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<emphasis id="FB95BF16043DFFBEFF33FD5D77A2129C" bold="true" box="[151,432,656,683]" italics="true" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">Gracilechinus alexandri</emphasis>
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)
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Reports for the
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:
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<emphasis id="FB95BF16043DFFBEFF33FD3E7742133C" box="[151,336,755,779]" italics="true" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">Echinus alexandri</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="48404515043DFFBEFD21FD3E7543133C" author="Koehler, R." box="[645,849,755,780]" page="229" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" year="1895">
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF5043DFFBEFD21FD3E7543133C" author="Koehler" box="[645,849,755,780]" firstAuthor="Koehler" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" pagination="227 - 233" refId="ref185363" refString="Koehler, R. (1895 b) Note preliminaire sur les echinides des premieres campagnes de la Princesse Alice. Bulletin de la Societe Zoologique de France, 20, 227 - 233." type="journal article" year="1895" yearSuffix="b">Koehler 1895b: 229</bibRefCitation>
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,
<treatmentCitation id="48404515043DFFBEFCF8FD3E75D6133C" author="Koehler, R." box="[860,964,755,779]" page="230" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" year="1909">
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF5043DFFBEFCF8FD3E75D6133C" author="Koehler" box="[860,964,755,779]" firstAuthor="Koehler" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" pagination="1 - 317" refId="ref185837" refString="Koehler, R. (1909) Echinodermes provenant des campagnes du yacht Princesse-Alice (Asteries, Ophiures, Echinides et Crinoides). Resultats des campagnes scientifiques accomplies sur son yacht par Albert Ier Prince Souverain de Monaco, 34, 1 - 317." type="journal article" year="1909">1909: 230</bibRefCitation>
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;
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF5043DFFBEFC6BFD3972F5133B" author="Mortensen" box="[975,1255,755,780]" firstAuthor="Mortensen" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" refId="ref192564" refString="Mortensen, T. (1927 a) Handbook of the echinoderms of the British Isles. Oxford University Press, viii + 471 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 6841" type="book" year="1927" yearSuffix="a">Mortensen 1927a: 304305</bibRefCitation>
, figs. 167.1, 172
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173, 1943a: 6568, figs. 20a, 21ab, pl. 11, figs. 811;
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF5043DFFBEFD59FCDC7588131D" author="Grieg" box="[765,922,785,810]" firstAuthor="Grieg" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" pagination="1 - 47" refId="ref183024" refString="Grieg, J. A. (1932) Echinodermata. Report of the scientific results of the Michael Sars North Atlantic deep sea expedition 1910, 3 (2), 1 - 47." type="journal article" year="1932">Grieg 1932: 42</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF5043DFFBEFC01FCDF7297131D" author="Gage" box="[933,1157,785,810]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Gage" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" pagination="173 - 214" refId="ref181474" refString="Gage, J. D., Billett, D. S. M., Jensen, M. &amp; Tyler, P. A. (1985) Echinoderms of the Rockall Trough and adjacent areas. 2. Echinoidea and Holothurioidea. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), Zoology, 48 (4), 173 - 214." type="journal article" year="1985">
Gage
<emphasis id="FB95BF16043DFFBEFC45FCDE721D131D" box="[993,1039,786,810]" italics="true" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">et al</emphasis>
. 1985: 184
</bibRefCitation>
;
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, 20,
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2122, fig. 29;?
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<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF5043DFFBEFED1FCFC740E137E" author="Peres" box="[373,540,816,841]" firstAuthor="Peres" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" pagination="237 - 264" refId="ref195889" refString="Peres, J. M. (1992) Le bathyscaphe francais Archimede aux Acores: etude bionomique et ecologique du benthos profond. Acoreana, Suplemento, 237 - 264." type="book chapter" year="1992">Pérès 1992: 255</bibRefCitation>
;
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García-Diez
<emphasis id="FB95BF16043DFFBEFD0CFCFF74C7137E" box="[680,725,817,841]" italics="true" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">et al</emphasis>
. 2005: 50
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Desbruyères
<emphasis id="FB95BF16043DFFBEFC69FCFF75E8137E" box="[973,1018,817,841]" italics="true" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">et al</emphasis>
. 2006: 479
</bibRefCitation>
, figs. 14;
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<emphasis id="FB95BF16043DFFBEFF33FC82779C1350" box="[151,398,847,871]" italics="true" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">Gracilechinus alexandri</emphasis>
(
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)
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.
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locality:
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off Lofoten (
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<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF5043DFFBEFEA5FC7774B713E3" author="Danielssen &amp; Koren" box="[257,677,954,980]" firstAuthor="Danielssen" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" pagination="267 - 299" refId="ref177988" refString="Danielssen, D. C. &amp; Koren, J. (1883) Fra den norske Nordhavsexpedition. Nyt magazin for naturvidenskaberne, 27, 267 - 299." type="journal article" year="1883">Danielssen &amp; Koren (1883: 294296</bibRefCitation>
, pl. 34, figs. 716; as
<taxonomicName id="0EE11887043DFFBEFC09FC77726913E3" authorityName="Danielssen &amp; Koren" authorityYear="1883" box="[941,1147,954,980]" class="Echinoidea" family="Echinidae" genus="Echinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Camarodonta" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="alexandri">
<emphasis id="FB95BF16043DFFBEFC09FC77726913E3" box="[941,1147,954,980]" italics="true" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">Echinus alexandri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
);
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF5043DFFBEFB30FC7776D113CF" author="Mortensen" firstAuthor="Mortensen" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" pagination="1 - 198" refId="ref192244" refString="Mortensen, T. (1903) Echinoidea (Part 1). In: The Danish Ingolf-Expedition 1895 - 1896. 4 (1). Bianco Luno, Copenhagen, 4 (1), pp. 1 - 198." type="journal article" year="1903">Mortensen (1903: 146 150</bibRefCitation>
, pl. 5, figs. 2, 3, 5,7, pl. 15, figs. 13, 17, pl. 16, fig. 8, pl. 17, figs. 9, 11, 19, 23, 25, pl. 19, figs. 16, 31, 34, 38, pl. 20, figs. 1, 2, 27, pl. 21, figs. 1820, 27; 1943a);
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF5043DFFBEFD44FBCF7212142A" author="Desbruyeres" box="[736,1024,1026,1053]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Desbruyeres" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" pagination="1 - 544" refId="ref178560" refString="Desbruyeres, D. l., Segonzac, M. &amp; Bright, M. (2006) Handbook of Deep-Sea Hydrothermal Vent Fauna. Second Edition. Denisia, 18, 1 - 544." type="journal article" year="2006">
Desbruyères
<emphasis id="FB95BF16043DFFBEFCD7FBCE75B6142B" box="[883,932,1026,1052]" italics="true" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">et al</emphasis>
. (2006)
</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C95E6304043DFFBEFF63FBE872BC14BF" blockId="109.[151,1437,917,1737]" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">
<emphasis id="FB95BF16043DFFBEFF63FBE8774E1477" bold="true" box="[199,348,1061,1088]" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">Occurrence:</emphasis>
North Atlantic, in the west, along the east side of North America (
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF5043DFFBEFBC6FBEB73511477" author="Serafy &amp; Fell" box="[1122,1347,1061,1088]" firstAuthor="Serafy" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" pagination="1 - 27" refId="ref200035" refString="Serafy, D. K. &amp; Fell, F. J. (1985) Marine Flora and Fauna of the Northeastern United States. Echinodermata: Echinoidea. NOAA Technical Report NMFS, 33, 1 - 27." type="journal article" year="1985">Serafy &amp; Fell 1985</bibRefCitation>
) and in the east from Icelandic, Scandinavian and British deep waters (
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF5043DFFBEFCFAFB8772081453" author="Mortensen" box="[862,1050,1098,1124]" firstAuthor="Mortensen" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" pagination="1 - 198" refId="ref192244" refString="Mortensen, T. (1903) Echinoidea (Part 1). In: The Danish Ingolf-Expedition 1895 - 1896. 4 (1). Bianco Luno, Copenhagen, 4 (1), pp. 1 - 198." type="journal article" year="1903">Mortensen 1903</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF5043DFFBEFB82FB87727C1453" author="Mortensen" box="[1062,1134,1098,1124]" firstAuthor="Mortensen" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" refId="ref192564" refString="Mortensen, T. (1927 a) Handbook of the echinoderms of the British Isles. Oxford University Press, viii + 471 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 6841" type="book" year="1927" yearSuffix="a">1927a</bibRefCitation>
), southwards to the Bay of Biscay and the Azores (
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF5043DFFBEFE05FBA3745214BF" author="Koehler" box="[417,576,1134,1160]" firstAuthor="Koehler" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" pagination="1 - 317" refId="ref185837" refString="Koehler, R. (1909) Echinodermes provenant des campagnes du yacht Princesse-Alice (Asteries, Ophiures, Echinides et Crinoides). Resultats des campagnes scientifiques accomplies sur son yacht par Albert Ier Prince Souverain de Monaco, 34, 1 - 317." type="journal article" year="1909">Koehler 1909</bibRefCitation>
); possibly also in
<collectingCountry id="B1F62394043DFFBEFCADFBA375D814BF" box="[777,970,1134,1160]" name="Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">Tristan da Cunha</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF5043DFFBEFC7CFBA372B014BF" author="Mortensen" box="[984,1186,1134,1160]" firstAuthor="Mortensen" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" refId="ref193059" refString="Mortensen, T. (1943 a) A Monograph of the Echinoidea. III. 3. Camarodonta. II. Echinidae, Strongylocentrotidae, Parasaleniidae, Echinometridae. C. A. Reitzel, Copenhagen, 446 pp." type="book" year="1943" yearSuffix="a">Mortensen 1943a</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C95E6304043DFFBEFF63FB5F736A149B" blockId="109.[151,1437,917,1737]" box="[199,1400,1169,1197]" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">
<emphasis id="FB95BF16043DFFBEFF63FB5F7708149B" bold="true" box="[199,282,1170,1196]" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">Depth:</emphasis>
230
<quantity id="0E19CEE1043DFFBEFEFDFB5C77A7149B" box="[345,437,1169,1196]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.15" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" unit="m" value="3.15">3,150 m</quantity>
(
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF5043DFFBEFE67FB5F74C6149A" author="Desbruyeres" box="[451,724,1170,1197]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Desbruyeres" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" pagination="1 - 544" refId="ref178560" refString="Desbruyeres, D. l., Segonzac, M. &amp; Bright, M. (2006) Handbook of Deep-Sea Hydrothermal Vent Fauna. Second Edition. Denisia, 18, 1 - 544." type="journal article" year="2006">
Desbruyères
<emphasis id="FB95BF16043DFFBEFDFCFB5E749B149B" box="[600,649,1170,1196]" italics="true" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">et al</emphasis>
. 2006
</bibRefCitation>
);
<collectionCode id="AFF0FBC1043DFFBEFD41FB5F7531149B" box="[741,803,1170,1196]" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">AZO</collectionCode>
:
<geoCoordinate id="ACD505C3043DFFBEFC8AFB5C757F149B" box="[814,877,1169,1196]" degrees="1,165" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" precision="55" value="1.165">1,165</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="ACD505C3043DFFBEFCC8FB5C75A9149B" box="[876,955,1169,1196]" degrees="1,940" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" precision="55" value="-1.94">1,940</geoCoordinate>
(?2,560) m (
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF5043DFFBEFBE7FB5F72F3149B" author="Koehler" box="[1091,1249,1170,1196]" firstAuthor="Koehler" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" pagination="1 - 317" refId="ref185837" refString="Koehler, R. (1909) Echinodermes provenant des campagnes du yacht Princesse-Alice (Asteries, Ophiures, Echinides et Crinoides). Resultats des campagnes scientifiques accomplies sur son yacht par Albert Ier Prince Souverain de Monaco, 34, 1 - 317." type="journal article" year="1909">Koehler 1909</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF5043DFFBEFB48FB5F737E149B" author="Peres" box="[1260,1388,1170,1196]" firstAuthor="Peres" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" pagination="237 - 264" refId="ref195889" refString="Peres, J. M. (1992) Le bathyscaphe francais Archimede aux Acores: etude bionomique et ecologique du benthos profond. Acoreana, Suplemento, 237 - 264." type="book chapter" year="1992">Pérès 1992</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C95E6304043DFFBEFF63FB7877A9150A" blockId="109.[151,1437,917,1737]" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">
<emphasis id="FB95BF16043DFFBEFF63FB78773E14E7" bold="true" box="[199,300,1205,1232]" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">Habitat:</emphasis>
soft substrates, ooze to sand (
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF5043DFFBEFD22FB7B753414E7" author="Koehler" box="[646,806,1206,1232]" firstAuthor="Koehler" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" pagination="1 - 317" refId="ref185837" refString="Koehler, R. (1909) Echinodermes provenant des campagnes du yacht Princesse-Alice (Asteries, Ophiures, Echinides et Crinoides). Resultats des campagnes scientifiques accomplies sur son yacht par Albert Ier Prince Souverain de Monaco, 34, 1 - 317." type="journal article" year="1909">Koehler 1909</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF5043DFFBEFC96FB7B75E714E7" author="Gage" box="[818,1013,1205,1232]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Gage" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" pagination="173 - 214" refId="ref181474" refString="Gage, J. D., Billett, D. S. M., Jensen, M. &amp; Tyler, P. A. (1985) Echinoderms of the Rockall Trough and adjacent areas. 2. Echinoidea and Holothurioidea. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), Zoology, 48 (4), 173 - 214." type="journal article" year="1985">
Gage
<emphasis id="FB95BF16043DFFBEFCD2FB7A75BB14E7" box="[886,937,1206,1232]" italics="true" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">et al</emphasis>
. 1985
</bibRefCitation>
); diet consisting of bottom mud with foraminiferans (
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF5043DFFBEFEEAFB17742714C3" author="Serafy &amp; Fell" box="[334,565,1241,1268]" firstAuthor="Serafy" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" pagination="1 - 27" refId="ref200035" refString="Serafy, D. K. &amp; Fell, F. J. (1985) Marine Flora and Fauna of the Northeastern United States. Echinodermata: Echinoidea. NOAA Technical Report NMFS, 33, 1 - 27." type="journal article" year="1985">Serafy &amp; Fell 1985</bibRefCitation>
); feeds also on deep-sea reef building corals such as
<taxonomicName id="0EE11887043DFFBEFB03FB17737B14C3" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[1191,1385,1242,1268]" class="Anthozoa" family="Caryophylliidae" genus="Lophelia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scleractinia" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="pertusa">
<emphasis id="FB95BF16043DFFBEFB03FB17737B14C3" box="[1191,1385,1242,1268]" italics="true" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">Lophelia pertusa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="0EE11887043DFFBEFF33FB337767152F" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[151,373,1278,1304]" class="Anthozoa" family="Oculinidae" genus="Madrepora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scleractinia" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="oculata">
<emphasis id="FB95BF16043DFFBEFF33FB337767152F" box="[151,373,1278,1304]" italics="true" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">Madrepora oculata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF5043DFFBEFE23FB3374A6152F" author="Stevenson &amp; Rocha" box="[391,692,1278,1304]" firstAuthor="Stevenson" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" pagination="73 - 78" refId="ref201122" refString="Stevenson, A. &amp; Rocha, C. (2012) Evidence for the bioerosion of deep-water corals by echinoids in the Northeast Atlantic. Deep-Sea Research I, Oceanographic Research Papers, 71, 73 - 78. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. dsr. 2012.09.005" type="journal article" year="2012">
Stevenson &amp;
<collectingRegion id="0B25ADE6043DFFBEFD82FB33747C152F" box="[550,622,1278,1304]" country="Uruguay" name="Rocha" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">Rocha</collectingRegion>
2012
</bibRefCitation>
); can be found in the vicinity of deep-water hydrothermal vents (
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF5043DFFBEFF3BFAEF77BD150A" author="Desbruyeres" box="[159,431,1314,1341]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Desbruyeres" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" pagination="1 - 544" refId="ref178560" refString="Desbruyeres, D. l., Segonzac, M. &amp; Bright, M. (2006) Handbook of Deep-Sea Hydrothermal Vent Fauna. Second Edition. Denisia, 18, 1 - 544." type="journal article" year="2006">
Desbruyères
<emphasis id="FB95BF16043DFFBEFE97FAEE7777150B" box="[307,357,1314,1340]" italics="true" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">et al</emphasis>
. 2006
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C95E6304043DFFBEFF63FA8B74A01557" blockId="109.[151,1437,917,1737]" box="[199,690,1349,1376]" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">
<emphasis id="FB95BF16043DFFBEFF63FA8B77771557" bold="true" box="[199,357,1350,1376]" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">Larval stage:</emphasis>
planktotrophic (
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF5043DFFBEFDBAFA8B74B41557" author="Emlet" box="[542,678,1349,1376]" firstAuthor="Emlet" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" pagination="476 - 489" refId="ref179967" refString="Emlet, R. B. (1995) Developmental mode and species geographic range in regular sea urchins (Echinodermata: Echinoidea). Evolution, 49 (3), 476 - 489. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1558 - 5646.1995. tb 02280. x" type="journal article" year="1995">Emlet 1995</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C95E6304043DFFBEFF63FAA7743816FE" blockId="109.[151,1437,917,1737]" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">
<emphasis id="FB95BF16043DFFBEFF63FAA7772F15B3" bold="true" box="[199,317,1386,1412]" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">Remarks:</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF5043DFFBEFEECFAA777E515B3" author="Koehler" box="[328,503,1386,1412]" firstAuthor="Koehler" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" pagination="1 - 78" refId="ref185623" refString="Koehler, R. (1898) Echinides et Ophiures provenant des campagnes du yacht Hirondelle (Golfe de Gascogne, Acores, Terre- Neuve). Resultats des campagnes scientifiques accomplies sur son yacht par Albert Ier Prince Souverain de Monaco, 12, 1 - 78." type="journal article" year="1898">Koehler (1898)</bibRefCitation>
examined young specimens collected by
<emphasis id="FB95BF16043DFFBEFC7AFAA7724515B3" box="[990,1111,1386,1412]" italics="true" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">Hirondelle</emphasis>
in Azorean waters between 1,372 and
<quantity id="0E19CEE1043DFFBEFEB0FA407764159F" box="[276,374,1421,1448]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.85" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" unit="m" value="1.85">1,850 m</quantity>
, which he identified as possible
<taxonomicName id="0EE11887043DFFBEFD5CFA4375F9159F" baseAuthorityName="Lamarck" baseAuthorityYear="1816" box="[760,1003,1422,1448]" class="Echinoidea" family="Echinidae" genus="Gracilechinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Camarodonta" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="acutus">
<emphasis id="FB95BF16043DFFBEFD5CFA4375F9159F" box="[760,1003,1422,1448]" italics="true" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">Gracilechinus acutus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(=
<taxonomicName id="0EE11887043DFFBEFBBDFA4372D5159F" authorityName="Lamarck" authorityYear="1816" box="[1049,1223,1422,1448]" class="Echinoidea" family="Echinidae" genus="Echinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Camarodonta" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="acutus">
<emphasis id="FB95BF16043DFFBEFBBDFA4372D5159F" box="[1049,1223,1422,1448]" italics="true" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">Echinus acutus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) or
<taxonomicName id="0EE11887043DFFBEFB5AFA43771015FB" baseAuthorityName="Danielssen et Koren" baseAuthorityYear="1883" class="Echinoidea" family="Echinidae" genus="Gracilechinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Camarodonta" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="alexandri">
<emphasis id="FB95BF16043DFFBEFB5AFA43771015FB" italics="true" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">Gracilechinus alexandri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(=
<taxonomicName id="0EE11887043DFFBEFE8AFA7F77EE15FB" authorityName="Danielssen &amp; Koren" authorityYear="1883" box="[302,508,1458,1484]" class="Echinoidea" family="Echinidae" genus="Echinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Camarodonta" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="alexandri">
<emphasis id="FB95BF16043DFFBEFE8AFA7F77EE15FB" box="[302,508,1458,1484]" italics="true" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">Echinus alexandri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) but due to the small size of the animals (less than
<quantity id="0E19CEE1043DFFBEFBF1FA7F728215FB" box="[1109,1168,1458,1484]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" unit="cm" value="1.0">1 cm</quantity>
) he could not ascertain without doubt. The confirmation of
<taxonomicName id="0EE11887043DFFBEFD97FA1B74D015C7" authorityName="Danielssen &amp; Koren" authorityYear="1883" box="[563,706,1494,1520]" class="Echinoidea" family="Echinidae" genus="Echinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Camarodonta" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="alexandri">
<emphasis id="FB95BF16043DFFBEFD97FA1B74D015C7" box="[563,706,1494,1520]" italics="true" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">G. alexandri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
presence in the archipelago was made later by
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF5043DFFBEFB47FA1B738A15C7" author="Koehler" box="[1251,1432,1493,1520]" firstAuthor="Koehler" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" pagination="227 - 233" refId="ref185363" refString="Koehler, R. (1895 b) Note preliminaire sur les echinides des premieres campagnes de la Princesse Alice. Bulletin de la Societe Zoologique de France, 20, 227 - 233." type="journal article" year="1895" yearSuffix="b">Koehler (1895b</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF5043DFFBEFF33FA3776C21623" author="Koehler" box="[151,208,1530,1556]" firstAuthor="Koehler" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" pagination="1 - 317" refId="ref185837" refString="Koehler, R. (1909) Echinodermes provenant des campagnes du yacht Princesse-Alice (Asteries, Ophiures, Echinides et Crinoides). Resultats des campagnes scientifiques accomplies sur son yacht par Albert Ier Prince Souverain de Monaco, 34, 1 - 317." type="journal article" year="1909">1909</bibRefCitation>
) who identified material belonging to this species collected by
<emphasis id="FB95BF16043DFFBEFC1CFA36727B1623" box="[952,1129,1530,1556]" italics="true" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">Princesse Alice</emphasis>
at several stations located inside the Azorean waters. During a dive made by the bathyscaphe
<emphasis id="FB95BF16043DFFBEFCD8F9D375E7160F" box="[892,1013,1566,1592]" italics="true" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">Archimède</emphasis>
north of the S„o Miguel,
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF5043DFFBEFAABF9D3738E160F" author="Peres" box="[1295,1436,1566,1592]" firstAuthor="Peres" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" pagination="237 - 264" refId="ref195889" refString="Peres, J. M. (1992) Le bathyscaphe francais Archimede aux Acores: etude bionomique et ecologique du benthos profond. Acoreana, Suplemento, 237 - 264." type="book chapter" year="1992">Pérès (1992)</bibRefCitation>
claimed to observe an animal of this species at a depth of
<quantity id="0E19CEE1043DFFBEFCA8F98C757A166B" box="[780,872,1601,1628]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.56" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" unit="m" value="2.56">2,560 m</quantity>
, though no specimen was collected. More recently, a small population of
<taxonomicName id="0EE11887043DFFBEFE2FF9AB740A16B7" authorityName="Danielssen &amp; Koren" authorityYear="1883" box="[395,536,1638,1664]" class="Echinoidea" family="Echinidae" genus="Echinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Camarodonta" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="alexandri">
<emphasis id="FB95BF16043DFFBEFE2FF9AB778D16B7" box="[395,415,1638,1664]" italics="true" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">G</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="FB95BF16043DFFBEFE09F9AB740A16B7" box="[429,536,1638,1664]" italics="true" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">alexandri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was found at one time in the vicinity of the Azorean Mid-Atlantic hydrothermal vent field Lucky Strike, from which a specimen has been figured in the Handbook of Deep-Sea Hydrothermal Vent Fauna by
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF5043DFFBEFEA2F963743716FE" author="Desbruyeres" box="[262,549,1710,1737]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Desbruyeres" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" pagination="1 - 544" refId="ref178560" refString="Desbruyeres, D. l., Segonzac, M. &amp; Bright, M. (2006) Handbook of Deep-Sea Hydrothermal Vent Fauna. Second Edition. Denisia, 18, 1 - 544." type="journal article" year="2006">
Desbruyères
<emphasis id="FB95BF16043DFFBEFE3DF96277D816FF" box="[409,458,1710,1736]" italics="true" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">et al</emphasis>
. (2006)
</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>