treatments-xml/data/3D/47/4A/3D474A54A02C8740FFF6AA5C1163F3A1.xml
2024-06-21 12:34:09 +02:00

184 lines
20 KiB
XML
Raw Blame History

This file contains ambiguous Unicode characters

This file contains Unicode characters that might be confused with other characters. If you think that this is intentional, you can safely ignore this warning. Use the Escape button to reveal them.

<document ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6870843" ID-ISBN="978-84-16728-08-4" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6870843" approvalRequired="304" approvalRequired_for_illustrations="45" approvalRequired_for_matCits="75" approvalRequired_for_taxonomicNames="40" approvalRequired_for_textStreams="75" approvalRequired_for_treatments="69" checkinTime="1658335596803" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Russell A. Mittermeier &amp; Don E. Wilson" docDate="2018" docId="3D474A54A02C8740FFF6AA5C1163F3A1" docLanguage="en" docName="hbmw_8_Soricidae_0332.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Handbook of the Mammals of the World Volume 8 Insectivores, Sloths and Colugos, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions" docTitle="Sorex roboratus Hollister 1913" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="397" masterDocId="C17E322CA0288744FF8DAB47125EFFF9" masterDocTitle="Soricidae" masterLastPageNumber="551" masterPageNumber="332" pageNumber="397" updateTime="1658350298165" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Soricidae</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Russell A. Mittermeier</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Don E. Wilson</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
<mods:originInfo>
<mods:dateIssued>2018</mods:dateIssued>
<mods:dateOther type="pubDate">2018-07-31</mods:dateOther>
<mods:publisher>Lynx Edicions</mods:publisher>
<mods:place>
<mods:placeTerm>Barcelona</mods:placeTerm>
</mods:place>
</mods:originInfo>
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Handbook of the Mammals of the World Volume 8 Insectivores, Sloths and Colugos</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>332</mods:start>
<mods:end>551</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:classification>book chapter</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6870843</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ISBN">978-84-16728-08-4</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">6870843</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6869581" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6869581" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:3D474A54A02C8740FFF6AA5C1163F3A1" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/3D474A54A02C8740FFF6AA5C1163F3A1" lastPageNumber="397" pageId="4" pageNumber="397">
<heading pageId="4" pageNumber="397">
<subSubSection box="[123,154,283,325]" pageId="4" pageNumber="397" type="multiple">
<paragraph blockId="4.[121,1213,283,368]" box="[123,154,283,325]" pageId="4" pageNumber="397">
<figureCitation box="[123,154,283,325]" captionStart="Plate 15: Soricidae" captionStartId="2.[139,168,3219,3244]" captionTargetBox="[12,2756,14,3635]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="0. Raddes Shrew (Sorex raddei), 1. Alpine Shrew (Sorex alpinus), 2. Ussuri Shrew (Sorex mwrabilis), 3. Chinese Highland Shrew (Sorex excelsus), 4. Greater Striped Shrew (Sorex cylindricauda), 5. Lesser Striped Shrew (Sorex bedfordiae), 7. Flat-skulled Shrew (Sorex roboratus), 8. Eurasian Least Shrew (Sorex munutissimus), 9. Azumi Shrew (Sorex hosonoi), 10. Slender Shrew (Sorex gracillimus), 11. Laxmanns Shrew (Sorex caecutiens), 12. Shinto Shrew (Sorex shinto), 13. Taiga Shrew (Sorex isodon), 14. Long-clawed Shrew (Sorex unguiculatus), 15. Chinese Shrew (Sorex sinalis), 16. Common Shrew (Sorex araneus), 17. Iberian Shrew (Sorex granarius), 18. Valais Shrew (Sorex antinorn), 19. Crowned Shrew (Sorex coronatus), 20. Caucasian Shrew (Sorex satunin), 21. Siberian Large-toothed Shrew (Sorex daphaenodon), 22. Gansu Shrew (Sorex cansulus), 23. Tundra Shrew (Sorex tundrensis), 24. Tian Shan Shrew (Sorex asper), 25. Apennine Shrew (Sorex samniticus), 26. Arctic Shrew (Sorex arcticus), 27. Maritime Shrew (Sorex maritimensis), 28. Eurasian Pygmy Shrew (Sorex minutus), 29. Caucasian Pygmy Shrew (Sorex volnuchini), 30. Buchara Shrew (Sorex buchariensis), 31. Tibetan Shrew (Sorex thibetanus), 32. Kashmir Shrew (Sorex planiceps), 33. Trowbridges Shrew (Sorex trowbridgu), 34. Arizona Shrew (Sorex arizonae), 35. Merriams Shrew (Sorex merriami), 36. Alto Shrew (Sorex altoensis), 37. Jalisco Shrew (Sorex mediopua), 38. Saussures Shrew (Sorex saussurei), 39. San Cristobal Shrew (Sorex cristobalensis), 40. McCarthy's Shrew (Sorex mccarthyi), 41. Salvins Shrew (Sorex salvini), 42. Sclaters Shrew (Sorex sclateri), 43. Pale-toothed Shrew (Sorex stizodon)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6870999" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6870999/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="397">7.</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection box="[171,550,283,325]" pageId="4" pageNumber="397" type="vernacular_names">
<paragraph blockId="4.[121,1213,283,368]" box="[171,550,283,325]" pageId="4" pageNumber="397">
<vernacularName box="[171,550,283,325]" pageId="4" pageNumber="397">Flat-skulled Shrew</vernacularName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection box="[601,883,283,325]" pageId="4" pageNumber="397" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph blockId="4.[121,1213,283,368]" box="[601,883,283,325]" pageId="4" pageNumber="397">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Hollister" authorityYear="1913" box="[601,883,283,325]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Sorex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="4" pageNumber="397" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="roboratus">
<emphasis box="[601,883,283,325]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="397">Sorex roboratus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection box="[122,1212,342,363]" pageId="4" pageNumber="397" type="vernacular_names">
<paragraph blockId="4.[121,1213,283,368]" box="[122,1212,342,363]" pageId="4" pageNumber="397">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[122,198,342,363]" pageId="4" pageNumber="397">French:</emphasis>
<vernacularName box="[207,378,342,363]" pageId="4" pageNumber="397">Musaraigne forte</vernacularName>
/
<emphasis bold="true" box="[398,489,342,363]" pageId="4" pageNumber="397">German:</emphasis>
<vernacularName box="[499,783,342,363]" pageId="4" pageNumber="397">Flachkopf-Rotzahnspitzmaus</vernacularName>
/
<emphasis bold="true" box="[804,895,342,363]" pageId="4" pageNumber="397">Spanish:</emphasis>
<vernacularName box="[905,1212,342,363]" pageId="4" pageNumber="397">Musarana de craneo aplastado</vernacularName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</heading>
<subSubSection box="[735,1324,416,441]" pageId="4" pageNumber="397" type="reference_group">
<paragraph blockId="4.[735,1329,416,835]" box="[735,1324,416,441]" pageId="4" pageNumber="397">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[735,891,416,441]" pageId="4" pageNumber="397">Taxonomy.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authority="Hollister, 1913" authorityName="Hollister" authorityYear="1913" box="[907,1319,416,441]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Sorex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="4" pageNumber="397" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="roboratus">Sorex roboratus Hollister, 1913</taxonomicName>
,
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="4" pageNumber="397" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph blockId="4.[735,1329,416,835]" pageId="4" pageNumber="397">
<materialsCitation pageId="4" pageNumber="397">“Tapucha [Near Teletskoye Lake)], Altai Mountains, Siberia,”</materialsCitation>
Russia.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="4" pageNumber="397" type="discussion">
<paragraph blockId="4.[735,1329,416,835]" pageId="4" pageNumber="397">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Hollister" authorityYear="1913" box="[738,930,531,560]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Sorex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="4" pageNumber="397" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="roboratus">Sorex roboratus</taxonomicName>
is a relict species.
<taxonomicName authorityName="Satunin" authorityYear="1895" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Sorex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="4" pageNumber="397" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="raddei">Sorex raddei</taxonomicName>
, another relict species, is its closest relative based mtDNA. Because of their distinct placement within
<taxonomicName box="[1161,1226,644,677]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Sorex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="4" pageNumber="397" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Sorex</taxonomicName>
, both
<taxonomicName authorityName="Hollister" authorityYear="1913" box="[738,892,684,717]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Sorex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="4" pageNumber="397" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="roboratus">S. roboratus</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName authorityName="Satunin" authorityYear="1895" box="[973,1090,684,717]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Sorex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="4" pageNumber="397" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="raddei">S. raddei</taxonomicName>
are included in the
<taxonomicName authorityName="Satunin" authorityYear="1895" box="[800,920,723,756]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Sorex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="4" pageNumber="397" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="raddei">S. raddei</taxonomicName>
group here. The
<taxonomicName authorityName="Laxmann" authorityYear="1788" box="[1203,1328,723,756]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Sorex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="4" pageNumber="397" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="caecutiens">caecutiens</taxonomicName>
group is close by karyotype structure. Five subspecies recognized.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="4" pageNumber="397" type="synonymic_list">
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6870865" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6870865" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6870865/files/figure.png" inLine="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="397" targetBox="[121,712,419,832]" targetPageId="4">
<paragraph blockId="4.[123,1335,843,3160]" box="[123,523,843,876]" pageId="4" pageNumber="397">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[123,523,843,876]" pageId="4" pageNumber="397">Subspecies and Distribution.</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="4.[123,1335,843,3160]" box="[125,803,891,916]" pageId="4" pageNumber="397">
<taxonomicName authority="Hollister, 1913" authorityName="Hollister" authorityYear="1913" box="[125,509,891,916]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Sorex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="4" pageNumber="397" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="roboratus" subSpecies="roboratus">S.r.roboratusHollister,1913—Altai-Sayanregion.</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="4.[123,1335,843,3160]" box="[125,1241,921,954]" pageId="4" pageNumber="397">
<taxonomicName authority="Dukelsky, 1928" authorityName="Dukelsky" authorityYear="1928" box="[125,523,921,954]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Sorex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="4" pageNumber="397" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="roboratus" subSpecies="jakutensis">S.r.jakutensisDukelsky,1928—W&amp;CSiberiaandSYakutia(=SakhaRepublic).</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="4.[123,1335,843,3160]" box="[125,1059,965,994]" pageId="4" pageNumber="397">
<taxonomicName authority="Ognev, 1921" authorityName="Ognev" authorityYear="1921" box="[125,516,965,994]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Sorex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="4" pageNumber="397" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="roboratus" subSpecies="platycranius">S.r.platycraniusOgnev,1921—PrimorskyKrai(SRussianFarEast).</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="4.[123,1335,843,3160]" box="[125,928,1000,1033]" pageId="4" pageNumber="397">
<taxonomicName authority="Ognev, 1921" authorityName="Ognev" authorityYear="1921" box="[125,459,1000,1033]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Sorex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="4" pageNumber="397" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="roboratus" subSpecies="thomasi">S.r.thomasiOgnev,1921—TransbaikaliaandNMongolia.</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="4.[123,1335,843,3160]" box="[125,1324,1039,1072]" pageId="4" pageNumber="397">
<taxonomicName authority="G. M. Allen, 1914" authorityName="G. M. Allen" authorityYear="1914" box="[125,461,1039,1072]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Sorex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="4" pageNumber="397" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="roboratus" subSpecies="vir">S. r. vir G. M. Allen, 1914</taxonomicName>
— NE part of range (Yana, Indigirka, and Kolyma river basins).
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="4" pageNumber="397" type="description">
<paragraph blockId="4.[123,1335,843,3160]" pageId="4" pageNumber="397">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[124,380,1083,1112]" pageId="4" pageNumber="397">Descriptive notes.</emphasis>
Head-body 58-86 mm, tail 30-48 mm, hindfoot 12-15-5 mm; weight 7-15-5 g (immatures 7-10-5 g). Tail of the Flat-skulled Shrew is 40-60% of head-body length, and injuveniles,it is covered with relatively long hairs that form distinct tuft at tip. Long and rather narrow head is a key feature; braincase is substantially less elevated than in other species of
<taxonomicName box="[644,710,1236,1269]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Sorex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="4" pageNumber="397" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Sorex</taxonomicName>
. Pelage is bicolored; light gray color of belly does not extend to sides. Back varies from light brown to dark brown among different subspecies. Juveniles and overwintering individuals are only slightly different in color. Chromosomal complement has 2n = 42 and FN = 70, with 13 pairs of metacentric and submetacentric autosomes and seven pairs of acrocentric autosomes. X-chromosome is medium-sized subtelocentric, and Y-chromosome is small subtelocentric.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="4" pageNumber="397" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph blockId="4.[123,1335,843,3160]" pageId="4" pageNumber="397">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[125,236,1472,1505]" pageId="4" pageNumber="397">Habitat.</emphasis>
Various habitats in different regions. In the Altai-Sayan Mountains, the Flatskulled Shrew prefers dark coniferous forests and avoids xeromorphic and open habitats. In central Yeniseitaiga,it is uncommon in forests of Yenisei high floodplains and totally absent from watershed habitats where the Common Shrew (
<taxonomicName authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[1064,1199,1590,1623]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Sorex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="4" pageNumber="397" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="araneus">S. araneus</taxonomicName>
) is abundant. In northern Yenisei taiga and forest tundra, where the Common Shrew is absent, the Flat-skulled Shrew lives in floodplain and watershed habitats and is quite abundant but subdominant in the shrew community. In northern Yakutia, the Flat-skulled Shrew is comparatively abundant and is found even in the tundra zone. Habitats generally occupied in Yakutia are about the same as in northern Krasnoyarsk Krai; i.e. it lives in taiga watershed habitats and prefers floodplain biotopes (high and low floodplains). It should be noted that wet sedge meadows are also occupied in Yakutia and similar habitats on the Russky and Popov islands (Peter the Great Gulf, Sea ofJapan) and in the western Khentii Mountains (northern Mongolia). Anthropogenic meadows alternating with bushes are occupied in the Olekma River valley in southern Yakutia. In Primorsky Krai, Flatskulled Shrews avoid Sikhote-Alin dark coniferous—broad-leaved forests, where the Long-clawed Shrew (
<taxonomicName authorityName="Dobson" authorityYear="1890" box="[682,887,2063,2096]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Sorex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="4" pageNumber="397" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="unguiculatus">S. unguiculatus</taxonomicName>
) is abundant and occupies forest-steppe habitats; the same habitats are preferred in Primorsky Krai and avoided in southern Siberia. Choice of habitats by the Flat-skulled Shrew is diverse probably because it avoids habitats occupied by other, ecologically similar species.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="4" pageNumber="397" type="food_feeding">
<paragraph blockId="4.[123,1335,843,3160]" pageId="4" pageNumber="397">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[126,388,2220,2253]" pageId="4" pageNumber="397">Food and Feeding.</emphasis>
Diets of Flatskulled Shrews differ among different regions. Earthworms are often the main component of the diet. Their occurrence in gastric contents ranges from 60% to 95%, while the second and third most common components differ among regions. Common secondary components are bugs and spiders in the central Yenisei region, coleopterans and dipterans in central and southern Yakutia, and coleopterans on the Gydan Peninsula. Diets in the eastern Sayan Mountains and Amur Region are dominated by coleopterans, followed by caterpillars.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="4" pageNumber="397" type="breeding">
<paragraph blockId="4.[123,1335,843,3160]" pageId="4" pageNumber="397">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[127,261,2496,2529]" pageId="4" pageNumber="397">Breeding.</emphasis>
Breeding of the Flat-skulled Shrew occurs in May-September, and females produce 2-3 litters/season. Male and female young-of-the-year regularly reproduce in central Yakutia, but not female young-of-the-year in the Russian Far East. Mean number of embryos/female is 9-1 in the Kolyma River drainage area, 7-4 in the Altai Mountains, 8-2 in Amur Region, four in Primorsky Krai, and 8-1 embryos/pregnant female in northern Yenisei taiga. Only one pregnant female with eleven embryos was captured in Yenisei forest-tundra.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection box="[126,600,2772,2805]" pageId="4" pageNumber="397" type="activity">
<paragraph blockId="4.[123,1335,843,3160]" box="[126,600,2772,2805]" pageId="4" pageNumber="397">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[126,361,2772,2805]" pageId="4" pageNumber="397">Activity patterns.</emphasis>
No information.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection box="[128,1066,2811,2844]" pageId="4" pageNumber="397" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph blockId="4.[123,1335,843,3160]" box="[128,1066,2811,2844]" pageId="4" pageNumber="397">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[128,828,2811,2844]" pageId="4" pageNumber="397">Movements, Home range and Social organization.</emphasis>
No information.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="4" pageNumber="397" type="conservation">
<paragraph blockId="4.[123,1335,843,3160]" pageId="4" pageNumber="397">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[128,479,2850,2883]" pageId="4" pageNumber="397">Status and Conservation.</emphasis>
Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN Red List. The Flatskulled Shrew is on the regional Red Lists of Magadan Region and Chukotka Autonomous District. It is not abundant throughout most ofits distribution, but it is occasionally subdominant in the shrew community, as is the case in furspruce (black) taiga of Altai foothills and northern Yenisei taiga.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="4" pageNumber="397" type="bibRefCitation_list">
<paragraph blockId="4.[123,1335,843,3160]" pageId="4" pageNumber="397">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[129,282,3056,3081]" pageId="4" pageNumber="397">Bibliography.</emphasis>
Churchfield &amp; Sheftel (1994), Dokuchaev (1990), Dolgov (1985), Hoffmann &amp; Lunde (2008), Nesterenko (1999), Okhotina (1984), Revin (1989), Sheftel (1983, 2005), Volpert &amp; Shadrina (2002), Yudin (1962, 1989), Yudin et al. (1979), Zaitsev et al. (2014), Zima et al. (1998).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>