754 lines
91 KiB
XML
754 lines
91 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="E50E918F554B84798016AF6E85F37062">The Echinoderm Fauna of the Azores (NE Atlantic Ocean)</mods:title>
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<heading id="9216D4680438FFBBFF33FB4874191497" bold="true" box="[151,523,1157,1184]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="104" pageNumber="105" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="0EE118870438FFBBFF33FB4874191497" ID-CoL="G6C4" ID-ENA="7640" authority="(Linnaeus, 1758)" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[151,523,1157,1184]" class="Echinoidea" family="Arbaciidae" genus="Arbacia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Arbacioida" pageId="104" pageNumber="105" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="lixula">
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<emphasis id="FB95BF160438FFBBFF33FB4874191497" bold="true" box="[151,523,1157,1184]" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">
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<emphasis id="FB95BF160438FFBBFF33FB48772F1497" bold="true" box="[151,317,1157,1184]" italics="true" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">Arbacia lixula</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF50438FFBBFEE9FB4874111497" author="Linnaeus" box="[333,515,1157,1184]" firstAuthor="Linnaeus" pageId="104" pageNumber="105" refId="ref187346" refString="Linnaeus, C. (1758) Systema Naturae. 1. 10 th Edition. Impensis Direct. Laurentii Salvii, Holmiae, 824 pp." type="book" year="1758">Linnaeus, 1758</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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<subSubSection id="81FB308F0438FFBBFF33FB6477811531" pageId="104" pageNumber="105" type="description">
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<paragraph id="C95E63040438FFBBFF33FB6476EB14F3" blockId="104.[151,523,1157,1220]" box="[151,249,1193,1220]" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">
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(
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<figureCitation id="51DA7F810438FFBBFF04FB6476E314F3" box="[160,241,1193,1220]" captionStart="FIGURE 23" captionStartId="106.[151,250,1401,1426]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,453,1382]" captionTargetId="figure@106.[151,1436,453,1382]" captionTargetPageId="106" captionText="FIGURE 23. Arbacia lixula (Linnaeus, 1758) (DBUA-ECH 015: A–C; DBUA-ECH 020: D–F; DOP 3024: G–I). Aboral view (A, D, G); oral view (B, E, H); lateral view (C, F, I)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3342207/files/figure.png" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">Fig. 23</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="C95E63040438FFBBFF33FB2377811531" blockId="104.[151,1437,1261,1807]" box="[151,403,1261,1286]" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">
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<emphasis id="FB95BF160438FFBBFF33FB2377811531" bold="true" box="[151,403,1261,1286]" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">
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Reports for the
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<collectingRegion id="0B25ADE60438FFBBFEE4FB20779C1531" box="[320,398,1261,1286]" country="Portugal" name="Acores" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">Azores</collectingRegion>
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:
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</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="C95E63040438FFBBFF33FAC174611513" blockId="104.[151,1437,1261,1807]" box="[151,627,1290,1317]" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">
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<taxonomicName id="0EE118870438FFBBFF33FAC177B71513" authorityName="Blainville" authorityYear="1825" box="[151,421,1292,1316]" class="Echinoidea" family="Echinidae" genus="Echinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Camarodonta" pageId="104" pageNumber="105" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="aequituberculatus">
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<emphasis id="FB95BF160438FFBBFF33FAC177B71513" box="[151,421,1292,1316]" italics="true" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">Echinus aequituberculatus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
—
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<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF50438FFBBFE62FAC0747D1513" author="Drouet" box="[454,623,1292,1317]" firstAuthor="Drouet" pageId="104" pageNumber="105" refId="ref179582" refString="Drouet, H. (1861) Element de la Faune acoreenne. J. B. Bailliere & Fils, Lubaires de L'Academie de Medicine, Paris, 245 pp." type="book" year="1861">Drouët 1861: 93</bibRefCitation>
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;
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="C95E63040438FFBBFF33FAE672371574" blockId="104.[151,1437,1261,1807]" box="[151,1061,1321,1347]" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">
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<taxonomicName id="0EE118870438FFBBFF33FAE677F01574" baseAuthorityName="Blainville" baseAuthorityYear="1825" box="[151,482,1323,1347]" class="Echinoidea" family="Arbaciidae" genus="Echinocidaris" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Arbacioida" pageId="104" pageNumber="105" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="aequituberculatus">
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<emphasis id="FB95BF160438FFBBFF33FAE677F01574" box="[151,482,1323,1347]" italics="true" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">Echinocidaris aequituberculatus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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Desmoulins—
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<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF50438FFBBFD26FAE6757B1574" author="Drouet" box="[642,873,1322,1347]" firstAuthor="Drouet" pageId="104" pageNumber="105" refId="ref179582" refString="Drouet, H. (1861) Element de la Faune acoreenne. J. B. Bailliere & Fils, Lubaires de L'Academie de Medicine, Paris, 245 pp." type="book" year="1861">Drouët 1861: 210–211</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF50438FFBBFCD0FAE772331574" author="Barrois" box="[884,1057,1322,1347]" firstAuthor="Barrois" pageId="104" pageNumber="105" pagination="31 - 33" refId="ref173365" refString="Barrois, T. (1888) Liste des Echinodermes recueillis aux Acores durant les mois d'Ao r t et September 1887. Revue Biologique du Nord de la France, 1, 31 - 33 + 69 - 75 + 109 - 115." type="journal article" year="1888">Barrois 1888: 31</bibRefCitation>
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;
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="C95E63040438FFBBFF33FA8774FB1555" blockId="104.[151,1437,1261,1807]" box="[151,745,1352,1378]" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">
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<taxonomicName id="0EE118870438FFBBFF33FA8774021555" ID-CoL="38H52" authority="Gray, 1835" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1835" box="[151,528,1353,1378]" class="Echinoidea" family="Arbaciidae" genus="Arbacia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Arbacioida" pageId="104" pageNumber="105" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="aequituberculata">
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<emphasis id="FB95BF160438FFBBFF33FA8777891555" box="[151,411,1354,1378]" italics="true" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">Arbacia aequituberculata</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF50438FFBBFE06FA8774021555" author="Gray" box="[418,528,1353,1378]" firstAuthor="Gray" pageId="104" pageNumber="105" pagination="57 - 59" refId="ref182745" refString="Gray, J. E. (1835) On the genera distinguishable in Echinus Lamarck. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 3, 57 - 59." type="journal article" year="1835">Gray, 1835</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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—
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<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF50438FFBBFD97FA8474F71555" author="Agassiz" box="[563,741,1353,1378]" firstAuthor="Agassiz" pageId="104" pageNumber="105" pagination="17 - 28" refId="ref170747" refString="Agassiz, A. (1863) List of the echinoderms sent to different Institutions in exchange for other specimens, with annotations. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zo ˆ logy at Harvard College, 1 (2), 17 - 28." type="journal article" year="1863">Agassiz 1863: 20</bibRefCitation>
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;
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="C95E63040438FFBBFF33FAA574C115A8" blockId="104.[151,1437,1261,1807]" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">
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<taxonomicName id="0EE118870438FFBBFF33FAA577D615B6" ID-CoL="38H5B" authority="Gray, 1835" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1835" box="[151,452,1384,1409]" class="Echinoidea" family="Arbaciidae" genus="Arbacia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Arbacioida" pageId="104" pageNumber="105" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="pustulosa">
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<emphasis id="FB95BF160438FFBBFF33FAA5774215B7" box="[151,336,1384,1408]" italics="true" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">Arbacia pustulosa</emphasis>
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||
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF50438FFBBFEF1FAA577D615B6" author="Gray" box="[341,452,1384,1409]" firstAuthor="Gray" pageId="104" pageNumber="105" pagination="57 - 59" refId="ref182745" refString="Gray, J. E. (1835) On the genera distinguishable in Echinus Lamarck. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 3, 57 - 59." type="journal article" year="1835">Gray, 1835</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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—
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF50438FFBBFE7AFAA574DD15B7" author="Agassiz" box="[478,719,1384,1409]" firstAuthor="Agassiz" pageId="104" pageNumber="105" pagination="1 - 762" refId="ref170857" refString="Agassiz, A. (1872 - 1874) Revision of the Echini. Illustrated catalogue of the Museum of Comparative Zo ˆ logy at Harvard College, 7 (1 - 4), 1 - 762." type="journal article" year="1872">Agassiz 1872: 232–234</bibRefCitation>
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, pl.
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, fig. 5, pl. 2a, figs. 15–33, pl. 5, figs. 19–21, pl. 28, fig. 6, pl. 38, figs. 10a–c;
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<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF50438FFBBFEEFFA4B740D15A8" author="Barrois" box="[331,543,1414,1439]" firstAuthor="Barrois" pageId="104" pageNumber="105" pagination="31 - 33" refId="ref173365" refString="Barrois, T. (1888) Liste des Echinodermes recueillis aux Acores durant les mois d'Ao r t et September 1887. Revue Biologique du Nord de la France, 1, 31 - 33 + 69 - 75 + 109 - 115." type="journal article" year="1888">Barrois 1888: 74–75</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF50438FFBBFD94FA4B74DD15A8" author="John" box="[560,719,1414,1439]" firstAuthor="John" pageId="104" pageNumber="105" pagination="268 - 302" refId="ref184914" refString="John, G. (1889) Ueber bohrende Seeigel. Archiv f ̡ r Naturgeschichte, 55 (1), 268 - 302." type="journal article" year="1889">John 1889: 285</bibRefCitation>
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;
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="C95E63040438FFBBFF33FA6B72131589" blockId="104.[151,1437,1261,1807]" box="[151,1025,1444,1470]" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">
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<taxonomicName id="0EE118870438FFBBFF33FA6B77F31589" ID-CoL="38H5B" authority="(Leske, 1778)" baseAuthorityName="Leske" baseAuthorityYear="1778" box="[151,481,1445,1470]" class="Echinoidea" family="Arbaciidae" genus="Arbacia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Arbacioida" pageId="104" pageNumber="105" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="pustulosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="FB95BF160438FFBBFF33FA6B77421589" box="[151,336,1446,1470]" italics="true" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">Arbacia pustulosa</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF50438FFBBFEFAFA6877C81589" author="Leske" box="[350,474,1445,1470]" firstAuthor="Leske" pageId="104" pageNumber="105" refId="ref187144" refString="Leske, N. G. (1778) Jacobi Theodori Klein naturalis dispositio echinodermatum et lucubratiunculam de aculeis echinorum marinorum. Ex Officlna Gleditschiana, Leipzig, xx + 214 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 11571" type="book" year="1778">Leske, 1778</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
—
|
||
<superScript id="3E94CE4C0438FFBBFE59FA6974161585" attach="right" box="[509,516,1444,1458]" fontSize="6" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">$</superScript>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF50438FFBBFDA0FA6874D71589" author="Simroth" box="[516,709,1445,1470]" firstAuthor="Simroth" pageId="104" pageNumber="105" pagination="179 - 234" refId="ref200446" refString="Simroth, H. (1888) Zur kenntnis der Azorenfauna. Archiv f ̡ r Naturgeschichte, Berlin, 54 (1), 179 - 234." type="journal article" year="1888">Simroth 1888: 231</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<superScript id="3E94CE4C0438FFBBFD6BFA6974C41585" attach="right" box="[719,726,1444,1458]" fontSize="6" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">$</superScript>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF50438FFBBFD73FA6875B01589" author="Koehler" box="[727,930,1445,1470]" firstAuthor="Koehler" pageId="104" pageNumber="105" pagination="223 - 227" refId="ref185329" refString="Koehler, R. (1895 a) Note preliminaire sur les echinides recueillis pendant les campagnes de l'Hirondelle. Bulletin de la Societe Zoologique de France, 20, 223 - 227." type="journal article" year="1895" yearSuffix="a">Koehler 1895a: 224</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF50438FFBBFC09FA6B75EE1589" author="Koehler" box="[941,1020,1446,1470]" firstAuthor="Koehler" pageId="104" pageNumber="105" pagination="1 - 78" refId="ref185623" refString="Koehler, R. (1898) Echinides et Ophiures provenant des campagnes du yacht Hirondelle (Golfe de Gascogne, Acores, Terre- Neuve). Resultats des campagnes scientifiques accomplies sur son yacht par Albert Ier Prince Souverain de Monaco, 12, 1 - 78." type="journal article" year="1898">1898: 9</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="C95E63040438FFBBFF33FA0975EA1641" blockId="104.[151,1437,1261,1807]" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0EE118870438FFBBFF33FA0977CF15EA" ID-CoL="G6C4" authority="(Linnaeus, 1758)" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[151,477,1476,1501]" class="Echinoidea" family="Arbaciidae" genus="Arbacia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Arbacioida" pageId="104" pageNumber="105" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="lixula">
|
||
<emphasis id="FB95BF160438FFBBFF33FA09773915EB" box="[151,299,1476,1500]" italics="true" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">Arbacia lixula</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF50438FFBBFE9DFA0977C415EA" author="Linnaeus" box="[313,470,1476,1501]" firstAuthor="Linnaeus" pageId="104" pageNumber="105" refId="ref187346" refString="Linnaeus, C. (1758) Systema Naturae. 1. 10 th Edition. Impensis Direct. Laurentii Salvii, Holmiae, 824 pp." type="book" year="1758">Linnaeus, 1758</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
—
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF50438FFBBFE5CFA0974AE15EA" author="Jackson" box="[504,700,1476,1501]" firstAuthor="Jackson" pageId="104" pageNumber="105" pagination="1 - 491" refId="ref184711" refString="Jackson, R. T. (1912) Phylogeny of the Echini with a revision of Palaeozoic species. Memoirs of the Boston Society of Natural History, 7, 1 - 491. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 4630" type="journal article" year="1912">Jackson 1912: 158</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF50438FFBBFD6CFA0875A315EB" author="Mortensen" box="[712,945,1476,1500]" firstAuthor="Mortensen" pageId="104" pageNumber="105" refId="ref192564" refString="Mortensen, T. (1927 a) Handbook of the echinoderms of the British Isles. Oxford University Press, viii + 471 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 6841" type="book" year="1927" yearSuffix="a">Mortensen 1927a: 290</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF50438FFBBFC19FA09724815EA" author="Mortensen" box="[957,1114,1476,1501]" firstAuthor="Mortensen" pageId="104" pageNumber="105" refId="ref192820" refString="Mortensen, T. (1935) A Monograph of the Echinoidea. II. Bothriocidaroida, Melonechinoida, Lepidocentroida, and Stirodonta. C. A. Reitzel & Oxford University Press, Copenhagen & London, 647 pp." type="book" year="1935">1935: 566–572</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, pl. 70, fig. 13, pl. 87, figs. 11, 12;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF50438FFBBFF54FA2E77B215CC" author="Harvey" box="[240,416,1506,1531]" firstAuthor="Harvey" pageId="104" pageNumber="105" refId="ref183538" refString="Harvey, E. B. (1956) The American Arbacia and other sea urchins. Princeton University Press. Princeton, viii + 298. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 7234" type="book" year="1956">Harvey 1956: 51</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, 63;
|
||
<superScript id="3E94CE4C0438FFBBFE73FA2C77CC15D8" attach="right" box="[471,478,1505,1519]" fontSize="6" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">$</superScript>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF50438FFBBFE7AFA2E74B815CC" author="Marques" box="[478,682,1506,1531]" firstAuthor="Marques" pageId="104" pageNumber="105" pagination="1 - 7" refId="ref189697" refString="Marques, V. M. (1983) Peuplements benthiques de Acores, 1 - echinoderms. Arquivo do Museu Bocage, AII (I), 1 - 7." type="book chapter" year="1983">Marques 1983: 4–5</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<superScript id="3E94CE4C0438FFBBFD13FA2C74AC15D8" attach="right" box="[695,702,1505,1519]" fontSize="6" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">$</superScript>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF50438FFBBFD1AFA2E75AE15CC" author="Marques" box="[702,956,1507,1531]" firstAuthor="Marques" pageId="104" pageNumber="105" pagination="103 - 108" refId="ref189729" refString="Marques, V. M. (1984) Effects of Arbacia lixula (L.) (Echinoidea) on the algal communities of S " o Miguel and Graciosa islands (Azores archipelago: Portugal). Arquivos do Museu Bocage, Serie B, 2 (13), 103 - 108." type="journal article" year="1984">Marques 1984: 103–108</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, fig. 1;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF50438FFBBFBB5FA2F72ED15CC" author="Pereira" box="[1041,1279,1506,1531]" firstAuthor="Pereira" pageId="104" pageNumber="105" pagination="331 - 337" refId="ref195814" refString="Pereira, M. (1997) Checklist of the littoral echinoderms of the Azores. Acoreana, 8 (3), 331 - 337." type="journal article" year="1997">Pereira 1997: 333–334</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<superScript id="3E94CE4C0438FFBBFAAFFA2C730015D8" attach="right" box="[1291,1298,1505,1519]" fontSize="6" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">$</superScript>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF50438FFBBFAB7FA2E775B162D" author="Morton" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Morton" pageId="104" pageNumber="105" refId="ref193344" refString="Morton, B., Britton, J. C. & Martins, A. F. M. (1998) Ecologia costeira dos Acores. Sociedade Afonso Chaves, Ponta Delgada, 249 pp." type="book" year="1998">
|
||
Morton
|
||
<emphasis id="FB95BF160438FFBBFAC3FA29738415CC" box="[1383,1430,1507,1531]" italics="true" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 1998: 92–93
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, figs. 3–3H1, 3–
|
||
<date id="BD5F45C40438FFBBFE57F9CF7406162D" box="[499,532,1538,1562]" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">4X</date>
|
||
, 5–1R, 5–2T1, 8–1M;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF50438FFBBFD58F9CC7270162D" author="Perez-Ruzafa" box="[764,1122,1537,1562]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Perez-Ruzafa" pageId="104" pageNumber="105" pagination="277 - 296" refId="ref196162" refString="Perez-Ruzafa, A., Entrambasaguas, L., Espejo, C., Marcos, C. & Bacallado, J. J. (2002) Fauna de equinodermos (Echinodermata) de los fondos rocosos infralitorales del archipielago de Salvajes (Oceano Atlantico). Revista de la Academia Canaria de Ciencias, 14 (3 - 4), 277 - 296." type="journal article" year="2002">
|
||
Pérez-Ruzafa
|
||
<emphasis id="FB95BF160438FFBBFC28F9CF75AB162D" box="[908,953,1538,1562]" italics="true" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2002: 284–285
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<superScript id="3E94CE4C0438FFBBFBC9F9CD72661639" attach="right" box="[1133,1140,1536,1550]" fontSize="6" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">$</superScript>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF50438FFBBFBD0F9CC738A162D" author="Wirtz & Debelius" box="[1140,1432,1537,1562]" firstAuthor="Wirtz" pageId="104" pageNumber="105" refId="ref204573" refString="Wirtz, P. & Debelius, H. (2003) Mediterranean and Atlantic invertebrate guide. ConchBooks, Hackenheim, 305 pp." type="book" year="2003">Wirtz & Debelius 2003: 259</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF50438FFBBFF63F9ED77DE160E" author="Cardigos" box="[199,460,1568,1593]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Cardigos" pageId="104" pageNumber="105" pagination="153 - 168" refId="ref175216" refString="Cardigos, F., Colaco, A., Dando, P. R., Avila, S. P., Sarradin, P. - M., Tempera, F., Conceic " o, P., Pascoal, A. & Santos, R. S. (2005) Shallow-water hydrothermal vent field fluids and communities of the D. Jo " o de Castro Seamount (Azores). Chemical Geology, 224, 153 - 168. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. chemgeo. 2005.07.019" type="journal article" year="2005">
|
||
Cardigos
|
||
<emphasis id="FB95BF160438FFBBFE8DF9EC7744160F" box="[297,342,1568,1592]" italics="true" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2005: 165
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF50438FFBBFE72F9ED74FC160E" author="Garcia-Diez" box="[470,750,1568,1593]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Garcia-Diez" pageId="104" pageNumber="105" pagination="35 - 59" refId="ref181624" refString="Garcia-Diez, C., Porteiro, F. M., Meirinho, A., Cardigos, F. & Tempera, F. (2005) Taxonomic review of selected invertebrate groups collected during the Campaigns of the Prince Albert I of Monaco in the Azorean waters. Arquipelago. Life and Marine Sciences, 22 A, 35 - 59." type="journal article" year="2005">
|
||
García-Diez
|
||
<emphasis id="FB95BF160438FFBBFDFCF9EC7497160F" box="[600,645,1568,1592]" italics="true" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2005: 50
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF50438FFBBFD5DF9ED75F7160F" author="Schultz" box="[761,997,1568,1593]" firstAuthor="Schultz" pageId="104" pageNumber="105" refId="ref199860" refString="Schultz, H. (2006) Sea Urchins - a guide to worldwide shallow-water species. 3 rd Edition. Heinke & Peter Schultz Partner Scientific Publications, 484 pp." type="book" year="2006">Schultz 2006: 118–119</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, figs. 211–215;
|
||
<superScript id="3E94CE4C0438FFBBFB23F9D3729C161B" attach="right" box="[1159,1166,1566,1580]" fontSize="6" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">$</superScript>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF50438FFBBFB2AF9ED76C71660" author="Haddad & Barreiros" firstAuthor="Haddad" pageId="104" pageNumber="105" refId="ref183170" refString="Haddad Jr, V. & Barreiros, J. P. (2008) Dangerous Azorean Marine Animals: a field guide. Blu Edicies, Terceira, Acores, 60 pp." type="book" year="2008">Haddad & Barreiros 2008: 9</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, fig. 3c;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF50438FFBBFE94F9F374511660" author="Micael & Costa" box="[304,579,1598,1623]" firstAuthor="Micael" pageId="104" pageNumber="105" pagination="321 - 323" refId="ref190649" refString="Micael, J. & Costa A. C. (2010) Echinodermata. In: Borges, P. A. V., Costa, A., Cunha, R., Gabriel, R., Goncalves, V., Martins, A. F., Melo, I., Parente, M., Raposeiro, P., Rodrigues, P., Santos, R. S., Silva, L., Vieira, P. & Vieira, V. (Eds.), A list of the terrestrial and marine biota from the Azores. Principia, Oeiras, pp. 321 - 323." type="book chapter" year="2010">
|
||
Micael &
|
||
<collectingRegion id="0B25ADE60438FFBBFE3CF9F277C01660" box="[408,466,1599,1623]" country="New Zealand" name="West Coast" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">Costa</collectingRegion>
|
||
2010: 322
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<superScript id="3E94CE4C0438FFBBFDEAF9F07447167C" attach="right" box="[590,597,1597,1611]" fontSize="6" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">$</superScript>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF50438FFBBFDF1F9F375541660" author="Micael, J. & Costa A. C." box="[597,838,1598,1623]" editor="Borges, P. A. V. & Costa, A. & Cunha, R. & Gabriel, R. & Goncalves, V. & Martins, A. F. & Melo, I. & Parente, M. & Raposeiro, P. & Rodrigues, P. & Santos, R. S. & Silva, L. & Vieira, P. & Vieira, V." journalOrPublisher="Principia, Oeiras" pageId="104" pageNumber="105" pagination="321 - 323" refId="ref190649" refString="Micael, J. & Costa A. C. (2010) Echinodermata. In: Borges, P. A. V., Costa, A., Cunha, R., Gabriel, R., Goncalves, V., Martins, A. F., Melo, I., Parente, M., Raposeiro, P., Rodrigues, P., Santos, R. S., Silva, L., Vieira, P. & Vieira, V. (Eds.), A list of the terrestrial and marine biota from the Azores. Principia, Oeiras, pp. 321 - 323." title="Echinodermata" type="book chapter" volumeTitle="A list of the terrestrial and marine biota from the Azores" year="2010">
|
||
Micael
|
||
<emphasis id="FB95BF160438FFBBFD06F98D74C21660" box="[674,720,1599,1623]" italics="true" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2010: 329
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<superScript id="3E94CE4C0438FFBBFCF5F9F0754A167C" attach="right" box="[849,856,1597,1611]" fontSize="6" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">$</superScript>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF50438FFBBFCFCF9F3724E1660" author="Kroh" box="[856,1116,1598,1623]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Kroh" pageId="104" pageNumber="105" pagination="99 - 105" refId="ref186455" refString="Kroh, A., Madeira, P. & Haring, E. (2011) Species distribution: virtual or real-the case of Arbaciella elegans (Echinoidea: Arbaciidae). Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research, 50, 99 - 105. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1439 - 0469.2011.00636. x" type="journal article" year="2011">
|
||
Kroh
|
||
<emphasis id="FB95BF160438FFBBFC37F98D75D31660" box="[915,961,1599,1623]" italics="true" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2011: 99–105
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, figs. 2–4;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF50438FFBBFB6AF9F377301641" author="Madeira" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Madeira" pageId="104" pageNumber="105" pagination="243 - 264" refId="ref188800" refString="Madeira, P., Kroh, A., Cordeiro, R., Meireles, R. & Avila, S. P. (2011) The fossil echinoids of Santa Maria Island, Azores (Northern Atlantic Ocean). Acta Geologica Polonica, 61 (3), 243 - 264." type="journal article" year="2011">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="0B25ADE60438FFBBFB6AF9F373301660" box="[1230,1314,1598,1623]" country="Portugal" name="Madeira" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">Madeira</collectingRegion>
|
||
<emphasis id="FB95BF160438FFBBFA8DF98D73441660" box="[1321,1366,1599,1623]" italics="true" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2011: 248–249
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, figs. 4, 5A, 6A;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF50438FFBBFE74F99074B71641" author="Micael" box="[464,677,1629,1654]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Micael" pageId="104" pageNumber="105" pagination="49" refId="ref190819" refString="Micael, J., Alves, M. J., Jones, M. B. & Costa, A. C. (2012) Diversity of shallow-water asteroids (Echinodermata) in the Azorean Archipelago. Marine Biodiversity Records, 5, e 49. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 1755267211000534" type="journal article" year="2012">
|
||
Micael
|
||
<emphasis id="FB95BF160438FFBBFDB9F99374581641" box="[541,586,1630,1654]" italics="true" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2012: 3
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<superScript id="3E94CE4C0438FFBBFD14F99174A5165D" attach="right" box="[688,695,1628,1642]" fontSize="6" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">$</superScript>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF50438FFBBFD1CF99375E11641" author="Wangensteen" box="[696,1011,1629,1654]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Wangensteen" pageId="104" pageNumber="105" pagination="1 - 16" refId="ref204337" refString="Wangensteen, O. S., Turon, X., Perez-Portela, R. & Palacin, C. (2012) Natural or naturalized? Phylogeography suggests that the abundant sea urchin Arbacia lixula is a recent colonizer of the Mediterranean. PLoS One, 7 (9), 1 - 16, e 45067. https: // doi. org / 10.1371 / journal. pone. 0045067" type="journal article" year="2012">
|
||
Wangensteen
|
||
<emphasis id="FB95BF160438FFBBFCE0F99375631641" box="[836,881,1630,1654]" italics="true" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2012: 1–16
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="C95E63040438FFBBFF33F9B1745B1684" blockId="104.[151,1437,1261,1807]" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0EE118870438FFBBFF33F9B1745C16A2" ID-CoL="38H52" authority="(Blainville, 1825)" baseAuthorityName="Blainville" baseAuthorityYear="1825" box="[151,590,1660,1685]" class="Echinoidea" family="Arbaciidae" genus="Arbacia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Arbacioida" pageId="104" pageNumber="105" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="aequituberculata">
|
||
<emphasis id="FB95BF160438FFBBFF33F9B1778816A3" box="[151,410,1660,1684]" italics="true" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">Arbacia aequituberculata</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF50438FFBBFE02F9B1745A16A2" author="Blainville" box="[422,584,1660,1685]" firstAuthor="Blainville" pageId="104" pageNumber="105" pagination="59 - 98" refId="ref173837" refString="Blainville, H. M. de (1825) Oursin, Echinus (Actinozoaires). In: Levrault, F. G. (Ed.), Dictionnaire des sciences naturelles. Vol. 37. Le Normat, Paris, pp. 59 - 98." type="book chapter" year="1825">Blainville, 1825</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
—
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF50438FFBBFDCDF9B1757516A3" author="Koehler" box="[617,871,1660,1685]" firstAuthor="Koehler" pageId="104" pageNumber="105" refId="ref186029" refString="Koehler, R. (1921 b) Echinodermes. Faune de France. 1. Librairie de la Faculte des Sciences, Paris, 216 pp." type="book" year="1921" yearSuffix="b">Koehler 1921b: 113–114</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, fig. 75;
|
||
<superScript id="3E94CE4C0438FFBBFC19F9B775D616BF" attach="right" box="[957,964,1658,1672]" fontSize="6" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">$</superScript>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF50438FFBBFC60F9B1727116A3" author="Nobre" box="[964,1123,1660,1685]" firstAuthor="Nobre" pageId="104" pageNumber="105" pagination="41 - 90" refId="ref194060" refString="Nobre, A. (1924) Contribuicies para a Fauna dos Acores. Anais do Instituto de Zoologia da Universidade do Porto, 1, 41 - 90." type="journal article" year="1924">Nobre 1924: 89</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<superScript id="3E94CE4C0438FFBBFBC9F9B7726616BF" attach="right" box="[1133,1140,1658,1672]" fontSize="6" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">$</superScript>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF50438FFBBFBD0F9B1730616A3" author="Nobre" box="[1140,1300,1660,1685]" firstAuthor="Nobre" pageId="104" pageNumber="105" refId="ref194090" refString="Nobre, A. (1930) Materiais para o estudo da fauna dos Acores. Instituto de Zoologia da Universidade do Porto, Porto, 108 pp." type="book" year="1930">Nobre 1930: 30</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, 69;
|
||
<superScript id="3E94CE4C0438FFBBFAE6F9B7735B16BF" attach="right" box="[1346,1353,1658,1672]" fontSize="6" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">$</superScript>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF50438FFBBFAEDF9B1773D1684" author="Cadenat" firstAuthor="Cadenat" pageId="104" pageNumber="105" pagination="349 - 375" refId="ref175179" refString="Cadenat, J. (1938) Liste des echinodermes recueillis pendant la cinquieme croisiere du navire de recherches President-Theodore- Tissier. Revue des Travaux de l'Institut des Peches Maritimes, 11, 349 - 375." type="journal article" year="1938">Cadenat 1938: 366</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, 373;
|
||
<superScript id="3E94CE4C0438FFBBFEC9F95477661690" attach="right" box="[365,372,1689,1703]" fontSize="6" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">$</superScript>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF50438FFBBFED1F95774571684" author="Chapman" box="[373,581,1690,1715]" firstAuthor="Chapman" pageId="104" pageNumber="105" pagination="398 - 400" refId="ref175601" refString="Chapman, G. (1955) Aspects of the Fauna and Flora of the Azores, IV: Echinodermata. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 12, 8 (89), 398 - 400. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222935508655657" type="journal article" year="1955">Chapman 1955: 399</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="C95E63040438FFBBFF33F977777A1738" blockId="104.[151,1437,1261,1807]" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">
|
||
non
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0EE118870438FFBBFF63F977742D16E5" ID-CoL="G6CD" authority="Mortensen, 1910" authorityName=", Mortensen" authorityYear="1910" box="[199,575,1722,1746]" class="Echinoidea" family="Arbaciidae" genus="Arbaciella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Arbacioida" pageId="104" pageNumber="105" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="elegans">
|
||
<emphasis id="FB95BF160438FFBBFF63F977779A16E5" box="[199,392,1722,1746]" italics="true" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">Arbaciella elegans</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF50438FFBBFE36F977742D16E5" author="Mortensen" box="[402,575,1722,1746]" firstAuthor="Mortensen" pageId="104" pageNumber="105" pagination="327 - 334" refId="ref192325" refString="Mortensen, T. (1910) Arbaciella elegans. Eine neue Echiniden-Gattung aus der Familie Arbaciidae. Mitteilungen des Naturhistorischen Museum Hamburg, 27, 327 - 334." type="journal article" year="1910">Mortensen, 1910</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
—
|
||
<superScript id="3E94CE4C0438FFBBFDFEF975747316F1" attach="right" box="[602,609,1720,1734]" fontSize="6" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">$</superScript>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF50438FFBBFDC6F977750616E5" author="Marques" box="[610,788,1721,1746]" firstAuthor="Marques" pageId="104" pageNumber="105" pagination="1 - 7" refId="ref189697" refString="Marques, V. M. (1983) Peuplements benthiques de Acores, 1 - echinoderms. Arquivo do Museu Bocage, AII (I), 1 - 7." type="book chapter" year="1983">Marques 1983: 5</bibRefCitation>
|
||
[juvenile of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0EE118870438FFBBFC3BF97775EB16E5" ID-CoL="G6C4" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[927,1017,1722,1746]" class="Echinoidea" family="Arbaciidae" genus="Arbacia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Arbacioida" pageId="104" pageNumber="105" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="lixula">
|
||
<emphasis id="FB95BF160438FFBBFC3BF97775BC16E6" box="[927,942,1722,1745]" italics="true" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">A</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="FB95BF160438FFBBFC1BF97775EB16E5" box="[959,1017,1722,1746]" italics="true" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">lixula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
];
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF50438FFBBFBB5F97472DE16E5" author="Pereira" box="[1041,1228,1721,1746]" firstAuthor="Pereira" pageId="104" pageNumber="105" pagination="331 - 337" refId="ref195814" refString="Pereira, M. (1997) Checklist of the littoral echinoderms of the Azores. Acoreana, 8 (3), 331 - 337." type="journal article" year="1997">Pereira 1997: 334</bibRefCitation>
|
||
[based on
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF50438FFBBFAE0F97776EC16C7" author="Marques" firstAuthor="Marques" pageId="104" pageNumber="105" pagination="1 - 7" refId="ref189697" refString="Marques, V. M. (1983) Peuplements benthiques de Acores, 1 - echinoderms. Arquivo do Museu Bocage, AII (I), 1 - 7." type="book chapter" year="1983">Marques 1983</bibRefCitation>
|
||
];
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF50438FFBBFEB4F915742116C7" author="Haddad & Barreiros" box="[272,563,1752,1777]" firstAuthor="Haddad" pageId="104" pageNumber="105" refId="ref183170" refString="Haddad Jr, V. & Barreiros, J. P. (2008) Dangerous Azorean Marine Animals: a field guide. Blu Edicies, Terceira, Acores, 60 pp." type="book" year="2008">Haddad & Barreiros 2008: 9</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF50438FFBBFD9AF915755916C7" author="Micael & Costa" box="[574,843,1752,1777]" firstAuthor="Micael" pageId="104" pageNumber="105" pagination="321 - 323" refId="ref190649" refString="Micael, J. & Costa A. C. (2010) Echinodermata. In: Borges, P. A. V., Costa, A., Cunha, R., Gabriel, R., Goncalves, V., Martins, A. F., Melo, I., Parente, M., Raposeiro, P., Rodrigues, P., Santos, R. S., Silva, L., Vieira, P. & Vieira, V. (Eds.), A list of the terrestrial and marine biota from the Azores. Principia, Oeiras, pp. 321 - 323." type="book chapter" year="2010">
|
||
Micael &
|
||
<collectingRegion id="0B25ADE60438FFBBFD01F91574CD16C7" box="[677,735,1752,1776]" country="New Zealand" name="West Coast" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">Costa</collectingRegion>
|
||
2010: 322
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
[based on
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF50438FFBBFC1EF914724216C7" author="Marques" box="[954,1104,1752,1776]" firstAuthor="Marques" pageId="104" pageNumber="105" pagination="1 - 7" refId="ref189697" refString="Marques, V. M. (1983) Peuplements benthiques de Acores, 1 - echinoderms. Arquivo do Museu Bocage, AII (I), 1 - 7." type="book chapter" year="1983">Marques 1983</bibRefCitation>
|
||
];
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF50438FFBBFBC5F915732616C7" author="Micael" box="[1121,1332,1752,1777]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Micael" pageId="104" pageNumber="105" pagination="49" refId="ref190819" refString="Micael, J., Alves, M. J., Jones, M. B. & Costa, A. C. (2012) Diversity of shallow-water asteroids (Echinodermata) in the Azorean Archipelago. Marine Biodiversity Records, 5, e 49. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 1755267211000534" type="journal article" year="2012">
|
||
Micael
|
||
<emphasis id="FB95BF160438FFBBFB0AF91472C916C7" box="[1198,1243,1752,1776]" italics="true" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2012: 3
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
[based on
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF50438FFBBFF63F93A774C1738" author="Marques" box="[199,350,1783,1807]" firstAuthor="Marques" pageId="104" pageNumber="105" pagination="1 - 7" refId="ref189697" refString="Marques, V. M. (1983) Peuplements benthiques de Acores, 1 - echinoderms. Arquivo do Museu Bocage, AII (I), 1 - 7." type="book chapter" year="1983">Marques 1983</bibRefCitation>
|
||
].
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="C95E63040438FFBBFF33F8F0759B176F" blockId="104.[151,1436,1853,2024]" box="[151,905,1853,1880]" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">
|
||
<emphasis id="FB95BF160438FFBBFF33F8F076DB176F" bold="true" box="[151,201,1853,1880]" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">See:</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF50438FFBBFF74F8F3778F176F" author="Mortensen" box="[208,413,1853,1880]" firstAuthor="Mortensen" pageId="104" pageNumber="105" refId="ref192820" refString="Mortensen, T. (1935) A Monograph of the Echinoidea. II. Bothriocidaroida, Melonechinoida, Lepidocentroida, and Stirodonta. C. A. Reitzel & Oxford University Press, Copenhagen & London, 647 pp." type="book" year="1935">Mortensen (1935)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF50438FFBBFE0CF8F07443176F" author="Schultz" box="[424,593,1853,1880]" firstAuthor="Schultz" pageId="104" pageNumber="105" refId="ref199860" refString="Schultz, H. (2006) Sea Urchins - a guide to worldwide shallow-water species. 3 rd Edition. Heinke & Peter Schultz Partner Scientific Publications, 484 pp." type="book" year="2006">Schultz (2006)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF50438FFBBFDF8F8F37597176F" author="Wangensteen" box="[604,901,1853,1880]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Wangensteen" pageId="104" pageNumber="105" pagination="1 - 16" refId="ref204337" refString="Wangensteen, O. S., Turon, X., Perez-Portela, R. & Palacin, C. (2012) Natural or naturalized? Phylogeography suggests that the abundant sea urchin Arbacia lixula is a recent colonizer of the Mediterranean. PLoS One, 7 (9), 1 - 16, e 45067. https: // doi. org / 10.1371 / journal. pone. 0045067" type="journal article" year="2012">
|
||
Wangensteen
|
||
<emphasis id="FB95BF160438FFBBFD5CF8F3753B1760" box="[760,809,1853,1879]" italics="true" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (2012)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="81FB308F0438FFBAFF63F8AC772510E0" lastPageId="105" lastPageNumber="106" pageId="104" pageNumber="105" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="C95E63040438FFBBFF63F8AC741D17DF" blockId="104.[151,1436,1853,2024]" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">
|
||
<emphasis id="FB95BF160438FFBBFF63F8AC774E174B" bold="true" box="[199,348,1889,1916]" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">Occurrence:</emphasis>
|
||
East Atlantic and Mediterranean Sea; present along the Atlantic warmer waters of Africa to the Gulf of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="B1F623940438FFBBFF56F848775117A8" box="[242,323,1925,1951]" name="Guinea-Bissau" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">Guinea</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="B1F623940438FFBBFEDEF84877DE17A8" box="[378,460,1925,1951]" name="Angola" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">Angola</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF50438FFBBFE7FF84B74B61797" author="Mortensen" box="[475,676,1926,1952]" firstAuthor="Mortensen" pageId="104" pageNumber="105" refId="ref192564" refString="Mortensen, T. (1927 a) Handbook of the echinoderms of the British Isles. Oxford University Press, viii + 471 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 6841" type="book" year="1927" yearSuffix="a">
|
||
Mortensen 1927
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF50438FFBBFD33F84B74B61797" author="Nobre, A." box="[663,676,1926,1952]" firstAuthor="a" pageId="104" pageNumber="105" refId="ref194119" refString="Nobre, A. (1938) Equinodermes de Portugal. 3 rd Edition. Companhia Editora do Minho, Barcelos, 215 pp." type="book" year="1938">a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, Cadenat 1938,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF50438FFBBFCFFF84872391797" author="Cherbonnier" box="[859,1067,1925,1952]" firstAuthor="Cherbonnier" pageId="104" pageNumber="105" pagination="37 - 59" refId="ref175801" refString="Cherbonnier, G. (1959) Echinides: Expedition Oceanographique Belege dans les Eaux Cotiers Africaines de l'Atlantique Sud. 1948 - 1949. Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de. Belgique, Resultats Scientifiques, 3 (6), 37 - 59." type="journal article" year="1959">Cherbonnier 1959</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), including the Azores, Madeira, Selvagens, Canaries and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="B1F623940438FFBBFE10F867742417F4" box="[436,566,1961,1988]" name="Cape Verde" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">Cape Verde</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF50438FFBBFDE2F864757717F3" author="Perez-Ruzafa" box="[582,869,1961,1988]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Perez-Ruzafa" pageId="104" pageNumber="105" pagination="277 - 296" refId="ref196162" refString="Perez-Ruzafa, A., Entrambasaguas, L., Espejo, C., Marcos, C. & Bacallado, J. J. (2002) Fauna de equinodermos (Echinodermata) de los fondos rocosos infralitorales del archipielago de Salvajes (Oceano Atlantico). Revista de la Academia Canaria de Ciencias, 14 (3 - 4), 277 - 296." type="journal article" year="2002">
|
||
Pérez-Ruzafa
|
||
<emphasis id="FB95BF160438FFBBFD4CF867750817F4" box="[744,794,1961,1987]" italics="true" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2002
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF50438FFBBFCD5F867729F17F3" author="Wangensteen" box="[881,1165,1961,1988]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Wangensteen" pageId="104" pageNumber="105" pagination="1 - 16" refId="ref204337" refString="Wangensteen, O. S., Turon, X., Perez-Portela, R. & Palacin, C. (2012) Natural or naturalized? Phylogeography suggests that the abundant sea urchin Arbacia lixula is a recent colonizer of the Mediterranean. PLoS One, 7 (9), 1 - 16, e 45067. https: // doi. org / 10.1371 / journal. pone. 0045067" type="journal article" year="2012">
|
||
Wangensteen
|
||
<emphasis id="FB95BF160438FFBBFBAAF867725217F4" box="[1038,1088,1961,1987]" italics="true" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2012
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
); it is present as well in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="B1F623940438FFBBFF33F80076C917D0" box="[151,219,1997,2023]" name="Brazil" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF50438FFBBFF4EF803741117DF" author="Wangensteen" box="[234,515,1997,2024]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Wangensteen" pageId="104" pageNumber="105" pagination="1 - 16" refId="ref204337" refString="Wangensteen, O. S., Turon, X., Perez-Portela, R. & Palacin, C. (2012) Natural or naturalized? Phylogeography suggests that the abundant sea urchin Arbacia lixula is a recent colonizer of the Mediterranean. PLoS One, 7 (9), 1 - 16, e 45067. https: // doi. org / 10.1371 / journal. pone. 0045067" type="journal article" year="2012">
|
||
Wangensteen
|
||
<emphasis id="FB95BF160438FFBBFE23F80377AB17D0" box="[391,441,1997,2023]" italics="true" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2012
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="C95E63040439FFBAFF63FF54772510E0" blockId="105.[151,1437,152,2015]" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">
|
||
<emphasis id="FB95BF160439FFBAFF63FF5477081084" bold="true" box="[199,282,153,179]" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">Depth:</emphasis>
|
||
<quantity id="0E19CEE10439FFBAFE85FF55776A1084" box="[289,376,152,179]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.75" metricValueMax="5.5" metricValueMin="0.0" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" unit="m" value="27.5" valueMax="55.0" valueMin="0.0">0–55 m</quantity>
|
||
, common on the first few meters in the
|
||
<collectingRegion id="0B25ADE60439FFBAFC90FF5475911084" box="[820,899,153,179]" country="Portugal" name="Acores" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">Azores</collectingRegion>
|
||
(<
|
||
<quantity id="0E19CEE10439FFBAFC00FF5572181084" box="[932,1034,152,179]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.65" metricValueMax="1.8" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" unit="m" value="16.5" valueMax="18.0" valueMin="15.0">15–18 m</quantity>
|
||
), but can occur at depths as great as
|
||
<quantity id="0E19CEE10439FFBAFF33FF7176C210E0" box="[151,208,188,215]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.5" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" unit="m" value="55.0">55 m</quantity>
|
||
(herein).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="81FB308F0439FFBAFF63FF2D75531174" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="C95E63040439FFBAFF63FF2D749D1128" blockId="105.[151,1437,152,2015]" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">
|
||
<emphasis id="FB95BF160439FFBAFF63FF2D773E10CC" bold="true" box="[199,300,224,251]" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">Habitat:</emphasis>
|
||
hard substrata, particularly dominant on exposed rocky shores of the
|
||
<collectingRegion id="0B25ADE60439FFBAFBF4FF2C728D10CC" box="[1104,1183,225,251]" country="Portugal" name="Acores" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">Azores</collectingRegion>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF50439FFBAFB14FF2C739D10CC" author="Morton" box="[1200,1423,224,251]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Morton" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" refId="ref193344" refString="Morton, B., Britton, J. C. & Martins, A. F. M. (1998) Ecologia costeira dos Acores. Sociedade Afonso Chaves, Ponta Delgada, 249 pp." type="book" year="1998">
|
||
Morton
|
||
<emphasis id="FB95BF160439FFBAFAB4FF2C735110CD" box="[1296,1347,224,250]" italics="true" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 1998
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
); nocturnal omnivorous grazer (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF50439FFBAFE4DFEC974911128" author="Schultz" box="[489,643,260,287]" firstAuthor="Schultz" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" refId="ref199860" refString="Schultz, H. (2006) Sea Urchins - a guide to worldwide shallow-water species. 3 rd Edition. Heinke & Peter Schultz Partner Scientific Publications, 484 pp." type="book" year="2006">Schultz 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="C95E63040439FFBAFF63FEE475531174" blockId="105.[151,1437,152,2015]" box="[199,833,296,323]" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">
|
||
<emphasis id="FB95BF160439FFBAFF63FEE477771174" bold="true" box="[199,357,297,323]" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">Larval stage:</emphasis>
|
||
planktotrophic (
|
||
<emphasis id="FB95BF160439FFBAFD84FEE474211175" box="[544,563,297,322]" italics="true" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">c.</emphasis>
|
||
26 days;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF50439FFBAFD3BFEE475261174" author="George" box="[671,820,297,323]" firstAuthor="George" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" pagination="111 - 121" refId="ref182295" refString="George, S. B. (1990). Population and seasonal differences in egg quality of Arbacia lixula (Echinodermata: Echinoidea). Invertebrate Reproduction & Development, 17 (2), 111 - 121. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 07924259.1990.9672098" type="journal article" year="1990">George 1990</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="81FB308F0439FFBAFF63FE81774F11BC" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="C95E63040439FFBAFF63FE81774F11BC" blockId="105.[151,1437,152,2015]" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">
|
||
<emphasis id="FB95BF160439FFBAFF63FE8177781150" bold="true" box="[199,362,332,359]" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">Fossil record:</emphasis>
|
||
spines and test fragments were reported from Pleistocene sediments of Santa Maria Island (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF50439FFBAFAC8FE80774311BC" author="Madeira" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Madeira" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" pagination="243 - 264" refId="ref188800" refString="Madeira, P., Kroh, A., Cordeiro, R., Meireles, R. & Avila, S. P. (2011) The fossil echinoids of Santa Maria Island, Azores (Northern Atlantic Ocean). Acta Geologica Polonica, 61 (3), 243 - 264." type="journal article" year="2011">
|
||
Madeira
|
||
<emphasis id="FB95BF160439FFBAFF72FEBC771511BD" box="[214,263,368,394]" italics="true" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2011
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="81FB308F0439FFBAFF63FE59728E13D8" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="C95E63040439FFBAFF63FE59728E13D8" blockId="105.[151,1437,152,2015]" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">
|
||
<emphasis id="FB95BF160439FFBAFF63FE5977A61198" bold="true" box="[199,436,404,431]" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">Material examined:</emphasis>
|
||
<collectionCode id="AFF0FBC10439FFBAFE1FFE58745E1198" box="[443,588,405,431]" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">DBUA-ECH</collectionCode>
|
||
013 (Rosto do C„o,
|
||
<collectionCode id="AFF0FBC10439FFBAFC93FE5875641198" box="[823,886,405,431]" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">SMG</collectionCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectionCode id="AFF0FBC10439FFBAFC25FE5875AF1198" box="[897,957,405,431]" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">AZO</collectionCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="FB95BF160439FFBAFC6DFE5875CE1199" box="[969,988,405,430]" italics="true" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">c.</emphasis>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="ACD505C30439FFBAFC40FE58727D1198" box="[996,1135,405,431]" degrees="37" direction="north" minutes="44" orientation="latitude" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" precision="15" seconds="37" value="37.74361">37°44’37”N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="ACD505C30439FFBAFBD8FE5973191198" box="[1148,1291,404,431]" degrees="25" direction="west" minutes="38" orientation="longitude" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" precision="15" seconds="19" value="-25.63861">25°38’19”W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="BD5F45C40439FFBAFAB3FE5873851198" box="[1303,1431,405,431]" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" value="1997-02-07">1997.02.07</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="0E19CEE10439FFBAFF33FE7476C011E4" box="[151,210,441,467]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" unit="m" value="13.0">13 m</quantity>
|
||
; 1 broken bt);
|
||
<collectionCode id="AFF0FBC10439FFBAFED5FE74741011E4" box="[369,514,441,467]" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">DBUA-ECH</collectionCode>
|
||
014 [Capelas (Morro),
|
||
<collectionCode id="AFF0FBC10439FFBAFCA3FE74755411E4" box="[775,838,441,467]" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">SMG</collectionCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectionCode id="AFF0FBC10439FFBAFCF4FE74759E11E4" box="[848,908,441,467]" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">AZO</collectionCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="FB95BF160439FFBAFC32FE7475BB11E5" box="[918,937,441,466]" italics="true" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">c.</emphasis>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="ACD505C30439FFBAFC14FE75722911E4" box="[944,1083,440,467]" degrees="37" direction="north" minutes="50" orientation="latitude" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" precision="15" seconds="37" value="37.84361">37°50’37”N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="ACD505C30439FFBAFBE2FE7572C711E4" box="[1094,1237,440,467]" degrees="25" direction="west" minutes="41" orientation="longitude" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" precision="15" seconds="18" value="-25.688332">25°41’18”W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="BD5F45C40439FFBAFB44FE75737211E4" box="[1248,1376,440,467]" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" value="1996-05-26">
|
||
1996.05.
|
||
<quantity id="0E19CEE10439FFBAFAE5FE75737211E4" box="[1345,1376,440,467]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.69" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" unit="m" value="26.9">26</quantity>
|
||
</date>
|
||
, 9 m; 1 spm, D =
|
||
<quantity id="0E19CEE10439FFBAFEB2FE11777B11C0" box="[278,361,476,503]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.6" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" unit="mm" value="36.0">36 mm</quantity>
|
||
];
|
||
<collectionCode id="AFF0FBC10439FFBAFEDEFE10741911C0" box="[378,523,477,503]" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">DBUA-ECH</collectionCode>
|
||
015 (S„o Roque,
|
||
<collectionCode id="AFF0FBC10439FFBAFD6BFE10751C11C0" box="[719,782,477,503]" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">SMG</collectionCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectionCode id="AFF0FBC10439FFBAFCB3FE10754111C0" box="[791,851,477,503]" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">AZO</collectionCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="FB95BF160439FFBAFCF9FE10756211C1" box="[861,880,477,502]" italics="true" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">c.</emphasis>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="ACD505C30439FFBAFCD2FE10721011C0" box="[886,1026,477,503]" degrees="37" direction="north" minutes="44" orientation="latitude" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" precision="15" seconds="37" value="37.74361">37°44’37”N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="ACD505C30439FFBAFBA8FE11728E11C0" box="[1036,1180,476,503]" degrees="25" direction="west" minutes="38" orientation="longitude" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" precision="15" seconds="19" value="-25.63861">25°38’19”W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="BD5F45C40439FFBAFB02FE11733711C1" box="[1190,1317,476,502]" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" value="2006-07-11">2006.07.11</date>
|
||
, intertidal; 1 bt, D =
|
||
<quantity id="0E19CEE10439FFBAFF5BFDCC7740122C" box="[255,338,513,539]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.8" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" unit="mm" value="38.0">38 mm</quantity>
|
||
);
|
||
<collectionCode id="AFF0FBC10439FFBAFEC1FDCC77E4122C" box="[357,502,513,539]" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">DBUA-ECH</collectionCode>
|
||
016 (Vila
|
||
<collectingCountry id="B1F623940439FFBAFDCEFDCC74A4122C" box="[618,694,513,539]" name="France" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">Franca</collectingCountry>
|
||
do Campo,
|
||
<collectionCode id="AFF0FBC10439FFBAFC99FDCC756E122C" box="[829,892,513,539]" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">SMG</collectionCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectionCode id="AFF0FBC10439FFBAFC22FDCC75D0122C" box="[902,962,513,539]" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">AZO</collectionCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="FB95BF160439FFBAFC69FDCC75F2122D" box="[973,992,513,538]" italics="true" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">c.</emphasis>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="ACD505C30439FFBAFC43FDCD7260122C" box="[999,1138,512,539]" degrees="37" direction="north" minutes="42" orientation="latitude" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" precision="15" seconds="50" value="37.71389">37°42’50”N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="ACD505C30439FFBAFBD9FDCD731E122C" box="[1149,1292,512,539]" degrees="25" direction="west" minutes="25" orientation="longitude" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" precision="15" seconds="58" value="-25.432777">25°25’58”W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="BD5F45C40439FFBAFAB3FDCD738A122D" box="[1303,1432,512,538]" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" value="2006-07-20">2006.07.20</date>
|
||
, intertidal; 1 bt, D =
|
||
<quantity id="0E19CEE10439FFBAFEDBFDE877C61208" box="[383,468,549,575]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.8" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" unit="mm" value="38.0">38 mm</quantity>
|
||
);
|
||
<collectionCode id="AFF0FBC10439FFBAFE4DFDE874681208" box="[489,634,549,575]" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">DBUA-ECH</collectionCode>
|
||
107 (FRM,
|
||
<collectionCode id="AFF0FBC10439FFBAFCACFDE875561208" box="[776,836,549,575]" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">AZO</collectionCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="FB95BF160439FFBAFCF6FDE875771209" box="[850,869,549,574]" italics="true" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">c.</emphasis>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="ACD505C30439FFBAFCCAFDE975EB1209" box="[878,1017,548,574]" degrees="37" direction="north" minutes="16" orientation="latitude" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" precision="15" seconds="14" value="37.270554">37°16’14”N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="ACD505C30439FFBAFBA3FDE972841208" box="[1031,1174,548,575]" degrees="24" direction="west" minutes="46" orientation="longitude" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" precision="15" seconds="52" value="-24.78111">24°46’52”W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 1990.06; 3 spms, D =
|
||
<quantity id="0E19CEE10439FFBAFF33FD8577071254" box="[151,277,584,611]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.1" metricValueMax="4.6" metricValueMin="3.6" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" unit="mm" value="41.0" valueMax="46.0" valueMin="36.0">36–46 mm</quantity>
|
||
);
|
||
<collectionCode id="AFF0FBC10439FFBAFE8DFD8477A81254" box="[297,442,585,611]" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">DBUA-ECH</collectionCode>
|
||
235 (Horta harbour, FAY,
|
||
<collectionCode id="AFF0FBC10439FFBAFD42FD8475301254" box="[742,802,585,611]" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">AZO</collectionCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="FB95BF160439FFBAFC8AFD8475531255" box="[814,833,585,610]" italics="true" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">c.</emphasis>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="ACD505C30439FFBAFCEDFD8575C71254" box="[841,981,584,611]" degrees="38" direction="north" minutes="31" orientation="latitude" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" precision="15" seconds="51" value="38.530834">38°31’51”N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="ACD505C30439FFBAFC45FD8472621254" box="[993,1136,585,611]" degrees="28" direction="west" minutes="37" orientation="longitude" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" precision="15" seconds="23" value="-28.623056">28°37’23”W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="BD5F45C40439FFBAFBD9FD8472FD1254" box="[1149,1263,585,611]" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" value="2009-12-04">
|
||
2009.12.
|
||
<quantity id="0E19CEE10439FFBAFB44FD8472FD1254" box="[1248,1263,585,611]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" unit="m" value="4.5">4</quantity>
|
||
</date>
|
||
, 5 m; 1 bt, D =
|
||
<quantity id="0E19CEE10439FFBAFF33FDA076CC12B0" box="[151,222,621,647]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" unit="mm" value="3.0">3 mm</quantity>
|
||
); DOP 3014 (Channel PIX–FAY,
|
||
<collectionCode id="AFF0FBC10439FFBAFDFFFDA0748512B0" box="[603,663,621,647]" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">AZO</collectionCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="ACD505C30439FFBAFD00FDA1753D12B1" box="[676,815,620,646]" degrees="38" direction="north" minutes="34" orientation="latitude" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" precision="15" seconds="16" value="38.57111">38°34’16”N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="ACD505C30439FFBAFC99FDA075DE12B0" box="[829,972,621,647]" degrees="28" direction="west" minutes="32" orientation="longitude" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" precision="15" seconds="31" value="-28.541945">28°32’31”W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="BD5F45C40439FFBAFC7DFDA1724812B1" box="[985,1114,620,646]" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" value="2008-06-16">
|
||
2008.06.
|
||
<quantity id="0E19CEE10439FFBAFB9AFDA1724812B1" box="[1086,1114,620,646]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.655" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" unit="m" value="16.55">16</quantity>
|
||
</date>
|
||
, 55 m; 1 spm, D =
|
||
<quantity id="0E19CEE10439FFBAFA9FFDA0738212B0" box="[1339,1424,621,647]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" unit="mm" value="10.0">10 mm</quantity>
|
||
); DOP 3024 (Channel PIX–FAY,
|
||
<collectionCode id="AFF0FBC10439FFBAFE53FD5C7421129C" box="[503,563,657,683]" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">AZO</collectionCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="ACD505C30439FFBAFD9AFD5D74D5129D" box="[574,711,656,682]" degrees="38" direction="north" minutes="34" orientation="latitude" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" precision="15" seconds="16" value="38.57111">38°34’16”N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="ACD505C30439FFBAFD69FD5C754E129C" box="[717,860,657,683]" degrees="28" direction="west" minutes="32" orientation="longitude" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" precision="15" seconds="31" value="-28.541945">28°32’31”W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="BD5F45C40439FFBAFCC3FD5D75FA129D" box="[871,1000,656,682]" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" value="2008-06-16">
|
||
2008.06.
|
||
<quantity id="0E19CEE10439FFBAFC68FD5D75FA129D" box="[972,1000,656,682]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.65" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" unit="m" value="16.5">16</quantity>
|
||
</date>
|
||
, 50 m; 1 spm, D =
|
||
<quantity id="0E19CEE10439FFBAFB1EFD5C72ED129C" box="[1210,1279,657,683]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" unit="mm" value="4.0">4 mm</quantity>
|
||
); MB-NMHN 367–20743 (Ponta Delgada harbour,
|
||
<collectionCode id="AFF0FBC10439FFBAFD99FD78746E12F8" box="[573,636,693,719]" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">SMG</collectionCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectionCode id="AFF0FBC10439FFBAFD2CFD7874D612F8" box="[648,708,693,719]" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">AZO</collectionCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="FB95BF160439FFBAFD76FD7874F712F9" box="[722,741,693,718]" italics="true" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">c.</emphasis>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="ACD505C30439FFBAFD4AFD78756B12F8" box="[750,889,693,719]" degrees="37" direction="north" minutes="44" orientation="latitude" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" precision="15" seconds="12" value="37.736668">37°44’12”N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="ACD505C30439FFBAFC23FD79720512F8" box="[903,1047,692,719]" degrees="25" direction="west" minutes="39" orientation="longitude" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" precision="15" seconds="26" value="-25.657223">25°39’26”W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 1982, collected and identified by Vasco Marques as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0EE118870439FFBAFEC1FD15742412C5" authorityName=", Mortensen" authorityYear="1910" box="[357,566,728,754]" class="Echinoidea" family="Arbaciidae" genus="Arbaciella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Arbacioida" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="elegans">
|
||
<emphasis id="FB95BF160439FFBAFEC1FD15742412C5" box="[357,566,728,754]" italics="true" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">Arbaciella elegans</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; 11 spms, D =
|
||
<quantity id="0E19CEE10439FFBAFD7EFD15752812C4" box="[730,826,728,755]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.5" metricValueMax="8.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" unit="mm" value="6.5" valueMax="8.0" valueMin="5.0">5–8 mm</quantity>
|
||
); MB-NMHN 372–20748 (Castelo Branco, FAY,
|
||
<collectionCode id="AFF0FBC10439FFBAFAF8FD14738A12C4" box="[1372,1432,729,755]" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">AZO</collectionCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="FB95BF160439FFBAFF33FD3076B81321" box="[151,170,765,790]" italics="true" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">c.</emphasis>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="ACD505C30439FFBAFF17FD31772C1320" box="[179,318,764,791]" degrees="38" direction="north" minutes="31" orientation="latitude" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" precision="15" seconds="05" value="38.518055">38°31’05”N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="ACD505C30439FFBAFEEFFD3077C81320" box="[331,474,765,791]" degrees="28" direction="west" minutes="43" orientation="longitude" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" precision="15" seconds="23" value="-28.723057">28°43’23”W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, collected and identified by Vasco Marques as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0EE118870439FFBAFC4AFD3172D11321" authorityName=", Mortensen" authorityYear="1910" box="[1006,1219,764,790]" class="Echinoidea" family="Arbaciidae" genus="Arbaciella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Arbacioida" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="elegans">
|
||
<emphasis id="FB95BF160439FFBAFC4AFD3172D11321" box="[1006,1219,764,790]" italics="true" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">Arbaciella elegans</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; 3 spms, D =
|
||
<quantity id="0E19CEE10439FFBAFAC0FD3176D5130C" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" metricValueMax="13.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" unit="mm" value="9.0" valueMax="13.0" valueMin="5.0">5–13 mm</quantity>
|
||
); MB-NMHN 385–20761 (
|
||
<collectionCode id="AFF0FBC10439FFBAFE58FCEC742F130C" box="[508,573,801,827]" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">SMG</collectionCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectionCode id="AFF0FBC10439FFBAFDECFCEC7496130C" box="[584,644,801,827]" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">AZO</collectionCode>
|
||
, 1982; 7 spms, D =
|
||
<quantity id="0E19CEE10439FFBAFCCFFCED75FB130C" box="[875,1001,800,827]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.45" metricValueMax="4.5" metricValueMin="2.4" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" unit="mm" value="34.5" valueMax="45.0" valueMin="24.0">24–45 mm</quantity>
|
||
); MB-NMHN 385–2076 (
|
||
<collectionCode id="AFF0FBC10439FFBAFAB4FCEC7343130C" box="[1296,1361,801,827]" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">SMG</collectionCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectionCode id="AFF0FBC10439FFBAFAF8FCEC738A130C" box="[1372,1432,801,827]" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">AZO</collectionCode>
|
||
, 1988; 7 spms, D =
|
||
<quantity id="0E19CEE10439FFBAFEC8FC8977FB1368" box="[364,489,836,863]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.45" metricValueMax="4.5" metricValueMin="2.4" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" unit="mm" value="34.5" valueMax="45.0" valueMin="24.0">24–45 mm</quantity>
|
||
); MB-NMHN 401–20777 (
|
||
<collectionCode id="AFF0FBC10439FFBAFCBFFC88754E1368" box="[795,860,837,863]" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">SMG</collectionCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectionCode id="AFF0FBC10439FFBAFCC1FC8875B31368" box="[869,929,837,863]" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">AZO</collectionCode>
|
||
, 1982; 3 spms, D =
|
||
<quantity id="0E19CEE10439FFBAFB25FC8872EC1368" box="[1153,1278,837,863]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.9" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="3.8" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" unit="mm" value="39.0" valueMax="40.0" valueMin="38.0">38–40 mm</quantity>
|
||
); MB-NMHN 403–20779 (Castelo Branco, FAY,
|
||
<collectionCode id="AFF0FBC10439FFBAFDBFFCA4744513B4" box="[539,599,873,899]" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">AZO</collectionCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="FB95BF160439FFBAFDC6FCA4746713B5" box="[610,629,873,898]" italics="true" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">c.</emphasis>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="ACD505C30439FFBAFDD8FCA5751A13B4" box="[636,776,872,899]" degrees="38" direction="north" minutes="31" orientation="latitude" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" precision="15" seconds="05" value="38.518055">38°31’05”N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="ACD505C30439FFBAFCB7FCA475B013B4" box="[787,930,873,899]" degrees="28" direction="west" minutes="43" orientation="longitude" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" precision="15" seconds="23" value="-28.723057">28°43’23”W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 1979; 4 spms, D =
|
||
<quantity id="0E19CEE10439FFBAFB26FCA572EC13B4" box="[1154,1278,872,899]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" unit="mm" value="40.0" valueMax="50.0" valueMin="30.0">30–50 mm</quantity>
|
||
); MB-NMHN 412–20788 (
|
||
<collectionCode id="AFF0FBC10439FFBAFE80FC4077771390" box="[292,357,909,935]" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">SMG</collectionCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectionCode id="AFF0FBC10439FFBAFECBFC4077B91390" box="[367,427,909,935]" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">AZO</collectionCode>
|
||
, 1988; 7 spms, D =
|
||
<quantity id="0E19CEE10439FFBAFD28FC41751B1390" box="[652,777,908,935]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.25" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="3.5" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" unit="mm" value="42.5" valueMax="50.0" valueMin="35.0">35–50 mm</quantity>
|
||
); MB-NMHN 415–20791 (
|
||
<collectionCode id="AFF0FBC10439FFBAFB9FFC40726E1390" box="[1083,1148,909,935]" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">SMG</collectionCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectionCode id="AFF0FBC10439FFBAFB22FC4072D01390" box="[1158,1218,909,935]" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">AZO</collectionCode>
|
||
, 1982; 7 spms, D =
|
||
<quantity id="0E19CEE10439FFBAFF33FC7D770613FC" box="[151,276,944,971]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.95" metricValueMax="5.2" metricValueMin="2.7" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" unit="mm" value="39.5" valueMax="52.0" valueMin="27.0">27–52 mm</quantity>
|
||
); MB-NMHN 416–20792 (
|
||
<collectionCode id="AFF0FBC10439FFBAFDE2FC7C749513FC" box="[582,647,945,971]" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">SMG</collectionCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectionCode id="AFF0FBC10439FFBAFD35FC7C74DF13FC" box="[657,717,945,971]" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">AZO</collectionCode>
|
||
, 1982; 5 spms, D =
|
||
<quantity id="0E19CEE10439FFBAFC0AFC7D723913FC" box="[942,1067,944,971]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.75" metricValueMax="5.2" metricValueMin="4.3" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" unit="mm" value="47.5" valueMax="52.0" valueMin="43.0">43–52 mm</quantity>
|
||
); MB-NMHN 548–20924 (Baixinha, GRA,
|
||
<collectionCode id="AFF0FBC10439FFBAFEB9FC18774B13D8" box="[285,345,981,1007]" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">AZO</collectionCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="FB95BF160439FFBAFEC1FC18776A13D9" box="[357,376,981,1006]" italics="true" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">c.</emphasis>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="ACD505C30439FFBAFEDBFC19741913D8" box="[383,523,980,1007]" degrees="39" direction="north" minutes="05" orientation="latitude" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" precision="15" seconds="13" value="39.086945">39°05’13”N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="ACD505C30439FFBAFDB2FC1974B413D8" box="[534,678,980,1007]" degrees="27" direction="west" minutes="59" orientation="longitude" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" precision="15" seconds="09" value="-27.985834">27°59’09”W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="BD5F45C40439FFBAFD15FC18752013D8" box="[689,818,981,1007]" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" value="1982-08-10">
|
||
1982.08.
|
||
<quantity id="0E19CEE10439FFBAFCB1FC18752013D8" box="[789,818,981,1007]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.015" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" unit="m" value="10.15">10</quantity>
|
||
</date>
|
||
, 15 m; 5 spms, D =
|
||
<quantity id="0E19CEE10439FFBAFBB7FC19728213D8" box="[1043,1168,980,1007]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.4" metricValueMax="5.8" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" unit="mm" value="54.0" valueMax="58.0" valueMin="50.0">50–58 mm</quantity>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="81FB308F0439FFBAFF63FC3572291641" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="C95E63040439FFBAFF63FC3572291641" blockId="105.[151,1437,152,2015]" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">
|
||
<emphasis id="FB95BF160439FFBAFF63FC3577491424" bold="true" box="[199,347,1016,1043]" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">Description:</emphasis>
|
||
test circular, hemispherical, flattened on the oral side with a height about of 40–50%D. Epistroma well developed, particularly evident on the aboral side. Apical disc about 50%D in smaller specimens changing gradually to about 21%D in larger animals, naked and in most dicyclic, though the Oc V tends to be wedged in between the genital plates. Madreporite enlarged. Periproct oval shaped, with four naked anal plates; Gonopores open at sizes greater than
|
||
<quantity id="0E19CEE10439FFBAFE1BFB4574111494" box="[447,515,1160,1187]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" unit="mm" value="6.0">6 mm</quantity>
|
||
, though in some individuals as large as
|
||
<quantity id="0E19CEE10439FFBAFC6DFB44720B1494" box="[969,1049,1161,1187]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" unit="mm" value="10.0">10 mm</quantity>
|
||
are still not developed (
|
||
<emphasis id="FB95BF160439FFBAFA8AFB44734F1495" box="[1326,1373,1161,1186]" italics="true" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">e.g.,</emphasis>
|
||
DOP 3014). Ambulacra narrow, about 30–40% of the inter-ambulacra at the ambitus, but widening to twice the size of the interambulacra at the peristomal edge; plates trigeminate, bearing a single primary tubercle each. These are arranged in alternating fashion near the apical disc but changing to a double vertical series just above the ambitus. Primary tubercles in the interambulacra reduced to one per plate in the area surrounding the apical disc, becoming numerous towards the ambitus, reaching up to four to five per plate in the larger specimens, the most interradial of which is usually smaller; in smaller specimens (<
|
||
<quantity id="0E19CEE10439FFBAFD64FAAC751C154C" box="[704,782,1377,1403]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" unit="mm" value="13.0">13 mm</quantity>
|
||
D), the spines only develop at the ambitus, about the third or fourth plate from the apical disc, giving a rather naked appearance of apical side. Peristome relatively large, about half of the D, ambulacral margins protruding and interambulacra terminating in well-defined buccal notches, giving the peristome an overall sinuous pentagonal appearance. Primary spines about 60–70%D; the primary spines in the small individuals (<
|
||
<quantity id="0E19CEE10439FFBAFED8FA3D77AC163C" box="[380,446,1520,1547]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" unit="mm" value="5.0">5 mm</quantity>
|
||
D) are dorsoventrally flattened, sword like shaped, changing to the typical tip-pointed spines seen in larger specimens through ontogeny. Colour: solid black to dark brown; in smaller specimens (<
|
||
<quantity id="0E19CEE10439FFBAFA2BF9D976D51664" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" unit="mm" value="5.0">5 mm</quantity>
|
||
), the spines are rather translucid with a black hue. Colour (naked test): interambulacra and ambulacra pink or reddish, particularly so in pore zones; apical disc can be darker, with a greyish hue.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="81FB308F0439FFB9FF63F94C734A1198" lastPageId="106" lastPageNumber="107" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="C95E63040439FFB9FF63F94C743D10CB" blockId="105.[151,1437,152,2015]" lastBlockId="106.[151,1436,152,431]" lastPageId="106" lastPageNumber="107" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">
|
||
<emphasis id="FB95BF160439FFBAFF63F94C772F16AC" bold="true" box="[199,317,1665,1691]" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">Remarks:</emphasis>
|
||
according to the text,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF50439FFBAFD9EF94C74CB16AC" author="Drouet" box="[570,729,1664,1691]" firstAuthor="Drouet" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" refId="ref179582" refString="Drouet, H. (1861) Element de la Faune acoreenne. J. B. Bailliere & Fils, Lubaires de L'Academie de Medicine, Paris, 245 pp." type="book" year="1861">Drouët (1861)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
only found
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0EE118870439FFBAFCC7F94D721716AD" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[867,1029,1664,1690]" class="Echinoidea" family="Arbaciidae" genus="Arbacia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Arbacioida" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="lixula">
|
||
<emphasis id="FB95BF160439FFBAFCC7F94D721716AD" box="[867,1029,1664,1690]" italics="true" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">Arbacia lixula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(=
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0EE118870439FFBAFB81F94D738116AD" baseAuthorityName="Blainville" baseAuthorityYear="1825" box="[1061,1427,1664,1690]" class="Echinoidea" family="Arbaciidae" genus="Echinocidaris" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Arbacioida" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="aequituberculatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="FB95BF160439FFBAFB81F94D738116AD" box="[1061,1427,1664,1690]" italics="true" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">Echinocidaris aequituberculatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) in Terceira
|
||
<collectingCountry id="B1F623940439FFBAFEBFF969774D1689" box="[283,351,1700,1726]" name="Iceland" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">Island</collectingCountry>
|
||
and concluded that it was a rare species in the Azores. Conversely,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF50439FFBAFBD0F96973011688" author="Barrois" box="[1140,1299,1700,1727]" firstAuthor="Barrois" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" pagination="31 - 33" refId="ref173365" refString="Barrois, T. (1888) Liste des Echinodermes recueillis aux Acores durant les mois d'Ao r t et September 1887. Revue Biologique du Nord de la France, 1, 31 - 33 + 69 - 75 + 109 - 115." type="journal article" year="1888">Barrois (1888</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0EE118870439FFBAFAE6F969771016D5" baseAuthorityName="Leske" baseAuthorityYear="1778" class="Echinoidea" family="Arbaciidae" genus="Arbacia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Arbacioida" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="pustulosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="FB95BF160439FFBAFAE6F969771016D5" italics="true" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">Arbacia pustulosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) commented that this species was quite common in rocky shores of the Azores, where it occurs in association with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0EE118870439FFBAFEA5F92077E01731" baseAuthorityName="Lamarck" baseAuthorityYear="1816" box="[257,498,1772,1798]" class="Echinoidea" family="Parechinidae" genus="Paracentrotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Camarodonta" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="lividus">
|
||
<emphasis id="FB95BF160439FFBAFEA5F92077E01731" box="[257,498,1772,1798]" italics="true" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">Paracentrotus lividus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(as
|
||
<emphasis id="FB95BF160439FFBAFDBBF921755E1731" box="[543,844,1772,1798]" italics="true" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0EE118870439FFBAFDBBF92175561731" baseAuthorityName="Lamarck" baseAuthorityYear="1816" box="[543,836,1772,1798]" class="Echinoidea" family="Strongylocentrotidae" genus="Strongylocentrotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Camarodonta" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="lividus">Strongylocentrotus lividus</taxonomicName>
|
||
)
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF50439FFBAFCFEF92072171730" author="Marques" box="[858,1029,1773,1799]" firstAuthor="Marques" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" pagination="1 - 7" refId="ref189697" refString="Marques, V. M. (1983) Peuplements benthiques de Acores, 1 - echinoderms. Arquivo do Museu Bocage, AII (I), 1 - 7." type="book chapter" year="1983">Marques (1983</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF50439FFBAFBB5F92072581730" author="Marques" box="[1041,1098,1773,1799]" firstAuthor="Marques" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" pagination="103 - 108" refId="ref189729" refString="Marques, V. M. (1984) Effects of Arbacia lixula (L.) (Echinoidea) on the algal communities of S " o Miguel and Graciosa islands (Azores archipelago: Portugal). Arquivos do Museu Bocage, Serie B, 2 (13), 103 - 108." type="journal article" year="1984">1984</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) reported densities of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0EE118870439FFBAFAE6F92176C5171D" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" class="Echinoidea" family="Arbaciidae" genus="Arbacia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Arbacioida" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="lixula">
|
||
<emphasis id="FB95BF160439FFBAFAE6F92176C5171D" italics="true" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">Arbacia lixula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
up to 15 individuals/m
|
||
<superScript id="3E94CE4C0439FFBAFE78F8C277F6172A" attach="left" box="[476,484,1807,1821]" fontSize="6" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">2</superScript>
|
||
on S„o Miguel and Graciosa rocky shores, between 2 and
|
||
<quantity id="0E19CEE10439FFBAFBDDF8DD72A1171C" box="[1145,1203,1808,1835]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" unit="m" value="15.0">15 m</quantity>
|
||
depth. Marques’ observations agree with our observations though no quantitative studies have been made recently. Marques also noted that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0EE118870439FFBAFF6EF89477201745" baseAuthorityName="Lamarck" baseAuthorityYear="1816" box="[202,306,1880,1906]" class="Echinoidea" family="Strongylocentrotidae" genus="Strongylocentrotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Camarodonta" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="lividus">
|
||
<emphasis id="FB95BF160439FFBAFF6EF89477201745" box="[202,306,1880,1906]" italics="true" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">P. lividus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0EE118870439FFBAFECFF89477D91745" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[363,459,1880,1907]" class="Echinoidea" family="Arbaciidae" genus="Arbacia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Arbacioida" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="lixula">
|
||
<emphasis id="FB95BF160439FFBAFECFF89477D91745" box="[363,459,1880,1907]" italics="true" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">A. lixula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
seldom co-occur in the Azores. Though both species are frequently observed in same low intertidal waters of the archipelago (<
|
||
<quantity id="0E19CEE10439FFBAFDCBF8B0748C17A0" box="[623,670,1917,1943]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" unit="m" value="2.0">2 m</quantity>
|
||
), we agree with Marques in the sense that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0EE118870439FFBAFBDEF8B1730E17A1" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[1146,1308,1916,1942]" class="Echinoidea" family="Arbaciidae" genus="Arbacia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Arbacioida" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="lixula">
|
||
<emphasis id="FB95BF160439FFBAFBDEF8B1730E17A1" box="[1146,1308,1916,1942]" italics="true" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">Arbacia lixula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
tends to be more numerous in relatively more exposed shores, such as vertical walls in ports, whereas
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0EE118870439FFBAFB22F86C72FE178D" baseAuthorityName="Lamarck" baseAuthorityYear="1816" box="[1158,1260,1952,1978]" class="Echinoidea" family="Strongylocentrotidae" genus="Strongylocentrotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Camarodonta" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="lividus">
|
||
<emphasis id="FB95BF160439FFBAFB22F86C72FE178D" box="[1158,1260,1952,1978]" italics="true" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">P. lividus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
seems to prefer areas of low slope and with less direct exposure to the wave action, living inside bore-holes (personal observation).
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF5043AFFB9FF33FF54779E1084" author="Cardigos" box="[151,396,152,179]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Cardigos" pageId="106" pageNumber="107" pagination="153 - 168" refId="ref175216" refString="Cardigos, F., Colaco, A., Dando, P. R., Avila, S. P., Sarradin, P. - M., Tempera, F., Conceic " o, P., Pascoal, A. & Santos, R. S. (2005) Shallow-water hydrothermal vent field fluids and communities of the D. Jo " o de Castro Seamount (Azores). Chemical Geology, 224, 153 - 168. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. chemgeo. 2005.07.019" type="journal article" year="2005">
|
||
Cardigos
|
||
<emphasis id="FB95BF16043AFFB9FEA7FF5777261084" box="[259,308,153,179]" italics="true" pageId="106" pageNumber="107">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (2005)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
recorded this species in the area of Don Jo„o de Castro Seamount (between Terceira and S„o Miguel islands), one of the rare examples in Azores of a shallow-water hydrothermal-active volcanic seamount (the top of the seamount lies
|
||
<quantity id="0E19CEE1043AFFB9FE0EFF2C77F110CC" box="[426,483,225,251]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" pageId="106" pageNumber="107" unit="m" value="13.0">13 m</quantity>
|
||
deep).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="C95E6304043AFFB9FF63FEC8734A1198" blockId="106.[151,1436,152,431]" pageId="106" pageNumber="107">
|
||
Additionally, small specimens of this species have been misidentified as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0EE11887043AFFB9FBA5FEC8738A1128" authority="Mortensen 1910" authorityName=", Mortensen" authorityYear="1910" box="[1025,1432,261,287]" class="Echinoidea" family="Arbaciidae" genus="Arbaciella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Arbacioida" pageId="106" pageNumber="107" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="elegans">
|
||
<emphasis id="FB95BF16043AFFB9FBA5FEC872C41128" box="[1025,1238,261,287]" italics="true" pageId="106" pageNumber="107">Arbaciella elegans</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF5043AFFB9FB79FEC8738A1128" author="Mortensen" box="[1245,1432,261,287]" firstAuthor="Mortensen" pageId="106" pageNumber="107" pagination="327 - 334" refId="ref192325" refString="Mortensen, T. (1910) Arbaciella elegans. Eine neue Echiniden-Gattung aus der Familie Arbaciidae. Mitteilungen des Naturhistorischen Museum Hamburg, 27, 327 - 334." type="journal article" year="1910">Mortensen 1910</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, including the ones re-examined here from Museu Bocage (MB-NMHN 367–20743 and MB-NMHN 372–20748), collected and identified by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF5043AFFB9FE6FFE8074961150" author="Marques" box="[459,644,333,359]" firstAuthor="Marques" pageId="106" pageNumber="107" pagination="1 - 7" refId="ref189697" refString="Marques, V. M. (1983) Peuplements benthiques de Acores, 1 - echinoderms. Arquivo do Museu Bocage, AII (I), 1 - 7." type="book chapter" year="1983">Marques (1983)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. A recent revision showed that records of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0EE11887043AFFB9FBFBFE8072C71150" authorityName="Mortensen" authorityYear="1910" box="[1119,1237,333,359]" class="Echinoidea" family="Arbaciidae" genus="Arbaciella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Arbacioida" pageId="106" pageNumber="107" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="FB95BF16043AFFB9FBFBFE8072C71150" box="[1119,1237,333,359]" italics="true" pageId="106" pageNumber="107">Arbaciella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in North Atlantic and Mediterranean waters were misidentifications of juveniles of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0EE11887043AFFB9FC27FEBC723411BC" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[899,1062,369,395]" class="Echinoidea" family="Arbaciidae" genus="Arbacia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Arbacioida" pageId="106" pageNumber="107" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="lixula">
|
||
<emphasis id="FB95BF16043AFFB9FC27FEBC723411BC" box="[899,1062,369,395]" italics="true" pageId="106" pageNumber="107">Arbacia lixula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, reducing the distribution of this species to the original tropical West African coasts, south of Cap Blanc (for discussion see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF5043AFFB9FB35FE58735E1198" author="Kroh" box="[1169,1356,405,431]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Kroh" pageId="106" pageNumber="107" pagination="99 - 105" refId="ref186455" refString="Kroh, A., Madeira, P. & Haring, E. (2011) Species distribution: virtual or real-the case of Arbaciella elegans (Echinoidea: Arbaciidae). Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research, 50, 99 - 105. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1439 - 0469.2011.00636. x" type="journal article" year="2011">
|
||
Kroh
|
||
<emphasis id="FB95BF16043AFFB9FB75FE5B73101198" box="[1233,1282,405,431]" italics="true" pageId="106" pageNumber="107">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2011
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |