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<document id="9A73D65BA543504B93704453A80EC731" ID-CLB-Dataset="26164" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4639.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="812e0570-38c6-4f6e-840c-7d52d87a8c12" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-PMC="PMC6910866" ID-PubMed="31712455" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3342161" ID-ZooBank="B1690E30-EC81-46D3-881D-97648DDC7745" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1563526566144" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Madeira, Patrícia, Kroh, Andreas, Cordeiro, Ricardo, De, António M., Martins, Frias &amp; Ávila, Sérgio P." docDate="2019" docId="4148D21204F8FF7AFF33F91A728F1254" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4639.1.1.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4639 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Leptasterias (Hexasterias) polaris" docType="treatment" docVersion="15" lastPageNumber="170" masterDocId="BD71AA6A0450FFD3FFA4FFCD76121037" masterDocTitle="The Echinoderm Fauna of the Azores (NE Atlantic Ocean)" masterLastPageNumber="231" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="169" updateTime="1698685128211" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:title id="D975F25EECE1A198098AECF6CC26DB70">The Echinoderm Fauna of the Azores (NE Atlantic Ocean)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="1CA544BA96C5EE50BA833CC4653D4164">Kroh, Andreas</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="B1393695FAF6224A2ACC4622D28C58F6">Cordeiro, Ricardo</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="91FCF70141F28EE6B2D3B825F922AC5B">De, António M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="25148DFAF8BC5B12935F16CB4FB988E1">Martins, Frias</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="11A6E8DECD0E0DFC02765DE2D431F9CE">Ávila, Sérgio P.</mods:namePart>
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<subSubSection id="81FB308F04F8FF7BFF33F91A75E016C6" box="[151,1010,1750,1777]" pageId="168" pageNumber="169" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="C95E630404F8FF7BFF33F91A75E016C6" blockId="168.[151,1010,1750,1777]" box="[151,1010,1750,1777]" pageId="168" pageNumber="169">
<heading id="9216D46804F8FF7BFF33F91A75E016C6" bold="true" box="[151,1010,1750,1777]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="168" pageNumber="169" reason="1">
<emphasis id="FB95BF1604F8FF7BFF33F91A75E016C6" bold="true" box="[151,1010,1750,1777]" pageId="168" pageNumber="169">
Erroneous—
<taxonomicName id="0EE1188704F8FF7BFE95F91A75E016C6" ID-CoL="3THWL" ID-ENA="59564" authority="(Muller &amp; Troschel, 1842)" baseAuthorityName="Muller &amp; Troschel" baseAuthorityYear="1842" box="[305,1010,1750,1777]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asteriidae" genus="Leptasterias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Forcipulatida" pageId="168" pageNumber="169" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="polaris" subGenus="Hexasterias">
<emphasis id="FB95BF1604F8FF7BFE95F91A77AF16C6" bold="true" box="[305,445,1751,1777]" italics="true" pageId="168" pageNumber="169">Leptasterias</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="FB95BF1604F8FF7BFE69F91A744416C6" bold="true" box="[461,598,1751,1777]" italics="true" pageId="168" pageNumber="169">Hexasterias</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="FB95BF1604F8FF7BFDC2F91B74A716C6" bold="true" box="[614,693,1750,1777]" italics="true" pageId="168" pageNumber="169">polaris</emphasis>
(Müller &amp;
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF504F8FF7BFC99F91A75F816C6" author="Troschel, F. H." box="[829,1002,1750,1777]" pageId="168" pageNumber="169" refId="ref193638" refString="M ʾ ller, J. &amp; Troschel, F. H. (1842) System der Asteriden. Vieweg und Sohn, Braunschweig, xxx + 134 pp." type="book" year="1842">Troschel, 1842</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
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<heading id="9216D46804F8FF7BFF33F8D177811703" bold="true" box="[151,403,1819,1844]" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="168" pageNumber="169" reason="2">
<emphasis id="FB95BF1604F8FF7BFF33F8D177811703" bold="true" box="[151,403,1819,1844]" pageId="168" pageNumber="169">
Reports for the
<collectingRegion id="0B25ADE604F8FF7BFEE4F8D6779C1703" box="[320,398,1819,1844]" country="Portugal" name="Acores" pageId="168" pageNumber="169">Azores</collectingRegion>
:
</emphasis>
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<paragraph id="C95E630404F8FF7BFF33F8F675C81765" blockId="168.[151,1437,1819,2014]" box="[151,986,1849,1874]" pageId="168" pageNumber="169">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="E9F1442A04F8FF7BFF33F8F675C81765" box="[151,986,1849,1874]" pageId="168" pageNumber="169">
<taxonomicName id="0EE1188704F8FF7BFF33F8F677E11765" ID-CoL="3THWL" baseAuthorityName="Muller &amp; Troschel" baseAuthorityYear="1842" box="[151,499,1850,1874]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asteriidae" genus="Leptasterias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Forcipulatida" pageId="168" pageNumber="169" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="polaris" subGenus="Hexasterias">
<emphasis id="FB95BF1604F8FF7BFF33F8F677E11765" box="[151,499,1850,1874]" italics="true" pageId="168" pageNumber="169">Leptasterias (Hexasterias) polaris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF504F8FF7BFDA5F8F474EE1765" author="Troschel, F. H." box="[513,764,1849,1874]" firstAuthor="M ʾ ller" pageId="168" pageNumber="169" refId="ref193638" refString="M ʾ ller, J. &amp; Troschel, F. H. (1842) System der Asteriden. Vieweg und Sohn, Braunschweig, xxx + 134 pp." type="book" year="1842">M̹ller &amp; Troschel, 1842</bibRefCitation>
)—
<treatmentCitation id="4840451504F8FF7BFCB9F8F475C41765" author="Pereira, M." box="[797,982,1849,1874]" page="336" pageId="168" pageNumber="169" year="1997">
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF504F8FF7BFCB9F8F475C41765" author="Pereira" box="[797,982,1849,1874]" firstAuthor="Pereira" pageId="168" pageNumber="169" pagination="331 - 337" refId="ref195814" refString="Pereira, M. (1997) Checklist of the littoral echinoderms of the Azores. Acoreana, 8 (3), 331 - 337." type="journal article" year="1997">Pereira 1997: 336</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
;
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C95E630404F8FF7BFF33F89475B11746" blockId="168.[151,1437,1819,2014]" box="[151,931,1880,1905]" pageId="168" pageNumber="169">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="E9F1442A04F8FF7BFF33F89475B11746" box="[151,931,1880,1905]" pageId="168" pageNumber="169">
<taxonomicName id="0EE1188704F8FF7BFF33F89477711746" ID-CoL="3THWL" baseAuthorityName="Muller &amp; Troschel" baseAuthorityYear="1842" box="[151,355,1881,1905]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asteriidae" genus="Leptasterias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Forcipulatida" pageId="168" pageNumber="169" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="polaris">
<emphasis id="FB95BF1604F8FF7BFF33F89477711746" box="[151,355,1881,1905]" italics="true" pageId="168" pageNumber="169">Leptasterias polaris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF504F8FF7BFED5F895747E1746" author="Troschel, F. H." box="[369,620,1880,1905]" firstAuthor="M ʾ ller" pageId="168" pageNumber="169" refId="ref193638" refString="M ʾ ller, J. &amp; Troschel, F. H. (1842) System der Asteriden. Vieweg und Sohn, Braunschweig, xxx + 134 pp." type="book" year="1842">M̹ller &amp; Troschel, 1842</bibRefCitation>
)—
<treatmentCitation id="4840451504F8FF7BFD29F895758D1746" author="Micael, J. &amp; Costa A. C." box="[653,927,1880,1905]" page="321" pageId="168" pageNumber="169" year="2010">
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF504F8FF7BFD29F895758D1746" author="Micael &amp; Costa" box="[653,927,1880,1905]" firstAuthor="Micael" pageId="168" pageNumber="169" pagination="321 - 323" refId="ref190649" refString="Micael, J. &amp; Costa A. C. (2010) Echinodermata. In: Borges, P. A. V., Costa, A., Cunha, R., Gabriel, R., Goncalves, V., Martins, A. F., Melo, I., Parente, M., Raposeiro, P., Rodrigues, P., Santos, R. S., Silva, L., Vieira, P. &amp; Vieira, V. (Eds.), A list of the terrestrial and marine biota from the Azores. Principia, Oeiras, pp. 321 - 323." type="book chapter" year="2010">
Micael &amp;
<collectingRegion id="0B25ADE604F8FF7BFD52F89475221746" box="[758,816,1881,1905]" country="New Zealand" name="West Coast" pageId="168" pageNumber="169">Costa</collectingRegion>
2010: 321
</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="81FB308F04F8FF7AFF33F8B6728F1254" lastPageId="169" lastPageNumber="170" pageId="168" pageNumber="169" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="C95E630404F8FF7BFF33F8B677AF17A2" blockId="168.[151,1437,1819,2014]" box="[151,445,1914,1941]" pageId="168" pageNumber="169">
<materialsCitation id="7989695904F8FF7BFF33F8B677AA17A2" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2284837906" box="[151,440,1914,1941]" country="Greenland" location="Greenland" pageId="168" pageNumber="169" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis id="FB95BF1604F8FF7BFF33F8B6772B17A2" bold="true" box="[151,313,1914,1941]" pageId="168" pageNumber="169">
<typeStatus id="165ADDA604F8FF7BFF33F8B676C017A2" box="[151,210,1915,1941]" pageId="168" pageNumber="169">Type</typeStatus>
locality:
</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="B1F6239404F8FF7BFEE4F8B677AA17A2" box="[320,440,1915,1941]" name="Greenland" pageId="168" pageNumber="169">Greenland</collectingCountry>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C95E630404F8FF7BFF63F85377D217EA" blockId="168.[151,1437,1819,2014]" pageId="168" pageNumber="169">
<emphasis id="FB95BF1604F8FF7BFF63F85376EB178E" bold="true" box="[199,249,1950,1977]" pageId="168" pageNumber="169">See:</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF504F8FF7BFEA6F85277F9178E" author="Fisher" box="[258,491,1951,1977]" firstAuthor="Fisher" pageId="168" pageNumber="169" pagination="1 - 356" refId="ref180862" refString="Fisher, W. K. (1930) Asteroidea of the North Pacific and Adjacent Waters, Part. 3: Forcipulata (concluded). Bulletin of the United States National Museum, 76, 1 - 356. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 03629236.76.3" type="journal article" year="1930">Fisher (1930: 6061</bibRefCitation>
, pl. 30, figs. 1, 1ac, 2, 2a2d, pl. 32, figs. 3, 3a, pl. 35, figs. 13); A.M.
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF504F8FF7BFA9BF85277AE17EA" author="Clark &amp; Downey" firstAuthor="Clark" pageId="168" pageNumber="169" refId="ref176986" refString="Clark, A. M. &amp; Downey, M. E. (1992) Starfishes of the Atlantic. Natural History Museum Publications. Chapman &amp; Hall, London, 794 pp." type="book" year="1992">Clark &amp; Downey (1992: 441442)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C95E630404F9FF7AFF63FF55743C10E0" blockId="169.[151,1436,152,611]" pageId="169" pageNumber="170">
<emphasis id="FB95BF1604F9FF7AFF63FF55774E1084" bold="true" box="[199,348,152,179]" pageId="169" pageNumber="170">Occurrence:</emphasis>
circumpolar Arctic; in the Atlantic, from Labrador and
<collectingCountry id="B1F6239404F9FF7AFC62FF5572291085" box="[966,1083,152,178]" name="Greenland" pageId="169" pageNumber="170">Greenland</collectingCountry>
south to Georges Bank (
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF504F9FF7AFAF0FF5576C010E0" author="Fisher" firstAuthor="Fisher" pageId="169" pageNumber="170" pagination="1 - 356" refId="ref180862" refString="Fisher, W. K. (1930) Asteroidea of the North Pacific and Adjacent Waters, Part. 3: Forcipulata (concluded). Bulletin of the United States National Museum, 76, 1 - 356. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 03629236.76.3" type="journal article" year="1930">Fisher 1930</bibRefCitation>
, A.M.
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF504F9FF7AFEBAFF71743010E0" author="Clark &amp; Downey" box="[286,546,188,215]" firstAuthor="Clark" pageId="169" pageNumber="170" refId="ref176986" refString="Clark, A. M. &amp; Downey, M. E. (1992) Starfishes of the Atlantic. Natural History Museum Publications. Chapman &amp; Hall, London, 794 pp." type="book" year="1992">Clark &amp; Downey 1992</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C95E630404F9FF7AFF63FF2C74F410CC" blockId="169.[151,1436,152,611]" box="[199,742,224,251]" pageId="169" pageNumber="170">
<emphasis id="FB95BF1604F9FF7AFF63FF2C770810CC" bold="true" box="[199,282,225,251]" pageId="169" pageNumber="170">Depth:</emphasis>
<quantity id="0E19CEE104F9FF7AFE85FF2D779610CC" box="[289,388,224,251]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8" metricValueMax="3.6" metricValueMin="0.0" pageId="169" pageNumber="170" unit="m" value="180.0" valueMax="360.0" valueMin="0.0">0360 m</quantity>
(A.M.
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF504F9FF7AFE72FF2D74C810CC" author="Clark &amp; Downey" box="[470,730,224,251]" firstAuthor="Clark" pageId="169" pageNumber="170" refId="ref176986" refString="Clark, A. M. &amp; Downey, M. E. (1992) Starfishes of the Atlantic. Natural History Museum Publications. Chapman &amp; Hall, London, 794 pp." type="book" year="1992">Clark &amp; Downey 1992</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C95E630404F9FF7AFF63FEC9732D1174" blockId="169.[151,1436,152,611]" pageId="169" pageNumber="170">
<emphasis id="FB95BF1604F9FF7AFF63FEC9773E1128" bold="true" box="[199,300,260,287]" pageId="169" pageNumber="170">Habitat:</emphasis>
juveniles and small adults can be found on rocky substrates in shallow water, below lowest water of spring tides; large adults occupy cobble to sandy and muddy areas at greater depths (
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF504F9FF7AFBEFFEE573201174" author="Rochette" box="[1099,1330,296,323]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Rochette" pageId="169" pageNumber="170" pagination="93 - 100" refId="ref198672" refString="Rochette, R., Hamel, J. - F. &amp; Himmelman, J. H. (1994) Foraging strategy of the asteroid Leptasterias polaris: role of prey odors, current and feeding status. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 106, 93 - 100. https: // doi. org / 10.3354 / meps 106093" type="journal article" year="1994">
Rochette
<emphasis id="FB95BF1604F9FF7AFB13FEE472FB1175" box="[1207,1257,296,322]" italics="true" pageId="169" pageNumber="170">et al</emphasis>
. 1994
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C95E630404F9FF7AFF63FE8074EA1150" blockId="169.[151,1436,152,611]" box="[199,760,332,359]" pageId="169" pageNumber="170">
<emphasis id="FB95BF1604F9FF7AFF63FE8077771150" bold="true" box="[199,357,333,359]" pageId="169" pageNumber="170">Larval stage:</emphasis>
brooding (
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF504F9FF7AFE44FE8174FE1150" author="Hamel &amp; Mercier" box="[480,748,332,359]" firstAuthor="Hamel" pageId="169" pageNumber="170" pagination="32 - 45" refId="ref183372" refString="Hamel, J. F. &amp; Mercier, A. (1995) Prespawning behavior, spawning, and development of brooding starfish Leptasterias polaris. Biological Bulletin, 188 (1), 32 - 45. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 1542065" type="journal article" year="1995">Hamel &amp; Mercier 1995</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C95E630404F9FF7AFF63FEBC728F1254" blockId="169.[151,1436,152,611]" pageId="169" pageNumber="170">
<emphasis id="FB95BF1604F9FF7AFF63FEBC772F11BC" bold="true" box="[199,317,369,395]" pageId="169" pageNumber="170">Remarks:</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF504F9FF7AFEE2FEBD77E011BC" author="Perrier" box="[326,498,368,395]" firstAuthor="Perrier" pageId="169" pageNumber="170" pagination="1 - 571" refId="ref197296" refString="Perrier, M. E. (1896 a) Contribution a l'etude des stellerides de l'Atlantique Nord (Golfe de Gascogne, Acores, Terre-Neuve). Resultats Des Campagnes Scientifiques Accomplies Par Le Prince Albert I, Monaco, 11, 1 - 571." type="journal article" year="1896" yearSuffix="a">Perrier (1896a)</bibRefCitation>
reported
<taxonomicName id="0EE1188704F9FF7AFDC6FEBC74C211BD" baseAuthorityName="Muller &amp; Troschel" baseAuthorityYear="1842" box="[610,720,368,394]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asteriidae" genus="Leptasterias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Forcipulatida" pageId="169" pageNumber="170" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="polaris">
<emphasis id="FB95BF1604F9FF7AFDC6FEBC74C211BD" box="[610,720,368,394]" italics="true" pageId="169" pageNumber="170">L. polaris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(as
<taxonomicName id="0EE1188704F9FF7AFCA7FEBC75A511BD" authorityName="Sabine" authorityYear="1824" box="[771,951,368,395]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asteriidae" genus="Asterias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Forcipulatida" pageId="169" pageNumber="170" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="polaris">
<emphasis id="FB95BF1604F9FF7AFCA7FEBC75A511BD" box="[771,951,368,395]" italics="true" pageId="169" pageNumber="170">Asterias polaris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) from the Azorean rocky intertidal, which later
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF504F9FF7AFF74FE59776F1198" author="Koehler" box="[208,381,404,431]" firstAuthor="Koehler" pageId="169" pageNumber="170" refId="ref186123" refString="Koehler, R. (1924) Les echinodermes des mers d'Europe. Encyclopedie Scientifique. Tome I. Libraire Octave Doin, Paris, XIII + 361 pp." type="book" year="1924">Koehler (1924)</bibRefCitation>
re-identifed to
<taxonomicName id="0EE1188704F9FF7AFD88FE5874C91199" authorityName="? Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[556,731,404,431]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asteriidae" genus="Asterias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Forcipulatida" pageId="169" pageNumber="170" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="rubens">
<emphasis id="FB95BF1604F9FF7AFD88FE5874C91199" box="[556,731,404,431]" italics="true" pageId="169" pageNumber="170">Asterias rubens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Later references of this species to the archipelago were based on Perriers original report. Nonetheless, the sea surface temperatures in the
<collectingRegion id="0B25ADE604F9FF7AFC51FE74725611E4" box="[1013,1092,441,467]" country="Portugal" name="Acores" pageId="169" pageNumber="170">Azores</collectingRegion>
reach an average minimum of 14°C in the winter (
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF504F9FF7AFED5FE1174B411C0" author="Bashmachnikov" box="[369,678,476,503]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Bashmachnikov" pageId="169" pageNumber="170" pagination="19 - 32" refId="ref173316" refString="Bashmachnikov, I., Lafon, V. &amp; Martins, A. (2004) Sea surface temperature distribution in the Azores region. Part II: space-time variability and underlying mechanisms. Arquipelago. Life and Marine Sciences, 21 A, 19 - 32." type="journal article" year="2004">
Bashmachnikov
<emphasis id="FB95BF1604F9FF7AFD8AFE10744D11C1" box="[558,607,476,502]" italics="true" pageId="169" pageNumber="170">et al</emphasis>
. 2004
</bibRefCitation>
) clearly providing an inhospitable environment far too warm to sustain a viable population of this Arctic species (see
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF504F9FF7AFD63FDCD75C2122C" author="Hamel &amp; Mercier" box="[711,976,512,539]" firstAuthor="Hamel" pageId="169" pageNumber="170" pagination="32 - 45" refId="ref183372" refString="Hamel, J. F. &amp; Mercier, A. (1995) Prespawning behavior, spawning, and development of brooding starfish Leptasterias polaris. Biological Bulletin, 188 (1), 32 - 45. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 1542065" type="journal article" year="1995">Hamel &amp; Mercier 1995</bibRefCitation>
). The same conclusion can be reached on the possible presence of
<taxonomicName id="0EE1188704F9FF7AFE0DFDE874221209" baseAuthorityName="Bruzelius" baseAuthorityYear="1805" box="[425,560,549,575]" class="Asteroidea" family="Ctenodiscidae" genus="Ctenodiscus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Paxillosida" pageId="169" pageNumber="170" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="crispatus">
<emphasis id="FB95BF1604F9FF7AFE0DFDE877AE1208" box="[425,444,549,575]" italics="true" pageId="169" pageNumber="170">C</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="FB95BF1604F9FF7AFE6DFDE874221209" box="[457,560,549,574]" italics="true" pageId="169" pageNumber="170">crispatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in the archipelago,
<emphasis id="FB95BF1604F9FF7AFCA8FDE8753C1209" box="[780,814,549,574]" italics="true" pageId="169" pageNumber="170">i.e.</emphasis>
it is unlikely that this stenothermal boreo-arctic species (see
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF504F9FF7AFF6FFD8577981254" author="Shick" box="[203,394,584,611]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Shick" pageId="169" pageNumber="170" pagination="51 - 66" refId="ref200076" refString="Shick, J. M., Taylor, W. F. &amp; Lamb, A. N. (1981) Reproduction and genetic variation in the deposit-feeding sea star Ctenodiscus crispatus. Marine Biology, 63 (1), 51 - 66. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / BF 00394662" type="journal article" year="1981">
Shick
<emphasis id="FB95BF1604F9FF7AFEB6FD8477511255" box="[274,323,584,610]" italics="true" pageId="169" pageNumber="170">et al</emphasis>
. 1981
</bibRefCitation>
) could maintain a viable population in the rocky shores of the
<collectingRegion id="0B25ADE604F9FF7AFBE2FD84728B1254" box="[1094,1177,585,611]" country="Portugal" name="Acores" pageId="169" pageNumber="170">Azores</collectingRegion>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>