165 lines
16 KiB
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165 lines
16 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6870843" ID-ISBN="978-84-16728-08-4" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6870843" approvalRequired="304" approvalRequired_for_illustrations="45" approvalRequired_for_matCits="75" approvalRequired_for_taxonomicNames="40" approvalRequired_for_textStreams="75" approvalRequired_for_treatments="69" checkinTime="1658335596803" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Russell A. Mittermeier & Don E. Wilson" docDate="2018" docId="3D474A54A0558739FA2EAA5D149CF689" docLanguage="en" docName="hbmw_8_Soricidae_0332.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 8 Insectivores, Sloths and Colugos, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions" docTitle="Crocidura fuscomurina" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="522" masterDocId="C17E322CA0288744FF8DAB47125EFFF9" masterDocTitle="Soricidae" masterLastPageNumber="551" masterPageNumber="332" pageNumber="522" updateTime="1658350298165" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Soricidae</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Russell A. Mittermeier</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Don E. Wilson</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:originInfo>
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<mods:dateIssued>2018</mods:dateIssued>
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<mods:dateOther type="pubDate">2018-07-31</mods:dateOther>
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<mods:publisher>Lynx Edicions</mods:publisher>
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<mods:place>
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<mods:placeTerm>Barcelona</mods:placeTerm>
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</mods:place>
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</mods:originInfo>
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 8 Insectivores, Sloths and Colugos</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>332</mods:start>
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<mods:end>551</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:classification>book chapter</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6870843</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ISBN">978-84-16728-08-4</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">6870843</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6870385" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6870385" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:3D474A54A0558739FA2EAA5D149CF689" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/3D474A54A0558739FA2EAA5D149CF689" lastPageNumber="522" pageId="125" pageNumber="522">
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<heading pageId="125" pageNumber="522">
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<subSubSection box="[1443,1525,282,328]" pageId="125" pageNumber="522" type="multiple">
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<paragraph blockId="125.[1440,2541,282,448]" box="[1443,1525,282,328]" pageId="125" pageNumber="522">
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<figureCitation box="[1443,1525,282,328]" captionStart="Plate 23: Soricidae" captionStartId="122.[130,160,3095,3120]" captionTargetBox="[13,2739,15,3635]" captionTargetPageId="121" captionText="346. Mduma’s White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura mdumaz), 347. Montane White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura montis), 348. Newmark’s White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura newmarki), 349. Munissi’s White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura munissi), 350. Tanzanian White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura tansaniana), 351. Usambara White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura usambarae), 352. Kivu White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura kivuana), 353. Niobe’s White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura niobe), 354. Desert White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura smith), 355. Sahelian Tiny White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura pasha), 356. Roosevelt's White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura roosevelti), 357. Long-footed White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura crenata), 358. Grasse’s White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura grasset), 359. Bicolored African White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura fuscomurina), 360. Flat-headed White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura planiceps), 361. Crosse’s White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura crosser), 362. Jouvenet’s White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura jouvenetae), 363. Mauritanian White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura lusitania), 364. Naked-tailed White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura lttoralis), 365. Gracile White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura maurisca), 366. Reddish-gray White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura cyanea), 367. Swamp White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura mariquensis), 368. Lesser Gray-brown White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura silacea), 369. Dent's White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura denti), 370. Hildegarde’s White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura hildegardeae), 371. Mamfe White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura virgata), 372. Bates’s White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura batesi), 373. Sao Tome White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura thomensis), 374. Fingui White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura fingui), 375. Fraser’s White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura poensis), 376. Nigerian White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura nigeriae), 377. Hun White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura attila), 378. Fox’s White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura foxi), 379. Bittikofer’s White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura buettikoferi), 380. Therese’s White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura theresae), 381. Large-headed White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura grandiceps), 382. Wimmer’s White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura wimmenr), 383. African Black White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura nigrofusca), 384. Savanna Dwarf White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura nanilla), 385. Nimba White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura nimbae)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6871925" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6871925/files/figure.png" pageId="125" pageNumber="522">359.</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[1536,2379,282,328]" pageId="125" pageNumber="522" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph blockId="125.[1440,2541,282,448]" box="[1536,2379,282,328]" pageId="125" pageNumber="522">
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<vernacularName box="[1536,2379,282,328]" pageId="125" pageNumber="522">Bicolored African White-toothed Shrew</vernacularName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[1446,1884,321,367]" pageId="125" pageNumber="522" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph blockId="125.[1440,2541,282,448]" box="[1446,1884,321,367]" pageId="125" pageNumber="522">
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Heuglin" baseAuthorityYear="1865" box="[1446,1884,321,367]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Crocidura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="125" pageNumber="522" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fuscomurina">
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<emphasis box="[1446,1884,321,367]" italics="true" pageId="125" pageNumber="522">Crocidura fuscomurina</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="125" pageNumber="522" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph blockId="125.[1440,2541,282,448]" box="[1441,2540,385,406]" pageId="125" pageNumber="522">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1441,1517,385,406]" pageId="125" pageNumber="522">French:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName box="[1526,1735,385,406]" pageId="125" pageNumber="522">Crocidure de Heuglin</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1757,1848,385,406]" pageId="125" pageNumber="522">German:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName box="[1856,2151,385,406]" pageId="125" pageNumber="522">Zweifarb-WeiRzahnspitzmaus</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[2172,2264,385,406]" pageId="125" pageNumber="522">Spanish:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName box="[2274,2540,385,406]" pageId="125" pageNumber="522">Musarana de Africa bicolor</vernacularName>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="125.[1440,2541,282,448]" box="[1441,2287,425,446]" pageId="125" pageNumber="522">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1441,1688,425,446]" pageId="125" pageNumber="522">Other common names:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName box="[1698,1925,425,446]" pageId="125" pageNumber="522">Bicolored Musk Shrew</vernacularName>
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,
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<vernacularName box="[1939,2102,425,446]" pageId="125" pageNumber="522">Bicolored Shrew</vernacularName>
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,
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<vernacularName box="[2112,2287,425,446]" pageId="125" pageNumber="522">Tiny Musk Shrew</vernacularName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</heading>
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<paragraph blockId="125.[2052,2646,492,919]" pageId="125" pageNumber="522">
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<subSubSection pageId="125" pageNumber="522" type="reference_group">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[2052,2202,492,525]" pageId="125" pageNumber="522">Taxonomy.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName authority="Heuglin, 1865" authorityName="Heuglin" authorityYear="1865" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Sorex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="125" pageNumber="522" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="fusco" subSpecies="murinus">Sorex fusco murinus Heuglin, 1865</taxonomicName>
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,
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[2133,2642,535,564]" pageId="125" pageNumber="522" type="materials_examined">
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<materialsCitation box="[2133,2642,535,564]" country="Sudan" location="Meshra-el-Req" pageId="125" pageNumber="522" specimenCount="1">
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<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:3D474A54A0558739FA2EAA5D149CF689:B031AD99A0558739F7D8A9501B48FDCD" box="[2133,2326,535,564]" country="Sudan" name="Meshra-el-Req" pageId="125" pageNumber="522">Meshra-el-Req</location>
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,
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<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:3D474A54A0558739FA2EAA5D149CF689:B031AD99A0558739F6AEA9501BB6FDCD" box="[2339,2536,535,564]" country="Sudan" name="Bahr-el-Ghazal" pageId="125" pageNumber="522">Bahr-el-Ghazal</location>
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,
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<collectingCountry box="[2551,2638,535,564]" name="Sudan" pageId="125" pageNumber="522">Sudan</collectingCountry>
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.
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</materialsCitation>
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</subSubSection>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection pageId="125" pageNumber="522" type="discussion">
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<paragraph blockId="125.[2052,2646,492,919]" pageId="125" pageNumber="522">
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Heuglin" baseAuthorityYear="1865" box="[2056,2378,575,604]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Crocidura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="125" pageNumber="522" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fuscomurina">Crocidura fuscomurina</taxonomicName>
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was previously known under the binomial C. bicolor, al- though it is now known as
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Heuglin" baseAuthorityYear="1865" box="[2448,2646,650,683]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Crocidura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="125" pageNumber="522" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fuscomurina">C. fuscomurina</taxonomicName>
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because it is the older name with priority. There is a strong possibility that it represents a cryptic species complex, although additional genetic and morphological research is needed. Monotypic.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="125" pageNumber="522" type="distribution">
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<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6871707" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6871707" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6871707/files/figure.png" inLine="true" pageId="125" pageNumber="522" targetBox="[1437,2028,499,913]" targetPageId="125">
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<paragraph blockId="125.[2052,2646,492,919]" lastBlockId="125.[1437,2644,933,2416]" pageId="125" pageNumber="522">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[2052,2228,886,919]" pageId="125" pageNumber="522">Distribution.</emphasis>
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Throughout sub-Saharan Africa from Senegal E to W Ethiopia and S to S Angola, N Namibia, and NE South Africa, avoiding densely forested regions in West and Central Africa.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="125" pageNumber="522" type="description">
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<paragraph blockId="125.[1437,2644,933,2416]" pageId="125" pageNumber="522">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1440,1691,1004,1037]" pageId="125" pageNumber="522">Descriptive notes.</emphasis>
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Head-body 48-75 mm, tail 27-5-48 mm, ear 6-5-9 mm, hindfoot 8-11 mm; weight 2-5 g. The Bicolored African White-toothed Shrew is very small to small. Western populations are paler and larger than eastern populations. Dorsal pelage 1s grayish brown, with slate gray-based and brownor buffy brown-tipped hairs, with fawn subterminal band. Ventral pelage is silvery gray, occasionally with yellow tinge, with slate gray-based and whiteor off white-tipped hairs; venter is sharply demarcated from dorsum. Feet are pale brown to off white. Tail is ¢.65% of head-body length, hairy, covered with longer bristle hairs, and sharply bicolored, being pale to dark brown above and paler below. There are three unicuspids. Chromosomal complement has 2n = 56 and FN = 86 in Burundi.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="125" pageNumber="522" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph blockId="125.[1437,2644,933,2416]" pageId="125" pageNumber="522">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1439,1550,1397,1430]" pageId="125" pageNumber="522">Habitat.</emphasis>
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Woodland savannas and semiarid regions such as grasslands, woodlands, Kalahari sand, and riverine scrub habitats. Bicolored African White-toothed Shrews have been recorded in termite mounds, fallen logs, and marshy areas and are occasionally found around gardens, houses, and agricultural fields. They can tolerate fairly substantial habitat alteration and are considered somewhat of a habitat generalist, although they avoid densely forested regions.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="125" pageNumber="522" type="food_feeding">
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<paragraph blockId="125.[1437,2644,933,2416]" pageId="125" pageNumber="522">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1439,1700,1633,1666]" pageId="125" pageNumber="522">Food and Feeding.</emphasis>
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Bicolored African White-toothed Shrews mainly eat insects such as moths, grasshoppers, mantises, dragonflies, and crickets, based on captive individuals that preferred moths. In one study, they preferred more chilopods, spiders, beetles, and crickets/grasshoppers.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="125" pageNumber="522" type="breeding">
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<paragraph blockId="125.[1437,2644,933,2416]" pageId="125" pageNumber="522">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1439,1573,1791,1824]" pageId="125" pageNumber="522">Breeding.</emphasis>
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Reproductive activity of the Bicolored African White-toothed Shrew occurs in the wet season (November—April). Litters have 2-5 young (mean 3-4), and young weigh 0-25—1 g at birth. They are born naked but are fully furred after a week. Eyes open after c.12 days, and behavioral traits develop quickly. Observations have shown that they actively explore by 17 days old and eatsolid food at c¢.14-19 days old. Caravanning has been observed from six days after birth to just before weaning. In the Kruger National Park, individuals were observed “back riding” instead of caravanning.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[1437,2458,2067,2100]" pageId="125" pageNumber="522" type="activity">
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<paragraph blockId="125.[1437,2644,933,2416]" box="[1437,2458,2067,2100]" pageId="125" pageNumber="522">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1437,1672,2067,2100]" pageId="125" pageNumber="522">Activity patterns.</emphasis>
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Bicolored African White-toothed Shrews are nocturnal.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="125" pageNumber="522" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph blockId="125.[1437,2644,933,2416]" pageId="125" pageNumber="522">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1438,2157,2106,2139]" pageId="125" pageNumber="522">Movements, Home range and Social organization.</emphasis>
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Bicolored African White-toothed Shrews are probably solitary, except for females with young.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="125" pageNumber="522" type="conservation">
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<paragraph blockId="125.[1437,2644,933,2416]" pageId="125" pageNumber="522">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1439,1794,2185,2218]" pageId="125" pageNumber="522">Status and Conservation.</emphasis>
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Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN Red List. The Bicolored African White-toothed Shrew is widespread, although rarely captured, and faces no major threats.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="125" pageNumber="522" type="bibRefCitation_list">
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<paragraph blockId="125.[1437,2644,933,2416]" pageId="125" pageNumber="522">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1439,1592,2312,2337]" pageId="125" pageNumber="522">Bibliography.</emphasis>
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Dickman (1995), Dippenaar & Baxter (2013b), Grubb et al. (1998), Happold (1987), Heim de Balsac & Meester (1977), Hurst et al. (2014), Hutterer (1983b, 2005b), Hutterer & Happold (1983), Oguge et al. (2004), Yalden et al. (1996).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |