203 lines
21 KiB
XML
203 lines
21 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="C5CB42372466653CA782E4D8D9611B09">The Echinoderm Fauna of the Azores (NE Atlantic Ocean)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="649DF48A2D29C219601B8ABB7E6821EF">Madeira, Patrícia</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="D3165592159FC3A053932FB500CE7EB5">Kroh, Andreas</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="813202AB677A18E0BE3FD54E3044E164">Cordeiro, Ricardo</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="4E04E1F190293EB10B2E701D9105B06F">De, António M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="DE60C4A1108BEDEDAB6A0E488D34E7FF">Martins, Frias</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="9081E27B11B28AA05A4767065B320A45">Ávila, Sérgio P.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="8CB5AE26DE9414394EA9532218FAA0D2">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="949FB3F2F77B8416F986EE1E15D84E81">
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<mods:date id="F56503FF504DEFF2ADC76829CE3C300C">2019</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="7308828DC2CD16BDD955AE7D9C7ACEE3">2019-07-19</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="F3B76424F4DF416F227002EE5931182D">4639</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="AF3A64FBB00BC60D7CBB8DD1FEF1C762" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4639.1</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="4148D21204FBFF78FF33FDCC76E51532" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5583498" ID-GBIF-Taxon="158725740" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5583498" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:4148D21204FBFF78FF33FDCC76E51532" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/4148D21204FBFF78FF33FDCC76E51532" lastPageNumber="172" pageId="171" pageNumber="172">
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<subSubSection id="81FB308F04FBFF78FF33FDCC757A122C" box="[151,872,512,539]" pageId="171" pageNumber="172" type="nomenclature">
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||
<paragraph id="C95E630404FBFF78FF33FDCC757A122C" blockId="171.[151,872,512,539]" box="[151,872,512,539]" pageId="171" pageNumber="172">
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<heading id="9216D46804FBFF78FF33FDCC757A122C" bold="true" box="[151,872,512,539]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="171" pageNumber="172" reason="1">
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||
<emphasis id="FB95BF1604FBFF78FF33FDCC757A122C" bold="true" box="[151,872,512,539]" pageId="171" pageNumber="172">
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Erroneous—
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<taxonomicName id="0EE1188704FBFF78FE95FDCD757A122C" ID-CoL="7H4FL" authority="lucunter (Linnaeus, 1758)" authorityName="lucunter (Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[305,872,512,539]" class="Echinoidea" family="Echinometridae" genus="Echinometra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Camarodonta" pageId="171" pageNumber="172" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="subSpecies" species="lucunter" subSpecies="lucunter">
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<emphasis id="FB95BF1604FBFF78FE95FDCD7488122C" bold="true" box="[305,666,512,539]" italics="true" pageId="171" pageNumber="172">Echinometra lucunter lucunter</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF504FBFF78FD0EFDCD754D122C" author="Linnaeus" box="[682,863,512,539]" firstAuthor="Linnaeus" pageId="171" pageNumber="172" refId="ref187346" refString="Linnaeus, C. (1758) Systema Naturae. 1. 10 th Edition. Impensis Direct. Laurentii Salvii, Holmiae, 824 pp." type="book" year="1758">Linnaeus, 1758</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="81FB308F04FBFF78FF33FD887781126A" box="[151,403,580,605]" pageId="171" pageNumber="172" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="C95E630404FBFF78FF33FD887781126A" blockId="171.[151,769,580,636]" box="[151,403,580,605]" pageId="171" pageNumber="172">
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<heading id="9216D46804FBFF78FF33FD887781126A" bold="true" box="[151,403,580,605]" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="171" pageNumber="172" reason="2">
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<emphasis id="FB95BF1604FBFF78FF33FD887781126A" bold="true" box="[151,403,580,605]" pageId="171" pageNumber="172">
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Reports for the
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<collectingRegion id="0B25ADE604FBFF78FEE4FD89779C126A" box="[320,398,580,605]" country="Portugal" name="Acores" pageId="171" pageNumber="172">Azores</collectingRegion>
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:
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="81FB308F04FBFF78FF33FDA97513124B" box="[151,769,611,636]" pageId="171" pageNumber="172" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="C95E630404FBFF78FF33FDA97513124B" blockId="171.[151,769,580,636]" box="[151,769,611,636]" pageId="171" pageNumber="172">
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<taxonomicName id="0EE1188704FBFF78FF33FDA974EF124B" ID-CoL="VBDZ" authority="Desmoulins-Agassiz 1872: 234" authorityName="Desmoulins-Agassiz" authorityPageNumber="234" authorityYear="1872" box="[151,765,611,636]" class="Echinoidea" family="Echinometridae" genus="Echinometra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Camarodonta" pageId="171" pageNumber="172" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="subangularis">
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<emphasis id="FB95BF1604FBFF78FF33FDA977B6124B" box="[151,420,612,636]" italics="true" pageId="171" pageNumber="172">Echinometra subangularis</emphasis>
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Desmoulins—Agassiz 1872: 234
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="81FB308F04FBFF78FF33FD6476E51532" pageId="171" pageNumber="172" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="C95E630404FBFF78FF33FD64755612DF" blockId="171.[151,1437,681,1285]" pageId="171" pageNumber="172">
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<emphasis id="FB95BF1604FBFF78FF33FD6476DB12F3" bold="true" box="[151,201,681,708]" pageId="171" pageNumber="172">See:</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF504FBFF78FF74FD66740312F3" author="Mortensen" box="[208,529,681,709]" firstAuthor="Mortensen" pageId="171" pageNumber="172" refId="ref193059" refString="Mortensen, T. (1943 a) A Monograph of the Echinoidea. III. 3. Camarodonta. II. Echinidae, Strongylocentrotidae, Parasaleniidae, Echinometridae. C. A. Reitzel, Copenhagen, 446 pp." type="book" year="1943" yearSuffix="a">Mortensen (1943a: 357–368</bibRefCitation>
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, figs. 172–175, pl. 41, figs. 1–5, pl. 42, figs. 12–14, pl. 43, figs. 1–13, pl. 44, fig. 9, pl. 64, figs. 17, 20–24);
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<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF504FBFF78FE65FD0274AA12DF" author="Pawson" box="[449,696,718,745]" firstAuthor="Pawson" pageId="171" pageNumber="172" pagination="1 - 31" refId="ref195146" refString="Pawson, D. L. (1978) The Echinoderm Fauna of Ascension Island, South Atlantic Ocean. Smithsonian Contributions to the Marine Sciences, 2, 1 - 31. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 01960768.2.1" type="journal article" year="1978">Pawson (1978: 20–23</bibRefCitation>
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, figs. 8–10).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="C95E630404FBFF78FF63FD3C75C71363" blockId="171.[151,1437,681,1285]" pageId="171" pageNumber="172">
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<emphasis id="FB95BF1604FBFF78FF63FD3C774E133B" bold="true" box="[199,348,753,780]" pageId="171" pageNumber="172">Occurrence:</emphasis>
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Atlantic, from North Carolina and
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<collectingCountry id="B1F6239404FBFF78FD5DFD3F7571133B" box="[761,867,754,780]" name="Bermuda" pageId="171" pageNumber="172">Bermuda</collectingCountry>
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, southwards to
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<collectingCountry id="B1F6239404FBFF78FBBEFD3F724C133B" box="[1050,1118,754,780]" name="Brazil" pageId="171" pageNumber="172">Brazil</collectingCountry>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF504FBFF78FBCBFD3F7328133B" author="Mortensen" box="[1135,1338,754,780]" firstAuthor="Mortensen" pageId="171" pageNumber="172" refId="ref193059" refString="Mortensen, T. (1943 a) A Monograph of the Echinoidea. III. 3. Camarodonta. II. Echinidae, Strongylocentrotidae, Parasaleniidae, Echinometridae. C. A. Reitzel, Copenhagen, 446 pp." type="book" year="1943" yearSuffix="a">Mortensen 1943a</bibRefCitation>
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, Schultz 2006), and eastwards from
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<collectingCountry id="B1F6239404FBFF78FE69FCDB74401307" box="[461,594,790,816]" name="Cape Verde" pageId="171" pageNumber="172">Cape Verde</collectingCountry>
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to
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<collectingCountry id="B1F6239404FBFF78FDDCFCDB74D81307" box="[632,714,790,816]" name="Angola" pageId="171" pageNumber="172">Angola</collectingCountry>
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(H.L.
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<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF504FBFF78FCB3FCDB758A1307" author="Clark" box="[791,920,789,816]" firstAuthor="Clark" pageId="171" pageNumber="172" refId="ref177414" refString="Clark, H. L. (1925) A catalogue of the Recent sea urchins (Echinoidea) in the British Museum (Natural History). Trustees of the British Museum and Oxford University Press, London, 250 pp." type="book" year="1925">Clark 1925</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF504FBFF78FC00FCDA72721306" author="Mortensen" box="[932,1120,790,817]" firstAuthor="Mortensen" pageId="171" pageNumber="172" pagination="199 - 348" refId="ref192861" refString="Mortensen, T. (1936) Echinoidea and Ophiuroidea. Discovery Reports, 12, 199 - 348. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 8051" type="journal article" year="1936">Mortensen 1936</bibRefCitation>
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); the subspecies
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<taxonomicName id="0EE1188704FBFF78FABBFCDA76EE1363" authorityName="Pawson" authorityYear="1978" class="Echinoidea" family="Echinometridae" genus="Echinometra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Camarodonta" pageId="171" pageNumber="172" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="subSpecies" species="lucunter" subSpecies="polypora">
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<emphasis id="FB95BF1604FBFF78FABBFCDA76EE1363" italics="true" pageId="171" pageNumber="172">E. lucunter polypora</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is restricted to
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<collectingCountry id="B1F6239404FBFF78FE0DFCF774DA1363" box="[425,712,826,852]" name="Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha" pageId="171" pageNumber="172">Ascension and St. Helena</collectingCountry>
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islands (
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<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF504FBFF78FC88FCF775DA1363" author="Pawson" box="[812,968,826,852]" firstAuthor="Pawson" pageId="171" pageNumber="172" pagination="1 - 31" refId="ref195146" refString="Pawson, D. L. (1978) The Echinoderm Fauna of Ascension Island, South Atlantic Ocean. Smithsonian Contributions to the Marine Sciences, 2, 1 - 31. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 01960768.2.1" type="journal article" year="1978">Pawson 1978</bibRefCitation>
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||
).
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="C95E630404FBFF78FF63FC937448134F" blockId="171.[151,1437,681,1285]" box="[199,602,861,889]" pageId="171" pageNumber="172">
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||
<emphasis id="FB95BF1604FBFF78FF63FC937708134F" bold="true" box="[199,282,862,888]" pageId="171" pageNumber="172">Depth:</emphasis>
|
||
<quantity id="0E19CEE104FBFF78FE85FC907764134E" box="[289,374,861,889]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.25" metricValueMax="4.5" metricValueMin="0.0" pageId="171" pageNumber="172" unit="m" value="22.5" valueMax="45.0" valueMin="0.0">0–45 m</quantity>
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||
(
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||
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF504FBFF78FE20FC93745F134F" author="Mortensen" box="[388,589,862,888]" firstAuthor="Mortensen" pageId="171" pageNumber="172" refId="ref193059" refString="Mortensen, T. (1943 a) A Monograph of the Echinoidea. III. 3. Camarodonta. II. Echinidae, Strongylocentrotidae, Parasaleniidae, Echinometridae. C. A. Reitzel, Copenhagen, 446 pp." type="book" year="1943" yearSuffix="a">Mortensen 1943a</bibRefCitation>
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||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="C95E630404FBFF78FF63FC4C752B13AB" blockId="171.[151,1437,681,1285]" box="[199,825,897,925]" pageId="171" pageNumber="172">
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||
<emphasis id="FB95BF1604FBFF78FF63FC4C773E13AB" bold="true" box="[199,300,897,924]" pageId="171" pageNumber="172">Habitat:</emphasis>
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hard substrates (bioeroder;
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||
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF504FBFF78FDC1FC4E753E13AB" author="Mortensen" box="[613,812,898,925]" firstAuthor="Mortensen" pageId="171" pageNumber="172" refId="ref193059" refString="Mortensen, T. (1943 a) A Monograph of the Echinoidea. III. 3. Camarodonta. II. Echinidae, Strongylocentrotidae, Parasaleniidae, Echinometridae. C. A. Reitzel, Copenhagen, 446 pp." type="book" year="1943" yearSuffix="a">Mortensen 1943a</bibRefCitation>
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||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="C95E630404FBFF78FF63FC6B74F513F7" blockId="171.[151,1437,681,1285]" box="[199,743,934,960]" pageId="171" pageNumber="172">
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<emphasis id="FB95BF1604FBFF78FF63FC6B777713F7" bold="true" box="[199,357,934,960]" pageId="171" pageNumber="172">Larval stage:</emphasis>
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planktotrophic (
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<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF504FBFF78FDBAFC6B74C813F7" author="Mortensen" box="[542,730,934,960]" firstAuthor="Mortensen" pageId="171" pageNumber="172" refId="ref192436" refString="Mortensen, T. (1921) Studies of the Development and Larval Forms of Echinoderms. G. E. C. Gad, Copenhagen, 294 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 11376" type="book" year="1921">Mortensen 1921</bibRefCitation>
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||
).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="C95E630404FBFF78FF63FC0474B3141B" blockId="171.[151,1437,681,1285]" pageId="171" pageNumber="172">
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<emphasis id="FB95BF1604FBFF78FF63FC04777813D3" bold="true" box="[199,362,969,996]" pageId="171" pageNumber="172">Fossil record:</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="FB95BF1604FBFF78FED4FC07744113D3" box="[368,595,970,996]" italics="true" pageId="171" pageNumber="172">Ericichnus bromleyi</emphasis>
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, a relatively recent described ichnospecies portraying groove-borings found in a Pliocene fossiliferous outcrop in Malbusca (Santa Maria Island) is thought to be made by the sea urchin
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0EE1188704FBFF78FF33FBDF779E141B" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[151,396,1042,1068]" class="Echinoidea" family="Echinometridae" genus="Echinometra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Camarodonta" pageId="171" pageNumber="172" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="lucunter">
|
||
<emphasis id="FB95BF1604FBFF78FF33FBDF779E141B" box="[151,396,1042,1068]" italics="true" pageId="171" pageNumber="172">Echinometra lucunter</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF504FBFF78FE63FBDF7487141B" author="Santos" box="[455,661,1041,1068]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Santos" pageId="171" pageNumber="172" pagination="1 - 14" refId="ref199355" refString="Santos, A., Mayoral, E., Dumont, C. P., da Silva, C. M., Avila, S. P., Gudveig Baarli, B., Cach " o, M., Johnson, M. E. & Ramalho, R. S. (2015) Role of environmental change in rock-boring echinoid trace fossils. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 432, 1 - 14. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. palaeo. 2015.04.029" type="journal article" year="2015">
|
||
Santos
|
||
<emphasis id="FB95BF1604FBFF78FDBDFBDE7443141B" box="[537,593,1042,1068]" italics="true" pageId="171" pageNumber="172">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2015
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="C95E630404FBFF78FF63FBF874D61467" blockId="171.[151,1437,681,1285]" box="[199,708,1077,1104]" pageId="171" pageNumber="172">
|
||
<emphasis id="FB95BF1604FBFF78FF63FBF877B81467" bold="true" box="[199,426,1077,1104]" pageId="171" pageNumber="172">Commercial value:</emphasis>
|
||
edible (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF504FBFF78FDA0FBFB74AB1467" author="Lawrence" box="[516,697,1078,1104]" firstAuthor="Lawrence" pageId="171" pageNumber="172" refId="ref187120" refString="Lawrence, J. M. (2007) Edible Sea Urchins: Biology and Ecology. Elsevier, Boston, 380 pp." type="book" year="2007">Lawrence 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="C95E630404FBFF78FF63FB9776E51532" blockId="171.[151,1437,681,1285]" pageId="171" pageNumber="172">
|
||
<emphasis id="FB95BF1604FBFF78FF63FB97772F1443" bold="true" box="[199,317,1114,1140]" pageId="171" pageNumber="172">Remarks:</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF504FBFF78FEE1FB9777E21443" author="Agassiz" box="[325,496,1114,1140]" firstAuthor="Agassiz" pageId="171" pageNumber="172" pagination="1 - 762" refId="ref170857" refString="Agassiz, A. (1872 - 1874) Revision of the Echini. Illustrated catalogue of the Museum of Comparative Zo ˆ logy at Harvard College, 7 (1 - 4), 1 - 762." type="journal article" year="1872">Agassiz (1872)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
listed the
|
||
<collectingRegion id="0B25ADE604FBFF78FDC1FB9774A61443" box="[613,692,1114,1140]" country="Portugal" name="Acores" pageId="171" pageNumber="172">Azores</collectingRegion>
|
||
under the geographical range of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0EE1188704FBFF78FB8FFB9773331443" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[1067,1313,1114,1140]" class="Echinoidea" family="Echinometridae" genus="Echinometra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Camarodonta" pageId="171" pageNumber="172" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="lucunter">
|
||
<emphasis id="FB95BF1604FBFF78FB8FFB9773331443" box="[1067,1313,1114,1140]" italics="true" pageId="171" pageNumber="172">Echinometra lucunter</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(under the name
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0EE1188704FBFF78FF78FBB3741514AF" authorityName="Desmoulins-Agassiz" authorityYear="1872" box="[220,519,1150,1176]" class="Echinoidea" family="Echinometridae" genus="Echinometra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Camarodonta" pageId="171" pageNumber="172" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="subangularis">
|
||
<emphasis id="FB95BF1604FBFF78FF78FBB3741514AF" box="[220,519,1150,1176]" italics="true" pageId="171" pageNumber="172">Echinometra subangularis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), which is clearly a misprint. The author never mentioned the archipelago again, whether listing the examined specimens’ locations or discussing the distribution range for this species. This tropical species does not occur in the present-day shallow waters of the
|
||
<collectingRegion id="0B25ADE604FBFF78FCC0FB0B75A114D7" box="[868,947,1222,1248]" country="Portugal" name="Acores" pageId="171" pageNumber="172">Azores</collectingRegion>
|
||
and no specimens were ever reported from the area.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |