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<document id="FE36EFCE98E6815A35DB478F8190C2DE" ID-CLB-Dataset="26164" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4639.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="812e0570-38c6-4f6e-840c-7d52d87a8c12" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-PMC="PMC6910866" ID-PubMed="31712455" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3342161" ID-ZooBank="B1690E30-EC81-46D3-881D-97648DDC7745" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1563526566144" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Madeira, Patrícia, Kroh, Andreas, Cordeiro, Ricardo, De, António M., Martins, Frias &amp; Ávila, Sérgio P." docDate="2019" docId="4148D21204E1FF61FF33FBFB72A91254" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4639.1.1.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4639 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Molpadiodemas villosus" docType="treatment" docVersion="14" lastPageNumber="179" masterDocId="BD71AA6A0450FFD3FFA4FFCD76121037" masterDocTitle="The Echinoderm Fauna of the Azores (NE Atlantic Ocean)" masterLastPageNumber="231" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="178" updateTime="1698685128211" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:title id="3E455E6E81327FF69BE467A54716E0CB">The Echinoderm Fauna of the Azores (NE Atlantic Ocean)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="C745C6D3C01B99508002FFC8964A4368">Kroh, Andreas</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="476BBF95CBFF681C63B15AC27D2E82ED">Cordeiro, Ricardo</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="6ACD741243EDB7B456A8155916BD2600">De, António M.</mods:namePart>
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Erroneous—
<taxonomicName id="0EE1188704E1FF62FE95FBF874E51467" authority="(Theel, 1886 a)" baseAuthorityName="Theel" baseAuthorityYear="1886" box="[305,759,1077,1104]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Synallactidae" genus="Molpadiodemas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aspidochirotida" pageId="177" pageNumber="178" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="villosus">
<emphasis id="FB95BF1604E1FF62FE95FBF874541467" bold="true" box="[305,582,1077,1104]" italics="true" pageId="177" pageNumber="178">Molpadiodemas villosus</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF504E1FF62FDF1FBF874FD1467" author="Theel" box="[597,751,1077,1104]" firstAuthor="Theel" pageId="177" pageNumber="178" pagination="1 - 290" refId="ref202036" refString="Theel, H. (1886 a) Report on the Holothuroidea dredged by H. M. S. Challenger during the years 1873 - 76. Part II. Challenger Reports, Zoology, 14 (39), 1 - 290." type="journal article" year="1886" yearSuffix="a">Théel, 1886a</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="FB95BF1604E1FF62FF33FBB6778114A4" bold="true" box="[151,403,1146,1171]" pageId="177" pageNumber="178">
Reports for the
<collectingRegion id="0B25ADE604E1FF62FEE4FBB7779C14A4" box="[320,398,1146,1171]" country="Portugal" name="Acores" pageId="177" pageNumber="178">Azores</collectingRegion>
:
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="C95E630404E1FF62FF33FB57721B14E7" blockId="177.[151,1436,1146,1232]" pageId="177" pageNumber="178">
non
<taxonomicName id="0EE1188704E1FF62FF60FB5474521485" authority="Theel, 1886" authorityName="Theel" authorityYear="1886" box="[196,576,1177,1202]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Synallactidae" genus="Pseudostichopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aspidochirotida" pageId="177" pageNumber="178" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="villosus">
<emphasis id="FB95BF1604E1FF62FF60FB5477D01486" box="[196,450,1177,1201]" italics="true" pageId="177" pageNumber="178">Pseudostichopus villosus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF504E1FF62FE6DFB5474521485" author="Theel, H." box="[457,576,1177,1202]" journalOrPublisher="Challenger Reports, Zoology" pageId="177" pageNumber="178" pagination="1 - 290" part="14" refId="ref202036" refString="Theel, H. (1886 a) Report on the Holothuroidea dredged by H. M. S. Challenger during the years 1873 - 76. Part II. Challenger Reports, Zoology, 14 (39), 1 - 290." title="Report on the Holothuroidea dredged by H. M. S. Challenger during the years 1873 - 76. Part II" type="journal article" year="1886">Théel, 1886</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
<superScript id="3E94CE4C04E1FF62FDFFFB5A74701492" attach="right" box="[603,610,1175,1189]" fontSize="6" pageId="177" pageNumber="178">$</superScript>
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF504E1FF62FDC7FB54755B1486" author="Herouard" box="[611,841,1177,1202]" firstAuthor="Herouard" pageId="177" pageNumber="178" pagination="1 - 62" refId="ref184203" refString="Herouard, E. (1902) Holothuries Provenant Des Campagnes De La Princesse-Alice (1892 - 1897). Reisultats des campagnes scientifiques accomplies sur son yacht, Fasc. 21, 1 - 62." type="book chapter" year="1902">Hérouard 1902: 1113</bibRefCitation>
, pl. 2, figs. 13, pl. 7, fig. 3 [misidentified];
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF504E1FF62FAABFB54738E1486" author="Grieg" box="[1295,1436,1177,1202]" firstAuthor="Grieg" pageId="177" pageNumber="178" pagination="1 - 47" refId="ref183024" refString="Grieg, J. A. (1932) Echinodermata. Report of the scientific results of the Michael Sars North Atlantic deep sea expedition 1910, 3 (2), 1 - 47." type="journal article" year="1932">Grieg 1932: 4</bibRefCitation>
[based on
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF504E1FF62FE8BFB7A77DF14E7" author="Herouard" box="[303,461,1207,1232]" firstAuthor="Herouard" pageId="177" pageNumber="178" pagination="1 - 62" refId="ref184203" refString="Herouard, E. (1902) Holothuries Provenant Des Campagnes De La Princesse-Alice (1892 - 1897). Reisultats des campagnes scientifiques accomplies sur son yacht, Fasc. 21, 1 - 62." type="book chapter" year="1902">Hérouard 1902</bibRefCitation>
];
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF504E1FF62FE7AFB7A74E014E7" author="Garcia-Diez" box="[478,754,1207,1232]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Garcia-Diez" pageId="177" pageNumber="178" pagination="35 - 59" refId="ref181624" refString="Garcia-Diez, C., Porteiro, F. M., Meirinho, A., Cardigos, F. &amp; Tempera, F. (2005) Taxonomic review of selected invertebrate groups collected during the Campaigns of the Prince Albert I of Monaco in the Azorean waters. Arquipelago. Life and Marine Sciences, 22 A, 35 - 59." type="journal article" year="2005">
García-Diez
<emphasis id="FB95BF1604E1FF62FDC4FB74749E14E7" box="[608,652,1208,1232]" italics="true" pageId="177" pageNumber="178">et al</emphasis>
. 2005: 51
</bibRefCitation>
[based on
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF504E1FF62FCC5FB7A75ED14E7" author="Herouard" box="[865,1023,1207,1232]" firstAuthor="Herouard" pageId="177" pageNumber="178" pagination="1 - 62" refId="ref184203" refString="Herouard, E. (1902) Holothuries Provenant Des Campagnes De La Princesse-Alice (1892 - 1897). Reisultats des campagnes scientifiques accomplies sur son yacht, Fasc. 21, 1 - 62." type="book chapter" year="1902">Hérouard 1902</bibRefCitation>
].
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locality:
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off
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,
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(
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,
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)
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.
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<paragraph id="C95E630404E1FF62FF63FAEC777F1556" blockId="177.[151,1437,1277,2025]" pageId="177" pageNumber="178">
<emphasis id="FB95BF1604E1FF62FF63FAEC76EB150B" bold="true" box="[199,249,1313,1340]" pageId="177" pageNumber="178">See:</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF504E1FF62FEA4FAEF741B150B" author="Theel" box="[256,521,1314,1340]" firstAuthor="Theel" pageId="177" pageNumber="178" pagination="1 - 290" refId="ref202036" refString="Theel, H. (1886 a) Report on the Holothuroidea dredged by H. M. S. Challenger during the years 1873 - 76. Part II. Challenger Reports, Zoology, 14 (39), 1 - 290." type="journal article" year="1886" yearSuffix="a">Théel (1886a: 170171</bibRefCitation>
, as
<taxonomicName id="0EE1188704E1FF62FD90FAEF755F150B" authorityName="Theel" authorityYear="1886" box="[564,845,1314,1340]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Synallactidae" genus="Pseudostichopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aspidochirotida" pageId="177" pageNumber="178" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="villosus">
<emphasis id="FB95BF1604E1FF62FD90FAEF755F150B" box="[564,845,1314,1340]" italics="true" pageId="177" pageNumber="178">Pseudostichopus villosus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
);
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF504E1FF62FCC1FAEF730E150B" author="O'Loughlin &amp; Ahearn" box="[869,1308,1313,1340]" firstAuthor="O'Loughlin" pageId="177" pageNumber="178" pagination="147 - 179" refId="ref194562" refString="O'Loughlin, P. M. &amp; Ahearn, C. (2005) A review of pygal-furrowed Synallactidae (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea), with new species from the Antarctic, Atlantic and Pacific ocean. Memoirs of Museum Victoria, 62 (2), 147 - 179. https: // doi. org / 10.24199 / j. mmv. 2005.62.5" type="journal article" year="2005">OLoughlin &amp; Ahearn (2005: 164165</bibRefCitation>
, figs. 2a, e, 7df, 8qt, 12ad).
</paragraph>
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<emphasis id="FB95BF1604E1FF62FF63FAA4774E15B3" bold="true" box="[199,348,1385,1412]" pageId="177" pageNumber="178">Occurrence:</emphasis>
cosmopolitan; in the Atlantic from the North American Basin south to the Scotia Sea and
<collectingCountry id="B1F6239404E1FF62FAE3FAA776AD159F" name="Antarctica" pageId="177" pageNumber="178">Antarctica</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF504E1FF62FF6AFA43741F159F" author="O'Loughlin &amp; Ahearn" box="[206,525,1421,1448]" firstAuthor="O'Loughlin" pageId="177" pageNumber="178" pagination="147 - 179" refId="ref194562" refString="O'Loughlin, P. M. &amp; Ahearn, C. (2005) A review of pygal-furrowed Synallactidae (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea), with new species from the Antarctic, Atlantic and Pacific ocean. Memoirs of Museum Victoria, 62 (2), 147 - 179. https: // doi. org / 10.24199 / j. mmv. 2005.62.5" type="journal article" year="2005">OLoughlin &amp; Ahearn 2005</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C95E630404E1FF62FF63FA7F751F15FB" blockId="177.[151,1437,1277,2025]" box="[199,781,1457,1485]" pageId="177" pageNumber="178">
<emphasis id="FB95BF1604E1FF62FF63FA7F770815FB" bold="true" box="[199,282,1458,1484]" pageId="177" pageNumber="178">Depth:</emphasis>
681
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(
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF504E1FF62FE67FA7F751015FB" author="O'Loughlin &amp; Ahearn" box="[451,770,1457,1484]" firstAuthor="O'Loughlin" pageId="177" pageNumber="178" pagination="147 - 179" refId="ref194562" refString="O'Loughlin, P. M. &amp; Ahearn, C. (2005) A review of pygal-furrowed Synallactidae (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea), with new species from the Antarctic, Atlantic and Pacific ocean. Memoirs of Museum Victoria, 62 (2), 147 - 179. https: // doi. org / 10.24199 / j. mmv. 2005.62.5" type="journal article" year="2005">OLoughlin &amp; Ahearn 2005</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C95E630404E1FF62FF63FA18721115C7" blockId="177.[151,1437,1277,2025]" box="[199,1027,1493,1521]" pageId="177" pageNumber="178">
<emphasis id="FB95BF1604E1FF62FF63FA18773E15C7" bold="true" box="[199,300,1493,1520]" pageId="177" pageNumber="178">Habitat:</emphasis>
soft sediments, from mud to ooze (
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF504E1FF62FD1DFA1B75E515C7" author="O'Loughlin &amp; Ahearn" box="[697,1015,1493,1520]" firstAuthor="O'Loughlin" pageId="177" pageNumber="178" pagination="147 - 179" refId="ref194562" refString="O'Loughlin, P. M. &amp; Ahearn, C. (2005) A review of pygal-furrowed Synallactidae (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea), with new species from the Antarctic, Atlantic and Pacific ocean. Memoirs of Museum Victoria, 62 (2), 147 - 179. https: // doi. org / 10.24199 / j. mmv. 2005.62.5" type="journal article" year="2005">OLoughlin &amp; Ahearn 2005</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C95E630404E1FF62FF63FA37758A1623" blockId="177.[151,1437,1277,2025]" box="[199,920,1529,1557]" pageId="177" pageNumber="178">
<emphasis id="FB95BF1604E1FF62FF63FA3777771623" bold="true" box="[199,357,1530,1556]" pageId="177" pageNumber="178">Larval stage:</emphasis>
a probable brooder (
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF504E1FF62FDEAFA37759F1623" author="O'Loughlin &amp; Ahearn" box="[590,909,1529,1556]" firstAuthor="O'Loughlin" pageId="177" pageNumber="178" pagination="147 - 179" refId="ref194562" refString="O'Loughlin, P. M. &amp; Ahearn, C. (2005) A review of pygal-furrowed Synallactidae (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea), with new species from the Antarctic, Atlantic and Pacific ocean. Memoirs of Museum Victoria, 62 (2), 147 - 179. https: // doi. org / 10.24199 / j. mmv. 2005.62.5" type="journal article" year="2005">OLoughlin &amp; Ahearn 2005</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C95E630404E1FF61FF63F9D3723710E0" blockId="177.[151,1437,1277,2025]" lastBlockId="178.[151,1437,153,611]" lastPageId="178" lastPageNumber="179" pageId="177" pageNumber="178">
<emphasis id="FB95BF1604E1FF62FF63F9D3772F160F" bold="true" box="[199,317,1566,1592]" pageId="177" pageNumber="178">Remarks:</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF504E1FF62FEE7F9D377F2160E" author="Theel" box="[323,480,1566,1593]" firstAuthor="Theel" pageId="177" pageNumber="178" pagination="1 - 290" refId="ref202036" refString="Theel, H. (1886 a) Report on the Holothuroidea dredged by H. M. S. Challenger during the years 1873 - 76. Part II. Challenger Reports, Zoology, 14 (39), 1 - 290." type="journal article" year="1886" yearSuffix="a">Théel (1886a)</bibRefCitation>
remarked that among the material collected by H.M.S.
<emphasis id="FB95BF1604E1FF62FBEFF9D372DB160F" box="[1099,1225,1566,1592]" italics="true" pageId="177" pageNumber="178">Challenger</emphasis>
off Chilean waters there were specimens closely resembling his newly described species
<taxonomicName id="0EE1188704E1FF62FC03F98F72AB166B" baseAuthorityName="Theel" baseAuthorityYear="1886" box="[935,1209,1602,1628]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Synallactidae" genus="Molpadiodemas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aspidochirotida" pageId="177" pageNumber="178" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="villosus">
<emphasis id="FB95BF1604E1FF62FC03F98F72AB166B" box="[935,1209,1602,1628]" italics="true" pageId="177" pageNumber="178">Molpadiodemas villosus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(=
<taxonomicName id="0EE1188704E1FF62FB44F98F76FF16B7" authorityName="Theel" authorityYear="1886" class="Holothuroidea" family="Synallactidae" genus="Pseudostichopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aspidochirotida" pageId="177" pageNumber="178" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="villosus">
<emphasis id="FB95BF1604E1FF62FB44F98F76FF16B7" italics="true" pageId="177" pageNumber="178">Pseudostichopus villosus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), but which lacked tube feet.
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF504E1FF62FD9EF9AB74CA16B7" author="Perrier" box="[570,728,1638,1664]" firstAuthor="Perrier" pageId="177" pageNumber="178" refId="ref197510" refString="Perrier, R. (1902) Holothuries. In: Expeditions Scientifiques du Travailleur et du Talisman pendant les Annees 1880, 1881, 1882, 1883. Ouvrage publie sous les auspices du ministere de l'instruction publique sous la direction de A. Milne-Edwards de 1888 a 1890 et continue par E. Perrier. Vol. 7. Masson et Cie, Editeurs, Paris, pp. 273 - 554." type="journal volume" year="1902">Perrier (1902)</bibRefCitation>
believed that those specimens belonged to his newly described species,
<taxonomicName id="0EE1188704E1FF62FF52F94677981693" authorityName="Perrier" authorityYear="1898" box="[246,394,1674,1700]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Synallactidae" genus="Pseudostichopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aspidochirotida" pageId="177" pageNumber="178" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="atlanticus">
<emphasis id="FB95BF1604E1FF62FF52F94677981693" box="[246,394,1674,1700]" italics="true" pageId="177" pageNumber="178">M. atlanticus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. More recently,
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF504E1FF62FDE0F94775821693" author="O'Loughlin &amp; Ahearn" box="[580,912,1673,1700]" firstAuthor="O'Loughlin" pageId="177" pageNumber="178" pagination="147 - 179" refId="ref194562" refString="O'Loughlin, P. M. &amp; Ahearn, C. (2005) A review of pygal-furrowed Synallactidae (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea), with new species from the Antarctic, Atlantic and Pacific ocean. Memoirs of Museum Victoria, 62 (2), 147 - 179. https: // doi. org / 10.24199 / j. mmv. 2005.62.5" type="journal article" year="2005">OLoughlin &amp; Ahearn (2005)</bibRefCitation>
re-examined the material in question and confirmed Perriers assumption. In the same year of Perriers publication,
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF504E1FF62FC19F963726B16FF" author="Herouard" box="[957,1145,1710,1736]" firstAuthor="Herouard" pageId="177" pageNumber="178" pagination="1 - 62" refId="ref184203" refString="Herouard, E. (1902) Holothuries Provenant Des Campagnes De La Princesse-Alice (1892 - 1897). Reisultats des campagnes scientifiques accomplies sur son yacht, Fasc. 21, 1 - 62." type="book chapter" year="1902">Hérouard (1902)</bibRefCitation>
reported
<taxonomicName id="0EE1188704E1FF62FB4CF96376FF16DB" baseAuthorityName="Theel" baseAuthorityYear="1886" class="Holothuroidea" family="Synallactidae" genus="Molpadiodemas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aspidochirotida" pageId="177" pageNumber="178" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="villosus">
<emphasis id="FB95BF1604E1FF62FB4CF96376FF16DB" italics="true" pageId="177" pageNumber="178">Molpadiodemas villosus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(=
<taxonomicName id="0EE1188704E1FF62FEB2F91F742216DB" authorityName="Theel" authorityYear="1886" box="[278,560,1746,1772]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Synallactidae" genus="Pseudostichopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aspidochirotida" pageId="177" pageNumber="178" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="villosus">
<emphasis id="FB95BF1604E1FF62FEB2F91F742216DB" box="[278,560,1746,1772]" italics="true" pageId="177" pageNumber="178">Pseudostichopus villosus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) from the archipelago based on the material collected by
<emphasis id="FB95BF1604E1FF62FB1AF91E737E16DB" box="[1214,1388,1746,1772]" italics="true" pageId="177" pageNumber="178">Princesse Alice</emphasis>
(sta 652:
<geoCoordinate id="ACD505C304E1FF62FF76F938774C1727" box="[210,350,1781,1808]" degrees="36" direction="north" minutes="55" orientation="latitude" pageId="177" pageNumber="178" precision="15" seconds="00" value="36.916668">36°5500”N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="ACD505C304E1FF62FEC8F93877EC1727" box="[364,510,1781,1808]" degrees="22" direction="west" minutes="22" orientation="longitude" pageId="177" pageNumber="178" precision="15" seconds="45" value="-22.379168">22°2245”W</geoCoordinate>
;
<quantity id="0E19CEE104E1FF62FDA8F93B747C1726" box="[524,622,1782,1809]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.261" pageId="177" pageNumber="178" unit="m" value="4.261">4,261 m</quantity>
). Coincidently, Hérouards description and figures presented an animal with a smooth surface, likewise close to the Chilean material taken by H.M.S.
<emphasis id="FB95BF1604E1FF62FBBFF8D7728B1703" box="[1051,1177,1818,1844]" italics="true" pageId="177" pageNumber="178">Challenger</emphasis>
but not to
<taxonomicName id="0EE1188704E1FF62FABDF8D673841703" authorityName="Theel" authorityYear="1886" box="[1305,1430,1818,1844]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Synallactidae" genus="Pseudostichopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aspidochirotida" pageId="177" pageNumber="178" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="villosus">
<emphasis id="FB95BF1604E1FF62FABDF8D673841703" box="[1305,1430,1818,1844]" italics="true" pageId="177" pageNumber="178">M. villosus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, which has a hairy like body surface.
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF504E1FF62FD88F8F374EC176F" author="Deichmann" box="[556,766,1854,1880]" firstAuthor="Deichmann" pageId="177" pageNumber="178" pagination="43 - 236" refId="ref178149" refString="Deichmann, E. (1930) The Holothurians of the Western Part of the Atlantic Ocean. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zo ˆ logy at Harvard College, 71, 43 - 236." type="journal article" year="1930">Deichmann (1930)</bibRefCitation>
compared her specimens of
<taxonomicName id="0EE1188704E1FF62FB98F8F272DC176F" authorityName="Perrier" authorityYear="1898" box="[1084,1230,1854,1880]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Synallactidae" genus="Pseudostichopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aspidochirotida" pageId="177" pageNumber="178" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="atlanticus">
<emphasis id="FB95BF1604E1FF62FB98F8F272DC176F" box="[1084,1230,1854,1880]" italics="true" pageId="177" pageNumber="178">M. atlanticus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from the Caribbe- an with Hérouard figures and concluded that they were identical.
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF504E1FF62FCCAF8AF7219174B" author="Perrier" box="[878,1035,1890,1916]" firstAuthor="Perrier" pageId="177" pageNumber="178" refId="ref197510" refString="Perrier, R. (1902) Holothuries. In: Expeditions Scientifiques du Travailleur et du Talisman pendant les Annees 1880, 1881, 1882, 1883. Ouvrage publie sous les auspices du ministere de l'instruction publique sous la direction de A. Milne-Edwards de 1888 a 1890 et continue par E. Perrier. Vol. 7. Masson et Cie, Editeurs, Paris, pp. 273 - 554." type="journal volume" year="1902">Perrier (1902)</bibRefCitation>
believed the distribution of ossicles could be used as a diagnostic character of
<taxonomicName id="0EE1188704E1FF62FDD4F84A75111797" authorityName="Perrier" authorityYear="1898" box="[624,771,1926,1952]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Synallactidae" genus="Pseudostichopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aspidochirotida" pageId="177" pageNumber="178" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="atlanticus">
<emphasis id="FB95BF1604E1FF62FDD4F84A75111797" box="[624,771,1926,1952]" italics="true" pageId="177" pageNumber="178">M. atlanticus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
since
<taxonomicName id="0EE1188704E1FF62FCEFF84A75D41797" authorityName="Theel" authorityYear="1886" box="[843,966,1926,1952]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Synallactidae" genus="Pseudostichopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aspidochirotida" pageId="177" pageNumber="178" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="villosus">
<emphasis id="FB95BF1604E1FF62FCEFF84A75D41797" box="[843,966,1926,1952]" italics="true" pageId="177" pageNumber="178">M. villosus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
completely lacks ossicles in its tegument.
<emphasis id="FB95BF1604E1FF62FF33F866775617F3" box="[151,324,1962,1988]" italics="true" pageId="177" pageNumber="178">Princesse Alice</emphasis>
specimens completely lacked ossicles, except in the gonads. On the other hand, it is not uncommon for ossicles to dissolve during preservation, a problem
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF504E1FF62FD5CF80375D817DF" author="Deichmann" box="[760,970,1998,2024]" firstAuthor="Deichmann" pageId="177" pageNumber="178" pagination="43 - 236" refId="ref178149" refString="Deichmann, E. (1930) The Holothurians of the Western Part of the Atlantic Ocean. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zo ˆ logy at Harvard College, 71, 43 - 236." type="journal article" year="1930">Deichmann (1930)</bibRefCitation>
noted in her own
<taxonomicName id="0EE1188704E1FF62FB36F802733717DF" authorityName="Perrier" authorityYear="1898" box="[1170,1317,1998,2025]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Synallactidae" genus="Pseudostichopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aspidochirotida" pageId="177" pageNumber="178" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="atlanticus">
<emphasis id="FB95BF1604E1FF62FB36F80272BB17DF" box="[1170,1193,1999,2024]" italics="true" pageId="177" pageNumber="178">M</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="FB95BF1604E1FF62FB13F803733717DF" box="[1207,1317,1998,2024]" italics="true" pageId="177" pageNumber="178">atlanticus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
specimen. She attributed this to the acidic nature of the alcohol used to preserve her material. Moreover, in
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF504E2FF61FB5DFF54772D10E0" author="O'Loughlin &amp; Ahearn" firstAuthor="O'Loughlin" pageId="178" pageNumber="179" pagination="147 - 179" refId="ref194562" refString="O'Loughlin, P. M. &amp; Ahearn, C. (2005) A review of pygal-furrowed Synallactidae (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea), with new species from the Antarctic, Atlantic and Pacific ocean. Memoirs of Museum Victoria, 62 (2), 147 - 179. https: // doi. org / 10.24199 / j. mmv. 2005.62.5" type="journal article" year="2005">OLoughlin &amp; Ahearn (2005)</bibRefCitation>
s review stated that ossicles are not always present in this species.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C95E630404E2FF61FF63FF2C72A91254" blockId="178.[151,1437,153,611]" pageId="178" pageNumber="179">
Conversely,
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF504E2FF61FEF7FF2C743410CC" author="Deichmann" box="[339,550,225,251]" firstAuthor="Deichmann" pageId="178" pageNumber="179" pagination="43 - 236" refId="ref178149" refString="Deichmann, E. (1930) The Holothurians of the Western Part of the Atlantic Ocean. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zo ˆ logy at Harvard College, 71, 43 - 236." type="journal article" year="1930">Deichmann (1930)</bibRefCitation>
omitted data on the internal anatomy, probably because her own specimen had almost no internal organs, due to evisceration. The striking difference that separates
<emphasis id="FB95BF1604E2FF61FBEAFECB72E91128" box="[1102,1275,261,287]" italics="true" pageId="178" pageNumber="179">Princesse Alice</emphasis>
material from
<taxonomicName id="0EE1188704E2FF61FF33FEE7773B1174" authorityName="Perrier" authorityYear="1898" box="[151,297,297,323]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Synallactidae" genus="Pseudostichopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aspidochirotida" pageId="178" pageNumber="179" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="atlanticus">
<emphasis id="FB95BF1604E2FF61FF33FEE7773B1174" box="[151,297,297,323]" italics="true" pageId="178" pageNumber="179">M. atlanticus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is its simple non-branching sac-like gonad structure. The genus
<taxonomicName id="0EE1188704E2FF61FC4AFEE472B01174" authorityName="Heding" authorityYear="1935" box="[1006,1186,297,323]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Synallactidae" genus="Molpadiodemas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aspidochirotida" pageId="178" pageNumber="179" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="FB95BF1604E2FF61FC4AFEE472B01174" box="[1006,1186,297,323]" italics="true" pageId="178" pageNumber="179">Molpadiodemas</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as it was re-diagnosed by
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF504E2FF61FF1DFE8074131150" author="O'Loughlin &amp; Ahearn" box="[185,513,332,359]" firstAuthor="O'Loughlin" pageId="178" pageNumber="179" pagination="147 - 179" refId="ref194562" refString="O'Loughlin, P. M. &amp; Ahearn, C. (2005) A review of pygal-furrowed Synallactidae (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea), with new species from the Antarctic, Atlantic and Pacific ocean. Memoirs of Museum Victoria, 62 (2), 147 - 179. https: // doi. org / 10.24199 / j. mmv. 2005.62.5" type="journal article" year="2005">OLoughlin &amp; Ahearn (2005)</bibRefCitation>
encompasses only holothurians with branching gonads, with tubules arising from a common source at end of a gonoduct, thus excluding
<taxonomicName id="0EE1188704E2FF61FD46FEBF756611BC" authorityName="Perrier" authorityYear="1898" box="[738,884,369,395]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Synallactidae" genus="Pseudostichopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aspidochirotida" pageId="178" pageNumber="179" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="atlanticus">
<emphasis id="FB95BF1604E2FF61FD46FEBF756611BC" box="[738,884,369,395]" italics="true" pageId="178" pageNumber="179">M. atlanticus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and invalidating
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF504E2FF61FB90FEBC730A11BC" author="Deichmann's" box="[1076,1304,369,395]" firstAuthor="Deichmann's" pageId="178" pageNumber="179" pagination="43 - 236" refId="ref178149" refString="Deichmann, E. (1930) The Holothurians of the Western Part of the Atlantic Ocean. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zo ˆ logy at Harvard College, 71, 43 - 236." type="journal article" year="1930">Deichmanns (1930)</bibRefCitation>
suggestion. In contrast,
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF504E2FF61FEBFFE5877E31198" author="O'Loughlin" box="[283,497,405,431]" firstAuthor="O'Loughlin" pageId="178" pageNumber="179" pagination="297 - 325" refId="ref194503" refString="O'Loughlin, P. M. (2002) Report on selected species of Banzare and Anare Holothuroidea, with reviews of Meseres Ludwig and Heterocucumis Panning (Echinodermata). Memoirs of Museum Victoria, 59 (2), 297 - 325. https: // doi. org / 10.24199 / j. mmv. 2002.59.3" type="journal article" year="2002">OLoughlin (2002)</bibRefCitation>
believed
<emphasis id="FB95BF1604E2FF61FDF9FE5B75181198" box="[605,778,405,431]" italics="true" pageId="178" pageNumber="179">Princesse Alice</emphasis>
s
<taxonomicName id="0EE1188704E2FF61FC87FE5B758C1198" authorityName="Theel" authorityYear="1886" box="[803,926,405,431]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Synallactidae" genus="Pseudostichopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aspidochirotida" pageId="178" pageNumber="179" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="villosus">
<emphasis id="FB95BF1604E2FF61FC87FE5B75281198" box="[803,826,406,431]" italics="true" pageId="178" pageNumber="179">M</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="FB95BF1604E2FF61FCECFE58758C1198" box="[840,926,405,431]" italics="true" pageId="178" pageNumber="179">villosus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
belonged to the highly variable species
<taxonomicName id="0EE1188704E2FF61FAF8FE5B779C11E4" baseAuthorityName="Sluiter" baseAuthorityYear="1901" class="Holothuroidea" family="Synallactidae" genus="Pseudostichopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aspidochirotida" pageId="178" pageNumber="179" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="peripatus">
<emphasis id="FB95BF1604E2FF61FAF8FE5B779C11E4" italics="true" pageId="178" pageNumber="179">Pseudostichopus peripatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, a close similar species known to occur in the
<collectingRegion id="0B25ADE604E2FF61FC3EFE7475FF11E4" box="[922,1005,441,467]" country="Portugal" name="Acores" pageId="178" pageNumber="179">Azores</collectingRegion>
. Unlike
<taxonomicName id="0EE1188704E2FF61FBEFFE7772CD11E4" authorityName="Perrier" authorityYear="1898" box="[1099,1247,441,467]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Synallactidae" genus="Pseudostichopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aspidochirotida" pageId="178" pageNumber="179" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="atlanticus">
<emphasis id="FB95BF1604E2FF61FBEFFE7772CD11E4" box="[1099,1247,441,467]" italics="true" pageId="178" pageNumber="179">M. atlanticus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
the unbranching gonad structure poses no diagnostic problem. However,
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF504E2FF61FCB2FE1075FC11C0" author="O'Loughlin" box="[790,1006,477,503]" firstAuthor="O'Loughlin" pageId="178" pageNumber="179" pagination="297 - 325" refId="ref194503" refString="O'Loughlin, P. M. (2002) Report on selected species of Banzare and Anare Holothuroidea, with reviews of Meseres Ludwig and Heterocucumis Panning (Echinodermata). Memoirs of Museum Victoria, 59 (2), 297 - 325. https: // doi. org / 10.24199 / j. mmv. 2002.59.3" type="journal article" year="2002">OLoughlin (2002)</bibRefCitation>
noted that Hérouards description encompassed far too large individuals (up to
<quantity id="0E19CEE104E2FF61FDCFFDCC74D9122C" box="[619,715,513,539]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7" pageId="178" pageNumber="179" unit="mm" value="170.0">170 mm</quantity>
), with no distinctive lateroventral margin, and as result the author marked the record as uncertain. Regardless, and in spite of the presence of both
<taxonomicName id="0EE1188704E2FF61FBB7FDEB72B41208" authorityName="Perrier" authorityYear="1898" box="[1043,1190,549,575]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Synallactidae" genus="Pseudostichopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aspidochirotida" pageId="178" pageNumber="179" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="atlanticus">
<emphasis id="FB95BF1604E2FF61FBB7FDEB72381208" box="[1043,1066,550,575]" italics="true" pageId="178" pageNumber="179">M</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="FB95BF1604E2FF61FB9CFDE872B41208" box="[1080,1190,549,575]" italics="true" pageId="178" pageNumber="179">atlanticus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="0EE1188704E2FF61FB78FDEB73451208" authorityName="Theel" authorityYear="1886" box="[1244,1367,549,575]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Synallactidae" genus="Pseudostichopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aspidochirotida" pageId="178" pageNumber="179" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="villosus">
<emphasis id="FB95BF1604E2FF61FB78FDEB72E11208" box="[1244,1267,550,575]" italics="true" pageId="178" pageNumber="179">M</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="FB95BF1604E2FF61FAA5FDE873451208" box="[1281,1367,549,575]" italics="true" pageId="178" pageNumber="179">villosus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in the vicinity of the Azorean, the presence of both species in the archipelago is still to be confirmed.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>