187 lines
20 KiB
XML
187 lines
20 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6870843" ID-ISBN="978-84-16728-08-4" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6870843" approvalRequired="304" approvalRequired_for_illustrations="45" approvalRequired_for_matCits="75" approvalRequired_for_taxonomicNames="40" approvalRequired_for_textStreams="75" approvalRequired_for_treatments="69" checkinTime="1658335596803" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Russell A. Mittermeier & Don E. Wilson" docDate="2018" docId="3D474A54A023874FFF16AC9B1406F8DB" docLanguage="en" docName="hbmw_8_Soricidae_0332.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 8 Insectivores, Sloths and Colugos, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions" docTitle="Sorex minutus Linnaeus 1766" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="404" masterDocId="C17E322CA0288744FF8DAB47125EFFF9" masterDocTitle="Soricidae" masterLastPageNumber="551" masterPageNumber="332" pageNumber="404" updateTime="1658350298165" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Soricidae</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Russell A. Mittermeier</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Don E. Wilson</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:originInfo>
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<mods:dateIssued>2018</mods:dateIssued>
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<mods:dateOther type="pubDate">2018-07-31</mods:dateOther>
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<mods:publisher>Lynx Edicions</mods:publisher>
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<mods:place>
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<mods:placeTerm>Barcelona</mods:placeTerm>
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</mods:place>
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</mods:originInfo>
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 8 Insectivores, Sloths and Colugos</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>332</mods:start>
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<mods:end>551</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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<mods:classification>book chapter</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6870843</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ISBN">978-84-16728-08-4</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">6870843</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6869634" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6869634" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:3D474A54A023874FFF16AC9B1406F8DB" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/3D474A54A023874FFF16AC9B1406F8DB" lastPageNumber="404" pageId="11" pageNumber="404">
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<heading pageId="11" pageNumber="404">
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<subSubSection box="[155,212,2012,2062]" pageId="11" pageNumber="404" type="multiple">
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<paragraph blockId="11.[152,1127,2012,2142]" box="[155,212,2012,2062]" pageId="11" pageNumber="404">
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<figureCitation box="[155,212,2012,2062]" captionStart="Plate 15: Soricidae" captionStartId="2.[139,168,3219,3244]" captionTargetBox="[12,2756,14,3635]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="0. Radde’s Shrew (Sorex raddei), 1. Alpine Shrew (Sorex alpinus), 2. Ussuri Shrew (Sorex mwrabilis), 3. Chinese Highland Shrew (Sorex excelsus), 4. Greater Striped Shrew (Sorex cylindricauda), 5. Lesser Striped Shrew (Sorex bedfordiae), 7. Flat-skulled Shrew (Sorex roboratus), 8. Eurasian Least Shrew (Sorex munutissimus), 9. Azumi Shrew (Sorex hosonoi), 10. Slender Shrew (Sorex gracillimus), 11. Laxmann’s Shrew (Sorex caecutiens), 12. Shinto Shrew (Sorex shinto), 13. Taiga Shrew (Sorex isodon), 14. Long-clawed Shrew (Sorex unguiculatus), 15. Chinese Shrew (Sorex sinalis), 16. Common Shrew (Sorex araneus), 17. Iberian Shrew (Sorex granarius), 18. Valais Shrew (Sorex antinorn), 19. Crowned Shrew (Sorex coronatus), 20. Caucasian Shrew (Sorex satunin), 21. Siberian Large-toothed Shrew (Sorex daphaenodon), 22. Gansu Shrew (Sorex cansulus), 23. Tundra Shrew (Sorex tundrensis), 24. Tian Shan Shrew (Sorex asper), 25. Apennine Shrew (Sorex samniticus), 26. Arctic Shrew (Sorex arcticus), 27. Maritime Shrew (Sorex maritimensis), 28. Eurasian Pygmy Shrew (Sorex minutus), 29. Caucasian Pygmy Shrew (Sorex volnuchini), 30. Buchara Shrew (Sorex buchariensis), 31. Tibetan Shrew (Sorex thibetanus), 32. Kashmir Shrew (Sorex planiceps), 33. Trowbridge’s Shrew (Sorex trowbridgu), 34. Arizona Shrew (Sorex arizonae), 35. Merriam’s Shrew (Sorex merriami), 36. Alto Shrew (Sorex altoensis), 37. Jalisco Shrew (Sorex mediopua), 38. Saussure’s Shrew (Sorex saussurei), 39. San Cristobal Shrew (Sorex cristobalensis), 40. McCarthy's Shrew (Sorex mccarthyi), 41. Salvin’s Shrew (Sorex salvini), 42. Sclater’s Shrew (Sorex sclateri), 43. Pale-toothed Shrew (Sorex stizodon)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6870999" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6870999/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="404">28.</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[229,701,2012,2062]" pageId="11" pageNumber="404" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph blockId="11.[152,1127,2012,2142]" box="[229,701,2012,2062]" pageId="11" pageNumber="404">
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<vernacularName box="[229,701,2012,2062]" pageId="11" pageNumber="404">Eurasian Pygmy Shrew</vernacularName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[752,1020,2012,2062]" pageId="11" pageNumber="404" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph blockId="11.[152,1127,2012,2142]" box="[752,1020,2012,2062]" pageId="11" pageNumber="404">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1766" box="[752,1020,2012,2062]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Sorex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="11" pageNumber="404" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="minutus">
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<emphasis box="[752,1020,2012,2062]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="404">Sorex minutus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="11" pageNumber="404" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph blockId="11.[152,1127,2012,2142]" box="[154,1126,2079,2100]" pageId="11" pageNumber="404">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[154,230,2079,2100]" pageId="11" pageNumber="404">French:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName box="[240,443,2079,2100]" pageId="11" pageNumber="404">Musaraigne pygmée</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[464,555,2079,2100]" pageId="11" pageNumber="404">German:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName box="[563,728,2079,2100]" pageId="11" pageNumber="404">Zwergspitzmaus</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[749,840,2079,2100]" pageId="11" pageNumber="404">Spanish:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName box="[851,1126,2079,2100]" pageId="11" pageNumber="404">Musarana enana de Eurasia</vernacularName>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="11.[152,1127,2012,2142]" box="[154,548,2118,2139]" pageId="11" pageNumber="404">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[154,401,2118,2139]" pageId="11" pageNumber="404">Other common names:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName box="[411,548,2118,2139]" pageId="11" pageNumber="404">Pygmy Shrew</vernacularName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</heading>
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<subSubSection box="[767,1355,2194,2219]" pageId="11" pageNumber="404" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph blockId="11.[767,1359,2194,2612]" box="[767,1355,2194,2219]" pageId="11" pageNumber="404">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[767,922,2194,2219]" pageId="11" pageNumber="404">Taxonomy.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName authority="Linnaeus, 1766" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1766" box="[938,1351,2194,2219]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Sorex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="11" pageNumber="404" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="minutus">Sorex minutus Linnaeus, 1766</taxonomicName>
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,
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="11" pageNumber="404" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph blockId="11.[767,1359,2194,2612]" pageId="11" pageNumber="404">
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<materialsCitation country="Russia" location="Krasnoyarsk" pageId="11" pageNumber="404" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Siberia">
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“Sibiria.” Restricted by I. Ya. Pavlinov and O. L. Rossolimo in 1987 to
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<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:3D474A54A023874FFF16AC9B1406F8DB:B031AD99A023874FFB11A39F1719F700" box="[1180,1351,2264,2297]" country="Russia" name="Krasnoyarsk" pageId="11" pageNumber="404" stateProvince="Siberia">Krasnoyarsk</location>
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,
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<collectingRegion box="[767,865,2312,2337]" pageId="11" pageNumber="404">Siberia</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectingCountry box="[882,971,2312,2337]" name="Russia" pageId="11" pageNumber="404">Russia</collectingCountry>
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.
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="11" pageNumber="404" type="discussion">
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<paragraph blockId="11.[767,1359,2194,2612]" pageId="11" pageNumber="404">
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Evidence from mtDNA and nDNA sequencesclassifies S.
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1766" box="[1050,1156,2383,2416]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Sorex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="11" pageNumber="404" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="minutus">minutus</taxonomicName>
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in the
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1766" box="[1253,1359,2383,2416]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Sorex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="11" pageNumber="404" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="minutus">minutus</taxonomicName>
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group. Six subspecies recognized.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="11" pageNumber="404" type="synonymic_list">
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<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6870915" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6870915" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6870915/files/figure.png" inLine="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="404" targetBox="[151,743,2193,2606]" targetPageId="11">
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<paragraph blockId="11.[767,1359,2194,2612]" box="[767,1167,2461,2494]" pageId="11" pageNumber="404">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[767,1167,2461,2494]" pageId="11" pageNumber="404">Subspecies and Distribution.</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="11.[767,1359,2194,2612]" lastBlockId="11.[150,1358,2617,3477]" pageId="11" pageNumber="404">
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<taxonomicName authority="Linnaeus, 1766" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1766" box="[768,1185,2505,2534]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Sorex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="11" pageNumber="404" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="minutus" subSpecies="minutus">S.m.minutusLinnaeus,1766—fromIrelandandtheBritishIsEthroughmostofEuropeandSiberiatoSWYakutia(=SakhaRepublic).</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="11.[150,1358,2617,3477]" box="[154,616,2665,2690]" pageId="11" pageNumber="404">
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<taxonomicName authority="Lehmann, 1963" authorityName="Lehmann" authorityYear="1963" box="[154,515,2665,2690]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Sorex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="11" pageNumber="404" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="minutus" subSpecies="becki">S.m.beckiLehmann,1963—Alps.</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="11.[150,1358,2617,3477]" box="[154,793,2696,2729]" pageId="11" pageNumber="404">
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<taxonomicName authority="Rey, 1971" authorityName="Rey" authorityYear="1971" box="[154,501,2696,2729]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Sorex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="11" pageNumber="404" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="minutus" subSpecies="carpetanus">S.m.carpetanusRey,1971—IberianPeninsula.</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="11.[150,1358,2617,3477]" box="[154,1010,2735,2768]" pageId="11" pageNumber="404">
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<taxonomicName authority="Chaworth-Musters, 1932" authorityName="Chaworth-Musters" authorityYear="1932" box="[154,701,2735,2768]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Sorex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="11" pageNumber="404" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="minutus" subSpecies="gymnurus">S.m.gymnurusChaworth-Musters,1932—SBalkanPeninsula.</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="11.[150,1358,2617,3477]" box="[154,1353,2775,2808]" pageId="11" pageNumber="404">
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<taxonomicName authority="Stroganov, 1956" authorityName="Stroganov" authorityYear="1956" box="[154,623,2775,2808]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Sorex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="11" pageNumber="404" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="minutus" subSpecies="heptapotamicus">S.m.heptapotamicusStroganov,1956—ETianShan,KalbinskyAltai,andDzungarianAlatau.</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="11.[150,1358,2617,3477]" box="[153,861,2823,2848]" pageId="11" pageNumber="404">
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<taxonomicName authority="G. S. Miller, 1909" authorityName="G. S. Miller" authorityYear="1909" box="[153,584,2823,2848]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Sorex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="11" pageNumber="404" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="minutus" subSpecies="lucanius">S. m. lucanius G. S. Miller, 1909</taxonomicName>
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— Italian Peninsula.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="11" pageNumber="404" type="description">
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<paragraph blockId="11.[150,1358,2617,3477]" pageId="11" pageNumber="404">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[152,402,2854,2887]" pageId="11" pageNumber="404">Descriptive notes.</emphasis>
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Head—body 40-64 mm,tail 33-45 mm, hindfoot 9-12 mm; weight 2-6-7 g. Tail of the Eurasian Pygmy Shrew is 70-75% of head-body length; tails of most subspecies are noticeably narrowed at bases and covered with long hairs that lie tight against skin and form distincttufts at tips. Pelage is bicolored. In juveniles, back is brownish gray, and belly is light gray. Dark back color often extends far onto sides; border between back and belly is not sharp. In adults, brown to dark brown pelage of back is more intense. Belly of adults is darker than in juveniles, sometimes with pale yellowish tint. Tail is sharply bicolored. Chromosomal complement has 2n = 42 and FN = 56, with seven pairs of metacentric and 13 pairs of acrocentric autosomes. Xchromosome is large acrocentric, and Y-chromosomeis small acrocentric. Populations with other chromosome numbers are found on Baltic islands: e.g. n = 40 on Oland and n = 36 on Gotland.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="11" pageNumber="404" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph blockId="11.[150,1358,2617,3477]" pageId="11" pageNumber="404">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,261,3327,3360]" pageId="11" pageNumber="404">Habitat.</emphasis>
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Forest-tundra, taiga, broad-leaved forests, forest-steppe, and steppe. The Eurasian Pygmy Shrew might also occur in grassy bogs, wet meadows, deciduous forests, dry pine stands, desolated waste grounds with sagebrush, and even sandy dunes. Coniferous forests with moss-covered floors and moss bogs are avoided.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="11" pageNumber="404" type="food_feeding">
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<paragraph blockId="11.[1429,2639,296,1826]" pageId="11" pageNumber="404">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1433,1695,296,329]" pageId="11" pageNumber="404">Food and Feeding.</emphasis>
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Food items of Eurasian Pygmy Shrews are collected on the ground and are very similar in geographically distant regions. For example, spiders and adult beetles are the most common components of gastric contents of Eurasian Pygmy Shrews in southern England, central Siberia, and all other regions; third most common components are woodlice in England and myriapods in Siberia. Similar data were obtained in Karelia, with the only difference that myriapods were a minor component of the diet. Proportion of acridoids in the diet is higher in open habitats. In Trans-Ili Alatau (Tian Shan), larval fungus gnats (Sciaroidea) and mushrooms are often found in gastric contents in periods of intense eruption of mushrooms; spruce seeds dramatically increase up to 36% of gastric contents in winter. Earthworms and dipteran larvae are absent in diets of Eurasian Pygmy Shrews.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="11" pageNumber="404" type="breeding">
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<paragraph blockId="11.[1429,2639,296,1826]" pageId="11" pageNumber="404">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1432,1567,729,762]" pageId="11" pageNumber="404">Breeding.</emphasis>
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Pregnancy of the Eurasian Pygmy Shrew lasts ¢.25 days. Number of embryos/female is 1-9 (average 5-6). Productivity is higher in northern regions of the distribution, but reliable data from these regions are scarce.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="11" pageNumber="404" type="activity">
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<paragraph blockId="11.[1429,2639,296,1826]" pageId="11" pageNumber="404">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1430,1665,847,880]" pageId="11" pageNumber="404">Activity patterns.</emphasis>
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Eurasian Pygmy Shrews have two daily activity peaks in England: one during evening twilight and the other after sunrise. Morning peak is higher than the evening peak. An opposite pattern is observed for the Common Shrew (
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[2484,2622,926,959]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Sorex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="11" pageNumber="404" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="araneus">S. araneus</taxonomicName>
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) coexisting with the Eurasian Pygmy Shrew. In Poland, activity is the highest in daytime in spring and prior to and after sunset in winter.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="11" pageNumber="404" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph blockId="11.[1429,2639,296,1826]" pageId="11" pageNumber="404">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1431,2139,1044,1077]" pageId="11" pageNumber="404">Movements, Home range and Social organization.</emphasis>
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The Eurasian Pygmy Shrew is solitary. There is almost no overlap between core areas of home ranges of different individuals. In Holland, home ranges were 900-1850 m? in winter and 530-800 m? in summer. Home ranges of small-sized Eurasian Pygmy Shrews are almost twice as large as those of larger Common Shrews. Life span of the Eurasian Pygmy Shrew does not exceed 15 months because individuals cannotlive through a second winter.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="11" pageNumber="404" type="conservation">
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<paragraph blockId="11.[1429,2639,296,1826]" pageId="11" pageNumber="404">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1431,1780,1281,1314]" pageId="11" pageNumber="404">Status and Conservation.</emphasis>
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Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN Red List. The Eurasian Pygmy Shrew is common in most of its distribution but is rarely dominant. Its dominance is sometimes observed after a depression of the multispecies shrew community, possibly because the Eurasian Pygmy Shrew reproduces faster than dominant species. As a result, long-term population dynamics of the Eurasian Pygmy Shrew are sometimes in antiphase to that of the Common Shrew when they are sympatric. Highest abundance of the Eurasian Pygmy Shrew occurs in the European part of its distribution, especially in Ireland and certain Baltic islands where it is the only species of
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<taxonomicName box="[1432,1498,1597,1630]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Sorex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="11" pageNumber="404" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Sorex</taxonomicName>
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. Abundance is decreasing in eastern parts of the distribution, and the Eurasian Pygmy Shrew is on the Local Red List in Yakutia.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="11" pageNumber="404" type="bibRefCitation_list">
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<paragraph blockId="11.[1429,2639,296,1826]" pageId="11" pageNumber="404">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1431,1584,1684,1709]" pageId="11" pageNumber="404">Bibliography.</emphasis>
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Bekenov et al. (1985), Buchalczyk (1972), Churchfield (1990), Churchfield & Sheftel (1994), Crowcroft (1957), Fredga et al. (1995), Hutterer (1990), Ivanter & Makarov (2001), Mascheretti et al. (2003), Michielsen (1966), Moskvitina (1973), Pavlinov & Rossolimo (1987), Sheftel (1989), Yanushevich et al. (1972), Zima et al. (1998).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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||
</document> |