1826" box="[1923,2171,820,841]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Scotophilus" kingdom="Animalia" language="eng" order="Chiroptera" pageId="128" pageNumber="887" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="leucogaster">Lesser Yellow House Bat</vernacularName>
,
<vernacularName id="4A9746D0FF7B6AC4F77A956D177AB87B" ID-CoL="4VY5K" authority="(Cretzschmar, 1826)" authorityName="Cretzschmar" authorityYear="1826" box="[2182,2426,820,841]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Scotophilus" kingdom="Animalia" language="eng" order="Chiroptera" pageId="128" pageNumber="887" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="leucogaster">White-bellied House Bat</vernacularName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF7B6AC4F825952E171FB8F2" pageId="128" pageNumber="887" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF7B6AC4F825952E171FB8F2" blockId="128.[2009,2603,887,1314]" pageId="128" pageNumber="887">
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFF7B6AC4F825952E1674B8AA" bold="true" box="[2009,2164,887,920]" pageId="128" pageNumber="887">Taxonomy.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF7B6AC4F774952E1612B8F2" ID-CoL="4VY5K" authority="Cretzschmar, 1826" authorityName="Cretzschmar" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Scotophilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="128" pageNumber="887" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="leucogaster">Nycticejus leucogaster Cretzschmar</taxonomicName>
in
<treatmentCitation id="453510EFFF7B6AC4F7B295C6171AB8F2" box="[2126,2330,927,960]" pageId="128" pageNumber="887">Ruppell, 1826</treatmentCitation>
,
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF7B6AC4F6CE95C616C4BF3C" pageId="128" pageNumber="887" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF7B6AC4F6CE95C616C4BF3C" blockId="128.[2009,2603,887,1314]" pageId="128" pageNumber="887">
<materialsCitation id="74FC3CA3FF7B6AC4F6CE95C616C4BF3C" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3864671308" pageId="128" pageNumber="887">
Brunnen Nedger (= Nedger Wel or Bir Nedger), Kordofan Province,
<collectingCountry id="BC83766EFF7B6AC4F79A95A816C1BF3C" box="[2150,2241,1009,1038]" name="Sudan" pageId="128" pageNumber="887">Sudan</collectingCountry>
.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF7B6AC4F826924C16B7BE10" pageId="128" pageNumber="887" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF7B6AC4F826924C16B7BE10" blockId="128.[2009,2603,887,1314]" pageId="128" pageNumber="887">
Based on multivariate analyses of forearm and cranial measurements,
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF7B6AC4F6989218140FBF6C" authority="(Cretzschmar, 1826)" authorityName="Cretzschmar" box="[2404,2575,1089,1118]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Scotophilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="128" pageNumber="887" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="leucogaster">S. leucogaster</taxonomicName>
is distinct from S.
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF7B6AC4F73F923D1713BFB7" authorityName="Peters" authorityYear="1852" box="[2243,2323,1124,1157]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Scotophilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="128" pageNumber="887" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="viridis">viridis</taxonomicName>
but includes damarensis, which might occupy a different ecological niche compared with northern populations of
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF7B6AC4F74692831768BFC9" authority="(Cretzschmar, 1826)" authorityName="Cretzschmar" box="[2234,2408,1242,1275]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Scotophilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="128" pageNumber="887" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="leucogaster">S. leucogaster</taxonomicName>
. Two subspecies recognized.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF7B6AC4FA8993711829BD3C" pageId="128" pageNumber="887" type="distribution">
<caption id="90EB6676FF7B6AC4FA8993711829BD3C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6398396" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6398396" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6398396/files/figure.png" inLine="true" pageId="128" pageNumber="887" targetBox="[1394,1985,894,1308]" targetPageId="128">
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF7B6AC4FA89937118CEBEA5" blockId="128.[1392,2602,1320,3483]" pageId="128" pageNumber="887">
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFF7B6AC4FA8993711905BE7B" bold="true" box="[1397,1797,1320,1353]" pageId="128" pageNumber="887">Subspecies and Distribution.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF7B6AC4FA8A930918CEBEA5" authority="Cretzschmar, 1826" authorityName="Cretzschmar" authorityYear="1826" baseAuthorityName="Cretzschmar" baseAuthorityYear="1826" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Scotophilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="128" pageNumber="887" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="leucogaster" subSpecies="leucogaster">S.l.leucogasterCretzschmar,1826—NofequatorfromMauritaniaandSenegalEtoEthiopiaandNWKenya.</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF7B6AC4FA8A93FE1829BD3C" blockId="128.[1392,2602,1320,3483]" pageId="128" pageNumber="887">
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF7B6AC4FA8A93FE191BBEF2" authority="Thomas, 1906" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1906" box="[1398,1819,1447,1472]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Scotophilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="128" pageNumber="887" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="leucogaster" subSpecies="damarensis">S. l. damarensis Thomas, 1906</taxonomicName>
— S of equator in SE
<collectingCountry id="BC83766EFF7B6AC4F79D93FE16B8BEF2" box="[2145,2232,1447,1472]" name="Kenya" pageId="128" pageNumber="887">Kenya</collectingCountry>
, W
<collectingCountry id="BC83766EFF7B6AC4F70893FE175BBEF2" box="[2292,2395,1447,1472]" name="Angola" pageId="128" pageNumber="887">Angola</collectingCountry>
, W
<collectingCountry id="BC83766EFF7B6AC4F66693FE1405BEF2" box="[2458,2565,1447,1472]" name="Zambia" pageId="128" pageNumber="887">Zambia</collectingCountry>
, S
<collectingCountry id="BC83766EFF7B6AC4FA8893931BD7BED5" box="[1396,1495,1482,1511]" name="Malawi" pageId="128" pageNumber="887">Malawi</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="BC83766EFF7B6AC4FA1193931866BED5" box="[1517,1638,1482,1511]" name="Namibia" pageId="128" pageNumber="887">Namibia</collectingCountry>
, N
<collectingCountry id="BC83766EFF7B6AC4F95D93931926BED5" box="[1697,1830,1482,1511]" name="Botswana" pageId="128" pageNumber="887">Botswana</collectingCountry>
, NW
<collectingCountry id="BC83766EFF7B6AC4F88393931612BED5" box="[1919,2066,1482,1511]" name="Zimbabwe" pageId="128" pageNumber="887">Zimbabwe</collectingCountry>
, and S
<collectingCountry id="BC83766EFF7B6AC4F77493931742BED5" box="[2184,2370,1482,1511]" name="Mozambique" pageId="128" pageNumber="887">Mozambique</collectingCountry>
; possibly in NE
<collectingCountry id="BC83766EFF7B6AC4FA8893B41826BD3C" box="[1396,1574,1517,1550]" name="South Africa" pageId="128" pageNumber="887">South Africa</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF7B6AC4FA8F90401424B30A" pageId="128" pageNumber="887" type="description">
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF7B6AC4FA8F90401424B30A" blockId="128.[1392,2602,1320,3483]" pageId="128" pageNumber="887">
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFF7B6AC4FA8F9040186FBD04" bold="true" box="[1395,1647,1561,1590]" pageId="128" pageNumber="887">Descriptive notes.</emphasis>
Head-body ¢.
<quantity id="036C9B1BFF7B6AC4F8C3904019D8BD04" box="[1855,2008,1561,1590]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.25" metricValueMax="7.5" metricValueMin="7.0" pageId="128" pageNumber="887" unit="mm" value="72.5" valueMax="75.0" valueMin="70.0">70-75 mm</quantity>
, tail
<quantity id="036C9B1BFF7B6AC4F7DE904016B9BD04" box="[2082,2233,1561,1590]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.55" metricValueMax="5.4" metricValueMin="3.7" pageId="128" pageNumber="887" unit="mm" value="45.5" valueMax="54.0" valueMin="37.0">37-54 mm</quantity>
, ear
<quantity id="036C9B1BFF7B6AC4F6FA9040179ABD04" box="[2310,2458,1561,1590]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" metricValueMax="1.7" metricValueMin="1.1" pageId="128" pageNumber="887" unit="mm" value="14.0" valueMax="17.0" valueMin="11.0">11-17 mm</quantity>
, hindfoot
<quantity id="036C9B1BFF7B6AC4FA8B90641809BD6C" box="[1399,1545,1597,1630]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.15" metricValueMax="1.3" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="128" pageNumber="887" unit="mm" value="11.5" valueMax="13.0" valueMin="10.0">10-13 mm</quantity>
, forearm
<quantity id="036C9B1BFF7B6AC4F96B9064192CBD6C" box="[1687,1836,1597,1630]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.05" metricValueMax="5.8" metricValueMin="4.3" pageId="128" pageNumber="887" unit="mm" value="50.5" valueMax="58.0" valueMin="43.0">43-58 mm</quantity>
; weight
<quantity id="036C9B1BFF7B6AC4F85B90641613BD6C" box="[1959,2067,1597,1630]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="1.95" metricValueMax="2.7" metricValueMin="1.2" pageId="128" pageNumber="887" unit="g" value="19.5" valueMax="27.0" valueMin="12.0">12-27 g</quantity>
. Most body measurements of females in
<collectingCountry id="BC83766EFF7B6AC4FA6790351854BDB7" box="[1435,1620,1644,1669]" name="Burkina Faso" pageId="128" pageNumber="887">Burkina Faso</collectingCountry>
are larger than males, and males have larger cranial measurements. Pelage is smooth, soft, and sleek. Dorsal pelage is sepia-brown to pale brown, with unicolored hairs or becoming slightly paler toward base. Mid-dorsal hairs are
<quantity id="036C9B1BFF7B6AC4F65390EA1421BDE6" box="[2479,2593,1715,1748]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" metricValueMax="8.0" metricValueMin="6.0" pageId="128" pageNumber="887" unit="mm" value="7.0" valueMax="8.0" valueMin="6.0">6-8 mm</quantity>
. Ventral pelage is white to dirty medium brown. Wings and uropatagium are uniformly dark brown and semi-translucent. Ears are comparatively short and widely separated, with inner margin strongly convex and outer margin almoststraight. Tragus tapers to bluntly rounded tip, with concave anterior margin. Eyes are small. Testes are posterior to anus. Skull is medium to large (greatest skull lengths 16:5-20-
<quantity id="036C9B1BFF7B6AC4F7049121174ABCAB" box="[2296,2378,1912,1945]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="128" pageNumber="887" unit="mm" value="3.0">3 mm</quantity>
) for
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF7B6AC4F66F91211421BCAB" box="[2451,2593,1912,1945]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Scotophilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="128" pageNumber="887" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Scotophilus</taxonomicName>
; sagittal crest and occipital helmet are well developed; and profile ofskull is mostly gentle slope from front to back, with very shallow concavity in forehead region. I? is unicuspid; M' and M? have concave surfaces and indistinct ridges and appear worn; and M® is very short and has two ridges. Chromosomal complement has 2n = 36 and FNa = 50.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF7B6AC4FA8E9E67168BB3CE" pageId="128" pageNumber="887" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF7B6AC4FA8E9E67168BB3CE" blockId="128.[1392,2602,1320,3483]" pageId="128" pageNumber="887">
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFF7B6AC4FA8E9E671BE2B36D" bold="true" box="[1394,1506,2110,2143]" pageId="128" pageNumber="887">Habitat.</emphasis>
Riverine woodland in shrub savannas, over grasslands between riverine forests and
<collectingCountry id="BC83766EFF7B6AC4FA4E9E3C1818B3B4" box="[1458,1560,2149,2182]" name="Guinea-Bissau" pageId="128" pageNumber="887">Guinea</collectingCountry>
savannas, and under mango trees in West Africa and mopane and miombo woodlands, riverine forests and woodlands, open grasslands, floodplains, and pans south of the equator. In southern Africa, White-bellied Yellow Bats have been mainly recorded in savanna (89%) but also arid habitats (10%).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF7B6AC4FA8E9F5A183AB105" pageId="128" pageNumber="887" type="food_feeding">
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF7B6AC4FA8E9F5A183AB105" blockId="128.[1392,2602,1320,3483]" pageId="128" pageNumber="887">
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFF7B6AC4FA8E9F5A187BB216" bold="true" box="[1394,1659,2307,2340]" pageId="128" pageNumber="887">Food and Feeding.</emphasis>
The White-bellied Yellow Bat forages by moderately fast hawking,
<quantity id="036C9B1BFF7B6AC4FA8F9F721BDDB27E" box="[1395,1501,2347,2380]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="0.2" pageId="128" pageNumber="887" unit="m" value="11.0" valueMax="20.0" valueMin="2.0">2-20 m</quantity>
aboveground, in uncluttered open spaces above trees and over grasslands and moderately uncluttered spaces between tree trunks and tree canopies. In northwestern
<collectingCountry id="BC83766EFF7B6AC4FA149F231878B2A9" box="[1512,1656,2426,2459]" name="Zimbabwe" pageId="128" pageNumber="887">Zimbabwe</collectingCountry>
(Sengwa Wildlife Research Area), they fed mainly on
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF7B6AC4F67E9F23141FB2A9" box="[2434,2591,2426,2459]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="128" pageNumber="887" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Coleoptera</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF7B6AC4FA8E9FF81822B2F0" box="[1394,1570,2465,2498]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="128" pageNumber="887" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Lepidoptera</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF7B6AC4F9849FF81911B2F0" box="[1656,1809,2465,2498]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="128" pageNumber="887" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Hemiptera</taxonomicName>
but also
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF7B6AC4F8679FF81660B2F0" box="[1947,2144,2465,2498]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="128" pageNumber="887" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Hymenoptera</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF7B6AC4F7889FF817D0B2F0" authority=", Homoptera" authorityName="Homoptera" box="[2164,2512,2465,2498]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="128" pageNumber="887" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Orthoptera, Homoptera</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF7B6AC4F6189FF81BDCB2DB" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="128" pageNumber="887" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Neuroptera</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF7B6AC4F9D49F911894B2DB" box="[1576,1684,2504,2537]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="128" pageNumber="887" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Diptera</taxonomicName>
.
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF7B6AC4F9589F911940B2DB" box="[1700,1856,2504,2537]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="128" pageNumber="887" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Coleoptera</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF7B6AC4F87A9F91161FB2DB" box="[1926,2079,2504,2537]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="128" pageNumber="887" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Hemiptera</taxonomicName>
seem to be important in wet seasons, and
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF7B6AC4FA4D9FA9185FB123" box="[1457,1631,2544,2577]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="128" pageNumber="887" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Lepidoptera</taxonomicName>
is important in dry seasons. Captive individuals ate geckoes and carcasses of mice.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF7B6AC4FA8D9C6618F4B1B4" pageId="128" pageNumber="887" type="breeding">
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF7B6AC4FA8D9C6618F4B1B4" blockId="128.[1392,2602,1320,3483]" pageId="128" pageNumber="887">
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFF7B6AC4FA8D9C661BF8B152" bold="true" box="[1393,1528,2623,2656]" pageId="128" pageNumber="887">Breeding.</emphasis>
Births of White-bellied Yellow Bats were observed in November-December at Sengwa. Littersize is two.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF7B6AC4FA8C9CD716D9B79D" pageId="128" pageNumber="887" type="activity">
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF7B6AC4FA8C9CD716D9B79D" blockId="128.[1392,2602,1320,3483]" pageId="128" pageNumber="887">
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFF7B6AC4FA8C9CD7185BB19D" bold="true" box="[1392,1627,2702,2735]" pageId="128" pageNumber="887">Activity patterns.</emphasis>
In
<collectingCountry id="BC83766EFF7B6AC4F9739CD718E9B19D" box="[1679,1769,2702,2735]" name="Sudan" pageId="128" pageNumber="887">Sudan</collectingCountry>
, foraging began soon after sunset, and individuals had full stomachs within the first hour. After that, bouts of foraging were interspersed with pauses for digestion and rest. At Sengwa, foraging only occurred in the first hour of the night. In Mali, day roosts of White-bellied Yellow Bats were under dried leaves of
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF7B6AC4FA659D751808B07F" box="[1433,1544,2860,2893]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Borassus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="128" pageNumber="887" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Borassus</taxonomicName>
palms (
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF7B6AC4F9809D751914B07F" box="[1660,1812,2860,2893]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="128" pageNumber="887" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Arecaceae</taxonomicName>
). In
<collectingCountry id="BC83766EFF7B6AC4F8A49D7519B2B07F" box="[1880,1970,2860,2893]" name="Sudan" pageId="128" pageNumber="887">Sudan</collectingCountry>
, roosts were found in holes in baobab trees (
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF7B6AC4FA819D0A180CB046" box="[1405,1548,2899,2932]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Adansonia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="128" pageNumber="887" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Adansonia</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF7B6AC4F9E39D0A18B0B046" box="[1567,1712,2899,2932]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="128" pageNumber="887" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Malvaceae</taxonomicName>
) and under iron roofs of houses where midday temperatures can be over 40°C. At Sengwa, roosts were found in hollow mopane (
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF7B6AC4F6B09D231BD5B0F1" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Colophospermum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="128" pageNumber="887" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Colophospermum mopane</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF7B6AC4FA159DFB1870B0F1" box="[1513,1648,2978,3011]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="128" pageNumber="887" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Fabaceae</taxonomicName>
). Twelve FM/QCEF type calls were recorded at Maroua, northern
<collectingCountry id="BC83766EFF7B6AC4FA8E9D941809B0D8" box="[1394,1545,3021,3050]" name="Cameroon" pageId="128" pageNumber="887">Cameroon</collectingCountry>
, with mean maximum frequency of 55-7 kHz (48-5-64-1 kHz), mean minimum frequency of 50-6 kHz (46-1-56-3 kHz), mean frequency of 53-2 kHz (47-3- 59-3 kHz), mean frequency of the knee of 55-7 kHz (48-5—-64-1 kHz), mean characteristic frequency of 50-7 kHz (46-1-55 kHz), and mean duration of 0-81 milliseconds (0-44=1 milliseconds). Predators include common barn-owls (7yto alba) that also roost among leaves of palms and bat hawks (Macheiramphus alcinus).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF7B6AC4FA8C9AEC1616B6A9" pageId="128" pageNumber="887" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF7B6AC4FA8C9AEC1616B6A9" blockId="128.[1392,2602,1320,3483]" pageId="128" pageNumber="887">
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFF7B6AC4FA8C9AEC1644B7E4" bold="true" box="[1392,2116,3253,3286]" pageId="128" pageNumber="887">Movements, Home range and Social organization.</emphasis>
At Sengwa, day roosts in hollow mopane trees contained 1-9 individuals. Roost fidelity was observed in
<collectingCountry id="BC83766EFF7B6AC4F6A79A8417B2B7CC" box="[2395,2482,3293,3326]" name="Sudan" pageId="128" pageNumber="887">Sudan</collectingCountry>
but not at Sengwa where radio-tracked individuals regularly switched roosts. While foraging, radio-tracked bats were found up to
<quantity id="036C9B1BFF7B6AC4F8899B7519B9B67F" box="[1909,1977,3372,3405]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="128" pageNumber="887" unit="km" value="3.0">3 km</quantity>
away from their roosts. In
<collectingCountry id="BC83766EFF7B6AC4F6CB9B751791B67F" box="[2359,2449,3372,3405]" name="Sudan" pageId="128" pageNumber="887">Sudan</collectingCountry>
, bats were lethargic and flew clumsily at temperatures less than 34°C. Ectoparasites include the mite Spinturnix scotophili (Acari,
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF7B6AC4F8CE9B271609B6A9" box="[1842,2057,3454,3483]" class="Arachnida" family="Spinturnicidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mesostigmata" pageId="128" pageNumber="887" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Spinturnicidae</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF7A6AC5FF5197691AC7BA7F" box="[173,1223,304,333]" pageId="129" pageNumber="888" type="conservation">
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF7A6AC5FF5197691AC7BA7F" blockId="129.[173,1377,304,415]" box="[173,1223,304,333]" pageId="129" pageNumber="888">
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFF7A6AC5FF5197691C0BBA7F" bold="true" box="[173,523,304,333]" pageId="129" pageNumber="888">Status and Conservation.</emphasis>
Classified as Least Concern on The [UCN Red Lust.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF7A6AC5FF5297021D82BAAE" pageId="129" pageNumber="888" type="bibRefCitation_list">
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF7A6AC5FF5297021D82BAAE" blockId="129.[173,1377,304,415]" pageId="129" pageNumber="888">
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFF7A6AC5FF5297021F47BA46" bold="true" box="[174,327,347,372]" pageId="129" pageNumber="888">Bibliography.</emphasis>
Cooper-Bohannon et al. (2016), Herkt et al. (2017), Kangoyé et al. (2015), Manga Mongombe (2012), Robbins et al. (1985),
<collectingRegion id="0650F81CFF7A6AC5FE1797DA1C11BAAE" box="[491,529,387,412]" country="Turkey" name="Van" pageId="129" pageNumber="888">Van</collectingRegion>
Cakenberghe &amp; Happold (2013p).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
Reference in a new issue View git blame Copy permalink