542 lines
79 KiB
XML
542 lines
79 KiB
XML
<document ID-CLB-Dataset="21599" ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.96.52484" ID-GBIF-Dataset="09f34cf5-1c3c-40de-a4e8-a5db55130580" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1860-0743-2-431" ID-Pensoft-UUID="CC40225A6E015AFF92DF6C388AB84FDD" ID-ZooBank="E6569135C4D3401F947C56D753ACEF67" ModsDocID="1860-0743-2-431" checkinTime="1593208619615" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Song, Xiao-Yu, Li, Wei-Xuan, Sluys, Ronald, Huang, Shu-Xin, Li, Shuang-Fei & Wang, An-Tai" docDate="2020" docId="4632A519686059C2922D3DAA75EB39B0" docLanguage="en" docName="ZoosystEvol 96(2): 431-447" docOrigin="Zoosystematics and Evolution 96 (2)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.96.52484" docTitle="Dugesia umbonata Song & Wang 2020, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docUuid="126FAA7D-9B17-42C8-BCFA-BF7AEF9FA9F6" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="7" id="CC40225A6E015AFF92DF6C388AB84FDD" lastPageNumber="431" masterDocId="CC40225A6E015AFF92DF6C388AB84FDD" masterDocTitle="A new species of Dugesia (Platyhelminthes, Tricladida, Dugesiidae) from China, with an account on the histochemical structure of its major nervous system" masterLastPageNumber="447" masterPageNumber="431" pageNumber="431" updateTime="1720557359765" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="85310327D7B66CE780434AA6ADD00A95">A new species of Dugesia (Platyhelminthes, Tricladida, Dugesiidae) from China, with an account on the histochemical structure of its major nervous system</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="F2967977A46D1BB2906D32EACDB26D15">Song, Xiao-Yu</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="C1759C89AC888054E81484FAA63D3BB8">Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresource and Eco-environmental Science, Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Marine Algal Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="1BC7831390F453A3647E38E5D3E4E5C7">Li, Wei-Xuan</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="3283A56BE1A152FAB57477105B50AB8C">Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresource and Eco-environmental Science, Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Marine Algal Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="0607CB3F8D43137C6B4B0011DFC780C4" type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8853-3589</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:roleTerm id="0696829B73E0DE1BE8322A6EFDE33A1E">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="82C5B402E127C20DA888677CFBFC6CF8">Sluys, Ronald</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="52F40D54637FDD2B5BBD38466B467E28">Naturalis Biodiversity Center, P. O. Box 9517, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="32410BB1499E9D7DF0D9E6824A5FC385" type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9776-3471</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="6E2E6A1F68A6572C815756646A886084">Huang, Shu-Xin</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="2A635F54E2D3E17D57B742015398DD37">Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresource and Eco-environmental Science, Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Marine Algal Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="22C52F8E02BE680D82B7715E693E0D23">Li, Shuang-Fei</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="B05521D51CD113E243AD65F35E480B09">Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresource and Eco-environmental Science, Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Marine Algal Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="B60E63353E8264301F34D5EB4FB3D0D7" type="email">sfli@szu.edu.cn</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="E39B13BA8AE11980F871F82CF913766B">Wang, An-Tai</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="0C005E6D42CD9941E12EB4E0DC007EC3">Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresource and Eco-environmental Science, Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Marine Algal Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="69D96F8822B0CF4806FB179F92C64340">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="710250C17FD853C48F1D4BF230CABC52">Zoosystematics and Evolution</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="9EB2E5C3E8B2642D6C2BD4F408A5D64D">
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<mods:date id="46012594728307F2B7330C566988B504">2020</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="47F1BBB844928457333766F6C0E0FC82" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="13FF0525034C91C69050F476A933CF7F">96</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="9924A1F6C9843D37A3C0D1F7357E80A5" type="issue">
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<mods:number id="5B486C52EC46318B2FBCE8C197A42765">2</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="6B766E4356E9ECC23B57F0FF9D8B4B6D">431</mods:start>
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<mods:end id="351740496EECF75DF4647625C33AD724">447</mods:end>
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<mods:location id="15F657728665290320FC4D6F543C11D7">
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<mods:url id="98C35E626AF1E6743B06C5FA3850096D">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.96.52484</mods:url>
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<mods:classification id="E5DFBDA66EC3C290D625226AFF18C0AA">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="3E2E1D983AEA4E483A683C842F250949" type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.96.52484</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="13CAE21C64B02C2C4AD8A8A1E12DC21E" type="Pensoft-Pub">1860-0743-2-431</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="EA07FEFAF664480983E6AF9B6146CEFE" type="ZooBank">E6569135C4D3401F947C56D753ACEF67</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment id="4632A519686059C2922D3DAA75EB39B0" ID-GBIF-Taxon="164807342" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:126FAA7D-9B17-42C8-BCFA-BF7AEF9FA9F6" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/4632A519686059C2922D3DAA75EB39B0" lastPageNumber="431" pageId="0" pageNumber="431">
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<subSubSection id="060C39AA3327B4F1707AAC0BDEF2F91C" pageId="0" pageNumber="431" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="1906755B1B6F523C1B45ACF1B3CEB473" pageId="0" pageNumber="431">
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<taxonomicName id="3420691CFB4E27FB7918C4B76094578E" LSID="4632A519-6860-59C2-922D-3DAA75EB39B0" authority="Song & Wang" authorityName="Song & Wang" authorityYear="2020" family="Dugesiidae" genus="Dugesia" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dugesia umbonata" order="Tricladida" pageId="0" pageNumber="431" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="umbonata" status="sp. nov.">Dugesia umbonata Song & Wang</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="990452195AC97FC9B3417EDB706F5240" pageId="0" pageNumber="431">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="7514DD5862096A297DFE7272EDAFDE80" pageId="0" pageNumber="431" type="material examined.">
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<paragraph id="F410E3166AE201C63752801C98B9118E" pageId="0" pageNumber="431">
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<materialsCitation id="E4240CD25D1860668E4B47F6727CE226" collectingDate="2018-02-08" collectionCode="PLA" collectorName="Xiao-Zhou Hu" country="China" latitude="29.088167" location="Fengzui River" longLatPrecision="12" longitude="107.176834" specimenCode="PLA-0151" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Chongqing" typeStatus="holotype">
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<emphasis id="6A4BB9A22BDFFD5617F8F7643E626E9A" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="431">Material examined.</emphasis>
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<typeStatus id="4B335B3FCDBAFECAA7EE9B857F535C07">Holotype</typeStatus>
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:
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<specimenCode id="BF7684898EF9943DB2F310967A330236">PLA-0151</specimenCode>
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,
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<location id="11FCF5A131436A36B75541A77A48368D" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:4632A519686059C2922D3DAA75EB39B0:11FCF5A131436A36B75541A77A48368D" country="China" latitude="29.088167" longLatPrecision="12" longitude="107.176834" name="Fengzui River" stateProvince="Chongqing">Fengzui River</location>
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,
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<collectingRegion id="0B7468E151A5957DB95E62974EAF9986">Chongqing</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="45E983BC489288CA056F53703A0441C5" name="China" value="China">China</collectingCountry>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="7C981594746FA8870BDAFF3F05412B8A" degrees="29" direction="north" minutes="05.29" orientation="latitude" precision="9" value="29.088167">29°05.29'N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="F25009FE015BE8E3E28BDB2C399AF337" degrees="107" direction="east" minutes="10.61" orientation="longitude" precision="9" value="107.176834">107°10.61'E</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<date id="EFDB63244D5AC819391E7AF7A42FD8A6" value="2018-02-08">
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<collectingDate id="B019F0F770CD150E29E407324C6E6457" value="2018-02-08">8 February 2018</collectingDate>
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</date>
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, coll.
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<collectorName id="B39894B7DD8CADE1EAF16ED118D88FF7">Xiao-Zhou Hu</collectorName>
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, sagittal sections on 24 slides
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</materialsCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="CD9693C8C6AC11750A648040A6C781E3" pageId="0" pageNumber="431" type="paratypes:">
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<paragraph id="7CA8A035EEEA28BF4D73705ED7D7E4F2" pageId="0" pageNumber="431">
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<materialsCitation id="686117BBD60F6287878BA1CF0C15DAD8" collectingDate="2020-01-01" collectingDateMax="2020-12-31" collectingDateMin="2020-01-01" collectionCode="PLA" country="China" specimenCode="PLA-0152" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
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<typeStatus id="D7E77C914E562287E10BC3736EA699DA">Paratypes</typeStatus>
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:
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<specimenCode id="3B4894E764FD8F87909B9EF1B4DE8043">PLA-0152</specimenCode>
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, ibid., sagittal sections on 28 slides
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</materialsCitation>
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;
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<materialsCitation id="C5B7A0BB4CEE3B053B85083F3B162D25" collectingDate="2020-01-01" collectingDateMax="2020-12-31" collectingDateMin="2020-01-01" collectionCode="PLA" country="China" specimenCode="PLA-0153" specimenCount="1">
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<specimenCode id="8B70DA295832D3ABAD77AF73FB7ED83E">PLA-0153</specimenCode>
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, ibid, horizontal sections on 8 slides
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</materialsCitation>
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;
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<materialsCitation id="687B55B8458A5D6394FCE477DAE1160B" collectingDate="2020-01-01" collectingDateMax="2020-12-31" collectingDateMin="2020-01-01" collectionCode="PLA" country="China" specimenCode="PLA-0154" specimenCount="1">
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<specimenCode id="9CDF3757D3772820B8E8AFB8CF500480">PLA-0154</specimenCode>
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, ibid., transverse sections on 27 slides
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</materialsCitation>
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;
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<materialsCitation id="16BD1A4B800984DE953CBDDD7EF0483C" collectingDate="2020-01-01" collectingDateMax="2020-12-31" collectingDateMin="2020-01-01" collectionCode="RMNH" country="China" specimenCode="RMNH.VER.19968.a" specimenCount="1">
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<specimenCode id="E977076F8CABAEDABA103160B5189E23">RMNH.VER.19968.a</specimenCode>
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, ibid., sagittal sections on 18 slides
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</materialsCitation>
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;
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<materialsCitation id="6545B37601A3EB0F5D6C0CFC971BB2A7" collectingDate="2020-01-01" collectingDateMax="2020-12-31" collectingDateMin="2020-01-01" collectionCode="RMNH" country="China" specimenCode="RMNH.VER.19968.b" specimenCount="1">
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<specimenCode id="61C8FF59A0BC26FA2924CC87B454ABA3">RMNH.VER.19968.b</specimenCode>
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, ibid., sagittal sections on 27 slides
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</materialsCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="5678E968A8C8C9C0B40ADFB9B2AA6C22" pageId="0" pageNumber="431" type="habitat">
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<paragraph id="919065729D140E12804BD0C3D77BD295" pageId="0" pageNumber="431">Habitat.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="9B0D1EECB4F7347E0ABBBDB5BE8BBF1D" pageId="0" pageNumber="431">
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Specimens were collected from a shallow tributary of Fengzui River (
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<geoCoordinate id="A2514DFECE0CCBB9BB48573CC8041A38" degrees="29" direction="north" minutes="05.29" orientation="latitude" precision="9" value="29.088167">29°05.29'N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="13FD6F5EC70440710736E79222C867A8" degrees="107" direction="east" minutes="10.61" orientation="longitude" precision="9" value="107.176834">107°10.61'E</geoCoordinate>
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), the latter located at the western side of Jinfo Mountain at an altitude of about
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<quantity id="FA91516A6500BE2A9D3A1B6D3193022D" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.3" unit="m" value="530.0">530 m</quantity>
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above sea level (a.s.l.) (Fig.
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<figureCitation id="483F67505599E669983977D8FCAAA0D7" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Locality and habitat of Dugesia umbonata. A. sampling locality in Chongqing Municipality, China; B, C. habitat at sampling locality." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.96.52484.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/425809" pageId="0" pageNumber="431">2A</figureCitation>
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). The Fengzui River is a tributary of Wujiang River, while the latter is a tributary of the Yangtse River (Fig.
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<figureCitation id="9B766A31725E3CB9667B1C23FC15D6F0" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Locality and habitat of Dugesia umbonata. A. sampling locality in Chongqing Municipality, China; B, C. habitat at sampling locality." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.96.52484.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/425809" pageId="0" pageNumber="431">2A</figureCitation>
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). The animals were collected from the underside of small pebbles in the riverbed (Fig.
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<figureCitation id="10405ED101C08432CDB0703A1E3C5D12" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Locality and habitat of Dugesia umbonata. A. sampling locality in Chongqing Municipality, China; B, C. habitat at sampling locality." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.96.52484.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/425809" pageId="0" pageNumber="431">2B, C</figureCitation>
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), which had a water depth of
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<quantity id="169D55B077FEC22583760906188CDA1C" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.5" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="3.0" unit="cm" value="6.5" valueMax="10.0" valueMin="3.0">3-10 cm</quantity>
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; air temperature was about 9 oC. Only
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<specimenCount id="48048144BADB40A5E78C989031B73D3B" type="generic">15 specimens</specimenCount>
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were collected at the beginning, none of which was sexually mature. After about 1.5 years of rearing under laboratory conditions, in total about
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<specimenCount id="B8125205D6F07356108643F8D1FAB88E" type="generic">40 specimens</specimenCount>
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eventually sexualised.
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="6848FD9C6D22E70C56A6BF58F1C6AF37" doi="10.3897/zse.96.52484.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/425809" pageId="0" pageNumber="431" start="Figure 2" startId="F2">
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<paragraph id="62E4EF4699988CDC9D4162F414C9C4B4" pageId="0" pageNumber="431">
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<emphasis id="FAA3AA60D84DC2F4B7FDFFDBBE17D162" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="431">Figure 2.</emphasis>
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Locality and habitat of
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<taxonomicName id="F05B2F42442674C8856254B81832156D" authorityName="Song & Wang" authorityYear="2020" family="Dugesiidae" genus="Dugesia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dugesia umbonata" order="Tricladida" pageId="0" pageNumber="431" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="umbonata">
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<emphasis id="6E90C767E3F7C95654757E3387978183" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="431">Dugesia umbonata</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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<emphasis id="D1C4D4EFC1C4C7FDC9B0800AD21C122B" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="431">A.</emphasis>
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sampling locality in Chongqing Municipality, China;
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<emphasis id="24F0ABB3253B3E97A216CB140F689D97" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="431">B, C.</emphasis>
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habitat at sampling locality.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="B5FA7FAF30E285DB937BC9B7A2B3368F" pageId="0" pageNumber="431" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="0B9359297E5DE0B24E5CFED42CFBC7D1" pageId="0" pageNumber="431">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="4CE1FD6036B06805596E1E38F14CAAD9" pageId="0" pageNumber="431">
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A blackish species of
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<taxonomicName id="D31FC90341EF9522063ABE4DB758AFE8" family="Dugesiidae" genus="Dugesia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dugesia" order="Tricladida" pageId="0" pageNumber="431" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="4821B04EA786BBF2208E262F3EA5E1E1" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="431">Dugesia</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
characterised by the following characters: muscularised hump immediately antero-dorsally to a knee-shaped bend in its bursal canal; ejaculatory duct opening subterminally through the dorsal side of the penis papilla; oviducts opening asymmetrically into the female copulatory apparatus, with the right oviduct opening into the knee-shaped bend of the bursal canal and the left oviduct opening into the common atrium; an asymmetrical penis papilla; small diaphragm; presence of a duct between seminal vesicle and diaphragm.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection id="D7F79ED7D2BDA28EEA153C5143EFA887" pageId="0" pageNumber="431" type="etymology">
|
|
<paragraph id="D19B070E15E8BCED78BDC7137BA23132" pageId="0" pageNumber="431">Etymology.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="F92262A525A2E589CDCBBBC4E747B9E7" pageId="0" pageNumber="431">
|
|
The specific epithet is based on the Latin
|
|
<emphasis id="9AA0FC7540EF54C1F4960DB87E855059" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="431">umbonis</emphasis>
|
|
, rounded protuberance, and alludes to the muscularised hump that sits on the postero-dorsal portion of the bursal canal.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection id="8EF66AFB1292B47A3659710EAC51C978" pageId="0" pageNumber="431" type="description">
|
|
<paragraph id="F043A6DDB5D257BE1384BEF74C176E09" pageId="0" pageNumber="431">Description.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="E1C1565DE0CCC54C020ED678F17AD50B" pageId="0" pageNumber="431">Fissiparous and ex-fissiparous animals exhibit similar external features, apart from body size. Description and measurements, presented below, are based on sexualised, ex-fissiparous specimens.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="A756A8B325F203166057D942A46AFF7A" pageId="0" pageNumber="431">
|
|
Living, sexualised ex-fissiparous specimens ranged from
|
|
<quantity id="38D23EC153FB8F48E930B4A28D4BFA6A" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.535" metricValueMax="3.1399999999999997" metricValueMin="1.93" unit="cm" value="253.5" valueMax="314.0" valueMin="193.0">1.93-3.14 cm</quantity>
|
|
in length and
|
|
<quantity id="634C70D641DB52C423E0CC27D753EF15" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.705" metricValueMax="3.44" metricValueMin="1.97" unit="mm" value="270.5" valueMax="344.0" valueMin="197.0">1.97-3.44 mm</quantity>
|
|
in width (
|
|
<emphasis id="C17DCF6B109815DDC8284B54F18BE24F" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="431">n</emphasis>
|
|
= 5; Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation id="024EFF3DBAA7957CF1E3EB8D6D3D8CD2" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Dugesia umbonata. A, B. habitus of live, sexual animals in dorsal view." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.96.52484.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/425810" pageId="0" pageNumber="431">3A, B</figureCitation>
|
|
). A pair of eyes is located at about 1/21 of the body length as determined from the anterior body end (Figs
|
|
<figureCitation id="98B4E4FC5BF30B7DA3FD125B8DB602A1" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Dugesia umbonata. A, B. habitus of live, sexual animals in dorsal view." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.96.52484.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/425810" pageId="0" pageNumber="431">3A, B</figureCitation>
|
|
,
|
|
<figureCitation id="DF31A6903DB30F0EBF4503270EFBB1F9" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Dugesia umbonata, habitus of live animals. A. anterior end, dorsal view; B. ventral view of anterior end showing ovaries; C. ventral view of rear end, showing pharynx, mouth and gonopore." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.96.52484.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/425811" pageId="0" pageNumber="431">4A</figureCitation>
|
|
). The distance between the eyes and the lateral body margin varies from 369-478
|
|
<normalizedToken id="76E9C8000794F72B40777E0737839F07" originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
|
|
(
|
|
<emphasis id="53B2DB276F1AB68254A1E440E9BD282B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="431">n</emphasis>
|
|
= 5), while the distance between the eye cups ranges from 129-297
|
|
<normalizedToken id="1D97593E3C0C31E285A3D2A95619BB09" originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
|
|
(
|
|
<emphasis id="7E4E60F5922203D6D532004744514746" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="431">n</emphasis>
|
|
= 5; Figs
|
|
<figureCitation id="B4FE9A4919F566FADA188B79AB49C95F" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Dugesia umbonata. A, B. habitus of live, sexual animals in dorsal view." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.96.52484.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/425810" pageId="0" pageNumber="431">3A, B</figureCitation>
|
|
,
|
|
<figureCitation id="9AAB66C55E8A4DDBB543664A4D784F03" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Dugesia umbonata, habitus of live animals. A. anterior end, dorsal view; B. ventral view of anterior end showing ovaries; C. ventral view of rear end, showing pharynx, mouth and gonopore." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.96.52484.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/425811" pageId="0" pageNumber="431">4A</figureCitation>
|
|
). Each eye cup contains numerous retinal cells. Auricular grooves are located near the body margins on either side of the head, at a position just posterior to the eyes (Figs
|
|
<figureCitation id="F00D20F8FB6DFF5DF9043E33ED568FBF" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Dugesia umbonata. A, B. habitus of live, sexual animals in dorsal view." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.96.52484.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/425810" pageId="0" pageNumber="431">3A, B</figureCitation>
|
|
,
|
|
<figureCitation id="CD4803B809B3ABCC684DFCA7B81584BF" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Dugesia umbonata, habitus of live animals. A. anterior end, dorsal view; B. ventral view of anterior end showing ovaries; C. ventral view of rear end, showing pharynx, mouth and gonopore." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.96.52484.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/425811" pageId="0" pageNumber="431">4A</figureCitation>
|
|
).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<caption id="741766AA6A99993A0CB3D59A2CC6AB78" doi="10.3897/zse.96.52484.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/425810" pageId="0" pageNumber="431" start="Figure 3" startId="F3">
|
|
<paragraph id="A3429DECE7A3B26B4DDBAB8738D28EFD" pageId="0" pageNumber="431">
|
|
<emphasis id="8A2D16DD8A0C1909D8A3F0D71354C16E" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="431">Figure 3.</emphasis>
|
|
<taxonomicName id="8111C155046CCD3D2A2DEC6AF4FEC6CF" authorityName="Song & Wang" authorityYear="2020" family="Dugesiidae" genus="Dugesia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dugesia umbonata" order="Tricladida" pageId="0" pageNumber="431" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="umbonata">
|
|
<emphasis id="95C428D0CCE2ED6BE9C78F81F351F796" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="431">Dugesia umbonata</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
.
|
|
<emphasis id="F7E1DACABCB6C086D71EE74C905A6F7B" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="431">A, B.</emphasis>
|
|
habitus of live, sexual animals in dorsal view.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</caption>
|
|
<paragraph id="0940CAAA43F979973AD4A7C3C84D755F" pageId="0" pageNumber="431">
|
|
The dorsal surface is blackish, the colouration being formed by dense accumulations of dark brown specks; the ventral surface is brown (Figs
|
|
<figureCitation id="99C9FE144214EDDCAB1264A048B97EA8" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Dugesia umbonata. A, B. habitus of live, sexual animals in dorsal view." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.96.52484.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/425810" pageId="0" pageNumber="431">3</figureCitation>
|
|
,
|
|
<figureCitation id="3BEB0263DBB8A9544FF1CC9CC3C872AD" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Dugesia umbonata, habitus of live animals. A. anterior end, dorsal view; B. ventral view of anterior end showing ovaries; C. ventral view of rear end, showing pharynx, mouth and gonopore." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.96.52484.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/425811" pageId="0" pageNumber="431">4</figureCitation>
|
|
). Regions around the eyes and auricular grooves are unpigmented (Figs
|
|
<figureCitation id="3A63CA1CA010DA7218EA6F6AAD8C60CF" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Dugesia umbonata. A, B. habitus of live, sexual animals in dorsal view." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.96.52484.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/425810" pageId="0" pageNumber="431">3A, B</figureCitation>
|
|
,
|
|
<figureCitation id="11367CACA8D0BF58ACE6737627D28906" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Dugesia umbonata, habitus of live animals. A. anterior end, dorsal view; B. ventral view of anterior end showing ovaries; C. ventral view of rear end, showing pharynx, mouth and gonopore." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.96.52484.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/425811" pageId="0" pageNumber="431">4A</figureCitation>
|
|
). A pale, narrow mid-dorsal stripe runs from anterior to the eyes to the tip of the tail; body margins are also pale (Figs
|
|
<figureCitation id="A91ECAF2BB9DAA737C80FBAABF7A733D" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Dugesia umbonata. A, B. habitus of live, sexual animals in dorsal view." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.96.52484.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/425810" pageId="0" pageNumber="431">3A, B</figureCitation>
|
|
,
|
|
<figureCitation id="AFEE84C346BB6FB1282851E951558058" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Dugesia umbonata, habitus of live animals. A. anterior end, dorsal view; B. ventral view of anterior end showing ovaries; C. ventral view of rear end, showing pharynx, mouth and gonopore." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.96.52484.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/425811" pageId="0" pageNumber="431">4A</figureCitation>
|
|
).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<caption id="1742DBA6F7F6540FF03B8B3900F78789" doi="10.3897/zse.96.52484.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/425811" pageId="0" pageNumber="431" start="Figure 4" startId="F4">
|
|
<paragraph id="68C9C6D2AD1138BD3014FA6F6AD420FF" pageId="0" pageNumber="431">
|
|
<emphasis id="B8A8D585AF598FBE3EC2821F664A3BA4" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="431">Figure 4.</emphasis>
|
|
<taxonomicName id="625E57386B7C90E8E402D971502D57DE" authorityName="Song & Wang" authorityYear="2020" family="Dugesiidae" genus="Dugesia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dugesia umbonata" order="Tricladida" pageId="0" pageNumber="431" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="umbonata">
|
|
<emphasis id="1723FA8A4B39164A9F915B57FEF96F87" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="431">Dugesia umbonata</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
, habitus of live animals.
|
|
<emphasis id="903BF7F49278141E7C0D06A19F5A178E" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="431">A.</emphasis>
|
|
anterior end, dorsal view;
|
|
<emphasis id="DA49EB8370142524F1CC604A1D2325FF" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="431">B.</emphasis>
|
|
ventral view of anterior end showing ovaries;
|
|
<emphasis id="303B41CA7A9637F127889F0374FBB5E3" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="431">C.</emphasis>
|
|
ventral view of rear end, showing pharynx, mouth and gonopore.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</caption>
|
|
<paragraph id="233D32563AA0E122E8913B95CBD74C0F" pageId="0" pageNumber="431">
|
|
The cylindrical pharynx is positioned at about 2/5-1/2 of the body length as determined from the anterior body margin (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation id="38FA71EDA2B1EFAC323C600EAA38F50C" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Dugesia umbonata. A, B. habitus of live, sexual animals in dorsal view." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.96.52484.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/425810" pageId="0" pageNumber="431">3</figureCitation>
|
|
); it measures about 1/10 of the total body length, i.e. about
|
|
<quantity id="24E62056CF07BC0063B230548827CAE8" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.6350000000000002" metricValueMax="3.0100000000000002" metricValueMin="2.2600000000000002" unit="mm" value="263.5" valueMax="301.0" valueMin="226.0">2.26-3.01 mm</quantity>
|
|
in length and 129-297
|
|
<normalizedToken id="D8C7FDFC04FDAEC2153E0883CEF542D0" originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
|
|
in width (
|
|
<emphasis id="C8A22E7971067E0B3C6E56EB8155800D" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="431">n</emphasis>
|
|
= 5; Figs
|
|
<figureCitation id="7B265B6AD34C447903FDBB570C2DA6BD" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Dugesia umbonata. A, B. habitus of live, sexual animals in dorsal view." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.96.52484.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/425810" pageId="0" pageNumber="431">3A, B</figureCitation>
|
|
,
|
|
<figureCitation id="D4FA8B8C77D74C1C90624C0690340782" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Dugesia umbonata, habitus of live animals. A. anterior end, dorsal view; B. ventral view of anterior end showing ovaries; C. ventral view of rear end, showing pharynx, mouth and gonopore." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.96.52484.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/425811" pageId="0" pageNumber="431">4C</figureCitation>
|
|
). The outer epithelium of the pharynx is underlain by a thick layer of longitudinal muscle, followed by 2-3 layers of circular muscle. The inner epithelium is underlain by a rather thick layer of circular muscles, followed by 2-3 layers of longitudinal muscle. The mouth opening is situated at the posterior end of the pharyngeal cavity (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation id="E808887E4A37686F2A722974F7B03105" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Dugesia umbonata, habitus of live animals. A. anterior end, dorsal view; B. ventral view of anterior end showing ovaries; C. ventral view of rear end, showing pharynx, mouth and gonopore." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.96.52484.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/425811" pageId="0" pageNumber="431">4C</figureCitation>
|
|
).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="CC82F32133428958FDFCD79E3DF93F28" pageId="0" pageNumber="431">
|
|
A pair of hyperplasic ovaries is situated at a short distance behind the brain, i.e. at about
|
|
<date id="107912C28C8E099DE7C5B384860DA740" value="2020-01-10" valueMax="2020-01-03" valueMin="2020-01-10">1/10-3/20</date>
|
|
of the body length as determined from the anterior body margin (
|
|
<emphasis id="C7C17BBE570E0DA62C959269AC26B2B1" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="431">n</emphasis>
|
|
= 5; Figs
|
|
<figureCitation id="1877ABC17561BAFF2BF56356F2E43E56" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Dugesia umbonata. A, B. habitus of live, sexual animals in dorsal view." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.96.52484.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/425810" pageId="0" pageNumber="431">3A, B</figureCitation>
|
|
,
|
|
<figureCitation id="37C7CE334391E55966A3EE4844803CFC" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Dugesia umbonata, habitus of live animals. A. anterior end, dorsal view; B. ventral view of anterior end showing ovaries; C. ventral view of rear end, showing pharynx, mouth and gonopore." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.96.52484.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/425811" pageId="0" pageNumber="431">4B</figureCitation>
|
|
), the gonads measuring about 471-1049
|
|
<normalizedToken id="AF270D24389F1CDEB1670EDC9C74E4EC" originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
|
|
in anterior-posterior direction and about 149-234
|
|
<normalizedToken id="6D4E59A28DD15EB1DAE36FD781E3481D" originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
|
|
in width (
|
|
<emphasis id="FF153F66D0E49DA279CE1A55305C663C" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="431">n</emphasis>
|
|
= 5; Figs
|
|
<figureCitation id="8AA94F6E48E0742317A1930C275B1F9A" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Dugesia umbonata. A, B. habitus of live, sexual animals in dorsal view." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.96.52484.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/425810" pageId="0" pageNumber="431">3A</figureCitation>
|
|
,
|
|
<figureCitation id="E160EE63B12278C5896A9D983F0179F3" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Dugesia umbonata, habitus of live animals. A. anterior end, dorsal view; B. ventral view of anterior end showing ovaries; C. ventral view of rear end, showing pharynx, mouth and gonopore." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.96.52484.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/425811" pageId="0" pageNumber="431">4B</figureCitation>
|
|
).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="621D8C8892A4A84B0959E4A2FF45840E" pageId="0" pageNumber="431">
|
|
The oviducts open asymmetrically into the female copulatory apparatus, with the right oviduct opening into the knee-shaped bend of the bursal canal, while the left oviduct opens into the common atrium (Figs
|
|
<figureCitation id="B7ADF3C5D891E317AFB8ACF3C5631C60" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Dugesia umbonata, holotype PLA- 0151, sagittal sections and reconstructions of the copulatory apparatus. A. photomicrograph showing copulatory bursa, bursal canal, hump and seminal vesicle; B. photomicrograph showing copulatory bursa, seminal vesicle, ejaculatory duct, diaphragm, penis, male atrium, common atrium and gonopore; C. photomicrograph showing copulatory bursa, ejaculatory duct, penis papilla and male atrium; D. reconstruction male copulatory apparatus; E. reconstruction female copulatory apparatus." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.96.52484.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/425812" pageId="0" pageNumber="431">5E</figureCitation>
|
|
,
|
|
<figureCitation id="9C486322910FDF267BE25C228C22D55B" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Dugesia umbonata, paratype PLA- 0152, sagittal sections and reconstructions of the copulatory apparatus. A. photomicrograph showing copulatory bursa, bursal canal and hump; B. photomicrograph showing copulatory bursa, seminal vesicle, ejaculatory duct, diaphragm, penis, male atrium, common atrium and gonopore; C. photomicrograph showing copulatory bursa, ejaculatory duct, penis, male atrium and common atrium; D. reconstruction male copulatory apparatus; E. reconstruction female copulatory apparatus." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.96.52484.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/425813" pageId="0" pageNumber="431">6E</figureCitation>
|
|
,
|
|
<figureCitation id="05F1E027A69A443E155559D0B85CD0F1" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Dugesia umbonata, paratype RMNH. VER. 19968. a, sagittal sections and reconstructions of the copulatory apparatus. A. photomicrographs showing copulatory bursa, bursal canal, seminal vesicle, diaphragm, penis, male atrium and hump; B. photomicrograph showing copulatory bursa, bursal canal, seminal vesicle, diaphragm, penis, male atrium, common atrium and gonopore; C. photomicrograph showing copulatory bursa, ejaculatory duct, penis, male atrium, common atrium and gonopore; D. reconstruction male copulatory apparatus; E. reconstruction female copulatory apparatus." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.96.52484.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/425814" pageId="0" pageNumber="431">7E</figureCitation>
|
|
).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<caption id="C0D48FF8C5DCA136903A9894560FDC27" doi="10.3897/zse.96.52484.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/425812" pageId="0" pageNumber="431" start="Figure 5" startId="F5">
|
|
<paragraph id="6D50854F1AD0468F3DA71B4BDEBEB109" pageId="0" pageNumber="431">
|
|
<emphasis id="3E2F13751FD8C76C18F7811FCF765E78" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="431">Figure 5.</emphasis>
|
|
<taxonomicName id="29D0B121EE14E653001674C6C112098B" authorityName="Song & Wang" authorityYear="2020" family="Dugesiidae" genus="Dugesia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dugesia umbonata" order="Tricladida" pageId="0" pageNumber="431" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="umbonata">
|
|
<emphasis id="DC86823523C780467F6D45C51C87A0F9" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="431">Dugesia umbonata</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<typeStatus id="3C46913FB5BDCB33DDF03A17B2457426">holotype</typeStatus>
|
|
PLA-0151, sagittal sections and reconstructions of the copulatory apparatus.
|
|
<emphasis id="0A2C6A4BB7080902A04116C5CCCF3D9D" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="431">A.</emphasis>
|
|
photomicrograph showing copulatory bursa, bursal canal, hump and seminal vesicle;
|
|
<emphasis id="810D7ABFD531C126489FEF5B540B5E17" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="431">B.</emphasis>
|
|
photomicrograph showing copulatory bursa, seminal vesicle, ejaculatory duct, diaphragm, penis, male atrium, common atrium and gonopore;
|
|
<emphasis id="847301DD2186575986896233F4F293A1" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="431">C.</emphasis>
|
|
photomicrograph showing copulatory bursa, ejaculatory duct, penis papilla and male atrium;
|
|
<emphasis id="5DB6967198912F38422D69C6866E1888" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="431">D.</emphasis>
|
|
reconstruction male copulatory apparatus;
|
|
<emphasis id="02373FEFB5FD2E141FE86F7421421431" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="431">E.</emphasis>
|
|
reconstruction female copulatory apparatus.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</caption>
|
|
<paragraph id="9548F78390C86B691593BA1E06600F31" pageId="0" pageNumber="431">
|
|
A large, elongated, sac-shaped copulatory bursa is situated posteriorly to the pharynx and is lined with a layer of vacuolated, nucleated cells (Figs
|
|
<figureCitation id="1FB67323411FBC74147200285047B232" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Dugesia umbonata, holotype PLA- 0151, sagittal sections and reconstructions of the copulatory apparatus. A. photomicrograph showing copulatory bursa, bursal canal, hump and seminal vesicle; B. photomicrograph showing copulatory bursa, seminal vesicle, ejaculatory duct, diaphragm, penis, male atrium, common atrium and gonopore; C. photomicrograph showing copulatory bursa, ejaculatory duct, penis papilla and male atrium; D. reconstruction male copulatory apparatus; E. reconstruction female copulatory apparatus." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.96.52484.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/425812" pageId="0" pageNumber="431">5</figureCitation>
|
|
-
|
|
<figureCitation id="8A0CF72BA05020A453F1BA1CE40B370B" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Dugesia umbonata, paratype RMNH. VER. 19968. a, sagittal sections and reconstructions of the copulatory apparatus. A. photomicrographs showing copulatory bursa, bursal canal, seminal vesicle, diaphragm, penis, male atrium and hump; B. photomicrograph showing copulatory bursa, bursal canal, seminal vesicle, diaphragm, penis, male atrium, common atrium and gonopore; C. photomicrograph showing copulatory bursa, ejaculatory duct, penis, male atrium, common atrium and gonopore; D. reconstruction male copulatory apparatus; E. reconstruction female copulatory apparatus." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.96.52484.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/425814" pageId="0" pageNumber="431">7</figureCitation>
|
|
). The bursal canal runs from the postero-dorsal wall of the copulatory bursa in a caudal direction to the left-side of the copulatory apparatus. Hereafter, the bursal canal makes a knee-shaped bend in the antero-ventral direction, after which it opens into the dorsal portion of the common atrium (Figs
|
|
<figureCitation id="B6D116925D6C51DF5DB6729164B3C4A5" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Dugesia umbonata, holotype PLA- 0151, sagittal sections and reconstructions of the copulatory apparatus. A. photomicrograph showing copulatory bursa, bursal canal, hump and seminal vesicle; B. photomicrograph showing copulatory bursa, seminal vesicle, ejaculatory duct, diaphragm, penis, male atrium, common atrium and gonopore; C. photomicrograph showing copulatory bursa, ejaculatory duct, penis papilla and male atrium; D. reconstruction male copulatory apparatus; E. reconstruction female copulatory apparatus." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.96.52484.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/425812" pageId="0" pageNumber="431">5A, B, E</figureCitation>
|
|
,
|
|
<figureCitation id="32649CCA538260D5D79796FDC1EFA779" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Dugesia umbonata, paratype PLA- 0152, sagittal sections and reconstructions of the copulatory apparatus. A. photomicrograph showing copulatory bursa, bursal canal and hump; B. photomicrograph showing copulatory bursa, seminal vesicle, ejaculatory duct, diaphragm, penis, male atrium, common atrium and gonopore; C. photomicrograph showing copulatory bursa, ejaculatory duct, penis, male atrium and common atrium; D. reconstruction male copulatory apparatus; E. reconstruction female copulatory apparatus." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.96.52484.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/425813" pageId="0" pageNumber="431">6A, E</figureCitation>
|
|
,
|
|
<figureCitation id="4E4157B6088E52DF2C8D3CA35980F9D8" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Dugesia umbonata, paratype RMNH. VER. 19968. a, sagittal sections and reconstructions of the copulatory apparatus. A. photomicrographs showing copulatory bursa, bursal canal, seminal vesicle, diaphragm, penis, male atrium and hump; B. photomicrograph showing copulatory bursa, bursal canal, seminal vesicle, diaphragm, penis, male atrium, common atrium and gonopore; C. photomicrograph showing copulatory bursa, ejaculatory duct, penis, male atrium, common atrium and gonopore; D. reconstruction male copulatory apparatus; E. reconstruction female copulatory apparatus." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.96.52484.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/425814" pageId="0" pageNumber="431">7A, E</figureCitation>
|
|
). The bursal canal is lined by a nucleated, glandular epithelium, which is underlain by 2-3 layers of longitudinal muscles, followed by 6-8 layers of circular muscle. Shell glands discharge their cyanophilic secretion into the knee-shaped portion of the bursal canal (Figs
|
|
<figureCitation id="A5BA1B723E872C16A1B5E3C788AFD83D" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Dugesia umbonata, holotype PLA- 0151, sagittal sections and reconstructions of the copulatory apparatus. A. photomicrograph showing copulatory bursa, bursal canal, hump and seminal vesicle; B. photomicrograph showing copulatory bursa, seminal vesicle, ejaculatory duct, diaphragm, penis, male atrium, common atrium and gonopore; C. photomicrograph showing copulatory bursa, ejaculatory duct, penis papilla and male atrium; D. reconstruction male copulatory apparatus; E. reconstruction female copulatory apparatus." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.96.52484.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/425812" pageId="0" pageNumber="431">5B-D</figureCitation>
|
|
,
|
|
<figureCitation id="FA8B24C08A1EADB718E882C3F9B5AF60" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Dugesia umbonata, paratype PLA- 0152, sagittal sections and reconstructions of the copulatory apparatus. A. photomicrograph showing copulatory bursa, bursal canal and hump; B. photomicrograph showing copulatory bursa, seminal vesicle, ejaculatory duct, diaphragm, penis, male atrium, common atrium and gonopore; C. photomicrograph showing copulatory bursa, ejaculatory duct, penis, male atrium and common atrium; D. reconstruction male copulatory apparatus; E. reconstruction female copulatory apparatus." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.96.52484.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/425813" pageId="0" pageNumber="431">6B-D</figureCitation>
|
|
,
|
|
<figureCitation id="0FBCF257F52A55EBBE8D09C6EF078AC5" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Dugesia umbonata, paratype RMNH. VER. 19968. a, sagittal sections and reconstructions of the copulatory apparatus. A. photomicrographs showing copulatory bursa, bursal canal, seminal vesicle, diaphragm, penis, male atrium and hump; B. photomicrograph showing copulatory bursa, bursal canal, seminal vesicle, diaphragm, penis, male atrium, common atrium and gonopore; C. photomicrograph showing copulatory bursa, ejaculatory duct, penis, male atrium, common atrium and gonopore; D. reconstruction male copulatory apparatus; E. reconstruction female copulatory apparatus." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.96.52484.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/425814" pageId="0" pageNumber="431">7B-D</figureCitation>
|
|
).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<caption id="22D4553ADD937594D9280C3926E4DBC6" doi="10.3897/zse.96.52484.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/425813" pageId="0" pageNumber="431" start="Figure 6" startId="F6">
|
|
<paragraph id="A9BFC86DCCC5DB8D24A31F3C4CC68BF7" pageId="0" pageNumber="431">
|
|
<emphasis id="12F258468AC8BB215A5DAF6428A5781A" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="431">Figure 6.</emphasis>
|
|
<taxonomicName id="C2837A56EEF1D22211547B7F9A695291" authorityName="Song & Wang" authorityYear="2020" family="Dugesiidae" genus="Dugesia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dugesia umbonata" order="Tricladida" pageId="0" pageNumber="431" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="umbonata">
|
|
<emphasis id="62EEC1C55ED9CE72678ED43440A13A36" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="431">Dugesia umbonata</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<typeStatus id="456B0C1C79211137FBD1CF7E18675247">paratype</typeStatus>
|
|
PLA-0152, sagittal sections and reconstructions of the copulatory apparatus.
|
|
<emphasis id="43B342ECB00F78F36BD63EF8C9ABAD5C" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="431">A.</emphasis>
|
|
photomicrograph showing copulatory bursa, bursal canal and hump;
|
|
<emphasis id="6B914E61C3D8FDA6814A913BA262A29F" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="431">B.</emphasis>
|
|
photomicrograph showing copulatory bursa, seminal vesicle, ejaculatory duct, diaphragm, penis, male atrium, common atrium and gonopore;
|
|
<emphasis id="2C311E10D0E5AEAF9E0932E138E3F849" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="431">C.</emphasis>
|
|
photomicrograph showing copulatory bursa, ejaculatory duct, penis, male atrium and common atrium;
|
|
<emphasis id="DD4AFED216A10C0944CE428965A94718" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="431">D.</emphasis>
|
|
reconstruction male copulatory apparatus;
|
|
<emphasis id="60B1C54F9CDACF2E50B9AFC2DB444045" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="431">E.</emphasis>
|
|
reconstruction female copulatory apparatus.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</caption>
|
|
<paragraph id="77B8FE06D43EE643B96A99C858D4136C" pageId="0" pageNumber="431">
|
|
Immediately antero-dorsally to the knee-shaped bend, the bursal canal carries a voluminous, ellipsoidal muscular hump that measures about 428-475
|
|
<normalizedToken id="ECB58B31FE4AB2494C8F0AD5CF754684" originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
|
|
in anterior-posterior direction and 268-292
|
|
<normalizedToken id="8A2198583272A77ACE8879BE3C8D30CC" originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
|
|
in cross-section (
|
|
<emphasis id="45312BBB9110512E985B2B3BF6BC9029" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="431">n</emphasis>
|
|
= 3; Figs
|
|
<figureCitation id="2E5A2D3837B13C8734E07050FD66E508" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Dugesia umbonata, holotype PLA- 0151, sagittal sections and reconstructions of the copulatory apparatus. A. photomicrograph showing copulatory bursa, bursal canal, hump and seminal vesicle; B. photomicrograph showing copulatory bursa, seminal vesicle, ejaculatory duct, diaphragm, penis, male atrium, common atrium and gonopore; C. photomicrograph showing copulatory bursa, ejaculatory duct, penis papilla and male atrium; D. reconstruction male copulatory apparatus; E. reconstruction female copulatory apparatus." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.96.52484.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/425812" pageId="0" pageNumber="431">5A, E</figureCitation>
|
|
,
|
|
<figureCitation id="8547568184F57B9958930C4E2C01B69F" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Dugesia umbonata, paratype PLA- 0152, sagittal sections and reconstructions of the copulatory apparatus. A. photomicrograph showing copulatory bursa, bursal canal and hump; B. photomicrograph showing copulatory bursa, seminal vesicle, ejaculatory duct, diaphragm, penis, male atrium, common atrium and gonopore; C. photomicrograph showing copulatory bursa, ejaculatory duct, penis, male atrium and common atrium; D. reconstruction male copulatory apparatus; E. reconstruction female copulatory apparatus." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.96.52484.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/425813" pageId="0" pageNumber="431">6A, E</figureCitation>
|
|
,
|
|
<figureCitation id="679E64F6F647AFFAF208C25353920AEF" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Dugesia umbonata, paratype RMNH. VER. 19968. a, sagittal sections and reconstructions of the copulatory apparatus. A. photomicrographs showing copulatory bursa, bursal canal, seminal vesicle, diaphragm, penis, male atrium and hump; B. photomicrograph showing copulatory bursa, bursal canal, seminal vesicle, diaphragm, penis, male atrium, common atrium and gonopore; C. photomicrograph showing copulatory bursa, ejaculatory duct, penis, male atrium, common atrium and gonopore; D. reconstruction male copulatory apparatus; E. reconstruction female copulatory apparatus." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.96.52484.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/425814" pageId="0" pageNumber="431">7A, E</figureCitation>
|
|
). The hump consists of irregular, nucleated mesenchymal cells and is surrounded by a coat of intermingled muscles; there are also muscle fibres traversing the hump in all directions in a more loosely arranged, irregular and reticulated way (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation id="04B938F6781B027018087CB8B0CA2E62" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Dugesia umbonata, photomicrographs showing the hump. A, B. paratype PLA- 0153, horizontal sections (anterior at the top); C, D. paratype PLA- 0154, transverse sections." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.96.52484.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/425815" pageId="0" pageNumber="431">8</figureCitation>
|
|
).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<caption id="7065E593C3EF03D7B4BE6A6AC82CD3CE" doi="10.3897/zse.96.52484.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/425814" pageId="0" pageNumber="431" start="Figure 7" startId="F7">
|
|
<paragraph id="0E7B2B07AB3F4E0CD3C9DDA07D674903" pageId="0" pageNumber="431">
|
|
<emphasis id="88D6E7BFBFD7DA6515161326C09D7F23" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="431">Figure 7.</emphasis>
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4BAA5FCDB0C2B4702EEC001FD807911A" authorityName="Song & Wang" authorityYear="2020" family="Dugesiidae" genus="Dugesia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dugesia umbonata" order="Tricladida" pageId="0" pageNumber="431" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="umbonata">
|
|
<emphasis id="085F38E8725A922B21F22E464A1B64CC" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="431">Dugesia umbonata</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<typeStatus id="BD1EC398EA3982FBFE72758D2A9AA09C">paratype</typeStatus>
|
|
<collectionCode id="F94EBF6B99C78D21121968814CE8E3A3" collectionName="Netherlands, Leiden, Nationaal Natuurhistorische Museum ("Naturalis") [formerly Rijksmuseum van Natuurlijke Historie]" country="Netherlands" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34992" name="National Museum of Natural History, Naturalis" type="Museum">RMNH</collectionCode>
|
|
.VER.19968.a, sagittal sections and reconstructions of the copulatory apparatus.
|
|
<emphasis id="F364F7B2E302245DE2C0075334B8587F" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="431">A.</emphasis>
|
|
photomicrographs showing copulatory bursa, bursal canal, seminal vesicle, diaphragm, penis, male atrium and hump;
|
|
<emphasis id="9B4E8457F1EA24156C7CB7E1967148C9" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="431">B.</emphasis>
|
|
photomicrograph showing copulatory bursa, bursal canal, seminal vesicle, diaphragm, penis, male atrium, common atrium and gonopore;
|
|
<emphasis id="97B460870F8EE819ACFBAE2DE119B26A" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="431">C.</emphasis>
|
|
photomicrograph showing copulatory bursa, ejaculatory duct, penis, male atrium, common atrium and gonopore;
|
|
<emphasis id="678CB26F7D30DAF5369A7D29C89980C8" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="431">D.</emphasis>
|
|
reconstruction male copulatory apparatus;
|
|
<emphasis id="4003E65EB2CEF8400350F05B8868BE6B" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="431">E.</emphasis>
|
|
reconstruction female copulatory apparatus.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</caption>
|
|
<paragraph id="83C641D8037A7E247C25773045A59ED5" pageId="0" pageNumber="431">
|
|
In none of the specimens examined, testes could be discerned. The penis consists of a plump, more or less barrel-shaped papilla and an elongated bulb, the latter consisting of intermingled longitudinal and circular muscle fibres (Figs
|
|
<figureCitation id="0EF0A6B4AD945B936628162F9356781D" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Dugesia umbonata, holotype PLA- 0151, sagittal sections and reconstructions of the copulatory apparatus. A. photomicrograph showing copulatory bursa, bursal canal, hump and seminal vesicle; B. photomicrograph showing copulatory bursa, seminal vesicle, ejaculatory duct, diaphragm, penis, male atrium, common atrium and gonopore; C. photomicrograph showing copulatory bursa, ejaculatory duct, penis papilla and male atrium; D. reconstruction male copulatory apparatus; E. reconstruction female copulatory apparatus." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.96.52484.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/425812" pageId="0" pageNumber="431">5B-D</figureCitation>
|
|
,
|
|
<figureCitation id="066AA1C93EFABDB83ED70621210B7C76" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Dugesia umbonata, paratype PLA- 0152, sagittal sections and reconstructions of the copulatory apparatus. A. photomicrograph showing copulatory bursa, bursal canal and hump; B. photomicrograph showing copulatory bursa, seminal vesicle, ejaculatory duct, diaphragm, penis, male atrium, common atrium and gonopore; C. photomicrograph showing copulatory bursa, ejaculatory duct, penis, male atrium and common atrium; D. reconstruction male copulatory apparatus; E. reconstruction female copulatory apparatus." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.96.52484.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/425813" pageId="0" pageNumber="431">6B-D</figureCitation>
|
|
,
|
|
<figureCitation id="21C623C457A1344A1E2D6072A26C2CF2" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Dugesia umbonata, paratype RMNH. VER. 19968. a, sagittal sections and reconstructions of the copulatory apparatus. A. photomicrographs showing copulatory bursa, bursal canal, seminal vesicle, diaphragm, penis, male atrium and hump; B. photomicrograph showing copulatory bursa, bursal canal, seminal vesicle, diaphragm, penis, male atrium, common atrium and gonopore; C. photomicrograph showing copulatory bursa, ejaculatory duct, penis, male atrium, common atrium and gonopore; D. reconstruction male copulatory apparatus; E. reconstruction female copulatory apparatus." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.96.52484.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/425814" pageId="0" pageNumber="431">7B-D</figureCitation>
|
|
). The papilla is covered by a nucleated epithelium, which is underlain by 1-3 layers of circular muscles, followed by a layer of longitudinal muscle fibres.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<caption id="A774512BF47911BEB8C0FF8B5B7B3064" doi="10.3897/zse.96.52484.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/425815" pageId="0" pageNumber="431" start="Figure 8" startId="F8">
|
|
<paragraph id="76F8AE18FF2F61C408C3175A8C7B9022" pageId="0" pageNumber="431">
|
|
<emphasis id="EE8094369810DCE04876E087B2D0C705" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="431">Figure 8.</emphasis>
|
|
<taxonomicName id="9DEC2499B69EE2562B13DA756AA1878E" authorityName="Song & Wang" authorityYear="2020" family="Dugesiidae" genus="Dugesia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dugesia umbonata" order="Tricladida" pageId="0" pageNumber="431" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="umbonata">
|
|
<emphasis id="F8D9427555283721D5FC57CDCE484281" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="431">Dugesia umbonata</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
, photomicrographs showing the hump.
|
|
<emphasis id="D6574BA7B67BED980CF167497780212B" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="431">A, B.</emphasis>
|
|
<typeStatus id="C3DF5FE40361545EFA62B005B3C34E8D">paratype</typeStatus>
|
|
PLA-0153, horizontal sections (anterior at the top);
|
|
<emphasis id="D554FCC4FF1BE2AE5D651A3120A1F2CD" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="431">C, D.</emphasis>
|
|
<typeStatus id="5BEB7AABFCB56B026555BBA2B3C11BDA">paratype</typeStatus>
|
|
PLA-0154, transverse sections.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</caption>
|
|
<paragraph id="85EFCCCD14FAAFED6B926EC3C0B06BF9" pageId="0" pageNumber="431">
|
|
The penis bulb houses an egg-shaped seminal vesicle, which is situated near the antero-ventral side of the penis bulb (Figs
|
|
<figureCitation id="B39303AB98CEC4DCC3A7525ECCC21F60" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Dugesia umbonata, holotype PLA- 0151, sagittal sections and reconstructions of the copulatory apparatus. A. photomicrograph showing copulatory bursa, bursal canal, hump and seminal vesicle; B. photomicrograph showing copulatory bursa, seminal vesicle, ejaculatory duct, diaphragm, penis, male atrium, common atrium and gonopore; C. photomicrograph showing copulatory bursa, ejaculatory duct, penis papilla and male atrium; D. reconstruction male copulatory apparatus; E. reconstruction female copulatory apparatus." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.96.52484.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/425812" pageId="0" pageNumber="431">5A, B, D, E</figureCitation>
|
|
,
|
|
<figureCitation id="91A17F1E00C0ADACBD4144FC645EBF46" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Dugesia umbonata, paratype PLA- 0152, sagittal sections and reconstructions of the copulatory apparatus. A. photomicrograph showing copulatory bursa, bursal canal and hump; B. photomicrograph showing copulatory bursa, seminal vesicle, ejaculatory duct, diaphragm, penis, male atrium, common atrium and gonopore; C. photomicrograph showing copulatory bursa, ejaculatory duct, penis, male atrium and common atrium; D. reconstruction male copulatory apparatus; E. reconstruction female copulatory apparatus." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.96.52484.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/425813" pageId="0" pageNumber="431">6B, D, E</figureCitation>
|
|
,
|
|
<figureCitation id="5B249D139695954E304C239A40E24C40" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Dugesia umbonata, paratype RMNH. VER. 19968. a, sagittal sections and reconstructions of the copulatory apparatus. A. photomicrographs showing copulatory bursa, bursal canal, seminal vesicle, diaphragm, penis, male atrium and hump; B. photomicrograph showing copulatory bursa, bursal canal, seminal vesicle, diaphragm, penis, male atrium, common atrium and gonopore; C. photomicrograph showing copulatory bursa, ejaculatory duct, penis, male atrium, common atrium and gonopore; D. reconstruction male copulatory apparatus; E. reconstruction female copulatory apparatus." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.96.52484.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/425814" pageId="0" pageNumber="431">7</figureCitation>
|
|
). The seminal vesicle is lined with a nucleated epithelium and surrounded by a layer of longitudinal muscle. The vasa deferentia open separately through the antero-dorsal wall of the seminal vesicle.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="123C12B7F1CA21E4EC915F2AB9400B54" pageId="0" pageNumber="431">
|
|
At its dorsal portion, the seminal vesicle gives rise to an extension that initially is rather broad, but then quickly narrows, while following a postero-ventral course to the small diaphragm, through which it communicates with the ejaculatory duct (Figs
|
|
<figureCitation id="521CBFAEB9CF220101CEFC1C063C67A6" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Dugesia umbonata, holotype PLA- 0151, sagittal sections and reconstructions of the copulatory apparatus. A. photomicrograph showing copulatory bursa, bursal canal, hump and seminal vesicle; B. photomicrograph showing copulatory bursa, seminal vesicle, ejaculatory duct, diaphragm, penis, male atrium, common atrium and gonopore; C. photomicrograph showing copulatory bursa, ejaculatory duct, penis papilla and male atrium; D. reconstruction male copulatory apparatus; E. reconstruction female copulatory apparatus." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.96.52484.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/425812" pageId="0" pageNumber="431">5B-E</figureCitation>
|
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,
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|
<figureCitation id="EEAD50131ECC1677F2926DB979AF8CFF" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Dugesia umbonata, paratype PLA- 0152, sagittal sections and reconstructions of the copulatory apparatus. A. photomicrograph showing copulatory bursa, bursal canal and hump; B. photomicrograph showing copulatory bursa, seminal vesicle, ejaculatory duct, diaphragm, penis, male atrium, common atrium and gonopore; C. photomicrograph showing copulatory bursa, ejaculatory duct, penis, male atrium and common atrium; D. reconstruction male copulatory apparatus; E. reconstruction female copulatory apparatus." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.96.52484.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/425813" pageId="0" pageNumber="431">6B-E</figureCitation>
|
|
,
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|
<figureCitation id="AD246B38217EA19E4053BFE569A719D4" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Dugesia umbonata, paratype RMNH. VER. 19968. a, sagittal sections and reconstructions of the copulatory apparatus. A. photomicrographs showing copulatory bursa, bursal canal, seminal vesicle, diaphragm, penis, male atrium and hump; B. photomicrograph showing copulatory bursa, bursal canal, seminal vesicle, diaphragm, penis, male atrium, common atrium and gonopore; C. photomicrograph showing copulatory bursa, ejaculatory duct, penis, male atrium, common atrium and gonopore; D. reconstruction male copulatory apparatus; E. reconstruction female copulatory apparatus." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.96.52484.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/425814" pageId="0" pageNumber="431">7B-E</figureCitation>
|
|
). The seminal vesicle and its extension are lined with a cuboidal, nucleated epithelium, which is underlain by 2-4 layers of circular muscle fibres. The small conical diaphragm is covered by an infranucleated epithelium that is underlain by 1-2 subepithelial layers of circular muscle. The diaphragm receives the abundant secretion of erythrophil penis glands, which discharge their secretion also into the most proximal, anterior portion of the ejaculatory duct (Figs
|
|
<figureCitation id="B91E404275264A685B6989142641C095" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Dugesia umbonata, holotype PLA- 0151, sagittal sections and reconstructions of the copulatory apparatus. A. photomicrograph showing copulatory bursa, bursal canal, hump and seminal vesicle; B. photomicrograph showing copulatory bursa, seminal vesicle, ejaculatory duct, diaphragm, penis, male atrium, common atrium and gonopore; C. photomicrograph showing copulatory bursa, ejaculatory duct, penis papilla and male atrium; D. reconstruction male copulatory apparatus; E. reconstruction female copulatory apparatus." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.96.52484.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/425812" pageId="0" pageNumber="431">5B-E</figureCitation>
|
|
,
|
|
<figureCitation id="9A1B7D128095CEA3E5E4CD756FA61176" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Dugesia umbonata, paratype PLA- 0152, sagittal sections and reconstructions of the copulatory apparatus. A. photomicrograph showing copulatory bursa, bursal canal and hump; B. photomicrograph showing copulatory bursa, seminal vesicle, ejaculatory duct, diaphragm, penis, male atrium, common atrium and gonopore; C. photomicrograph showing copulatory bursa, ejaculatory duct, penis, male atrium and common atrium; D. reconstruction male copulatory apparatus; E. reconstruction female copulatory apparatus." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.96.52484.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/425813" pageId="0" pageNumber="431">6B-E</figureCitation>
|
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,
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|
<figureCitation id="555A1F23C5C77530646F539B878CEEF8" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Dugesia umbonata, paratype RMNH. VER. 19968. a, sagittal sections and reconstructions of the copulatory apparatus. A. photomicrographs showing copulatory bursa, bursal canal, seminal vesicle, diaphragm, penis, male atrium and hump; B. photomicrograph showing copulatory bursa, bursal canal, seminal vesicle, diaphragm, penis, male atrium, common atrium and gonopore; C. photomicrograph showing copulatory bursa, ejaculatory duct, penis, male atrium, common atrium and gonopore; D. reconstruction male copulatory apparatus; E. reconstruction female copulatory apparatus." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.96.52484.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/425814" pageId="0" pageNumber="431">7</figureCitation>
|
|
).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="187E194BC1A96E29ECAFEA3D281660D3" pageId="0" pageNumber="431">
|
|
From the ventrally located diaphragm, the ejaculatory duct starts a postero-dorsally orientated course through the penis papilla, after a while exhibiting a dorsally directed knee-shaped bend, whereafter it opens subterminally through the dorsal side of the penis papilla, thus giving rise to an asymmetrical penis papilla (Figs
|
|
<figureCitation id="41777C8327EC542C1CD2C5C760069220" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Dugesia umbonata, holotype PLA- 0151, sagittal sections and reconstructions of the copulatory apparatus. A. photomicrograph showing copulatory bursa, bursal canal, hump and seminal vesicle; B. photomicrograph showing copulatory bursa, seminal vesicle, ejaculatory duct, diaphragm, penis, male atrium, common atrium and gonopore; C. photomicrograph showing copulatory bursa, ejaculatory duct, penis papilla and male atrium; D. reconstruction male copulatory apparatus; E. reconstruction female copulatory apparatus." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.96.52484.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/425812" pageId="0" pageNumber="431">5B-E</figureCitation>
|
|
,
|
|
<figureCitation id="D892AD2139074F40AC466BC79286C8D0" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Dugesia umbonata, paratype PLA- 0152, sagittal sections and reconstructions of the copulatory apparatus. A. photomicrograph showing copulatory bursa, bursal canal and hump; B. photomicrograph showing copulatory bursa, seminal vesicle, ejaculatory duct, diaphragm, penis, male atrium, common atrium and gonopore; C. photomicrograph showing copulatory bursa, ejaculatory duct, penis, male atrium and common atrium; D. reconstruction male copulatory apparatus; E. reconstruction female copulatory apparatus." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.96.52484.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/425813" pageId="0" pageNumber="431">6B-E</figureCitation>
|
|
,
|
|
<figureCitation id="99C03138D2CB2F2131BA99919F120DE1" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Dugesia umbonata, paratype RMNH. VER. 19968. a, sagittal sections and reconstructions of the copulatory apparatus. A. photomicrographs showing copulatory bursa, bursal canal, seminal vesicle, diaphragm, penis, male atrium and hump; B. photomicrograph showing copulatory bursa, bursal canal, seminal vesicle, diaphragm, penis, male atrium, common atrium and gonopore; C. photomicrograph showing copulatory bursa, ejaculatory duct, penis, male atrium, common atrium and gonopore; D. reconstruction male copulatory apparatus; E. reconstruction female copulatory apparatus." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.96.52484.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/425814" pageId="0" pageNumber="431">7B-E</figureCitation>
|
|
).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="7A54CFF3C62C0FD54EEE328A84350EC9" pageId="0" pageNumber="431">
|
|
The male atrium is lined by an epithelium consisting of nucleated, cylindrical cells and it is surrounded by a subepithelial layer of circular muscle, followed by 2-3 layers of longitudinal muscle. The male atrium communicates with the common atrium via a pronounced constriction (Figs
|
|
<figureCitation id="30EA0D2FEF1CC0D24EF489FEA62B7A16" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Dugesia umbonata, holotype PLA- 0151, sagittal sections and reconstructions of the copulatory apparatus. A. photomicrograph showing copulatory bursa, bursal canal, hump and seminal vesicle; B. photomicrograph showing copulatory bursa, seminal vesicle, ejaculatory duct, diaphragm, penis, male atrium, common atrium and gonopore; C. photomicrograph showing copulatory bursa, ejaculatory duct, penis papilla and male atrium; D. reconstruction male copulatory apparatus; E. reconstruction female copulatory apparatus." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.96.52484.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/425812" pageId="0" pageNumber="431">5B, D, E</figureCitation>
|
|
,
|
|
<figureCitation id="A52787A885A3343367E24B7640A7BA3F" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Dugesia umbonata, paratype PLA- 0152, sagittal sections and reconstructions of the copulatory apparatus. A. photomicrograph showing copulatory bursa, bursal canal and hump; B. photomicrograph showing copulatory bursa, seminal vesicle, ejaculatory duct, diaphragm, penis, male atrium, common atrium and gonopore; C. photomicrograph showing copulatory bursa, ejaculatory duct, penis, male atrium and common atrium; D. reconstruction male copulatory apparatus; E. reconstruction female copulatory apparatus." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.96.52484.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/425813" pageId="0" pageNumber="431">6B-E</figureCitation>
|
|
,
|
|
<figureCitation id="5583636E2189B0A63D1CDBE771307B13" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Dugesia umbonata, paratype RMNH. VER. 19968. a, sagittal sections and reconstructions of the copulatory apparatus. A. photomicrographs showing copulatory bursa, bursal canal, seminal vesicle, diaphragm, penis, male atrium and hump; B. photomicrograph showing copulatory bursa, bursal canal, seminal vesicle, diaphragm, penis, male atrium, common atrium and gonopore; C. photomicrograph showing copulatory bursa, ejaculatory duct, penis, male atrium, common atrium and gonopore; D. reconstruction male copulatory apparatus; E. reconstruction female copulatory apparatus." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.96.52484.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/425814" pageId="0" pageNumber="431">7B-E</figureCitation>
|
|
). The common atrium is lined with a nucleated epithelium and is surrounded by a subepithelial layer of circular muscle, followed by a layer of longitudinal muscle. Abundant, erythrophilic cement glands discharge their secretion into the gonopore, gonoduct and the very ventral portion of the common atrium (Figs
|
|
<figureCitation id="B151B58DF4445E1BF3AB4D39B5F0D756" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Dugesia umbonata, holotype PLA- 0151, sagittal sections and reconstructions of the copulatory apparatus. A. photomicrograph showing copulatory bursa, bursal canal, hump and seminal vesicle; B. photomicrograph showing copulatory bursa, seminal vesicle, ejaculatory duct, diaphragm, penis, male atrium, common atrium and gonopore; C. photomicrograph showing copulatory bursa, ejaculatory duct, penis papilla and male atrium; D. reconstruction male copulatory apparatus; E. reconstruction female copulatory apparatus." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.96.52484.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/425812" pageId="0" pageNumber="431">5B, D, E</figureCitation>
|
|
,
|
|
<figureCitation id="1DB1D908CEFF0A6A2655E4F6B2DD656F" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Dugesia umbonata, paratype PLA- 0152, sagittal sections and reconstructions of the copulatory apparatus. A. photomicrograph showing copulatory bursa, bursal canal and hump; B. photomicrograph showing copulatory bursa, seminal vesicle, ejaculatory duct, diaphragm, penis, male atrium, common atrium and gonopore; C. photomicrograph showing copulatory bursa, ejaculatory duct, penis, male atrium and common atrium; D. reconstruction male copulatory apparatus; E. reconstruction female copulatory apparatus." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.96.52484.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/425813" pageId="0" pageNumber="431">6B-E</figureCitation>
|
|
,
|
|
<figureCitation id="DC2FB0A0A4DEB0664B6CC62F8D959B2F" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Dugesia umbonata, paratype RMNH. VER. 19968. a, sagittal sections and reconstructions of the copulatory apparatus. A. photomicrographs showing copulatory bursa, bursal canal, seminal vesicle, diaphragm, penis, male atrium and hump; B. photomicrograph showing copulatory bursa, bursal canal, seminal vesicle, diaphragm, penis, male atrium, common atrium and gonopore; C. photomicrograph showing copulatory bursa, ejaculatory duct, penis, male atrium, common atrium and gonopore; D. reconstruction male copulatory apparatus; E. reconstruction female copulatory apparatus." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.96.52484.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/425814" pageId="0" pageNumber="431">7B-E</figureCitation>
|
|
). The gonopore is located at 1/3-1/4 (
|
|
<emphasis id="52261C045BE86120AA7985D1365F2A27" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="431">n</emphasis>
|
|
= 5) of the body length, as determined from the posterior body margin (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation id="40395259E938AC46D440500B8319070A" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Dugesia umbonata, habitus of live animals. A. anterior end, dorsal view; B. ventral view of anterior end showing ovaries; C. ventral view of rear end, showing pharynx, mouth and gonopore." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.96.52484.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/425811" pageId="0" pageNumber="431">4C</figureCitation>
|
|
).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection id="516B6741E74589E8ABD3CC7C1715C80E" pageId="0" pageNumber="431" type="histochemical structure of the nervous system">
|
|
<paragraph id="09C1FADA0F86151173911E36B128E74B" pageId="0" pageNumber="431">Histochemical structure of the nervous system.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="845CF84142AC1BF6FD6033F29F6A3F94" pageId="0" pageNumber="431">
|
|
After histochemical reaction with AChE, the major nervous system appears as a copper-red, ladder-like structure, comprising a brain, two ventral nerve cords and accompanying lateral branches and transverse commissures (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation id="A17D51A31536A7AA11791BDCC66BCB42" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. Dugesia umbonata, AChE nervous system structure, ventral view. A. entire animal; B. anterior end with cerebral ganglion; C. tail." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.96.52484.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/425816" pageId="0" pageNumber="431">9</figureCitation>
|
|
). The brain is composed of the thickened anterior portions of the ventral nerve cords, thus forming the cerebral ganglia, which together form an inverted V-shaped or U-shaped brain, as the ganglia are connected by a commissure at their anterior ends (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation id="3CF3DBF1282A22A25B8D35EDDFDE45E1" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. Dugesia umbonata, AChE nervous system structure, ventral view. A. entire animal; B. anterior end with cerebral ganglion; C. tail." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.96.52484.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/425816" pageId="0" pageNumber="431">9A, B</figureCitation>
|
|
). In addition, the ganglia communicate with each other by 6-7 thin, transverse commissures (
|
|
<emphasis id="C5CDC7A9F025B273B226EEB252FDD2D6" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="431">n</emphasis>
|
|
= 4; Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation id="1858B760EF10AE8A588023E84F2B3446" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. Dugesia umbonata, AChE nervous system structure, ventral view. A. entire animal; B. anterior end with cerebral ganglion; C. tail." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.96.52484.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/425816" pageId="0" pageNumber="431">9A, B</figureCitation>
|
|
). Each ganglion gives off 9-11 nerve branches (
|
|
<emphasis id="CBCD1FEFCF39DADDEF42736D9F896EFC" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="431">n</emphasis>
|
|
= 4; Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation id="3D2D7172409632C624DC7C4B0495F0FC" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. Dugesia umbonata, AChE nervous system structure, ventral view. A. entire animal; B. anterior end with cerebral ganglion; C. tail." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.96.52484.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/425816" pageId="0" pageNumber="431">9A, B</figureCitation>
|
|
). The eyes lie at the lateral border of the cerebral ganglia (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation id="8128838AF3609D88DA5E88F1BF017203" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. Dugesia umbonata, AChE nervous system structure, ventral view. A. entire animal; B. anterior end with cerebral ganglion; C. tail." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.96.52484.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/425816" pageId="0" pageNumber="431">9A, B</figureCitation>
|
|
). The two ventral nerve cords extend backwards from the posterior end of the cerebral ganglia and communicate at the tail end, giving off 43-47 lateral nerve branches on either side of the body (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation id="0F24E27A8D70DB355E1730D85D54CE3B" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. Dugesia umbonata, AChE nervous system structure, ventral view. A. entire animal; B. anterior end with cerebral ganglion; C. tail." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.96.52484.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/425816" pageId="0" pageNumber="431">9A, C</figureCitation>
|
|
), while there are 38-42 transverse commissures between the ventral nerve cords, which are especially numerous in the tail region (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation id="67ABE61F01ED55F4915F3F2ECC060CB7" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. Dugesia umbonata, AChE nervous system structure, ventral view. A. entire animal; B. anterior end with cerebral ganglion; C. tail." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.96.52484.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/425816" pageId="0" pageNumber="431">9A, C</figureCitation>
|
|
). The lateral nerve branches communicate with the marginal or lateral nerve cords, which are only weakly developed (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation id="30D9EED5453F48D74B4293401E2D9CAA" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. Dugesia umbonata, AChE nervous system structure, ventral view. A. entire animal; B. anterior end with cerebral ganglion; C. tail." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.96.52484.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/425816" pageId="0" pageNumber="431">9</figureCitation>
|
|
).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<caption id="ECEEB17010E661423166DCF462296E18" doi="10.3897/zse.96.52484.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/425816" pageId="0" pageNumber="431" start="Figure 9" startId="F9">
|
|
<paragraph id="43A2BFCFF15EDACA0DF7BEB782EB9554" pageId="0" pageNumber="431">
|
|
<emphasis id="35F761A0F189FBB9F9187E09A961354C" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="431">Figure 9.</emphasis>
|
|
<taxonomicName id="DB14694BF0256DE58B729987F4C2DAEB" authorityName="Song & Wang" authorityYear="2020" family="Dugesiidae" genus="Dugesia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dugesia umbonata" order="Tricladida" pageId="0" pageNumber="431" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="umbonata">
|
|
<emphasis id="5F689B4690CB1E25A85A8728E770C592" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="431">Dugesia umbonata</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
, AChE nervous system structure, ventral view.
|
|
<emphasis id="30CC2E775CF75648CED0CA2106408ECB" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="431">A.</emphasis>
|
|
entire animal;
|
|
<emphasis id="FB799BF9FEFFCE757D3F7EEC226074F0" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="431">B.</emphasis>
|
|
anterior end with cerebral ganglion;
|
|
<emphasis id="8ADE8CD27A0CBA3942E7F302396B6C16" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="431">C.</emphasis>
|
|
tail.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</caption>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
</treatment>
|
|
</document> |