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<document id="19C571574B76C08285B083821CE547C3" ID-CLB-Dataset="26164" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4639.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="812e0570-38c6-4f6e-840c-7d52d87a8c12" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-PMC="PMC6910866" ID-PubMed="31712455" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3342161" ID-ZooBank="B1690E30-EC81-46D3-881D-97648DDC7745" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1563526566144" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Madeira, Patrícia, Kroh, Andreas, Cordeiro, Ricardo, De, António M., Martins, Frias &amp; Ávila, Sérgio P." docDate="2019" docId="4148D21204FDFF7DFF33F930776A12B0" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4639.1.1.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4639 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Spatangus purpureus Muller 1776" docType="treatment" docVersion="15" lastPageNumber="175" masterDocId="BD71AA6A0450FFD3FFA4FFCD76121037" masterDocTitle="The Echinoderm Fauna of the Azores (NE Atlantic Ocean)" masterLastPageNumber="231" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="174" updateTime="1698685128211" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:title id="CC9301118374EE72AC1C10F30562252D">The Echinoderm Fauna of the Azores (NE Atlantic Ocean)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="7AB351B17475BEB63AA61C82855821F2">Kroh, Andreas</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="9E8D049CFB9EC1C7018F1F9DFC9A1469">Cordeiro, Ricardo</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="E57E7F1A44F6B2BB02E2215B35F11CA1">De, António M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="DDCD460BACFAD90A5A2963F60065D5EC">Martins, Frias</mods:namePart>
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<subSubSection id="81FB308F04FDFF7EFF33F93074D41720" box="[151,710,1789,1815]" pageId="173" pageNumber="174" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="C95E630404FDFF7EFF33F93074D41720" blockId="173.[151,710,1789,1815]" box="[151,710,1789,1815]" pageId="173" pageNumber="174">
<heading id="9216D46804FDFF7EFF33F93074D41720" bold="true" box="[151,710,1789,1815]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="173" pageNumber="174" reason="1">
<emphasis id="FB95BF1604FDFF7EFF33F93074D41720" bold="true" box="[151,710,1789,1815]" pageId="173" pageNumber="174">
Erroneous—
<taxonomicName id="0EE1188704FDFF7EFE95F93074D41720" ID-CoL="4YFJH" ID-ENA="72725" authority="Muller, 1776" authorityName="Muller" authorityYear="1776" box="[305,710,1789,1815]" class="Echinoidea" family="Spatangidae" genus="Spatangus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spatangoida" pageId="173" pageNumber="174" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="purpureus">
<emphasis id="FB95BF1604FDFF7EFE95F930743B1720" bold="true" box="[305,553,1789,1815]" italics="true" pageId="173" pageNumber="174">Spatangus purpureus</emphasis>
Müller, 1776
</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
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<emphasis id="FB95BF1604FDFF7EFF33F88C7781176D" bold="true" box="[151,403,1857,1882]" pageId="173" pageNumber="174">
Reports for the
<collectingRegion id="0B25ADE604FDFF7EFEE4F88C779C176D" box="[320,398,1857,1882]" country="Portugal" name="Acores" pageId="173" pageNumber="174">Azores</collectingRegion>
:
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</paragraph>
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<taxonomicName id="0EE1188704FDFF7EFF33F8AD777D174F" ID-CoL="4YFJH" authorityName="Muller" authorityYear="1776" box="[151,367,1888,1912]" class="Echinoidea" family="Spatangidae" genus="Spatangus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spatangoida" pageId="173" pageNumber="174" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="purpureus">
<emphasis id="FB95BF1604FDFF7EFF33F8AD777D174F" box="[151,367,1888,1912]" italics="true" pageId="173" pageNumber="174">Spatangus purpureus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
M̹ller, 1776—
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF504FDFF7EFDB7F89274C6174F" author="Agassiz" box="[531,724,1887,1912]" firstAuthor="Agassiz" pageId="173" pageNumber="174" pagination="1 - 321" refId="ref171039" refString="Agassiz, A. (1881) Report on the Echinoidea dredged by H. M. S. Challenger 1873 - 76. Report on the Scientific Results of the Voyage of H. M. S. Challenger, Zoology, 3, 1 - 321." type="journal article" year="1881">Agassiz 1881: 171</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF504FDFF7EFD7BF89275B9174F" author="Bell" box="[735,939,1887,1912]" firstAuthor="Bell" pageId="173" pageNumber="174" refId="ref173518" refString="Bell, F. J. (1892) Catalogue of the British echinoderms in the British Museum (Natural History). Trustees of the British Museum, London, xvii + 202 pp." type="book" year="1892">Bell 1892: 165167</bibRefCitation>
, pl. 16, fig. 10;
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF504FDFF7EFBEBF8AD734F174F" author="Mortensen" box="[1103,1373,1888,1912]" firstAuthor="Mortensen" pageId="173" pageNumber="174" pagination="1 - 200" refId="ref192287" refString="Mortensen, T. (1907) Echinoidea (Part 2). In: The Danish Ingolf-Expedition 1895 - 1896. 4 (2). Bianco Luno, Copenhagen, pp. 1 - 200." type="book chapter" year="1907">Mortensen 1907: 123128</bibRefCitation>
, pl. 2, figs. 8, 12, 14, 16, pl. 16, figs. 12, 510, 22, 2425, 27, 29, 3132, 34, 1927a: 328329, fig. 190;
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF504FDFF7EFB6CF8B3738A17A0" author="Koehler" box="[1224,1432,1918,1943]" firstAuthor="Koehler" pageId="173" pageNumber="174" pagination="127 - 303" refId="ref185931" refString="Koehler, R. (1914 b) Echinoderma I: Asteroidea, ophiuroidea et Echnoidea. In: Michaelsen, W. (Ed.), Beitrage zur Kenntnis der Meeresfauna Westafrikas. 1 (2). L. Friederichsen &amp; Co., Hamburg, pp. 127 - 303." type="book chapter" year="1914" yearSuffix="b">Koehler 1914b: 279</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF504FDFF7EFF63F85077621782" author="Koehler" box="[199,368,1949,1974]" firstAuthor="Koehler" pageId="173" pageNumber="174" refId="ref186029" refString="Koehler, R. (1921 b) Echinodermes. Faune de France. 1. Librairie de la Faculte des Sciences, Paris, 216 pp." type="book" year="1921" yearSuffix="b">1921b: 129130</bibRefCitation>
, figs. 8990; H.L.
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF504FDFF7EFD94F85074CB1782" author="Clark" box="[560,729,1949,1974]" firstAuthor="Clark" pageId="173" pageNumber="174" pagination="85 - 283" refId="ref177169" refString="Clark, H. L. (1917) Hawaiian and other Pacific Echini. Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zo ˆ logy at Harvard College, 46, 85 - 283." type="journal article" year="1917">Clark 1917: 234</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF504FDFF7EFD40F85075D41782" author="Nobre" box="[740,966,1949,1974]" firstAuthor="Nobre" pageId="173" pageNumber="174" refId="ref194119" refString="Nobre, A. (1938) Equinodermes de Portugal. 3 rd Edition. Companhia Editora do Minho, Barcelos, 215 pp." type="book" year="1938">Nobre 1938: 127128</bibRefCitation>
, fig. 55;
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF504FDFF7EFB86F85372C21781" author="Harvey" box="[1058,1232,1949,1974]" firstAuthor="Harvey" pageId="173" pageNumber="174" refId="ref183538" refString="Harvey, E. B. (1956) The American Arbacia and other sea urchins. Princeton University Press. Princeton, viii + 298. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 7234" type="book" year="1956">Harvey 1956: 67</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF504FDFF7EFB7FF85076C417E3" author="Micael" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Micael" pageId="173" pageNumber="174" pagination="49" refId="ref190819" refString="Micael, J., Alves, M. J., Jones, M. B. &amp; Costa, A. C. (2012) Diversity of shallow-water asteroids (Echinodermata) in the Azorean Archipelago. Marine Biodiversity Records, 5, e 49. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 1755267211000534" type="journal article" year="2012">
Micael
<emphasis id="FB95BF1604FDFF7EFA8CF85373441782" box="[1320,1366,1949,1973]" italics="true" pageId="173" pageNumber="174">et al</emphasis>
. 2012: 4
</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="81FB308F04FEFF7DFF33FF55776A12B0" pageId="174" pageNumber="175" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="C95E630404FEFF7DFF33FF5575C31084" blockId="174.[151,1436,152,647]" box="[151,977,152,179]" pageId="174" pageNumber="175">
<emphasis id="FB95BF1604FEFF7DFF33FF5576DB1084" bold="true" box="[151,201,152,179]" pageId="174" pageNumber="175">See:</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF504FEFF7DFF74FF5474121084" author="Mortensen" box="[208,512,152,179]" firstAuthor="Mortensen" pageId="174" pageNumber="175" refId="ref193260" refString="Mortensen, T. (1951 b) A Monograph of the Echinoidea. Vol. 2. Spatangoida II. Amphisternata II. Spatangidae, Loveniidae, Pericosmidae, Schizasteridae, Brissidae. C. A. Reitzel, Copenhagen, 593 pp." type="book" year="1951" yearSuffix="b">Mortensen (1951b: 1014)</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF504FEFF7DFDAFFF5475091084" author="Schultz" box="[523,795,153,179]" firstAuthor="Schultz" pageId="174" pageNumber="175" refId="ref199860" refString="Schultz, H. (2006) Sea Urchins - a guide to worldwide shallow-water species. 3 rd Edition. Heinke &amp; Peter Schultz Partner Scientific Publications, 484 pp." type="book" year="2006">Schultz (2006: 427428</bibRefCitation>
, figs. 802804).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C95E630404FEFF7DFF63FF7177661128" blockId="174.[151,1436,152,647]" pageId="174" pageNumber="175">
<emphasis id="FB95BF1604FEFF7DFF63FF71774E10E0" bold="true" box="[199,348,188,215]" pageId="174" pageNumber="175">Occurrence:</emphasis>
Northeast Atlantic and Mediterranean Sea (
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF504FEFF7DFCE0FF7075E410E0" author="Tortonese" box="[836,1014,188,215]" firstAuthor="Tortonese" pageId="174" pageNumber="175" refId="ref202694" refString="Tortonese, E. (1965) Fauna D'Italia-Echinodermata. Edizioni Calderini, Bologna, 422 pp." type="book" year="1965">Tortonese 1965</bibRefCitation>
), from
<collectingCountry id="B1F6239404FEFF7DFBE3FF70728B10E0" box="[1095,1177,189,215]" name="Iceland" pageId="174" pageNumber="175">Iceland</collectingCountry>
and Scandinavia along European and African coasts to
<collectingCountry id="B1F6239404FEFF7DFDAEFF2C747110CC" box="[522,611,225,251]" name="Senegal" pageId="174" pageNumber="175">Senegal</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF504FEFF7DFDD0FF2C755310CC" author="Mortensen" box="[628,833,224,251]" firstAuthor="Mortensen" pageId="174" pageNumber="175" refId="ref193260" refString="Mortensen, T. (1951 b) A Monograph of the Echinoidea. Vol. 2. Spatangoida II. Amphisternata II. Spatangidae, Loveniidae, Pericosmidae, Schizasteridae, Brissidae. C. A. Reitzel, Copenhagen, 593 pp." type="book" year="1951" yearSuffix="b">Mortensen 1951b</bibRefCitation>
); possibly also occurring in
<collectingCountry id="B1F6239404FEFF7DFB2FFF2C731D10CC" box="[1163,1295,225,251]" name="Cape Verde" pageId="174" pageNumber="175">Cape Verde</collectingCountry>
and
<collectingCountry id="B1F6239404FEFF7DFAEEFF2C738E10CC" box="[1354,1436,225,251]" name="Angola" pageId="174" pageNumber="175">Angola</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF504FEFF7DFF3BFEC877751128" author="Mortensen" box="[159,359,260,287]" firstAuthor="Mortensen" pageId="174" pageNumber="175" pagination="293 - 303" refId="ref193231" refString="Mortensen, T. (1951 a) Report on the Echinoidea collected by the &quot; Atlantide &quot; Expedition. Atlantide Report, 2, 293 - 303." type="journal article" year="1951" yearSuffix="a">Mortensen 1951a</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C95E630404FEFF7DFF63FEE4745E1173" blockId="174.[151,1436,152,647]" box="[199,588,297,324]" pageId="174" pageNumber="175">
<emphasis id="FB95BF1604FEFF7DFF63FEE477081174" bold="true" box="[199,282,297,323]" pageId="174" pageNumber="175">Depth:</emphasis>
<quantity id="0E19CEE104FEFF7DFE85FEE477961174" box="[289,388,297,323]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" metricValueMax="9.0" metricValueMin="0.0" pageId="174" pageNumber="175" unit="m" value="450.0" valueMax="900.0" valueMin="0.0">0900 m</quantity>
(
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF504FEFF7DFE36FEE474521173" author="Koehler" box="[402,576,297,324]" firstAuthor="Koehler" pageId="174" pageNumber="175" pagination="127 - 303" refId="ref185931" refString="Koehler, R. (1914 b) Echinoderma I: Asteroidea, ophiuroidea et Echnoidea. In: Michaelsen, W. (Ed.), Beitrage zur Kenntnis der Meeresfauna Westafrikas. 1 (2). L. Friederichsen &amp; Co., Hamburg, pp. 127 - 303." type="book chapter" year="1914" yearSuffix="b">Koehler 1914b</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C95E630404FEFF7DFF63FE81752611BC" blockId="174.[151,1436,152,647]" pageId="174" pageNumber="175">
<emphasis id="FB95BF1604FEFF7DFF63FE81773E1150" bold="true" box="[199,300,332,359]" pageId="174" pageNumber="175">Habitat:</emphasis>
soft substrates, preferably on coarse sand or gravel, in which it lies wholly buried where it feeds on all sorts of bottom particles and organisms (
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF504FEFF7DFDFAFEBC753511BC" author="Mortensen" box="[606,807,369,395]" firstAuthor="Mortensen" pageId="174" pageNumber="175" refId="ref192564" refString="Mortensen, T. (1927 a) Handbook of the echinoderms of the British Isles. Oxford University Press, viii + 471 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 6841" type="book" year="1927" yearSuffix="a">Mortensen 1927a</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C95E630404FEFF7DFF63FE5875791198" blockId="174.[151,1436,152,647]" box="[199,875,405,431]" pageId="174" pageNumber="175">
<emphasis id="FB95BF1604FEFF7DFF63FE5877771198" bold="true" box="[199,357,405,431]" pageId="174" pageNumber="175">Larval stage:</emphasis>
planktotrophic (
<emphasis id="FB95BF1604FEFF7DFD84FE5B74211198" box="[544,563,406,431]" italics="true" pageId="174" pageNumber="175">c.</emphasis>
3 weeks;
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF504FEFF7DFD00FE58754D1198" author="Mortensen" box="[676,863,405,431]" firstAuthor="Mortensen" pageId="174" pageNumber="175" pagination="1 - 18" refId="ref192355" refString="Mortensen, T. (1913) On the development of some British echinoderms. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 10 (1), 1 - 18. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 002531540000669 X" type="journal article" year="1913">Mortensen 1913</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C95E630404FEFF7DFF63FE74776A12B0" blockId="174.[151,1436,152,647]" pageId="174" pageNumber="175">
<emphasis id="FB95BF1604FEFF7DFF63FE74772F11E4" bold="true" box="[199,317,441,467]" pageId="174" pageNumber="175">Remarks:</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF504FEFF7DFEE7FE7477FF11E4" author="Agassiz" box="[323,493,441,467]" firstAuthor="Agassiz" pageId="174" pageNumber="175" pagination="1 - 321" refId="ref171039" refString="Agassiz, A. (1881) Report on the Echinoidea dredged by H. M. S. Challenger 1873 - 76. Report on the Scientific Results of the Voyage of H. M. S. Challenger, Zoology, 3, 1 - 321." type="journal article" year="1881">Agassiz (1881)</bibRefCitation>
identified the species
<taxonomicName id="0EE1188704FEFF7DFD4CFE7475C711E4" authorityName="Muller" authorityYear="1776" box="[744,981,441,467]" class="Echinoidea" family="Spatangidae" genus="Spatangus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spatangoida" pageId="174" pageNumber="175" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="purpureus">
<emphasis id="FB95BF1604FEFF7DFD4CFE7475C711E4" box="[744,981,441,467]" italics="true" pageId="174" pageNumber="175">Spatangus purpureus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
among the material collected by H.M.S.
<emphasis id="FB95BF1604FEFF7DFF33FE10770711C0" box="[151,277,477,503]" italics="true" pageId="174" pageNumber="175">Challenger</emphasis>
(sta 75:
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,
<geoCoordinate id="ACD505C304FEFF7DFE4BFE10744411C0" box="[495,598,477,503]" degrees="28" direction="west" minutes="30" orientation="longitude" pageId="174" pageNumber="175" precision="925" value="-28.5">28°30W</geoCoordinate>
,
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) in Azorean waters (no description was given). However, the existence of such specimen(s) could not be confirmed by H.L.
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF504FEFF7DFCC2FDCC75EA122C" author="Clark" box="[870,1016,512,539]" firstAuthor="Clark" pageId="174" pageNumber="175" refId="ref177414" refString="Clark, H. L. (1925) A catalogue of the Recent sea urchins (Echinoidea) in the British Museum (Natural History). Trustees of the British Museum and Oxford University Press, London, 250 pp." type="book" year="1925">Clark (1925)</bibRefCitation>
or
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF504FEFF7DFB85FDCC72EF122C" author="Mortensen" box="[1057,1277,512,539]" firstAuthor="Mortensen" pageId="174" pageNumber="175" refId="ref193260" refString="Mortensen, T. (1951 b) A Monograph of the Echinoidea. Vol. 2. Spatangoida II. Amphisternata II. Spatangidae, Loveniidae, Pericosmidae, Schizasteridae, Brissidae. C. A. Reitzel, Copenhagen, 593 pp." type="book" year="1951" yearSuffix="b">Mortensen (1951b)</bibRefCitation>
. Furthermore, the only other H.M.S.
<emphasis id="FB95BF1604FEFF7DFE34FDE8741C1208" box="[400,526,549,575]" italics="true" pageId="174" pageNumber="175">Challenger</emphasis>
specimen identified by
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF504FEFF7DFCB2FDE875D21208" author="Agassiz" box="[790,960,549,575]" firstAuthor="Agassiz" pageId="174" pageNumber="175" pagination="1 - 321" refId="ref171039" refString="Agassiz, A. (1881) Report on the Echinoidea dredged by H. M. S. Challenger 1873 - 76. Report on the Scientific Results of the Voyage of H. M. S. Challenger, Zoology, 3, 1 - 321." type="journal article" year="1881">Agassiz (1881)</bibRefCitation>
as belonging to this species (off
<collectingCountry id="B1F6239404FEFF7DFA88FDE873871277" box="[1324,1429,549,576]" name="Bermuda" pageId="174" pageNumber="175">Bermuda</collectingCountry>
) later proved to be a misidentification (see
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF504FEFF7DFDDDFD8475241254" author="Mortensen" box="[633,822,585,611]" firstAuthor="Mortensen" pageId="174" pageNumber="175" pagination="1 - 200" refId="ref192287" refString="Mortensen, T. (1907) Echinoidea (Part 2). In: The Danish Ingolf-Expedition 1895 - 1896. 4 (2). Bianco Luno, Copenhagen, pp. 1 - 200." type="book chapter" year="1907">Mortensen 1907</bibRefCitation>
). Thus, the presence in the Azores of
<taxonomicName id="0EE1188704FEFF7DFB41FD8473671254" authorityName="Muller" authorityYear="1776" box="[1253,1397,585,611]" class="Echinoidea" family="Spatangidae" genus="Spatangus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spatangoida" pageId="174" pageNumber="175" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="purpureus">
<emphasis id="FB95BF1604FEFF7DFB41FD8472E11254" box="[1253,1267,585,611]" italics="true" pageId="174" pageNumber="175">S</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="FB95BF1604FEFF7DFAA7FD8773671254" box="[1283,1397,586,611]" italics="true" pageId="174" pageNumber="175">purpureus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
remains unconfirmed.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>