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<document id="26BEBAA19EAEED8CB882F142181B87C3" ID-CLB-Dataset="26164" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4639.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="812e0570-38c6-4f6e-840c-7d52d87a8c12" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-PMC="PMC6910866" ID-PubMed="31712455" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3342161" ID-ZooBank="B1690E30-EC81-46D3-881D-97648DDC7745" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1563526566144" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Madeira, Patrícia, Kroh, Andreas, Cordeiro, Ricardo, De, António M., Martins, Frias &amp; Ávila, Sérgio P." docDate="2019" docId="4148D2120448FFCAFF33F91A747C13FC" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4639.1.1.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4639 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Ophiactis virens" docType="treatment" docVersion="16" lastPageNumber="26" masterDocId="BD71AA6A0450FFD3FFA4FFCD76121037" masterDocTitle="The Echinoderm Fauna of the Azores (NE Atlantic Ocean)" masterLastPageNumber="231" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="25" updateTime="1698685128211" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:title id="F8955CBD4E65491C0FAD90C17B088E97">The Echinoderm Fauna of the Azores (NE Atlantic Ocean)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="35A65CB08EF222104815E72A251437AC">Kroh, Andreas</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="DAFC69887A4585187D2FC8C858FD9EC2">Cordeiro, Ricardo</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="97C194BF31B4B81A12C8CFE9F9533761">De, António M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="C9B858EA274B792AB57076A8B770F942">Martins, Frias</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="6FD3EA5F2775BCC24C7C39C78696F77A">Ávila, Sérgio P.</mods:namePart>
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<taxonomicName id="0EE118870448FFCBFF33F91A77F516C5" authority="(Sars, 1859)" baseAuthorityName="Sars" baseAuthorityYear="1859" box="[151,487,1751,1778]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiactidae" genus="Ophiactis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="virens">
<emphasis id="FB95BF160448FFCBFF33F91A77F516C5" bold="true" box="[151,487,1751,1778]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
<emphasis id="FB95BF160448FFCBFF33F91A774116C5" bold="true" box="[151,339,1751,1778]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Ophiactis virens</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF50448FFCBFEC6F91A77CD16C5" author="Sars" box="[354,479,1751,1778]" firstAuthor="Sars" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" pagination="1 - 99" refId="ref199535" refString="Sars, M. (1859) Bidrag til Kundskaben om Middelhavets Littoral-Fauna. Nyt Magazin f ˆ r Naturvidenskaberne, 10, 1 - 99." type="journal article" year="1859">Sars, 1859</bibRefCitation>
)
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<emphasis id="FB95BF160448FFCBFF33F8D177BA1703" bold="true" box="[151,424,1819,1844]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
Reports from the
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:
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<taxonomicName id="0EE118870448FFCBFF33F8F676E81764" authorityName="Lutken" authorityYear="1856" box="[151,250,1851,1875]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiactidae" genus="Ophiactis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="FB95BF160448FFCBFF33F8F676E81764" box="[151,250,1851,1875]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Ophiactis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp.—?
<superScript id="3E94CE4C0448FFCBFEE5F8F5775A1771" attach="right" box="[321,328,1848,1862]" fontSize="6" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">$</superScript>
<treatmentCitation id="484045150448FFCBFEEDF8F774181764" author="Simroth, H." box="[329,522,1850,1875]" page="231" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" year="1888">
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF50448FFCBFEEDF8F774181764" author="Simroth" box="[329,522,1850,1875]" firstAuthor="Simroth" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" pagination="179 - 234" refId="ref200446" refString="Simroth, H. (1888) Zur kenntnis der Azorenfauna. Archiv f ̡ r Naturgeschichte, Berlin, 54 (1), 179 - 234." type="journal article" year="1888">Simroth 1888: 231</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
;
<taxonomicName id="0EE118870448FFCBFF33F89477D21745" authority="(Sars, 1859)" baseAuthorityName="Sars" baseAuthorityYear="1859" box="[151,448,1881,1906]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiactidae" genus="Ophiactis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="virens">
<emphasis id="FB95BF160448FFCBFF33F894772C1746" box="[151,318,1881,1905]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Ophiactis virens</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF50448FFCBFEE9F89477AB1745" author="Sars" box="[333,441,1881,1906]" firstAuthor="Sars" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" pagination="1 - 99" refId="ref199535" refString="Sars, M. (1859) Bidrag til Kundskaben om Middelhavets Littoral-Fauna. Nyt Magazin f ˆ r Naturvidenskaberne, 10, 1 - 99." type="journal article" year="1859">Sars, 1859</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
—
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF50448FFCBFE7EF89474C01746" author="Koehler" box="[474,722,1881,1906]" firstAuthor="Koehler" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" refId="ref186123" refString="Koehler, R. (1924) Les echinodermes des mers d'Europe. Encyclopedie Scientifique. Tome I. Libraire Octave Doin, Paris, XIII + 361 pp." type="book" year="1924">Koehler 1924: 194–197</bibRefCitation>
;
<treatmentCitation id="484045150448FFCBFD7AF89775DA1746" author="Mortensen, T." box="[734,968,1881,1905]" page="199" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" year="1927">
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF50448FFCBFD7AF89775DA1746" author="Mortensen" box="[734,968,1881,1905]" firstAuthor="Mortensen" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" refId="ref192564" refString="Mortensen, T. (1927 a) Handbook of the echinoderms of the British Isles. Oxford University Press, viii + 471 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 6841" type="book" year="1927" yearSuffix="a">Mortensen 1927a: 199</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF50448FFCBFC77F89772C81746" author="Tortonese" box="[979,1242,1881,1906]" firstAuthor="Tortonese" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" refId="ref202694" refString="Tortonese, E. (1965) Fauna D'Italia-Echinodermata. Edizioni Calderini, Bologna, 422 pp." type="book" year="1965">Tortonese 1965: 238–239</bibRefCitation>
, fig. 110;
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF50448FFCBFAE0F897738F1746" author="Marques, V. M." box="[1348,1437,1882,1905]" firstAuthor="Marques" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" pagination="95 - 107" refId="ref189654" refString="Marques, V. M. (1980) Echinodermes recueillis pedant la mission &quot; Hesperides 76 &quot; du N / O Jean Charcot. Arquivo do Museu Bocage, 2 ª Serie, 7 (7), 95 - 107." type="journal article" year="1980">Marques</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitationGroup>
1980: 102;
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<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF50448FFCBFEE1F8B5744417A7" author="Castro &amp; Viegas" box="[325,598,1911,1936]" firstAuthor="Castro" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" pagination="7 - 30" refId="ref175556" refString="Castro, M. L. &amp; Viegas, M. C. (1983) Estudo dos povoamentos de algas fotofilas da ilha de S. Miguel (Acores). Arquipelago, Serie Ciencias da Natureza, 4, 7 - 30." type="journal article" year="1983">Castro &amp; Viegas 1983: 24</bibRefCitation>
;
<superScript id="3E94CE4C0448FFCBFDC6F8BB747B17B3" attach="right" box="[610,617,1910,1924]" fontSize="6" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">$</superScript>
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF50448FFCBFDCEF8B5750917A7" author="Marques" box="[618,795,1912,1936]" firstAuthor="Marques" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" pagination="1 - 7" refId="ref189697" refString="Marques, V. M. (1983) Peuplements benthiques de Acores, 1 - echinoderms. Arquivo do Museu Bocage, AII (I), 1 - 7." type="book chapter" year="1983">Marques 1983: 3</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF50448FFCBFC8CF8BA75F117A7" author="Pereira" box="[808,995,1911,1936]" firstAuthor="Pereira" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" pagination="331 - 337" refId="ref195814" refString="Pereira, M. (1997) Checklist of the littoral echinoderms of the Azores. Acoreana, 8 (3), 331 - 337." type="journal article" year="1997">Pereira 1997: 332</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF50448FFCBFC4BF8B572FE17A7" author="Jesus &amp; Abreu" box="[1007,1260,1911,1936]" firstAuthor="Jesus" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" pagination="59 - 69" refId="ref184817" refString="Jesus, D. &amp; Abreu, A. D. (1998) Contribution to the knowledge of the soft bottom echinoderms of Madeira Island. Boletim do Museu Municipal do Funchal (Historia Natural), 50 (286), 59 - 69., 4 figs." type="book chapter" year="1998">Jesus &amp; Abreu 1998: 65</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF50448FFCBFB5CF8BA738E17A7" author="Micael, J. &amp; Costa A. C." box="[1272,1436,1911,1936]" firstAuthor="Micael" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" pagination="321 - 323" refId="ref190649" refString="Micael, J. &amp; Costa A. C. (2010) Echinodermata. In: Borges, P. A. V., Costa, A., Cunha, R., Gabriel, R., Goncalves, V., Martins, A. F., Melo, I., Parente, M., Raposeiro, P., Rodrigues, P., Santos, R. S., Silva, L., Vieira, P. &amp; Vieira, V. (Eds.), A list of the terrestrial and marine biota from the Azores. Principia, Oeiras, pp. 321 - 323." type="book chapter" year="2010">
Micael &amp;
<collectingRegion id="0B25ADE60448FFCBFAC6F8B5738E17A7" box="[1378,1436,1912,1936]" country="New Zealand" name="West Coast" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Costa</collectingRegion>
</bibRefCitation>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="81FB308F0448FFCBFF63F85A74011798" box="[199,531,1942,1967]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" type="description">
2010: 322;
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF50448FFCBFE9FF85B741D1798" author="Micael" box="[315,527,1942,1967]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Micael" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" pagination="49" refId="ref190819" refString="Micael, J., Alves, M. J., Jones, M. B. &amp; Costa, A. C. (2012) Diversity of shallow-water asteroids (Echinodermata) in the Azorean Archipelago. Marine Biodiversity Records, 5, e 49. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 1755267211000534" type="journal article" year="2012">
Micael
<emphasis id="FB95BF160448FFCBFE23F85A77A91798" box="[391,443,1943,1967]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">et al.</emphasis>
2012: 3
</bibRefCitation>
.
</subSubSection>
</paragraph>
<subSubSection id="81FB308F0448FFCAFF33F810747C13FC" lastPageId="25" lastPageNumber="26" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="C95E63040448FFCBFF33F810740817C0" blockId="24.[151,538,2012,2039]" box="[151,538,2012,2039]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
<emphasis id="FB95BF160448FFCBFF33F810772B17C0" bold="true" box="[151,313,2012,2039]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
<typeStatus id="165ADDA60448FFCBFF33F81076C017C0" box="[151,210,2013,2039]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Type</typeStatus>
locality:
</emphasis>
Mediterranean Sea.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C95E63040449FFCAFF63FF5577D41084" blockId="25.[151,1437,152,971]" box="[199,454,152,179]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
<emphasis id="FB95BF160449FFCAFF63FF5576EB1084" bold="true" box="[199,249,152,179]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">See:</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF50449FFCAFF5BFF5477D11084" author="Tortonese" box="[255,451,152,179]" firstAuthor="Tortonese" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" refId="ref202694" refString="Tortonese, E. (1965) Fauna D'Italia-Echinodermata. Edizioni Calderini, Bologna, 422 pp." type="book" year="1965">Tortonese (1965)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C95E63040449FFCAFF63FF7174921128" blockId="25.[151,1437,152,971]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
<emphasis id="FB95BF160449FFCAFF63FF71774E10E0" bold="true" box="[199,348,188,215]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Occurrence:</emphasis>
Northeast Atlantic and Mediterranean Sea; along the Western African coast to?
<collectingCountry id="B1F623940449FFCAFB76FF70734610E0" box="[1234,1364,189,215]" name="Cape Verde" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Cape Verde</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF50449FFCAFAC7FF70771A10CC" author="Koehler" firstAuthor="Koehler" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" refId="ref186123" refString="Koehler, R. (1924) Les echinodermes des mers d'Europe. Encyclopedie Scientifique. Tome I. Libraire Octave Doin, Paris, XIII + 361 pp." type="book" year="1924">Koehler 1924</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF50449FFCAFEB2FF2C77D510CC" author="Tortonese" box="[278,455,224,251]" firstAuthor="Tortonese" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" refId="ref202694" refString="Tortonese, E. (1965) Fauna D'Italia-Echinodermata. Edizioni Calderini, Bologna, 422 pp." type="book" year="1965">Tortonese 1965</bibRefCitation>
) including the archipelagos of the Azores (
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF50449FFCAFC64FF2C727810CC" author="Marques" box="[960,1130,225,251]" firstAuthor="Marques" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" pagination="1 - 7" refId="ref189697" refString="Marques, V. M. (1983) Peuplements benthiques de Acores, 1 - echinoderms. Arquivo do Museu Bocage, AII (I), 1 - 7." type="book chapter" year="1983">Marques 1983</bibRefCitation>
), Madeira (
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF50449FFCAFB55FF2C76C21128" author="Jesus &amp; Abreu" firstAuthor="Jesus" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" pagination="59 - 69" refId="ref184817" refString="Jesus, D. &amp; Abreu, A. D. (1998) Contribution to the knowledge of the soft bottom echinoderms of Madeira Island. Boletim do Museu Municipal do Funchal (Historia Natural), 50 (286), 59 - 69., 4 figs." type="book chapter" year="1998">Jesus &amp; Abreu 1998</bibRefCitation>
) and Canaries (
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF50449FFCAFEDBFEC874611128" author="Bacallado" box="[383,627,260,287]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Bacallado" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" pagination="149 - 151" refId="ref173237" refString="Bacallado, J. J., Moreno, E. &amp; Perez-Ruzafa, A. (1985) Echinodermata (Canary Islands) provisional Check-list. In: Keegan, B. F. &amp; O'Connor, B. D. S. (Eds.), Echinodermata; Proceedings of the 5 th International Echinoderm Conference, Galway, September 1984. A. A. Balkema, Rotterdam, pp. 149 - 151." type="book chapter" year="1985">
Bacallado
<emphasis id="FB95BF160449FFCAFE5CFECB743B1128" box="[504,553,261,287]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">et al</emphasis>
. 1985
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C95E63040449FFCAFF63FEE4724F1174" blockId="25.[151,1437,152,971]" box="[199,1117,296,323]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
<emphasis id="FB95BF160449FFCAFF63FEE477081174" bold="true" box="[199,282,297,323]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Depth:</emphasis>
<quantity id="0E19CEE10449FFCAFE85FEE477641174" box="[289,374,297,323]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" metricValueMax="9.0" metricValueMin="0.0" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" unit="m" value="45.0" valueMax="90.0" valueMin="0.0">0–90 m</quantity>
(
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF50449FFCAFE20FEE474251174" author="Tortonese" box="[388,567,296,323]" firstAuthor="Tortonese" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" refId="ref202694" refString="Tortonese, E. (1965) Fauna D'Italia-Echinodermata. Edizioni Calderini, Bologna, 422 pp." type="book" year="1965">Tortonese 1965</bibRefCitation>
); a littoral species in the
<collectingRegion id="0B25ADE60449FFCAFCE8FEE475891174" box="[844,923,297,323]" country="Portugal" name="Acores" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Azores</collectingRegion>
(
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF50449FFCAFC0EFEE472431174" author="Marques" box="[938,1105,297,323]" firstAuthor="Marques" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" pagination="1 - 7" refId="ref189697" refString="Marques, V. M. (1983) Peuplements benthiques de Acores, 1 - echinoderms. Arquivo do Museu Bocage, AII (I), 1 - 7." type="book chapter" year="1983">Marques 1983</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C95E63040449FFCAFF63FE8177E611BC" blockId="25.[151,1437,152,971]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
<emphasis id="FB95BF160449FFCAFF63FE81773E1150" bold="true" box="[199,300,332,359]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Habitat:</emphasis>
rocky shores, coralligenous concretions, under stones and among algae and bryozoans; can form large aggregations (
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF50449FFCAFE91FEBC77FA11BC" author="Tortonese" box="[309,488,368,395]" firstAuthor="Tortonese" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" refId="ref202694" refString="Tortonese, E. (1965) Fauna D'Italia-Echinodermata. Edizioni Calderini, Bologna, 422 pp." type="book" year="1965">Tortonese 1965</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C95E63040449FFCAFF63FE5872921198" blockId="25.[151,1437,152,971]" box="[199,1152,404,431]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
<emphasis id="FB95BF160449FFCAFF63FE5877771198" bold="true" box="[199,357,405,431]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Larval stage:</emphasis>
unknown; also reproduces asexually through fission (
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF50449FFCAFC65FE5872661198" author="Tortonese" box="[961,1140,404,431]" firstAuthor="Tortonese" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" refId="ref202694" refString="Tortonese, E. (1965) Fauna D'Italia-Echinodermata. Edizioni Calderini, Bologna, 422 pp." type="book" year="1965">Tortonese 1965</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C95E63040449FFCAFF63FE74747C13FC" blockId="25.[151,1437,152,971]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
<emphasis id="FB95BF160449FFCAFF63FE74772F11E4" bold="true" box="[199,317,441,467]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Remarks:</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF50449FFCAFEE2FE7477E111E4" author="Koehler" box="[326,499,441,467]" firstAuthor="Koehler" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" refId="ref186123" refString="Koehler, R. (1924) Les echinodermes des mers d'Europe. Encyclopedie Scientifique. Tome I. Libraire Octave Doin, Paris, XIII + 361 pp." type="book" year="1924">Koehler (1924)</bibRefCitation>
listed the Azores and
<collectingCountry id="B1F623940449FFCAFD57FE74756711E4" box="[755,885,441,467]" name="Cape Verde" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Cape Verde</collectingCountry>
in the geographical distribution of
<taxonomicName id="0EE118870449FFCAFAADFE7476D411C0" baseAuthorityName="Sars" baseAuthorityYear="1859" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiactidae" genus="Ophiactis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="virens">
<emphasis id="FB95BF160449FFCAFAADFE7476D411C0" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Ophiactis virens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. We do not know the original observation on which he based these records. In the echinoderm fauna of the Azores,
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF50449FFCAFF50FDCC778C122C" author="Simroth" box="[244,414,513,539]" firstAuthor="Simroth" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" pagination="179 - 234" refId="ref200446" refString="Simroth, H. (1888) Zur kenntnis der Azorenfauna. Archiv f ̡ r Naturgeschichte, Berlin, 54 (1), 179 - 234." type="journal article" year="1888">Simroth (1888)</bibRefCitation>
reported an
<taxonomicName id="0EE118870449FFCAFD8DFDCC7484122C" authorityName="Lutken" authorityYear="1856" box="[553,662,513,539]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiactidae" genus="Ophiactis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="FB95BF160449FFCAFD8DFDCC7484122C" box="[553,662,513,539]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Ophiactis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp., which may represent the first record of
<taxonomicName id="0EE118870449FFCAFBD9FDCC72F0122C" baseAuthorityName="Sars" baseAuthorityYear="1859" box="[1149,1250,513,539]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiactidae" genus="Ophiactis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="virens">
<emphasis id="FB95BF160449FFCAFBD9FDCC72F0122C" box="[1149,1250,513,539]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">O. virens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
to the archipelago since is the only
<taxonomicName id="0EE118870449FFCAFED7FDE877F21208" authorityName="Lutken" authorityYear="1856" box="[371,480,549,575]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiactidae" genus="Ophiactis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="FB95BF160449FFCAFED7FDE877F21208" box="[371,480,549,575]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Ophiactis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species ever reported in Azorean shallow waters. Regardless,
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF50449FFCAFB30FDE8738E1208" author="Castro &amp; Viegas" box="[1172,1436,549,575]" firstAuthor="Castro" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" pagination="7 - 30" refId="ref175556" refString="Castro, M. L. &amp; Viegas, M. C. (1983) Estudo dos povoamentos de algas fotofilas da ilha de S. Miguel (Acores). Arquipelago, Serie Ciencias da Natureza, 4, 7 - 30." type="journal article" year="1983">Castro &amp; Viegas (1983)</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF50449FFCAFF6CFD84776E1254" author="Marques" box="[200,380,585,611]" firstAuthor="Marques" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" pagination="1 - 7" refId="ref189697" refString="Marques, V. M. (1983) Peuplements benthiques de Acores, 1 - echinoderms. Arquivo do Museu Bocage, AII (I), 1 - 7." type="book chapter" year="1983">Marques (1983)</bibRefCitation>
reported having collected
<taxonomicName id="0EE118870449FFCAFD0FFD8475001254" baseAuthorityName="Sars" baseAuthorityYear="1859" box="[683,786,585,611]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiactidae" genus="Ophiactis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="virens">
<emphasis id="FB95BF160449FFCAFD0FFD8474AD1254" box="[683,703,585,611]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">O</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="FB95BF160449FFCAFD6BFD8775001254" box="[719,786,586,611]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">virens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
throughout the Azorean archipelago, thus confirming the presence of this species in the Azores. Both studies indicate that locally
<taxonomicName id="0EE118870449FFCAFC62FDA0723E12B0" baseAuthorityName="Sars" baseAuthorityYear="1859" box="[966,1068,621,647]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiactidae" genus="Ophiactis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="virens">
<emphasis id="FB95BF160449FFCAFC62FDA075C812B0" box="[966,986,621,647]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">O</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="FB95BF160449FFCAFC4DFDA3723E12B0" box="[1001,1068,622,647]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">virens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
lives among algae, but Marques added that this species was far less abundant compared to
<taxonomicName id="0EE118870449FFCAFC84FD5C7233129C" baseAuthorityName="Delle Chiaje" baseAuthorityYear="1828" box="[800,1057,657,683]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Amphiuridae" genus="Amphipholis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="squamata">
<emphasis id="FB95BF160449FFCAFC84FD5C7233129C" box="[800,1057,657,683]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Amphipholis squamata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. We do not know where Castro &amp; Viegas have deposited their material and we could not find Marques’ material at the Museu Bocage, Natural History Museum (Lisbon). The zoological collection of the Department of Biology of the University of the Azores houses a large number of samples derived from rocky shore algae scrapings collected over a time period of twenty years. Among those, we found numerous specimens of
<taxonomicName id="0EE118870449FFCAFD61FCEC7540130C" baseAuthorityName="Delle Chiaje" baseAuthorityYear="1828" box="[709,850,801,827]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Amphiuridae" genus="Amphipholis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="squamata">
<emphasis id="FB95BF160449FFCAFD61FCEC74C4130C" box="[709,726,801,827]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">A</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="FB95BF160449FFCAFD41FCEF7540130C" box="[741,850,802,827]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">squamata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, yet we have failed to find a single specimen of
<taxonomicName id="0EE118870449FFCAFA25FCEC76C81368" baseAuthorityName="Sars" baseAuthorityYear="1859" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiactidae" genus="Ophiactis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="virens">
<emphasis id="FB95BF160449FFCAFA25FCEC7387130C" box="[1409,1429,801,827]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">O</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="FB95BF160449FFCAFF33FC8B76C81368" box="[151,218,838,863]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">virens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The presence in the collection of numerous specimens belonging to a species does not necessarily imply a high local abundance (biased sampling), but its absence on the other hand may reflect its rare status at present. It is possible that local populations of this fissiparous six-armed species have simply declined since the publications by Castro &amp; Viegas or Marques in the 1980s.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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