354 lines
57 KiB
XML
354 lines
57 KiB
XML
<document id="98E1EDFC1951CB29EA0B7DF7CC2EA098" ENCODING="UTF-8" ID-GBIF-Dataset="d1e54c6d-fa69-482f-b147-3a644e82e682" ModsDocAuthor="Pusch, K." ModsDocID="21307" checkinTime="1244213330845" checkinUser="thomas" docAuthor="Schulz, A., Heinze, J. & Pusch, K." docDate="2007" docId="63FD4921357F1C8EC767244A315C1F0E" docLanguage="en" docName="21307_gg2.xml" docOrigin="Zootaxa 1471" docSource="http://www.antbase.org/ants/publications/21073/21073.pdf" docTitle="Temnothorax alienus Schulz, Heinze & Pusch, 2007, nov. spec." docType="treatment" docVersion="12" lastPageNumber="12" masterDocId="5FCF25B0A96E33D4D488A036A5BB2C67" masterDocTitle="Description of two new Temnothorax species (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) from Italy." masterLastPageNumber="14" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="3" updateTime="1701311492101" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:mods id="28EAF6DB3B28AF661C33C274A4951385" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="E512BDEE8E747C37F32E9B8091365EED">
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<mods:title id="224646E286A635206A15334BA15B8C35">Description of two new Temnothorax species (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) from Italy.</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="F0FF2CFC7E52F2E502567449B5D96949" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="E6255AEB88A569306A77DA6B6469383E">
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<mods:roleTerm id="E1731A3666A666DABC9548C126DAE243">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="D7CEA4CDB90127681027ECC979171409">Schulz, A.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="444A6A881D60C5A43ADD73C6430C772C" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="C6C5EBA20496805A84A239CFADD17141">
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<mods:roleTerm id="A34E6072B51ECBA0C329A5774DCB6E9C">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="49CE65F61BAC5A45C97A96485D92C3F9">Heinze, J.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="C99A8DEFC1D564325869A76E9FCB9F82" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="18EF00A681126FE3C5010B39605256F5">
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<mods:roleTerm id="647D55944E9ACE555A2CEF76F7559DD7">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="2F796781CAD8C9F8133CADAA234DD3FD">Pusch, K.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="E8E72FE415884281AD1685B488E3A9D7">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem id="BF10A48CC5A810C53418446CAA35CD44" type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo id="E65229D7CAD616DE2515033CB11D2ED9">
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<mods:title id="3CBE6B0A6BCD5248EFE120CA7A43B4EA">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="303851908C099ECD2A5EAE296944DEB7">
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<mods:date id="11076328E0D81A4E0AFFCF37B02DEF8D">2007</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="87080650C44C42CFD228F818DEFBB6C7" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="B3FD0B6EE2E8F95FA1F484E8C205EEEC">1471</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent id="A99C609516EC8DAFE431E425D06C7B6C" unit="page">
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<mods:start id="3E5E04D4629CD778C6A86F65ADF481A5">1</mods:start>
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<mods:end id="F839277220F62C0C860419548DE4773D">14</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location id="B8B4DE96329FAF9F37E94B1296DFC4FE">
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<mods:url id="1211081B23011B378504A671C1C18AB6">http://www.antbase.org/ants/publications/21073/21073.pdf</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification id="B176B6B8FFE691464C3BE5A40FF065CB">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="164A049FE40F845D7838BC635FCBD98B" type="HNS-Pub">21307</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="E335443F0382048268ED719197FC1D63" type="ZooBank">64EDC170-4FA3-443E-9100-E3A77FC1EDB5</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment id="63FD4921357F1C8EC767244A315C1F0E" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6243350" ID-GBIF-Taxon="125136445" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6243350" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:63FD4921357F1C8EC767244A315C1F0E" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/63FD4921357F1C8EC767244A315C1F0E" lastPageNumber="12" pageNumber="3">
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<subSubSection id="F9F2BE15B6C2CE474F890B1701FA21D9" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="64F4B36CA1EB7494F4489F90A70D73D3" pageNumber="3">
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<taxonomicName id="53427F52038D5FDA35ADD6C7F6F7B647" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:223426" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Temnothorax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Temnothorax alienus Schulz, Heinze & Pusch" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alienus">Temnothorax alienus</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="B043E969A5CBAFE8E295EFEBCBDC1388" rank="species">nov. spec.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="20F26152CE65BF88F165BC6F5123F44C" pageNumber="3">(Figs. 2, 3, 22, 26, 28, 29)</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="B1282ABCD7ECD9DB42358A3DEC96F33E" pageNumber="3">
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<materialsCitation id="B2D4E7F3B713326C6B4C38E8F42A27DE" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1416639157" collectingDate="2004-04-28" collectionCode="SMNK" collectorName="K. Pusch, C. Wanke, J. Beibl, P. D'Ettorre" country="ITALY" latitude="39.96465" location="near Tortora, N. Sapri, Parco Nazionale del Cilento, 633 m.a.s.l." longitude="15.813483" stateProvince="Campania" typeStatus="Holotype">
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<typeStatus id="100F2BFABD275914F10F42E2A16721A3">Holotype</typeStatus>
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worker.
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<collectingCountry id="9118FD1F28AAA29B8A4DC3BAF3772C5B">ITALY</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingRegion id="D735711D55163F1E51EFC45C70DAB6D8">Campania</collectingRegion>
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,
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<location id="0D73CBBB9AC2F739070A5650F9B8F4DA" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:63FD4921357F1C8EC767244A315C1F0E:0D73CBBB9AC2F739070A5650F9B8F4DA" country="ITALY" latitude="39.96465" longitude="15.813483" name="near Tortora, N. Sapri, Parco Nazionale del Cilento" stateProvince="Campania">near Tortora, N. Sapri, Parco Nazionale del Cilento</location>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="904EC8F52FE3C8F8BC6147081BDE1540" direction="north" orientation="latitude" value="39.96465">39°57.879'N</geoCoordinate>
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<geoCoordinate id="0D3DFB9F9BC1DD8798377426995CA57E" direction="east" orientation="longitude" value="15.813483">15°48.809'E</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<location id="DB20699A8D0190AC859A09D012C5FB53" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:63FD4921357F1C8EC767244A315C1F0E:DB20699A8D0190AC859A09D012C5FB53" country="ITALY" latitude="39.96465" longitude="15.813483" name="633 m. a. s. l." stateProvince="Campania">633 m.a.s.l.</location>
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,
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<date id="8C94CE81241A82FBF80034010618BDC8" day="28" month="04" value="2004-04-28" year="2004">
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<collectingDate id="FD2A2DE002F0EFDE22560BDF9348E670" day="28" month="04" value="2004-04-28" year="2004">28.iv.2004</collectingDate>
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</date>
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(Leg.
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<collectorName id="5A809DECB28DC04D4269CA1BB76AD3EB">K. Pusch, C. Wanke, J. Beibl, P. D'Ettorre</collectorName>
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) [
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<collectionCode id="EA4573C53001135DE1BB874DEF8946B0" collectionName="Germany, Karlsruhe, Staatliches Museum fuer Naturkunde Karlsruhe">SMNK</collectionCode>
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].
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8E153A30B16B35882CB4135974196119" pageNumber="3">
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<materialsCitation id="46451BE6F4193FBAC13DACD77E1303B5" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1416639153" collectingDate="2004-04-28" collectionCode="MHNG, MCSN, PCAS, SMNG" collectorName="K. Pusch, C. Wanke, J. Beibl, P. D'Ettorre" country="ITALY" latitude="39.96465" location="near Tortora, N. Sapri, Parco Nazionale del Cilento, 633 m.a.s.l." longitude="15.813483" stateProvince="Campania" typeStatus="Paratypes">
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<typeStatus id="348FAA55A4DAD72395BDA17D46B41EDB">Paratypes</typeStatus>
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. 12 workers and 4 gynes, same data as holotype [
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<collectionCode id="DF9D29F2B36CC6D3D97C208FB2DED281" collectionName="Switzerland, Geneva, Museum d'Histoire Naturelle">MHNG</collectionCode>
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,
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<collectionCode id="B87ECD0AA2126C0CEF62C855DB1D755D" collectionName="Italy, Genova, Museo Civico di Storia Naturale "Giacomo Doria"">MCSN</collectionCode>
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,
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<collectionCode id="22FE861722492E69E428B78DE151DC42" collectionName="PCAS">PCAS</collectionCode>
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,
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<collectionCode id="81DF5A9B8FA57CBC00DF2BEEC5007AC5" collectionName="Germany, Goerlitz, Staatliches Museum fuer Naturkunde">SMNG</collectionCode>
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];
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</materialsCitation>
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<materialsCitation id="07FB5F7A19D407B45AE5F6A227433628" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1416639154" collectingDate="2004-04-27" collectionCode="MHNG, MCSN, PCAS, SMNG" collectorName="K. Pusch, C. Wanke, J. Beibl, P. D'Ettorre" country="ITALY" location="near Carpaccio, N. of Agropoli & Paestum, Mte. Vesole, Parco Nazionale del Cilento, 730 m. a. s. l." stateProvince="Campania" typeStatus="Paratypes">
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10 workers,
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<collectingCountry id="4F44C7E0AEBC334A82364FCA2F5F0383">ITALY</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingRegion id="F6ABAFA5F5CAF7F0AF2AD20900FDAA37">Campania</collectingRegion>
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,
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<location id="C7F18A34ED5BAC7F108DA70C750C43A2" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:63FD4921357F1C8EC767244A315C1F0E:C7F18A34ED5BAC7F108DA70C750C43A2" country="ITALY" name="near Carpaccio, N. of Agropoli & Paestum, Mte. Vesole, Parco Nazionale del Cilento, 730 m. a. s. l." stateProvince="Campania">near Carpaccio, N. of Agropoli & Paestum, Mte. Vesole, Parco Nazionale del Cilento, 730 m.a.s.l.</location>
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,
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<date id="264C5EFBFB4871F21B242E1B063D5117" day="27" month="04" value="2004-04-27" year="2004">
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<collectingDate id="C7023C5E81A239E1FB90A5AD2230811C" day="27" month="04" value="2004-04-27" year="2004">27.iv.2004</collectingDate>
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</date>
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(Leg.
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<collectorName id="F4E08A284884A0BB8B99A0FF50377CE8">K. Pusch, C. Wanke, J. Beibl, P. D'Ettorre</collectorName>
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) [
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<collectionCode id="DF8E248B4E1314CD6BD652AFDECA572A" collectionName="Switzerland, Geneva, Museum d'Histoire Naturelle">MHNG</collectionCode>
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,
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<collectionCode id="B7D56896CD98030622C7F55C08977511" collectionName="Italy, Genova, Museo Civico di Storia Naturale "Giacomo Doria"">MCSN</collectionCode>
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,
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<collectionCode id="99C29B3E8ECD02846241DB4CC2350A98" collectionName="PCAS">PCAS</collectionCode>
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,
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<collectionCode id="85A653DCCE3D37DFD44CEE0FA1848317" collectionName="Germany, Goerlitz, Staatliches Museum fuer Naturkunde">SMNG</collectionCode>
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].
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="E90BD33F4FD56940105EA72D8FA56F16" type="etymology">
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<paragraph id="787A70326C917C329A00CAD636A1D069" pageNumber="3">
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Etymology. From the Latin word “alienus”, meaning “foreigner” or “alien”, referring to the unique combination of characters, which is found only in a small number of other western Palaearctic
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<taxonomicName id="5B3482912C53564209CC6D955BACDD89" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:147258" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Temnothorax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Temnothorax Mayr" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Temnothorax</taxonomicName>
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species.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="E9C675E1BCD8595BC1DE0E0897119537" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8088EC63D6D7F4E9CE99CB991ABCBB5F" pageNumber="3">Description of worker. Measurements and indices (n=16): HL [0.684] 0.67±0.03 (0.58-0.71), HW [0.580] 0.58±0.03 (0.50-0.63), SL [0.475] 0.48±0.03 (0.43-0.53), FCD [0.220] 0.22±0.02 (0.18-0.24), ML [0.791] 0.77±0.05 (0.67-0.85), MW [0.390] 0.39±0.03 (0.32-0.46), PSL [0.095] 0.09±0.01 (0.07-0.11), PEL [0.238] 0.24±0.02 (0.21-0.27), PEW [0.171] 0.18±0.02 (0.15-0.21), PEH [0.238] 0.23±0.02 (0.21-0.27), PHD [0.090] 0.09±0.01 (0.07-0.11), PPL [0.162] 0.16±0.02 (0.13-0.18), PPW [0.238] 0.23±0.02 (0.20-0.26), HS 0.63±0.03 (0.54-0.67), HW/HL 0.86±0.03 (0.83-0.97), SL/HS 0.77±0.03 (0.70-0.82), FCD/HS 0.34±0.02 (0.31-0.36), MW/ML 0.50±0.03 (0.48-0.63), PSL/ML 0.11±0.01 (0.09-0.13), PEH/PEL 0.98±0.05 (0.91-1.08), PEW/PEL 0.74±0.07 (0.68-0.90), PHD/PEW 0.48±0.07 (0.35-0.56), PPL/PPW 0.72±0.06 (0.64-0.79), PEW/PPW 0.76±0.08 (0.71-0.97).</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="26F51BB7E23E04BED4E1034378741841" lastPageNumber="6" pageNumber="5">Head narrower anterior to eyes than posteriorly. Margins of head posterior to eyes weakly convex, vertexal corners evenly rounded, posterior margin of vertex linear. Frontal triangle somewhat impressed but not clearly demarcated. Frontal carinae narrow and short, strongly divergent posteriorly. Mesosoma with dorsal profile evenly and weakly convex, without metanotal groove. Propodeal spines broadly attached, nearly triangular, acute, slightly pointed upward and slightly divergent. Petiole subsessile, its anterior face straight or only slightly concave, node triangular with rounded apex. Posterior face weakly convex or straight, sloping downwards nearly at the same angle as the anterior face. Anterior subpetiolar process large, slightly longer than broad at the base. In dorsal view, petiole with weakly convex to straight sides at midlength, strongly converging anteriorly. In dorsocaudal view the node apex is relatively narrow with a straight dorsal margin. Postpetiole in lateral profile more or less evenly rounded. In dorsal view the postpetiole is subrectangular with weakly rounded corners, slightly broader anteriorly, sides are straight and nearly parallel.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="0CF5CBFEEA99F6BF2EA8DB4F98A812DF" pageNumber="6">Mandibles very finely irregularly longitudinally striate, sublucid. Frontal triangle smooth with 1-2 shallow micro-rugulae. Clypeus medially lucid, without a coarse median carina, but with some paramedian striae running half way from anterior to posterior clypeal border. Scapes faintly striate to very finely granulate. Frons with a narrow medial unsculptured and lucid part, other surfaces irregularly and divergently rugose with anastomoses. Interspaces between rugae densely reticulate. Posterior frons reticulate with isolated superficial rugae. Genae, surface around the eyes and vertex irregularly rugose to striate, with densely reticulate interstices. Surface posterior to eyes with semicircular rugulae. Ventral surface of head laterally striate, medially smooth. Entire mesosoma irregularly and densely rugose to rugoreticulate, dorsal median surface of mesonotum alveolate. Space between the propodeal spines and entire petiole and postpetiole reticulate. Petiolar node with some fine rugae superimposed on the reticulum. Gaster lucid. Colour entirely yellowish-orange, appendages with same colour, without darker antennal club. Up to 2/3 of posterior portion of first gastral tergite dull orange-brown. Standing pilosity of head, mesosoma and gaster of medium size, transparent, with blunt tips.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="1F00A27AB498F05396EB872152F0FFAB" pageNumber="6">Some specimens have stronger medial carinae on the clypeus, the head may be slightly darker than the mesosoma, the distal antennal club may be slightly darker than the rest of the funiculus, the femur may be darker, the gaster may be mainly brownish, with a more or less extended yellow orange spot on the anteriormost portion of the first gastral tergite. The sculpture may be coarser in general, the frons may be entirely reticulate.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="322DA0BE85BD6C91060F4C015927BC7E" pageNumber="6">Description of gyne. Measurements and indices (n=4): HL 0.74±0.03 (0.73-0.79), HW 0.69±0.03 (0.66- 0.73), SL 0.52±0.02 (0.50-0.54), ED 0.21±0.01 (0.19-0.22), MW 0.77±0.02 (0.75-0.80), PSL 0.10±0.01 (0.09-0.11), PEL 0.30±0.01 (0.29-0.32), PEW 0.23±0.01 (0.22-0.25), PHD 0.11±0.01 (0.10-0.11), PPL 0.23±0.01 (0.22-0.24), PPW 0.31±0.01 (0.30-0.31), ML 1.19±0.04 (1.15-1.24), PEH 0.30±0.01 (0.28-0.31), HS 0.72±0.03 (0.69-0.76), SL/HS 0.72.0±0.01 (0.71-0.73), ED/HS 0.29±0.01 (0.26-0.30), HW/HL 0.93±0.01 (0.92-0.94), MW/ML 0.65±0.01 (0.63-0.66), PSL/ML 0.08±0.01 (0.07-0.09), PEH/PEL 0.97±0.06 (0.87-1.03), PEW/PEL 0.77±0.04 (0.72-0.82), PHD/PEW 0.34±0.02 (0.32-0.36), PPL/PPW 0.74±0.03 (0.70-0.76), PEW/PPW 0.76±0.02 (0.75-0.79), PEL/ML 0.28±0.04 (0.25-0.34).</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="891B01566F290C3C9FA18FEA662E72CD" pageNumber="7">Head relatively large with weakly convex and convergent genae, rounded vertexal corners and slightly convex anterior clypeus margin. Compound eyes relatively small. Mesosoma short, relatively high and robust, with straight dorsal margin, and distinct pronotal corners. Scutellum broader than long, posterior margin of it semicircular. Propodeal spines short, broadly attached and triangular, with pointed tips, posteriorly oriented. In dorsal view the spines are linear and parallel-sided. Petiole subsessile, with general shape as described for workers. Postpetiole shaped as in workers.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="B2CADAFD2C92907AD27C7B5FE153992C" lastPageNumber="8" pageNumber="7">Mandibles faintly longitudinally striate, sublucid. Frontal triangle unsculptured and lucid. Clypeus medially lucid, without a coarse median carina, but with some paramedian carinae, with lucid interstices. Scapes faintly striate, or granulate. Frons striate to carinate, with unsculptured and lucid interstices. Other parts of head dorsum more strongly longitudinally carinate to irregularly rugose, with lucid interstices. Anterior surface of pronotum reticulate, other parts broad-meshed rugose with shining interstices. Mesonotal dorsum with a few longitudinal, nearly invisible carinae, mainly shining. Scutellum lucid, laterad with 2-3 very fine striae on each side. Dorsum of propodeum transversely and diffusely carinate, between and below the spines transversely reticulo-striate. Anepisternum and other lateral parts of mesosoma irregularly and shallowly rugo-striate, with shining interstices. Petiole and postpetiole dorsally rugoreticulate, ventrally reticulate, subopaque. Bicoloured, mainly orange with equally coloured or paler appendages, without darker antennal clubs. Genae, dorsum of head, two lateral small spots of mesonotum, 50% of scutellum, and 2/3 of first gastral tergite darker coloured, testaceus to brownish. Standing pilosity as described in workers.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="044F3351E85E39550C52F742675B8D07" lastPageNumber="8" pageNumber="7">The male is unknown.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="2E6E6A0B75D900FBA1970FAFEA305DAC" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="B01E25BFD2996CC7CAD604DF5831A191" pageNumber="9">
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Differential diagnosis. Workers of
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<taxonomicName id="26E52B1C0000ED09D8639305FC2B6EE1" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:223426" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Temnothorax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Temnothorax alienus Schulz, Heinze & Pusch" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alienus">Temnothorax alienus</taxonomicName>
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show the typical
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<taxonomicName id="BE27C7B285E90498FD733A3A06F1D04E" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:183354" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Temnothorax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Temnothorax nylanderi (Förster)" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nylanderi">nylanderi</taxonomicName>
|
|
/
|
|
<taxonomicName id="3E49B93B2F6CB121539E8F6BF39C4F23" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:183362" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Temnothorax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Temnothorax parvulus (Schenck)" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parvulus">parvulus-like</taxonomicName>
|
|
petiolar shape (Fig. 6 & 7), but differ from the latter in lacking a metanotal impression or groove. The colour of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="7CC6BA6BD2D4CD40F7BBDF42B76A6B9F" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:223426" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Temnothorax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Temnothorax alienus Schulz, Heinze & Pusch" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alienus">T. alienus</taxonomicName>
|
|
is uniformly light yellow-orange, with only a slightly darker broad band on the first gastral tergite. Other Italian
|
|
<taxonomicName id="2E211E3D35B2655A6129AC1EEE471C90" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:147258" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Temnothorax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Temnothorax Mayr" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Temnothorax</taxonomicName>
|
|
are dark brown to black, or have distinctly darker antennal clubs, or if yellow, they have a shining surface.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="5AB822CE5E1538395472D00A74F7AF34" pageNumber="9">
|
|
Other species that are similar to
|
|
<taxonomicName id="F785E4B2E1E3DC7512624BB721E2A05E" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:223426" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Temnothorax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Temnothorax alienus Schulz, Heinze & Pusch" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alienus">Temnothorax alienus</taxonomicName>
|
|
and lack a metanotal groove are
|
|
<taxonomicName id="63BA1BD3055F4393A46D0B7F8D8747DD" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:223428" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Temnothorax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Temnothorax tianshanicus Tarbinsky" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tianshanicus">T. tianshanicus (Tarbinsky</taxonomicName>
|
|
1976),
|
|
<taxonomicName id="CC420AD6B9C693F3678D2B631B936F2C" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:183377" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Temnothorax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Temnothorax satunini (Ruzsky)" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="satunini">T. satunini (Ruzsky</taxonomicName>
|
|
, 1902), an unidentified species from Morocco,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="B62C49FACD1E928136758319B5992C5E" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:183339" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Temnothorax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Temnothorax luteus (Forel)" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="luteus">T. luteus (Forel</taxonomicName>
|
|
1874),
|
|
<taxonomicName id="30F65687DC1D1522D4328313E8739A56" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:183368" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Temnothorax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Temnothorax rabaudi (Bondroit)" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rabaudi">T. rabaudi (Bondroit</taxonomicName>
|
|
, 1918), and
|
|
<taxonomicName id="71B70FB9D73C36F1782AAB8E5541473F" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:183316" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Temnothorax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Temnothorax italicus (Consani)" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="italicus">T. italicus (Consani & Zangheri</taxonomicName>
|
|
, 1952). The central Asian
|
|
<taxonomicName id="D8378A322BE847339C8026ABA7117246" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:223428" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Temnothorax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Temnothorax tianshanicus Tarbinsky" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tianshanicus">T. tianshanicus</taxonomicName>
|
|
has longer scapes, broader head, and shorter propodeal spines than
|
|
<taxonomicName id="9EE7E2F0E2DEAC1C6FE34E817E29719F" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:223426" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Temnothorax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Temnothorax alienus Schulz, Heinze & Pusch" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alienus">T. alienus</taxonomicName>
|
|
. The head dorsum of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="B6B6FAC844A5324B8BB1283A01F4D9C6" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:223428" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Temnothorax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Temnothorax tianshanicus Tarbinsky" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tianshanicus">T. tianshanicus</taxonomicName>
|
|
is more shining. In addition,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="8FD6435ED52C8216CF921D350A943F08" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:223428" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Temnothorax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Temnothorax tianshanicus Tarbinsky" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tianshanicus">T. tianshanicus</taxonomicName>
|
|
sometimes has a faint metanotal depression. Other characters are similar, thus
|
|
<taxonomicName id="D05B06AFB792B39283677B26131AAA51" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:223428" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Temnothorax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Temnothorax tianshanicus Tarbinsky" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tianshanicus">T. tianshanicus</taxonomicName>
|
|
is morphologically the closest to
|
|
<taxonomicName id="39C7D20ECB0D3A6320A58442655F1A3D" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:223426" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Temnothorax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Temnothorax alienus Schulz, Heinze & Pusch" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alienus">T. alienus</taxonomicName>
|
|
.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="3E6EEDB411F3A24B641318643080A968" pageNumber="9">
|
|
<taxonomicName id="07CB09CB33EED58588E840437B03330E" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:183377" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Temnothorax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Temnothorax satunini (Ruzsky)" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="satunini">Temnothorax satunini</taxonomicName>
|
|
(Fig. 4 & 5), a species from southern to eastern Turkey and Caucasus, is also morphologically similar, but differs in the following characters: narrower and shining, nearly unsculptured head; yellow colour without darker gaster, and often distinctly shorter propodeal spines (PSL/ML <0.07).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="EEB189FF2C4EE5DFCE5523A3219D8EE1" pageNumber="9">
|
|
An unidentified
|
|
<taxonomicName id="A663189575819194A868338C5399BD2C" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:147258" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Temnothorax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Temnothorax Mayr" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Temnothorax</taxonomicName>
|
|
species from Morocco (PCAS
|
|
<taxonomicName id="9B8D6A0242B0FCF53D5F91853DE99C38" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Temnothorax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sp. 27 "Morocco"">sp. 27 “Morocco”</taxonomicName>
|
|
) has distinctly longer scapes, a lower, narrower petiole, and a faint metanotal depression. Additionally, the petiole is truncated and pedunculate. Sculpture and colour are similar to
|
|
<taxonomicName id="48235A0D987F59CA1053FCD7D5D8FFF6" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:223426" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Temnothorax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Temnothorax alienus Schulz, Heinze & Pusch" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alienus">T. alienus</taxonomicName>
|
|
.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="7D28CB6C55F17581FA54CECCF45E44E7" pageNumber="9">
|
|
Another lighter coloured species with slightly convex or straight mesosomal dorsum is
|
|
<taxonomicName id="E350F2EC7E6D6718D2DBCEFA331CB751" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:183339" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Temnothorax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Temnothorax luteus (Forel)" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="luteus">Temnothorax luteus</taxonomicName>
|
|
s.l., which is distinguishable from
|
|
<taxonomicName id="338FF71A55F1D5D668ADE88E3BF867B1" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:223426" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Temnothorax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Temnothorax alienus Schulz, Heinze & Pusch" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alienus">T. alienus</taxonomicName>
|
|
by longer propodeal spines, broader head, longer scapes, and the distinctly lower, pedunculate and narrower petiole. Sculpture characters are similar to
|
|
<taxonomicName id="E8860D73205B91B8AC1909997C634575" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:223426" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Temnothorax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Temnothorax alienus Schulz, Heinze & Pusch" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alienus">T. alienus</taxonomicName>
|
|
, but in
|
|
<taxonomicName id="69D67E0E94E076B82B9CB5666D3A98F8" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:183339" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Temnothorax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Temnothorax luteus (Forel)" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="luteus">T. luteus</taxonomicName>
|
|
the whole gaster is yellowish coloured. The taxonomic situation of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="F25936DD56A6D3BF43EE12D4E05335C2" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:183339" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Temnothorax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Temnothorax luteus (Forel)" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="luteus">T. luteus</taxonomicName>
|
|
is not clear yet; one can split the taxon into two or more species.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="B23AD75B037BCE70A46A7FAA04ACFE0E" pageNumber="9">
|
|
The two arboreal species
|
|
<taxonomicName id="EDF65DD1A9BB7CAC08E4F1FF12399090" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:183368" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Temnothorax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Temnothorax rabaudi (Bondroit)" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rabaudi">Temnothorax rabaudi</taxonomicName>
|
|
and
|
|
<taxonomicName id="1B40DF18B650ACDC49DBB096CE613987" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:183316" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Temnothorax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Temnothorax italicus (Consani)" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="italicus">T. italicus</taxonomicName>
|
|
(Fig. 10 & 11) are similar in the shape of petiole and mesosoma, and might be confused with
|
|
<taxonomicName id="3CC6F1D7ABDB960024142B4D5A0F8004" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:223426" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Temnothorax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Temnothorax alienus Schulz, Heinze & Pusch" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alienus">T. alienus</taxonomicName>
|
|
. However,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="FDDDB6553400E8815892FC84FA78E88A" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:183368" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Temnothorax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Temnothorax rabaudi (Bondroit)" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rabaudi">T. rabaudi</taxonomicName>
|
|
and
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4F0FA3C25BD8F8C906015C8BCD78C5DE" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:183316" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Temnothorax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Temnothorax italicus (Consani)" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="italicus">T. italicus</taxonomicName>
|
|
differ morphometrically in the length of propodeal spines, and the petioles of both species are distinctly lower and more triangular. The petiolar node apex is more rounded in lateral view, with a straight anterior face. The sculpture of head is more heavily reticulate in both species.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="8492840B0C82FC9D5C70901A9A9C3127" pageNumber="9">
|
|
Species that have a metanotal groove but otherwise resemble
|
|
<taxonomicName id="3798472C10DC943B0C811AC631C8824E" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:223426" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Temnothorax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Temnothorax alienus Schulz, Heinze & Pusch" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alienus">Temnothorax alienus</taxonomicName>
|
|
are
|
|
<taxonomicName id="6B92970F3961183C12F6BE7F0888E1A3" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:183337" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Temnothorax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Temnothorax lichtensteini (Bondroit)" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lichtensteini">T. lichtensteini (Bondroit</taxonomicName>
|
|
, 1918),
|
|
<taxonomicName id="B84854E26F28653CC19D910B0701CBC5" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:183354" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Temnothorax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Temnothorax nylanderi (Förster)" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nylanderi">T. nylanderi (Foerster</taxonomicName>
|
|
, 1850),
|
|
<taxonomicName id="79E26901C7051E4526AAB08CB588A0CE" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:183294" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Temnothorax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Temnothorax crassispinus (Karavaiev)" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="crassispinus">T. crassispinus (Karawajev</taxonomicName>
|
|
, 1926),
|
|
<taxonomicName id="47CB8E55E5D69EFA336F600B3BDB97C5" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:183362" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Temnothorax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Temnothorax parvulus (Schenck)" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parvulus">T. parvulus, (Schenck</taxonomicName>
|
|
1850) and
|
|
<taxonomicName id="337D024346ED168F437794FEE2FDAF54" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:183305" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Temnothorax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Temnothorax flavicornis (Emery)" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flavicornis">T. flavicornis (Emery</taxonomicName>
|
|
1870).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="90314212359F847AE5093ED90ABE74BA" pageNumber="9">
|
|
<taxonomicName id="44733EE68AF88FF3040DD1A5C3DBBA0F" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:183337" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Temnothorax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Temnothorax lichtensteini (Bondroit)" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lichtensteini">Temnothorax lichtensteini</taxonomicName>
|
|
(Fig. 8 & 9) workers can easily be distinguished from
|
|
<taxonomicName id="E694B12D8096732DD855DC947FCC94C1" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:223426" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Temnothorax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Temnothorax alienus Schulz, Heinze & Pusch" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alienus">T. alienus</taxonomicName>
|
|
by their very long and curved propodeal spines, the pedunculate petiole with a more rounded or truncated node, the distinct metanotal groove, and the denser sculpture of the head and other parts of the body. Also
|
|
<taxonomicName id="250D749F29A1735E3849B59D872F3D59" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:183337" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Temnothorax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Temnothorax lichtensteini (Bondroit)" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lichtensteini">T. lichtensteini</taxonomicName>
|
|
is smaller. Sometimes the colour is identical to
|
|
<taxonomicName id="3BB615B862F09E8030F8831D27DDA984" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:223426" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Temnothorax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Temnothorax alienus Schulz, Heinze & Pusch" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alienus">T. alienus</taxonomicName>
|
|
, but it is usually darker.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="76EFF9BA4B47C7E1048F2C79CB9FF95E" pageNumber="9">
|
|
<taxonomicName id="05A4CA3394C4FC6EF031FAC668851106" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:183354" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Temnothorax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Temnothorax nylanderi (Förster)" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nylanderi">Temnothorax nylanderi</taxonomicName>
|
|
can be distinguished from
|
|
<taxonomicName id="9B3A0D074068E7C65A33F277FBEBF76F" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:223426" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Temnothorax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Temnothorax alienus Schulz, Heinze & Pusch" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alienus">T. alienus</taxonomicName>
|
|
by its longer propodeal spines and more widely separated frontal carinae.
|
|
<taxonomicName id="A25B11FE94CCE31349BF2F090114D37A" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:183354" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Temnothorax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Temnothorax nylanderi (Förster)" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nylanderi">T. nylanderi</taxonomicName>
|
|
(Fig. 6 & 7) and
|
|
<taxonomicName id="01AD9ED260ECA6A048D7C9B61474A052" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:183294" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Temnothorax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Temnothorax crassispinus (Karavaiev)" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="crassispinus">T. crassispinus</taxonomicName>
|
|
workers are darker, with brownish head and mainly dark brown gaster. They can be distinguished from
|
|
<taxonomicName id="B36602CBDC28D73D11C014333498F20E" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:223426" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Temnothorax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Temnothorax alienus Schulz, Heinze & Pusch" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alienus">T. alienus</taxonomicName>
|
|
by their distinct metanotal groove, more truncated petiolar node, and evident fine and dense parallel striae on the frons. Sometimes the metanotal groove is less visible or rarely absent in
|
|
<taxonomicName id="B0C87AD2B45DE85EA8CE306251B66394" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:183337" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Temnothorax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Temnothorax lichtensteini (Bondroit)" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lichtensteini">T. lichtensteini</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="F2810F111B220C00C3954E1C1CDE86C3" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:183354" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Temnothorax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Temnothorax nylanderi (Förster)" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nylanderi">T. nylanderi</taxonomicName>
|
|
, and
|
|
<taxonomicName id="86ED5319E331295A9E7E17EA47D16FDE" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:183294" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Temnothorax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Temnothorax crassispinus (Karavaiev)" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="crassispinus">T. crassispinus</taxonomicName>
|
|
.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="FF3DB17EFEEB1345A1C217D6A679353E" pageNumber="9">
|
|
<taxonomicName id="B4832C0AF107777176C41D30E309FC44" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:183362" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Temnothorax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Temnothorax parvulus (Schenck)" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parvulus">Temnothorax parvulus</taxonomicName>
|
|
has distinctly longer propodeal spines, a deep metanotal groove, a smaller head, and gradually narrower frontal carinae. In addition,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="A5A0B96500603F5E6ED3EC61B5BE6C96" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:183362" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Temnothorax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Temnothorax parvulus (Schenck)" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parvulus">T. parvulus</taxonomicName>
|
|
has a less coarse, mainly reticulate sculpture, and a uniform pale yellow colour.
|
|
<taxonomicName id="EF19A94A3FEC5C105C52C1BDD145A298" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:183362" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Temnothorax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Temnothorax parvulus (Schenck)" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parvulus">T. parvulus</taxonomicName>
|
|
is rarely found in south Italy.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="1DC9B838BBCF35973F3B705AF4C7FA2D" pageNumber="9">
|
|
<taxonomicName id="DD83BBAF5C9C3748661325F0D4954ABD" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:183305" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Temnothorax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Temnothorax flavicornis (Emery)" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flavicornis">Temnothorax flavicornis</taxonomicName>
|
|
is more common, but is easily differentiated by its 11-jointed antenna, coarser head sculpture, longer propodeal spines, and lower petiole.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="C48E0FF051B231CAE4361CB1CA7A6D7B" pageNumber="9">
|
|
The gynes of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="3D05303813C38BDD7E8FC4337EB226F6" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:223426" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Temnothorax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Temnothorax alienus Schulz, Heinze & Pusch" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alienus">Temnothorax alienus</taxonomicName>
|
|
are morphologically similar to
|
|
<taxonomicName id="CD23228950787AED6FAF2A55FA85CCE5" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:183362" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Temnothorax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Temnothorax parvulus (Schenck)" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parvulus">T. parvulus</taxonomicName>
|
|
or a pale
|
|
<taxonomicName id="3F6A9FF65041BC5FA44AAD2CD581413D" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:183354" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Temnothorax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Temnothorax nylanderi (Förster)" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nylanderi">T. nylanderi</taxonomicName>
|
|
(Fig. 30 & 31). To distinguish gynes of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="6BB8226DA74288AA511C3EEE6E621B8A" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:223426" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Temnothorax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Temnothorax alienus Schulz, Heinze & Pusch" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alienus">T. alienus</taxonomicName>
|
|
from other
|
|
<taxonomicName id="A23041084269B9330328C4ED6093198E" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:147258" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Temnothorax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Temnothorax Mayr" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Temnothorax</taxonomicName>
|
|
species is more difficult than in workers.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="F91D03E721A759EA8B655A89A75B301C" pageNumber="10">
|
|
Compared to
|
|
<taxonomicName id="FEA4188650481FAD66CC812B1FAAD541" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:223426" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Temnothorax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Temnothorax alienus Schulz, Heinze & Pusch" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alienus">Temnothorax alienus</taxonomicName>
|
|
, gynes of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="8F660F9AEC777C6D83C4864A598A5CAB" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:223428" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Temnothorax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Temnothorax tianshanicus Tarbinsky" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tianshanicus">T. tianshanicus</taxonomicName>
|
|
are distinctly smaller, have longer scapes, a narrower head and petiole, a different petiole shape, and a darker colour.
|
|
<taxonomicName id="D3040D754EE14A1C85FEA869EA377F55" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:183377" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Temnothorax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Temnothorax satunini (Ruzsky)" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="satunini">T. satunini</taxonomicName>
|
|
differs in the shorter propodeal spines, in shorter and narrower head, and narrower mesosoma, but sculpture and colour are equal. In
|
|
<taxonomicName id="9F8795EBA37B4559E9A7C423AFDA677A" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:183339" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Temnothorax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Temnothorax luteus (Forel)" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="luteus">T. luteus</taxonomicName>
|
|
the scapes and propodeal spines are longer, and the petiole is pedunculate and distinctly lower. Nearly the whole mesonotum and scutellum is strongly longitudinally rugose, whereas in
|
|
<taxonomicName id="C4A65CBB8473D0E1A70B9231B7E2D9C8" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:223426" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Temnothorax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Temnothorax alienus Schulz, Heinze & Pusch" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alienus">T. alienus</taxonomicName>
|
|
the surface is mainly unsculptured and shiny. In southern Italy,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="FFFC437B6839BACB3792BF80B90C54D5" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:183339" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Temnothorax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Temnothorax luteus (Forel)" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="luteus">T. luteus</taxonomicName>
|
|
s.l. is brownish and strongly sculptured. Gynes of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="9B14EE0EF3B9FC7C1D27684152063FE2" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:183368" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Temnothorax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Temnothorax rabaudi (Bondroit)" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rabaudi">T. rabaudi</taxonomicName>
|
|
and
|
|
<taxonomicName id="F467969381B3AE6B4D01BEFE7DB881D9" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:183316" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Temnothorax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Temnothorax italicus (Consani)" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="italicus">T. italicus</taxonomicName>
|
|
have tooth-like propodeal spines and a distinctly lower petiole. In both species the head is densely reticulate. Gynes of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="743209E67030A8A21ECFE8BEEE351990" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:183337" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Temnothorax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Temnothorax lichtensteini (Bondroit)" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lichtensteini">T. lichtensteini</taxonomicName>
|
|
are dark ferrugineous to brown, distinctly smaller, with larger eyes, and longer propodeal spines.
|
|
<taxonomicName id="AE36F599052C8900A14A571A3F4B9051" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:183354" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Temnothorax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Temnothorax nylanderi (Förster)" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nylanderi">T. nylanderi</taxonomicName>
|
|
has a narrower petiole in comparison with the postpetiole, darker head, and the same striation of firons as described in workers.
|
|
<taxonomicName id="B15DF074FB52184D752A296931BB5FAC" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:183294" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Temnothorax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Temnothorax crassispinus (Karavaiev)" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="crassispinus">T. crassispinus</taxonomicName>
|
|
has distinctly longer propodeal spines. Sculpture and colour are similar to
|
|
<taxonomicName id="C640E68007E946FD8F805DE26010A381" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:183354" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Temnothorax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Temnothorax nylanderi (Förster)" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nylanderi">T. nylanderi</taxonomicName>
|
|
, but
|
|
<taxonomicName id="1D91D18CEADD3ACE846FDBCD1E20B158" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:183294" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Temnothorax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Temnothorax crassispinus (Karavaiev)" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="crassispinus">T. crassispinus</taxonomicName>
|
|
is generally darker than
|
|
<taxonomicName id="2F6CE73DD9F326163B539FAB742D6DF9" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:223426" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Temnothorax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Temnothorax alienus Schulz, Heinze & Pusch" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alienus">T. alienus</taxonomicName>
|
|
and
|
|
<taxonomicName id="CC87A59F5816E1E22D41927366A97A49" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:183354" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Temnothorax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Temnothorax nylanderi (Förster)" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nylanderi">T. nylanderi</taxonomicName>
|
|
. The gyne of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="224E6738C9D883D28EF4D4C1FBA5906A" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:183362" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Temnothorax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Temnothorax parvulus (Schenck)" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parvulus">T. parvulus</taxonomicName>
|
|
has a smaller head, larger eyes, longer propodeal spines, and a narrower petiole in comparison with the postpetiole. The colour of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="32DA67A6580768BE07178716AEDBAA1F" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:183362" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Temnothorax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Temnothorax parvulus (Schenck)" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parvulus">T. parvulus</taxonomicName>
|
|
is sometimes uniformly yellowish-testaceous including the gaster, in contrast to the more ferrugineous gynes of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="81CF61BAF16F6D1CD1F65816455FC975" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:223426" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Temnothorax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Temnothorax alienus Schulz, Heinze & Pusch" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alienus">T. alienus</taxonomicName>
|
|
, but usually
|
|
<taxonomicName id="F725301A7CC24C27739861CF31FA7CB1" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:183362" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Temnothorax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Temnothorax parvulus (Schenck)" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parvulus">T. parvulus</taxonomicName>
|
|
has brownish coloured gynes.
|
|
<taxonomicName id="38C819658B995ED559311EFAFB21767E" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:183362" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Temnothorax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Temnothorax parvulus (Schenck)" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parvulus">T. parvulus</taxonomicName>
|
|
also has a more pedunculate petiole than
|
|
<taxonomicName id="FC2AB0E11FA633810B03814D5391D364" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:223426" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Temnothorax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Temnothorax alienus Schulz, Heinze & Pusch" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alienus">T. alienus</taxonomicName>
|
|
, yet they are very similar and most safely distinguished by morphometric characters.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<caption id="10AB74A25301B768CFA071C8D696E57E">
|
|
<paragraph id="23F29244F49EEAE1E18C440698ED9F7A" pageNumber="11">[[TABLE 2.]] continued.</paragraph>
|
|
</caption>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection id="811F7B1669E2595A9849E599FF51F7D6" type="biology_ecology">
|
|
<paragraph id="4BEC30DE6663CE1F25C2D2648BA5DD66" pageNumber="12">
|
|
Comments. Some of the
|
|
<taxonomicName id="F8A674104AC5FEDCC91D16F991CB961E" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:223426" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Temnothorax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Temnothorax alienus Schulz, Heinze & Pusch" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alienus">Temnothorax alienus</taxonomicName>
|
|
nests were collected in a forest with Quercus and Laurus trees, at the base of a hill. The ground was covered with rocks and ivy. Nests were located in dead sticks on the ground. A second locality where specimens were collected had sparse vegetation with scattered Castanea and Corylus trees.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection id="02143C913BC124EA97EEE9FF0518A11D" type="discussion">
|
|
<paragraph id="1E3E25FE4248BE5E3ED6A596CF6A74FC" pageNumber="12">
|
|
An unpublished cytochrome oxidase (CO 1) analysis (Pusch et al) supports the hypothesis that
|
|
<taxonomicName id="7313B87405D4EFD85A7729C762F0B366" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:223426" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Temnothorax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Temnothorax alienus Schulz, Heinze & Pusch" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alienus">T. alienus</taxonomicName>
|
|
is not related to the
|
|
<taxonomicName id="8C00B6DFF1D9401F49DEF0F1777FAAF0" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:183354" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Temnothorax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Temnothorax nylanderi (Förster)" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nylanderi">T. nylanderi</taxonomicName>
|
|
/
|
|
<taxonomicName id="115EDBC9D751A6789B415F3D24A54031" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:183362" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Temnothorax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Temnothorax parvulus (Schenck)" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parvulus">parvulus</taxonomicName>
|
|
complex, but is phylogenetically closer to
|
|
<taxonomicName id="82C9ADB35B7E24C4742F1614C94A972A" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:223429" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Temnothorax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Temnothorax unifaciatus Latreille" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="unifaciatus">T. unifaciatus</taxonomicName>
|
|
or
|
|
<taxonomicName id="755D53ECC4BF66659614549F720015E3" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:183339" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Temnothorax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Temnothorax luteus (Forel)" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="luteus">T. luteus</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |