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<mods:title id="2C2AEFC6535A122086375BE74EEAA02C">The Echinoderm Fauna of the Azores (NE Atlantic Ocean)</mods:title>
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<emphasis id="FB95BF160441FFC2FF33FB5C74D6149B" bold="true" box="[151,708,1169,1196]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<emphasis id="FB95BF160441FFC2FF33FB5C777D149B" bold="true" box="[151,367,1169,1196]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Cyathidium foresti</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF50441FFC2FED2FB5C74D6149B" author="Cherbonnier &amp; Guille" box="[374,708,1169,1196]" firstAuthor="Cherbonnier" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="2193 - 2196" refId="ref175991" refString="Cherbonnier, G. &amp; Guille, A. (1972) Sur une espece actuelle de Crinoide cretacique de la famille Holopodidae: Cyanthidium foresti nov. sp. Comptes rendus hebdomadaires des seances de l'Academie des sciences. Serie D, Sciences Naturelles, 274, 2193 - 2196." type="journal article" year="1972">Cherbonnier &amp; Guille, 1972</bibRefCitation>
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Reports for the
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:
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<taxonomicName id="0EE118870441FFC2FF33FB387518153A" authority="$ Cherbonnier &amp; Guille, 1972: 2193 - 2196" authorityName="$ Cherbonnier &amp; Guille, 1972: 2193 -" authorityPageNumber="2193" authorityYear="2196" box="[151,778,1267,1293]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Cyathidium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="foresti">
<emphasis id="FB95BF160441FFC2FF33FB387747153A" box="[151,341,1269,1293]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Cyathidium foresti</emphasis>
<superScript id="3E94CE4C0441FFC2FEF9FB3E77761536" attach="right" box="[349,356,1267,1281]" fontSize="6" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">$</superScript>
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF50441FFC2FEC0FB397518153A" author="Cherbonnier &amp; Guille" box="[356,778,1268,1293]" firstAuthor="Cherbonnier" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="2193 - 2196" refId="ref175991" refString="Cherbonnier, G. &amp; Guille, A. (1972) Sur une espece actuelle de Crinoide cretacique de la famille Holopodidae: Cyanthidium foresti nov. sp. Comptes rendus hebdomadaires des seances de l'Academie des sciences. Serie D, Sciences Naturelles, 274, 2193 - 2196." type="journal article" year="1972">Cherbonnier &amp; Guille, 1972: 21932196</bibRefCitation>
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, pl. 1, figs. AI; A.M.
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF50441FFC2FC53FB3972B0153A" author="Clark" box="[1015,1186,1268,1293]" firstAuthor="Clark" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="187 - 210" refId="ref176771" refString="Clark, A. M. (1980) Crinoidea collected by the Meteor and Discovery in the NE Atlantic. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), Zoology, 38 (4), 187 - 210." type="journal article" year="1980">Clark 1980: 209</bibRefCitation>
;
<superScript id="3E94CE4C0441FFC2FB0AFB3E72A71536" attach="right" box="[1198,1205,1267,1281]" fontSize="6" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">$</superScript>
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF50441FFC2FB11FB39771A151C" author="Heinzeller" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Heinzeller" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="11 - 21" refId="ref183790" refString="Heinzeller, T., Fechter, H., Ameziane-Cominardi, N. &amp; Welsch, U. (1997) Development of Cyathidium foresti (Echinodermata: Crinoidea, Cyrtocrinida) from early attached larvae to adult-like juveniles. Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research, 35, 11 - 21. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1439 - 0469.1997. tb 00399. x" type="journal article" year="1997">
Heinzeller
<emphasis id="FB95BF160441FFC2FA83FB3B7347153A" box="[1319,1365,1269,1293]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">et al</emphasis>
. 1997: 1121
</bibRefCitation>
, figs. 17;
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<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF50441FFC2FE24FADE74D2151C" author="Ameziane" box="[384,704,1299,1324]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Ameziane" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="439 - 470" refId="ref171419" refString="Ameziane, N., Bourseau, J. P., Heinzeller, T. &amp; Roux, M. (1999) Les genres Cyathidium et Holopus au sein des Cyrtocrinida (Crinoidea; Echinodermata). Journal of Natural History, 33, 439 - 470. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 002229399300335" type="journal article" year="1999">
Améziane
<emphasis id="FB95BF160441FFC2FE49FAD9740B151C" box="[493,537,1299,1323]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">et al</emphasis>
. 1999: 441448
</bibRefCitation>
, figs. 13;
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<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF50441FFC2FC9CFADE7249151C" author="Wisshak" box="[824,1115,1299,1324]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Wisshak" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="374 - 404" refId="ref204700" refString="Wisshak, M., Lopez Correa, M., Gofas, S., Salas, C., Taviani, M., Jakobsen, J. &amp; Freiwald, A. (2009 a) Shell architecture, element composition, and stable isotope signature of the giant deep-sea oyster Neopycnodonte zibrowii sp. n. from the NE Atlantic. Deep Sea Research I, 56 (3), 374 - 404. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. dsr. 2008.10.002" type="journal article" year="2009" yearSuffix="a">
Wisshak
<emphasis id="FB95BF160441FFC2FC31FAD975D0151C" box="[917,962,1299,1323]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">et al</emphasis>
. 2009a: 7783
</bibRefCitation>
, figs. 14, 2010: 2382.
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<typeStatus id="165ADDA60441FFC2FF33FA9776C01543" box="[151,210,1370,1396]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Type</typeStatus>
locality:
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<collectingRegion id="0B25ADE60441FFC2FE9BFA97779C1543" box="[319,398,1370,1396]" country="Portugal" name="Acores" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Azores</collectingRegion>
(
<geoCoordinate id="ACD505C30441FFC2FE39FA94743B1543" box="[413,553,1369,1396]" degrees="39" direction="north" minutes="23" orientation="latitude" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" precision="15" seconds="30" value="39.39167">39°2330″N</geoCoordinate>
,
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)
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.
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<paragraph id="C95E63040441FFC2FF63FAB076FB158B" blockId="17.[151,1437,1369,2044]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<emphasis id="FB95BF160441FFC2FF63FAB076EB15AF" bold="true" box="[199,249,1405,1432]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">See:</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF50441FFC2FEA5FAB3745D15AF" author="Cherbonnier &amp; Guille" box="[257,591,1406,1432]" firstAuthor="Cherbonnier" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="2193 - 2196" refId="ref175991" refString="Cherbonnier, G. &amp; Guille, A. (1972) Sur une espece actuelle de Crinoide cretacique de la famille Holopodidae: Cyanthidium foresti nov. sp. Comptes rendus hebdomadaires des seances de l'Academie des sciences. Serie D, Sciences Naturelles, 274, 2193 - 2196." type="journal article" year="1972">Cherbonnier &amp; Guille (1972)</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF50441FFC2FDF8FAB3758415AF" author="Heinzeller &amp; Fechter" box="[604,918,1405,1432]" firstAuthor="Heinzeller" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="25 - 34" refId="ref183730" refString="Heinzeller, T. &amp; Fechter, H. (1995) Microscopical Anatomy of the Cyrtocrinid Cyathidium meteorensis (sive foresti) (Echinodermata, Crinoidea). Acta Zoologica, 76 (1), 25 - 34. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1463 - 6395.1995. tb 00979. x" type="journal article" year="1995">Heinzeller &amp; Fechter (1995</bibRefCitation>
, as
<taxonomicName id="0EE118870441FFC2FC66FAB372C015AF" authorityName="Fechter" authorityYear="1973" box="[962,1234,1406,1432]" class="Crinoidea" family="Holopodidae" genus="Cyathidium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" order="Cyrtocrinida" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="meteorensis">
<emphasis id="FB95BF160441FFC2FC66FAB372C015AF" box="[962,1234,1406,1432]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Cyathidium meteorensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
);
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF50441FFC2FB4DFAB376F7158B" author="Ameziane" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Ameziane" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="439 - 470" refId="ref171419" refString="Ameziane, N., Bourseau, J. P., Heinzeller, T. &amp; Roux, M. (1999) Les genres Cyathidium et Holopus au sein des Cyrtocrinida (Crinoidea; Echinodermata). Journal of Natural History, 33, 439 - 470. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 002229399300335" type="journal article" year="1999">
Améziane
<emphasis id="FB95BF160441FFC2FAC7FAB2738715AF" box="[1379,1429,1406,1432]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">et al</emphasis>
. (1999)
</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C95E63040441FFC2FF63FA0877161633" blockId="17.[151,1437,1369,2044]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<emphasis id="FB95BF160441FFC2FF63FA08774E15D7" bold="true" box="[199,348,1477,1504]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Occurrence:</emphasis>
Northeast Atlantic, known only from the
<collectingRegion id="0B25ADE60441FFC2FC9DFA0B759A15D7" box="[825,904,1478,1504]" country="Portugal" name="Acores" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Azores</collectingRegion>
and the Great Meteor Seamount (
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF50441FFC2FAA8FA0B76E51633" author="Ameziane" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Ameziane" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="439 - 470" refId="ref171419" refString="Ameziane, N., Bourseau, J. P., Heinzeller, T. &amp; Roux, M. (1999) Les genres Cyathidium et Holopus au sein des Cyrtocrinida (Crinoidea; Echinodermata). Journal of Natural History, 33, 439 - 470. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 002229399300335" type="journal article" year="1999">
Améziane
<emphasis id="FB95BF160441FFC2FA2CFA0A76BF1633" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">et al</emphasis>
. 1999
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C95E63040441FFC2FF63F9C37288161F" blockId="17.[151,1437,1369,2044]" box="[199,1178,1550,1576]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<emphasis id="FB95BF160441FFC2FF63F9C37708161F" bold="true" box="[199,282,1550,1576]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Depth:</emphasis>
380900 (?1,140) m (
<collectionCode id="AFF0FBC10441FFC2FDB7F9C37443161F" box="[531,593,1550,1576]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">AZO</collectionCode>
;
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF50441FFC2FDF9F9C37587161F" author="Cherbonnier &amp; Guille" box="[605,917,1550,1576]" firstAuthor="Cherbonnier" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="2193 - 2196" refId="ref175991" refString="Cherbonnier, G. &amp; Guille, A. (1972) Sur une espece actuelle de Crinoide cretacique de la famille Holopodidae: Cyanthidium foresti nov. sp. Comptes rendus hebdomadaires des seances de l'Academie des sciences. Serie D, Sciences Naturelles, 274, 2193 - 2196." type="journal article" year="1972">Cherbonnier &amp; Guille 1972</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF50441FFC2FC3BF9C3729C161F" author="Wisshak" box="[927,1166,1550,1576]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Wisshak" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="374 - 404" refId="ref204700" refString="Wisshak, M., Lopez Correa, M., Gofas, S., Salas, C., Taviani, M., Jakobsen, J. &amp; Freiwald, A. (2009 a) Shell architecture, element composition, and stable isotope signature of the giant deep-sea oyster Neopycnodonte zibrowii sp. n. from the NE Atlantic. Deep Sea Research I, 56 (3), 374 - 404. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. dsr. 2008.10.002" type="journal article" year="2009" yearSuffix="a">
Wisshak
<emphasis id="FB95BF160441FFC2FBA2F9C27225161F" box="[1030,1079,1550,1576]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">et al</emphasis>
. 2009a
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C95E63040441FFC2FF63F9FC73181647" blockId="17.[151,1437,1369,2044]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<emphasis id="FB95BF160441FFC2FF63F9FC773E167B" bold="true" box="[199,300,1585,1612]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Habitat:</emphasis>
attached on hard substrata (
<emphasis id="FB95BF160441FFC2FDC4F9FE749D167B" box="[608,655,1587,1612]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">e.g.,</emphasis>
basalt) or skeletal remains, such as deep-water oysters (
<taxonomicName id="0EE118870441FFC2FB5DF9FF77871647" authority="Gofas et al." authorityName="Gofas" class="Bivalvia" family="Gryphaeidae" genus="Neopycnodonte" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ostreoida" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="zibrowii">
<emphasis id="FB95BF160441FFC2FB5DF9FF771F1647" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Neopycnodonte zibrowii</emphasis>
Gofas
<emphasis id="FB95BF160441FFC2FEFAF99A779D1647" box="[350,399,1622,1648]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">et al</emphasis>
.
</taxonomicName>
,
<emphasis id="FB95BF160441FFC2FE00F99A77A81647" box="[420,442,1623,1648]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">in</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF50441FFC2FE65F99B74A71646" author="Wisshak" box="[449,693,1622,1649]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Wisshak" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="77 - 83" refId="ref204793" refString="Wisshak, M., Neumann, C., Jakobsen, J. &amp; Freiwald, A. (2009 b) The ' living-fossil community' of the cyrtocrinid Cyathidium foresti and the deep-sea oyster Neopycnodonte zibrowii (Azores Archipelago). Palaeogeography, Palaeoeclimatology, Palaeoecology, 271, 77 - 83. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. palaeo. 2008.09.015" type="journal article" year="2009" yearSuffix="b">
Wisshak
<emphasis id="FB95BF160441FFC2FD83F99A744A1647" box="[551,600,1622,1648]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">et al</emphasis>
., 2009b
</bibRefCitation>
) (
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF50441FFC2FD6FF99B72161647" author="Cherbonnier &amp; Guille" box="[715,1028,1622,1648]" firstAuthor="Cherbonnier" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="2193 - 2196" refId="ref175991" refString="Cherbonnier, G. &amp; Guille, A. (1972) Sur une espece actuelle de Crinoide cretacique de la famille Holopodidae: Cyanthidium foresti nov. sp. Comptes rendus hebdomadaires des seances de l'Academie des sciences. Serie D, Sciences Naturelles, 274, 2193 - 2196." type="journal article" year="1972">Cherbonnier &amp; Guille 1972</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF50441FFC2FBB4F99B72ED1647" author="Wisshak" box="[1040,1279,1622,1648]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Wisshak" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="374 - 404" refId="ref204700" refString="Wisshak, M., Lopez Correa, M., Gofas, S., Salas, C., Taviani, M., Jakobsen, J. &amp; Freiwald, A. (2009 a) Shell architecture, element composition, and stable isotope signature of the giant deep-sea oyster Neopycnodonte zibrowii sp. n. from the NE Atlantic. Deep Sea Research I, 56 (3), 374 - 404. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. dsr. 2008.10.002" type="journal article" year="2009" yearSuffix="a">
Wisshak
<emphasis id="FB95BF160441FFC2FBD2F99A72B51647" box="[1142,1191,1622,1648]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">et al</emphasis>
. 2009a
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C95E63040441FFC2FF63F9B7726116A3" blockId="17.[151,1437,1369,2044]" box="[199,1139,1658,1684]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<emphasis id="FB95BF160441FFC2FF63F9B7777716A3" bold="true" box="[199,357,1658,1684]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Larval stage:</emphasis>
direct, produces a cyathidula
<typeStatus id="165ADDA60441FFC2FD61F9B774E716A3" box="[709,757,1658,1684]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">type</typeStatus>
of larvae (
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF50441FFC2FCCAF9B7727416A3" author="Heinzeller" box="[878,1126,1658,1684]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Heinzeller" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="11 - 21" refId="ref183790" refString="Heinzeller, T., Fechter, H., Ameziane-Cominardi, N. &amp; Welsch, U. (1997) Development of Cyathidium foresti (Echinodermata: Crinoidea, Cyrtocrinida) from early attached larvae to adult-like juveniles. Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research, 35, 11 - 21. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1439 - 0469.1997. tb 00399. x" type="journal article" year="1997">
Heinzeller
<emphasis id="FB95BF160441FFC2FC4FF9B6720F16A3" box="[1003,1053,1658,1684]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">et al</emphasis>
. 1997
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C95E63040441FFC1FF63F953742510E0" blockId="17.[151,1437,1369,2044]" lastBlockId="18.[151,1436,152,215]" lastPageId="18" lastPageNumber="19" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<emphasis id="FB95BF160441FFC2FF63F9537726168F" bold="true" box="[199,308,1694,1720]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Remarks</emphasis>
:
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF50441FFC2FEE7F953749E168F" author="Cherbonnier &amp; Guille" box="[323,652,1694,1720]" firstAuthor="Cherbonnier" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="2193 - 2196" refId="ref175991" refString="Cherbonnier, G. &amp; Guille, A. (1972) Sur une espece actuelle de Crinoide cretacique de la famille Holopodidae: Cyanthidium foresti nov. sp. Comptes rendus hebdomadaires des seances de l'Academie des sciences. Serie D, Sciences Naturelles, 274, 2193 - 2196." type="journal article" year="1972">Cherbonnier &amp; Guille (1972)</bibRefCitation>
described a new enigmatic echinoderm species found among the material collected by
<emphasis id="FB95BF160441FFC2FECEF90F741116EB" box="[362,515,1730,1756]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Jean-Charcot</emphasis>
in the
<collectingRegion id="0B25ADE60441FFC2FDF5F90F74B216EB" box="[593,672,1730,1756]" country="Portugal" name="Acores" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Azores</collectingRegion>
(
<geoCoordinate id="ACD505C30441FFC2FD15F90C753016EB" box="[689,802,1729,1756]" degrees="39" direction="north" minutes="30" orientation="latitude" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" precision="925" value="39.5">39°30N</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="ACD505C30441FFC2FC86F90C759616EB" box="[802,900,1729,1756]" degrees="36" direction="north" minutes="54" orientation="latitude" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" precision="925" value="36.9">36°54N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="ACD505C30441FFC2FC34F90C721616EB" box="[912,1028,1729,1756]" degrees="31" direction="west" minutes="15" orientation="longitude" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" precision="925" value="-31.25">31°15W</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="ACD505C30441FFC2FBA0F90C727E16EB" box="[1028,1132,1729,1756]" degrees="25" direction="west" minutes="09" orientation="longitude" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" precision="925" value="-25.15">25°09W</geoCoordinate>
,
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). Overall, this species resemble more a barnacle than a crinoid, with no stalk, permanently attached to the hard substrata via an expanded aboral base of the calyx. The body is reduced to a rounded cone, with the first brachial series forming a pentagonal vault enclosing reduced arms when coiled inwards.
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF50441FFC2FCDEF8E372D7177F" author="Cherbonnier &amp; Guille" box="[890,1221,1838,1864]" firstAuthor="Cherbonnier" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="2193 - 2196" refId="ref175991" refString="Cherbonnier, G. &amp; Guille, A. (1972) Sur une espece actuelle de Crinoide cretacique de la famille Holopodidae: Cyanthidium foresti nov. sp. Comptes rendus hebdomadaires des seances de l'Academie des sciences. Serie D, Sciences Naturelles, 274, 2193 - 2196." type="journal article" year="1972">Cherbonnier &amp; Guille (1972)</bibRefCitation>
concluded that the affinity of their new species lay within
<taxonomicName id="0EE118870441FFC2FDF5F89F7589175B" authority="Steenstrup, 1847" authorityName="Steenstrup" authorityYear="1847" box="[593,923,1874,1900]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Cyathidium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="FB95BF160441FFC2FDF5F89F74C6175B" box="[593,724,1874,1900]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Cyathidium</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF50441FFC2FD7FF89F7589175B" author="Steenstrup" box="[731,923,1874,1900]" firstAuthor="Steenstrup" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="117 - 119" refId="ref201176" refString="Steenstrup, J. J. S. (1847) Gebirgsarten und Versteinerungen vom Museum der Kopenhagener Universitat. In: Amtlicher Bericht ̡ ber die 24. Versammlung Deutscher Naturforscher und Aerzte in Kiel 1846. Akademische Buchhandlung, Kiel, pp. 117 - 119." type="book chapter" year="1847">Steenstrup, 1847</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
. At the time, this genus was composed exclusively of fossil species, most thought to be extinct by the end of the Cretaceous. Since the publication by
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF50441FFC2FA96F8BB776D1783" author="Cherbonnier &amp; Guille" firstAuthor="Cherbonnier" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="2193 - 2196" refId="ref175991" refString="Cherbonnier, G. &amp; Guille, A. (1972) Sur une espece actuelle de Crinoide cretacique de la famille Holopodidae: Cyanthidium foresti nov. sp. Comptes rendus hebdomadaires des seances de l'Academie des sciences. Serie D, Sciences Naturelles, 274, 2193 - 2196." type="journal article" year="1972">Cherbonnier &amp; Guille (1972)</bibRefCitation>
, three more extant species were described for the genus, although
<taxonomicName id="0EE118870441FFC2FBC7F857731A1783" authorityName="Fechter" authorityYear="1973" box="[1123,1288,1946,1972]" class="Crinoidea" family="Holopodidae" genus="Cyathidium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" order="Cyrtocrinida" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="meteorensis">
<emphasis id="FB95BF160441FFC2FBC7F85772641783" box="[1123,1142,1946,1972]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">C</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="FB95BF160441FFC2FB27F856731A1783" box="[1155,1288,1947,1972]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">meteorensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
described by
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF50441FFC2FF33F873772F17EF" author="Fechter" box="[151,317,1982,2008]" firstAuthor="Fechter" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="162 - 169" refId="ref180291" refString="Fechter, H. (1973) Cyathidium mereorensis spec. nov., ein neuer Crinoide aus der Familie Holopodidae. Helgolander wissenschajiliche Meeresuntersuchungen, 25, 162 - 169. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / BF 01609966" type="journal article" year="1973">Fechter (1973)</bibRefCitation>
from the Great Meteor Seamount was later found to be identical with
<taxonomicName id="0EE118870441FFC2FBFFF87372D617EF" authorityName="$ Cherbonnier &amp; Guille, 1972: 2193 -" authorityYear="2196" box="[1115,1220,1982,2008]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Cyathidium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="foresti">
<emphasis id="FB95BF160441FFC2FBFFF87372D617EF" box="[1115,1220,1982,2008]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">C. foresti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(A.M.
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF50441FFC2FAB3F873738A17EF" author="Clark" box="[1303,1432,1982,2008]" firstAuthor="Clark" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="187 - 210" refId="ref176771" refString="Clark, A. M. (1980) Crinoidea collected by the Meteor and Discovery in the NE Atlantic. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), Zoology, 38 (4), 187 - 210." type="journal article" year="1980">Clark 1980</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF50441FFC2FF33F82F779917CB" author="Heinzeller" box="[151,395,2018,2044]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Heinzeller" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="11 - 21" refId="ref183790" refString="Heinzeller, T., Fechter, H., Ameziane-Cominardi, N. &amp; Welsch, U. (1997) Development of Cyathidium foresti (Echinodermata: Crinoidea, Cyrtocrinida) from early attached larvae to adult-like juveniles. Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research, 35, 11 - 21. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1439 - 0469.1997. tb 00399. x" type="journal article" year="1997">
Heinzeller
<emphasis id="FB95BF160441FFC2FEB6F82E775117CB" box="[274,323,2018,2044]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">et al</emphasis>
. 1997
</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF50441FFC2FE31F82F749517CB" author="Ameziane" box="[405,647,2018,2044]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Ameziane" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="439 - 470" refId="ref171419" refString="Ameziane, N., Bourseau, J. P., Heinzeller, T. &amp; Roux, M. (1999) Les genres Cyathidium et Holopus au sein des Cyrtocrinida (Crinoidea; Echinodermata). Journal of Natural History, 33, 439 - 470. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 002229399300335" type="journal article" year="1999">
Améziane
<emphasis id="FB95BF160441FFC2FDA9F82E742F17CB" box="[525,573,2018,2044]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">et al</emphasis>
. 1999
</bibRefCitation>
). Additionally,
<emphasis id="FB95BF160441FFC2FC95F82E756417CB" box="[817,886,2019,2044]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">in situ</emphasis>
observations of
<taxonomicName id="0EE118870441FFC2FB8BF82F728417CB" authorityName="$ Cherbonnier &amp; Guille, 1972: 2193 -" authorityYear="2196" box="[1071,1174,2018,2044]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Cyathidium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="foresti">
<emphasis id="FB95BF160441FFC2FB8BF82F725017CB" box="[1071,1090,2018,2044]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">C</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="FB95BF160441FFC2FBEBF82F728417CB" box="[1103,1174,2018,2044]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">foresti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in the channel between Faial and Pico islands (
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depth) by
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF50442FFC1FD2EFF5475911084" author="Wisshak" box="[650,899,153,179]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Wisshak" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="374 - 404" refId="ref204700" refString="Wisshak, M., Lopez Correa, M., Gofas, S., Salas, C., Taviani, M., Jakobsen, J. &amp; Freiwald, A. (2009 a) Shell architecture, element composition, and stable isotope signature of the giant deep-sea oyster Neopycnodonte zibrowii sp. n. from the NE Atlantic. Deep Sea Research I, 56 (3), 374 - 404. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. dsr. 2008.10.002" type="journal article" year="2009" yearSuffix="a">
Wisshak
<emphasis id="FB95BF160442FFC1FD4BFF57750D1084" box="[751,799,153,179]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">et al</emphasis>
. (2009a)
</bibRefCitation>
gave further insight on this species ecology and associated living fossil community.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>