453 lines
59 KiB
XML
453 lines
59 KiB
XML
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<taxonomicName id="0EE118870436FFB5FF33F918745E16C7" ID-CoL="6XBJV" ID-ENA="1419502" authority="Agassiz, 1869" authorityName="Agassiz" authorityYear="1869" box="[151,588,1749,1776]" class="Echinoidea" family="Saleniidae" genus="Salenocidaris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Salenioida" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="varispina">
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<emphasis id="FB95BF160436FFB5FF33F91877B416C7" bold="true" box="[151,422,1749,1776]" italics="true" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">Salenocidaris varispina</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF50436FFB5FE08F918745E16C7" author="Agassiz" box="[428,588,1749,1776]" firstAuthor="Agassiz" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" pagination="253 - 308" refId="ref170793" refString="Agassiz, A. (1869) Preliminary report on the echini and star-fishes dredged in deep water between Cuba and the Florida Reef, by L. F. de Pourtales, Assist. U. S. Coast Survey. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zo ˆ logy at Harvard College, 1 (9), 253 - 308." type="journal article" year="1869">Agassiz, 1869</bibRefCitation>
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<paragraph id="C95E63040436FFB5FF33F93776EB1723" blockId="102.[151,588,1749,1812]" box="[151,249,1786,1812]" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">
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(
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<figureCitation id="51DA7F810436FFB5FF04F93776E31723" box="[160,241,1786,1812]" captionStart="FIGURE 22" captionStartId="104.[151,250,760,785]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,740]" captionTargetId="figure@104.[151,1436,181,740]" captionTargetPageId="104" captionText="FIGURE 22. Salenocidaris varispina Agassiz, 1869 (EMEPC–LUSO L09D25ARB21: A–D). Aboral view (A); oral view (B); detail of the aboral surface (C) and oral surface (D)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3342205/files/figure.png" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">Fig. 22</figureCitation>
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)
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<paragraph id="C95E63040436FFB5FF33F8F377811761" blockId="102.[151,1437,1853,2038]" box="[151,403,1853,1878]" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">
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<emphasis id="FB95BF160436FFB5FF33F8F377811761" bold="true" box="[151,403,1853,1878]" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">
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Reports for the
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<collectingRegion id="0B25ADE60436FFB5FEE4F8F0779C1761" box="[320,398,1853,1878]" country="Portugal" name="Acores" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">Azores</collectingRegion>
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:
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</emphasis>
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<paragraph id="C95E63040436FFB5FF33F890759F1742" blockId="102.[151,1437,1853,2038]" box="[151,909,1883,1909]" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">
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<taxonomicName id="0EE118870436FFB5FF33F89077FC1742" ID-CoL="6XBJP" authority="(Agassiz, 1869)" baseAuthorityName="Agassiz" baseAuthorityYear="1869" box="[151,494,1884,1909]" class="Echinoidea" family="Saleniidae" genus="Salenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Salenioida" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="varispina">
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<emphasis id="FB95BF160436FFB5FF33F89077581743" box="[151,330,1885,1909]" italics="true" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">Salenia varispina</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF50436FFB5FEF3F89177F51742" author="Agassiz" box="[343,487,1884,1909]" firstAuthor="Agassiz" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" pagination="253 - 308" refId="ref170793" refString="Agassiz, A. (1869) Preliminary report on the echini and star-fishes dredged in deep water between Cuba and the Florida Reef, by L. F. de Pourtales, Assist. U. S. Coast Survey. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zo ˆ logy at Harvard College, 1 (9), 253 - 308." type="journal article" year="1869">Agassiz, 1869</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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—
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<superScript id="3E94CE4C0436FFB5FDADF8967402175E" attach="right" box="[521,528,1883,1897]" fontSize="6" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">$</superScript>
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<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF50436FFB5FDB5F89174FB1742" author="Agassiz" box="[529,745,1884,1909]" firstAuthor="Agassiz" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" pagination="1 - 321" refId="ref171039" refString="Agassiz, A. (1881) Report on the Echinoidea dredged by H. M. S. Challenger 1873 - 76. Report on the Scientific Results of the Voyage of H. M. S. Challenger, Zoology, 3, 1 - 321." type="journal article" year="1881">Agassiz 1881: 55–56</bibRefCitation>
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, pl. 4, figs. 1–2;
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="C95E63040436FFB5FF33F8B175B017A4" blockId="102.[151,1437,1853,2038]" box="[151,930,1913,1940]" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">
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p.p.
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<taxonomicName id="0EE118870436FFB5FF60F8B6741A17A4" ID-CoL="79BH2" authority="Agassiz, 1879" authorityName="Agassiz" authorityYear="1879" box="[196,520,1915,1940]" class="Echinoidea" family="Saleniidae" genus="Salenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Salenioida" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="hastigera">
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<emphasis id="FB95BF160436FFB5FF60F8B6776417A4" box="[196,374,1915,1939]" italics="true" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">Salenia hastigera</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF50436FFB5FEDEF8B6741A17A4" author="Agassiz" box="[378,520,1915,1940]" firstAuthor="Agassiz" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" pagination="190 - 212" refId="ref170896" refString="Agassiz, A. (1879) Preliminary Report on the Echini of the Exploring Expedition of H. M. S. Challenger, Sir C. Wyville Thomson Chief of Civilian Staff. Proceedings of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, 14, 190 - 212. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 25138537" type="journal article" year="1879">Agassiz, 1879</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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—
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<superScript id="3E94CE4C0436FFB5FD87F8B4743817B0" attach="right" box="[547,554,1913,1927]" fontSize="6" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">$</superScript>
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<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF50436FFB5FD8FF8B674E517A4" author="Koehler" box="[555,759,1915,1940]" firstAuthor="Koehler" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" pagination="227 - 233" refId="ref185363" refString="Koehler, R. (1895 b) Note preliminaire sur les echinides des premieres campagnes de la Princesse Alice. Bulletin de la Societe Zoologique de France, 20, 227 - 233." type="journal article" year="1895" yearSuffix="b">Koehler 1895b: 228</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF50436FFB5FCA6F8B6758C17A4" author="Koehler" box="[770,926,1915,1939]" firstAuthor="Koehler" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" pagination="1 - 317" refId="ref185837" refString="Koehler, R. (1909) Echinodermes provenant des campagnes du yacht Princesse-Alice (Asteries, Ophiures, Echinides et Crinoides). Resultats des campagnes scientifiques accomplies sur son yacht par Albert Ier Prince Souverain de Monaco, 34, 1 - 317." type="journal article" year="1909">1909: 219–220</bibRefCitation>
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;
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="C95E63040436FFB5FF33F85775E317E6" blockId="102.[151,1437,1853,2038]" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">
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<taxonomicName id="0EE118870436FFB5FF33F85774081785" ID-CoL="6XBJV" authority="Agassiz, 1869" authorityName="Agassiz" authorityYear="1869" box="[151,538,1945,1970]" class="Echinoidea" family="Saleniidae" genus="Salenocidaris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Salenioida" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="varispina">
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<emphasis id="FB95BF160436FFB5FF33F857779B1785" box="[151,393,1946,1970]" italics="true" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">Salenocidaris varispina</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF50436FFB5FE29F85474081785" author="Agassiz" box="[397,538,1945,1970]" firstAuthor="Agassiz" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" pagination="253 - 308" refId="ref170793" refString="Agassiz, A. (1869) Preliminary report on the echini and star-fishes dredged in deep water between Cuba and the Florida Reef, by L. F. de Pourtales, Assist. U. S. Coast Survey. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zo ˆ logy at Harvard College, 1 (9), 253 - 308." type="journal article" year="1869">Agassiz, 1869</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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—
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<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF50436FFB5FD90F854750E1785" author="Mortensen" box="[564,796,1945,1970]" firstAuthor="Mortensen" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" refId="ref192564" refString="Mortensen, T. (1927 a) Handbook of the echinoderms of the British Isles. Oxford University Press, viii + 471 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 6841" type="book" year="1927" yearSuffix="a">Mortensen 1927a: 289</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<superScript id="3E94CE4C0436FFB5FC83F855753C1791" attach="right" box="[807,814,1944,1958]" fontSize="6" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">$</superScript>
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<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF50436FFB5FC8AF856722E1785" author="Mortensen" box="[814,1084,1945,1970]" firstAuthor="Mortensen" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" refId="ref192820" refString="Mortensen, T. (1935) A Monograph of the Echinoidea. II. Bothriocidaroida, Melonechinoida, Lepidocentroida, and Stirodonta. C. A. Reitzel & Oxford University Press, Copenhagen & London, 647 pp." type="book" year="1935">Mortensen 1935: 350–354</bibRefCitation>
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, fig. 193a, pl. 66, fig. 9, pl. 84, fig. 4, pl. 85, figs. 3–4, 8, 16–17, 37;
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<superScript id="3E94CE4C0436FFB5FDBCF87A740D17F2" attach="right" box="[536,543,1975,1989]" fontSize="6" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">$</superScript>
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<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF50436FFB5FD84F87574FA17E6" author="Mironov" box="[544,744,1976,2001]" firstAuthor="Mironov" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" pagination="96 - 133" refId="ref191675" refString="Mironov, A. N. (2006) Echinoids from seamounts of the north-eastern Atlantic, onshore / offshore gradients in species distribution. In: Mironov, A. N., Gebruk, A. V. & Southward, A. J. (Eds.), Biogeography of the North Atlantic Seamounts. KMK Scientific Press, Russian Academy of Sciences, P. P. Shirshov Institute of Oceanology, Moscow, pp. 96 - 133." type="book chapter" year="2006">Mironov 2006: 106</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF50436FFB5FD56F87575FF17E6" author="Mironov, A. N." box="[754,1005,1976,2001]" journalOrPublisher="Invertebrate Zoology" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" pagination="120 - 129" part="11" refId="ref191803" refString="Mironov, A. N. (2014) Deep-sea fauna of European seas: An annotated species check-list of benthic invertebrates living deeper than 2000 m in the seas bordering Europe. Echinoidea. Invertebrate Zoology, 11 (1), 120 - 129. https: // doi. org / 10.15298 / invertzool. 11.1.12" title="Deep-sea fauna of European seas: An annotated species check-list of benthic invertebrates living deeper than 2000 m in the seas bordering Europe. Echinoidea" type="journal article" year="2014">Mironov 2014: 122–123</bibRefCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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|
||
<emphasis id="FB95BF160436FFB5FF33F816772B17C2" bold="true" box="[151,313,2010,2037]" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">
|
||
<typeStatus id="165ADDA60436FFB5FF33F81676C017C2" box="[151,210,2011,2037]" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality:
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Off Double Head Shot Key,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="B1F623940436FFB5FDDAF81674AF17C2" box="[638,701,2011,2037]" name="Cuba" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">Cuba</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="C95E63040437FFB4FF63FF5575AF1084" blockId="103.[151,1437,152,2023]" box="[199,957,152,179]" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">
|
||
<emphasis id="FB95BF160437FFB4FF63FF5576EB1084" bold="true" box="[199,249,152,179]" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">See:</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF50437FFB4FEA4FF55740D1084" author="Agassiz" box="[256,543,152,179]" firstAuthor="Agassiz" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" pagination="253 - 308" refId="ref170793" refString="Agassiz, A. (1869) Preliminary report on the echini and star-fishes dredged in deep water between Cuba and the Florida Reef, by L. F. de Pourtales, Assist. U. S. Coast Survey. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zo ˆ logy at Harvard College, 1 (9), 253 - 308." type="journal article" year="1869">Agassiz (1869: 254–256)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF50437FFB4FD8EFF5474E51084" author="Mortensen" box="[554,759,152,179]" firstAuthor="Mortensen" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" refId="ref192820" refString="Mortensen, T. (1935) A Monograph of the Echinoidea. II. Bothriocidaroida, Melonechinoida, Lepidocentroida, and Stirodonta. C. A. Reitzel & Oxford University Press, Copenhagen & London, 647 pp." type="book" year="1935">Mortensen (1935)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF50437FFB4FCA6FF5575AB1084" author="Mironov" box="[770,953,152,179]" firstAuthor="Mironov" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" pagination="96 - 133" refId="ref191675" refString="Mironov, A. N. (2006) Echinoids from seamounts of the north-eastern Atlantic, onshore / offshore gradients in species distribution. In: Mironov, A. N., Gebruk, A. V. & Southward, A. J. (Eds.), Biogeography of the North Atlantic Seamounts. KMK Scientific Press, Russian Academy of Sciences, P. P. Shirshov Institute of Oceanology, Moscow, pp. 96 - 133." type="book chapter" year="2006">Mironov (2006)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="81FB308F0437FFB4FF63FF7173741150" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="C95E63040437FFB4FF63FF7174D21174" blockId="103.[151,1437,152,2023]" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">
|
||
<emphasis id="FB95BF160437FFB4FF63FF71774E10E0" bold="true" box="[199,348,188,215]" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">Occurrence:</emphasis>
|
||
cosmopolitan, known from the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF50437FFB4FBACFF7172A210E0" author="Mironov" box="[1032,1200,188,215]" firstAuthor="Mironov" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" pagination="96 - 133" refId="ref191675" refString="Mironov, A. N. (2006) Echinoids from seamounts of the north-eastern Atlantic, onshore / offshore gradients in species distribution. In: Mironov, A. N., Gebruk, A. V. & Southward, A. J. (Eds.), Biogeography of the North Atlantic Seamounts. KMK Scientific Press, Russian Academy of Sciences, P. P. Shirshov Institute of Oceanology, Moscow, pp. 96 - 133." type="book chapter" year="2006">Mironov 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||
); in the west Atlantic from south of Cape Cod to
|
||
<collectingCountry id="B1F623940437FFB4FE6FFF2D741D10CD" box="[459,527,224,250]" name="Brazil" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF50437FFB4FDBBFF2D74A810CC" author="Agassiz" box="[543,698,224,251]" firstAuthor="Agassiz" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" pagination="1 - 321" refId="ref171039" refString="Agassiz, A. (1881) Report on the Echinoidea dredged by H. M. S. Challenger 1873 - 76. Report on the Scientific Results of the Voyage of H. M. S. Challenger, Zoology, 3, 1 - 321." type="journal article" year="1881">Agassiz 1881</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF50437FFB4FD63FF2D75B010CC" author="Serafy & Fell" box="[711,930,224,251]" firstAuthor="Serafy" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" pagination="1 - 27" refId="ref200035" refString="Serafy, D. K. & Fell, F. J. (1985) Marine Flora and Fauna of the Northeastern United States. Echinodermata: Echinoidea. NOAA Technical Report NMFS, 33, 1 - 27." type="journal article" year="1985">Serafy & Fell 1985</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), and in the east Atlantic from Bay of Biscay to off
|
||
<collectingCountry id="B1F623940437FFB4FF7EFEC9778B1129" box="[218,409,260,286]" name="Ascension Island" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">Ascension Island</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF50437FFB4FE0DFEC974561128" author="Agassiz" box="[425,580,260,287]" firstAuthor="Agassiz" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" pagination="1 - 321" refId="ref171039" refString="Agassiz, A. (1881) Report on the Echinoidea dredged by H. M. S. Challenger 1873 - 76. Report on the Scientific Results of the Voyage of H. M. S. Challenger, Zoology, 3, 1 - 321." type="journal article" year="1881">Agassiz 1881</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF50437FFB4FDF4FEC875181128" author="Mortensen" box="[592,778,260,287]" firstAuthor="Mortensen" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" refId="ref192820" refString="Mortensen, T. (1935) A Monograph of the Echinoidea. II. Bothriocidaroida, Melonechinoida, Lepidocentroida, and Stirodonta. C. A. Reitzel & Oxford University Press, Copenhagen & London, 647 pp." type="book" year="1935">Mortensen 1935</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), including the archipelago of the Azores, and the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0EE118870437FFB4FA99FEC9738B1129" authorityName="Seamount (Mironov" authorityYear="2014" box="[1341,1433,260,286]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Atlantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="103" pageNumber="173" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Atlantis</taxonomicName>
|
||
, Tropic and Antialtair seamounts (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF50437FFB4FDA9FEE574A71174" author="Mironov" box="[525,693,296,323]" firstAuthor="Mironov" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" pagination="96 - 133" refId="ref191675" refString="Mironov, A. N. (2006) Echinoids from seamounts of the north-eastern Atlantic, onshore / offshore gradients in species distribution. In: Mironov, A. N., Gebruk, A. V. & Southward, A. J. (Eds.), Biogeography of the North Atlantic Seamounts. KMK Scientific Press, Russian Academy of Sciences, P. P. Shirshov Institute of Oceanology, Moscow, pp. 96 - 133." type="book chapter" year="2006">Mironov 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="C95E63040437FFB4FF63FE8073741150" blockId="103.[151,1437,152,2023]" box="[199,1382,332,359]" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">
|
||
<emphasis id="FB95BF160437FFB4FF63FE8077081150" bold="true" box="[199,282,333,359]" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">Depth:</emphasis>
|
||
(?290) 610–
|
||
<quantity id="0E19CEE10437FFB4FE0DFE8174171150" box="[425,517,332,359]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.6" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" unit="m" value="2.6">2,600 m</quantity>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF50437FFB4FDB7FE8174A91150" author="Mironov" box="[531,699,332,359]" firstAuthor="Mironov" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" pagination="96 - 133" refId="ref191675" refString="Mironov, A. N. (2006) Echinoids from seamounts of the north-eastern Atlantic, onshore / offshore gradients in species distribution. In: Mironov, A. N., Gebruk, A. V. & Southward, A. J. (Eds.), Biogeography of the North Atlantic Seamounts. KMK Scientific Press, Russian Academy of Sciences, P. P. Shirshov Institute of Oceanology, Moscow, pp. 96 - 133." type="book chapter" year="2006">Mironov 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||
); AZO: (?718)
|
||
<quantity id="0E19CEE10437FFB4FCFEFE8172151150" box="[858,1031,332,359]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4975" metricValueMax="1.83" metricValueMin="1.165" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" unit="m" value="1.4975" valueMax="1.83" valueMin="1.165">
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="ACD505C30437FFB4FCFEFE81758B1150" box="[858,921,332,359]" degrees="1,165" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" precision="55" value="1.165">1,165</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="ACD505C30437FFB4FC3EFE8175F81150" box="[922,1002,332,359]" degrees="1,830" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" precision="55" value="-1.83">–1,830</geoCoordinate>
|
||
m
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF50437FFB4FBB1FE8172A31150" author="Agassiz" box="[1045,1201,332,359]" firstAuthor="Agassiz" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" pagination="1 - 321" refId="ref171039" refString="Agassiz, A. (1881) Report on the Echinoidea dredged by H. M. S. Challenger 1873 - 76. Report on the Scientific Results of the Voyage of H. M. S. Challenger, Zoology, 3, 1 - 321." type="journal article" year="1881">Agassiz 1881</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF50437FFB4FB19FE8173481150" author="Koehler" box="[1213,1370,332,359]" firstAuthor="Koehler" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" pagination="1 - 317" refId="ref185837" refString="Koehler, R. (1909) Echinodermes provenant des campagnes du yacht Princesse-Alice (Asteries, Ophiures, Echinides et Crinoides). Resultats des campagnes scientifiques accomplies sur son yacht par Albert Ier Prince Souverain de Monaco, 34, 1 - 317." type="journal article" year="1909">Koehler 1909</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="81FB308F0437FFB4FF63FEBD74A811E4" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="C95E63040437FFB4FF63FEBD77DC1198" blockId="103.[151,1437,152,2023]" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">
|
||
<emphasis id="FB95BF160437FFB4FF63FEBD773E11BC" bold="true" box="[199,300,368,395]" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">Habitat:</emphasis>
|
||
typically found on fine-grained sediments (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF50437FFB4FCBEFEBD75AA11BC" author="Agassiz" box="[794,952,368,395]" firstAuthor="Agassiz" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" pagination="1 - 321" refId="ref171039" refString="Agassiz, A. (1881) Report on the Echinoidea dredged by H. M. S. Challenger 1873 - 76. Report on the Scientific Results of the Voyage of H. M. S. Challenger, Zoology, 3, 1 - 321." type="journal article" year="1881">Agassiz 1881</bibRefCitation>
|
||
); feeds on bottom material, including foraminifera (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF50437FFB4FEA0FE5877D31198" author="Mortensen" box="[260,449,404,431]" firstAuthor="Mortensen" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" refId="ref192820" refString="Mortensen, T. (1935) A Monograph of the Echinoidea. II. Bothriocidaroida, Melonechinoida, Lepidocentroida, and Stirodonta. C. A. Reitzel & Oxford University Press, Copenhagen & London, 647 pp." type="book" year="1935">Mortensen 1935</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="C95E63040437FFB4FF63FE7474A811E4" blockId="103.[151,1437,152,2023]" box="[199,698,440,467]" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">
|
||
<emphasis id="FB95BF160437FFB4FF63FE74777711E4" bold="true" box="[199,357,441,467]" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">Larval stage:</emphasis>
|
||
planktonic (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF50437FFB4FE55FE7474BF11E4" author="Mortensen" box="[497,685,440,467]" firstAuthor="Mortensen" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" refId="ref192820" refString="Mortensen, T. (1935) A Monograph of the Echinoidea. II. Bothriocidaroida, Melonechinoida, Lepidocentroida, and Stirodonta. C. A. Reitzel & Oxford University Press, Copenhagen & London, 647 pp." type="book" year="1935">Mortensen 1935</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="81FB308F0437FFB4FF63FE1175981208" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="C95E63040437FFB4FF63FE1175981208" blockId="103.[151,1437,152,2023]" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">
|
||
<emphasis id="FB95BF160437FFB4FF63FE1177A611C0" bold="true" box="[199,436,476,503]" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">Material examined:</emphasis>
|
||
EMEPC-LUSO L09D22S1 (D. Jo„o de Castro Bank,
|
||
<collectionCode id="AFF0FBC10437FFB4FBBCFE10724611C0" box="[1048,1108,477,503]" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">AZO</collectionCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="FB95BF160437FFB4FBC4FE10726111C1" box="[1120,1139,477,502]" italics="true" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">c.</emphasis>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="ACD505C30437FFB4FBDFFE10731311C0" box="[1147,1281,477,503]" degrees="38" direction="north" minutes="14" orientation="latitude" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" precision="15" seconds="02" value="38.23389">38°14'02"N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="ACD505C30437FFB4FAAAFE11738A11C1" box="[1294,1432,476,502]" degrees="26" direction="west" minutes="33" orientation="longitude" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" precision="15" seconds="37" value="-26.560278">26°33'37"W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="BD5F45C40437FFB4FF33FDCC7705122C" box="[151,279,513,539]" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" value="2009-10-09">2009.10.09</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="0E19CEE10437FFB4FE80FDCD77B4122C" box="[292,422,512,539]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.715" metricValueMax="8.25" metricValueMin="7.18" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" unit="m" value="771.5" valueMax="825.0" valueMin="718.0">718–825 m</quantity>
|
||
; 1 bt, D =
|
||
<quantity id="0E19CEE10437FFB4FDBBFDCC7476122C" box="[543,612,513,539]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" unit="mm" value="2.0">2 mm</quantity>
|
||
); EMEPC-LUSO L09D25ARB21 (between S„o Jorge and Pico Island,
|
||
<emphasis id="FB95BF160437FFB4FA2DFDCC738E122D" box="[1417,1436,513,538]" italics="true" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">c.</emphasis>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="ACD505C30437FFB4FF33FDE9770F1209" box="[151,285,548,574]" degrees="38" direction="north" minutes="36" orientation="latitude" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" precision="15" seconds="19" value="38.605278">38°36'19"N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="ACD505C30437FFB4FE8DFDE977A11209" box="[297,435,548,574]" degrees="28" direction="west" minutes="06" orientation="longitude" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" precision="15" seconds="47" value="-28.113056">28°06'47"W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="BD5F45C40437FFB4FE1BFDE8742D1208" box="[447,575,549,575]" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" value="2009-10-21">2009.10.21</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="0E19CEE10437FFB4FDEFFDE874B81208" box="[587,682,549,575]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.179" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" unit="m" value="1.179">1,179 m</quantity>
|
||
; 1 spm, D =
|
||
<quantity id="0E19CEE10437FFB4FC9DFDE8756C1208" box="[825,894,549,575]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" unit="mm" value="3.0">3 mm</quantity>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="81FB308F0437FFB4FF63FD85744D1425" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="C95E63040437FFB4FF63FD85744D1425" blockId="103.[151,1437,152,2023]" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">
|
||
<emphasis id="FB95BF160437FFB4FF63FD8577491254" bold="true" box="[199,347,584,611]" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">Description:</emphasis>
|
||
test small, low and hemispherical with a flattened oral side. Apical disc dicyclic, relatively large (about 80%D), occupying much of the aboral side. Plates of the apical disc densely ornamented with rough papillae arranged somewhat concentrically. Periproct off centre and angular, larger than the suranal plate. No genital pores open. Ambulacral plating simple except for plates adjacent to the peristome, which are bigeminate. Pores small; pore areas slightly widened at the peristome. One primary tubercle per ambulacral plate, slightly smaller than the corresponding one in the interambulacra. A pair of sphaeridia at the peristomial edge of each ambulacrum. Interambulacral plates each with a single, large, crenulated and non-perforated primary tubercle. Primary spines long, slender and verticillated, more than twice the size of the test (broken off at the tips); milled ring prominent; thorns developed primarily on upper (aboral spines) or lateral sides (oral spines). Secondary spines spatulated and rather broad. Periproctal spines short, thick and club-shaped to almost globular. Tridentate pedicellariae could not be found. Triphyllous and ophicephalus pedicellariae common, including the distal area of the apical disc. Colour (in ethanol): periproct deep purple; apical disc, peristome and secondary spines purple; tube feet cream white; primary spines uniform white with a purple base.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="81FB308F0437FFB4FF63FBD0749517D0" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="C95E63040437FFB4FF63FBD074551539" blockId="103.[151,1437,152,2023]" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">
|
||
<emphasis id="FB95BF160437FFB4FF63FBD0772F1400" bold="true" box="[199,317,1053,1079]" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">Remarks:</emphasis>
|
||
as with other
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0EE118870437FFB4FE46FBD1746E1401" authorityName="Agassiz" authorityYear="1869" box="[482,636,1052,1078]" class="Echinoidea" family="Saleniidae" genus="Salenocidaris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Salenioida" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="FB95BF160437FFB4FE46FBD1746E1401" box="[482,636,1052,1078]" italics="true" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">Salenocidaris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
recorded from the archipelago,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0EE118870437FFB4FC4FFBD072611401" authorityName="Agassiz" authorityYear="1869" box="[1003,1139,1053,1079]" class="Echinoidea" family="Saleniidae" genus="Salenocidaris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Salenioida" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="varispina">
|
||
<emphasis id="FB95BF160437FFB4FC4FFBD075EB1400" box="[1003,1017,1053,1079]" italics="true" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">S</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="FB95BF160437FFB4FBADFBD072611401" box="[1033,1139,1053,1078]" italics="true" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">varispina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was frequently misidentified, confused with the close resembling species,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0EE118870437FFB4FD62FB8C7550146D" baseAuthorityName="Duncan" baseAuthorityYear="1877" box="[710,834,1088,1115]" class="Echinoidea" family="Saleniidae" genus="Salenocidaris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Salenioida" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="profundi">
|
||
<emphasis id="FB95BF160437FFB4FD62FB8C74C6146C" box="[710,724,1089,1115]" italics="true" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">S</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="FB95BF160437FFB4FD47FB8D7550146D" box="[739,834,1088,1114]" italics="true" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">profundi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0EE118870437FFB4FCDEFB8C7213146D" authorityName="Agassiz" authorityYear="1879" box="[890,1025,1088,1115]" class="Echinoidea" family="Saleniidae" genus="Salenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Salenioida" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="hastigera">
|
||
<emphasis id="FB95BF160437FFB4FCDEFB8C759A146C" box="[890,904,1089,1115]" italics="true" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">S</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="FB95BF160437FFB4FC33FB8D7213146D" box="[919,1025,1088,1114]" italics="true" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">hastigera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. For example,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF50437FFB4FB0FFB8C7367146C" author="Mortensen" box="[1195,1397,1088,1115]" firstAuthor="Mortensen" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" refId="ref192820" refString="Mortensen, T. (1935) A Monograph of the Echinoidea. II. Bothriocidaroida, Melonechinoida, Lepidocentroida, and Stirodonta. C. A. Reitzel & Oxford University Press, Copenhagen & London, 647 pp." type="book" year="1935">Mortensen (1935)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
reexamined a small specimen from
|
||
<emphasis id="FB95BF160437FFB4FDB7FBA874D31449" box="[531,705,1124,1150]" italics="true" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">Princesse Alice</emphasis>
|
||
collected in Azorean waters (sta 578:
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="ACD505C30437FFB4FBD5FBA972EE1449" box="[1137,1276,1124,1150]" degrees="38" direction="north" minutes="26" orientation="latitude" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" precision="15" seconds="00" value="38.433334">38°26’00”N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="ACD505C30437FFB4FAACFBA9738A1448" box="[1288,1432,1124,1151]" degrees="26" direction="west" minutes="30" orientation="longitude" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" precision="15" seconds="45" value="-26.5125">26°30’45”W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="0E19CEE10437FFB4FF33FB4476E41494" box="[151,246,1161,1187]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.732" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" unit="m" value="1.732">1,732 m</quantity>
|
||
) previously identified by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF50437FFB4FDB9FB4574D81494" author="Koehler" box="[541,714,1160,1187]" firstAuthor="Koehler" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" pagination="1 - 317" refId="ref185837" refString="Koehler, R. (1909) Echinodermes provenant des campagnes du yacht Princesse-Alice (Asteries, Ophiures, Echinides et Crinoides). Resultats des campagnes scientifiques accomplies sur son yacht par Albert Ier Prince Souverain de Monaco, 34, 1 - 317." type="journal article" year="1909">Koehler (1909)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0EE118870437FFB4FD56FB44756B1495" authorityName="Agassiz" authorityYear="1879" box="[754,889,1160,1187]" class="Echinoidea" family="Saleniidae" genus="Salenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Salenioida" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="hastigera">
|
||
<emphasis id="FB95BF160437FFB4FD56FB4475121494" box="[754,768,1161,1187]" italics="true" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">S</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="FB95BF160437FFB4FCABFB45756B1495" box="[783,889,1160,1186]" italics="true" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">hastigera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and reassigned it to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0EE118870437FFB4FBCAFB4472E71495" authorityName="Agassiz" authorityYear="1869" box="[1134,1269,1161,1187]" class="Echinoidea" family="Saleniidae" genus="Salenocidaris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Salenioida" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="varispina">
|
||
<emphasis id="FB95BF160437FFB4FBCAFB4472E71495" box="[1134,1269,1161,1187]" italics="true" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">S. varispina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Nevertheless, more recently,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF50437FFB4FEE5FB6177E414F0" author="Mironov" box="[321,502,1196,1223]" firstAuthor="Mironov" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" pagination="96 - 133" refId="ref191675" refString="Mironov, A. N. (2006) Echinoids from seamounts of the north-eastern Atlantic, onshore / offshore gradients in species distribution. In: Mironov, A. N., Gebruk, A. V. & Southward, A. J. (Eds.), Biogeography of the North Atlantic Seamounts. KMK Scientific Press, Russian Academy of Sciences, P. P. Shirshov Institute of Oceanology, Moscow, pp. 96 - 133." type="book chapter" year="2006">Mironov (2006)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
found four specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0EE118870437FFB4FCB8FB6075B614F1" authorityName="Agassiz" authorityYear="1869" box="[796,932,1197,1223]" class="Echinoidea" family="Saleniidae" genus="Salenocidaris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Salenioida" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="varispina">
|
||
<emphasis id="FB95BF160437FFB4FCB8FB60753814F0" box="[796,810,1197,1223]" italics="true" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">S</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="FB95BF160437FFB4FC9EFB6075B614F1" box="[826,932,1197,1222]" italics="true" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">varispina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
collected north of S„o Miguel Island by the
|
||
<emphasis id="FB95BF160437FFB4FF33FB1C773C14DD" box="[151,302,1232,1258]" italics="true" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">Jean Charcot</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="FB95BF160437FFB4FE99FB1C77B214DD" box="[317,416,1233,1258]" italics="true" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">Biacores</emphasis>
|
||
cruise, sta 179:
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="ACD505C30437FFB4FDF1FB1D74F314DC" box="[597,737,1232,1259]" degrees="38" direction="north" minutes="05" orientation="latitude" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" precision="15" seconds="30" value="38.091667">38°05’30”N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="ACD505C30437FFB4FD48FB1D756E14DC" box="[748,892,1232,1259]" degrees="25" direction="west" minutes="46" orientation="longitude" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" precision="15" seconds="30" value="-25.775">25°46’30”W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="0E19CEE10437FFB4FC23FB1D722114DC" box="[903,1075,1232,1259]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6275" metricValueMax="1.665" metricValueMin="1.59" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" unit="m" value="1.6275" valueMax="1.665" valueMin="1.59">
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="ACD505C30437FFB4FC23FB1D75D414DC" box="[903,966,1232,1259]" degrees="1,590" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" precision="55" value="1.59">1,590</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="ACD505C30437FFB4FC62FB1D720114DC" box="[966,1043,1232,1259]" degrees="1,665" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" precision="55" value="-1.665">–1,665</geoCoordinate>
|
||
m
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
), further substantiating the presence of this species in the archipelago.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="C95E63040437FFB4FF63FADA749517D0" blockId="103.[151,1437,152,2023]" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">
|
||
The main diagnostic character of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0EE118870437FFB4FDEDFAD574C01506" authorityName="Agassiz" authorityYear="1869" box="[585,722,1304,1330]" class="Echinoidea" family="Saleniidae" genus="Salenocidaris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Salenioida" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="varispina">
|
||
<emphasis id="FB95BF160437FFB4FDEDFAD574451505" box="[585,599,1304,1330]" italics="true" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">S</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="FB95BF160437FFB4FDCCFAD574C01506" box="[616,722,1304,1329]" italics="true" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">varispina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is the relative short and wider valves of its tridentate pedicellariae (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF50437FFB4FF42FAF7779D1562" author="Mironov" box="[230,399,1338,1365]" firstAuthor="Mironov" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" pagination="96 - 133" refId="ref191675" refString="Mironov, A. N. (2006) Echinoids from seamounts of the north-eastern Atlantic, onshore / offshore gradients in species distribution. In: Mironov, A. N., Gebruk, A. V. & Southward, A. J. (Eds.), Biogeography of the North Atlantic Seamounts. KMK Scientific Press, Russian Academy of Sciences, P. P. Shirshov Institute of Oceanology, Moscow, pp. 96 - 133." type="book chapter" year="2006">Mironov 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Other characters are also used to distinguish this species from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0EE118870437FFB4FBCBFAF772FE1563" baseAuthorityName="Duncan" baseAuthorityYear="1877" box="[1135,1260,1338,1364]" class="Echinoidea" family="Saleniidae" genus="Salenocidaris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Salenioida" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="profundi">
|
||
<emphasis id="FB95BF160437FFB4FBCBFAF7726F1563" box="[1135,1149,1338,1364]" italics="true" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">S</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="FB95BF160437FFB4FB29FAF772FE1563" box="[1165,1260,1338,1364]" italics="true" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">profundi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
or
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0EE118870437FFB4FAB1FAF7738E1563" authorityName="Agassiz" authorityYear="1879" box="[1301,1436,1338,1364]" class="Echinoidea" family="Saleniidae" genus="Salenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Salenioida" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="hastigera">
|
||
<emphasis id="FB95BF160437FFB4FAB1FAF773311563" box="[1301,1315,1338,1364]" italics="true" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">S</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="FB95BF160437FFB4FA96FAF7738E1563" box="[1330,1436,1338,1364]" italics="true" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">hastigera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are: broader interambulacral areas, broader secondary spines, thick and short periproctal spines and shorter and less thorny spines with the thorns only well developed in the adapical side (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF50437FFB4FC0AFAB2727B15AE" author="Mortensen" box="[942,1129,1406,1433]" firstAuthor="Mortensen" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" refId="ref192820" refString="Mortensen, T. (1935) A Monograph of the Echinoidea. II. Bothriocidaroida, Melonechinoida, Lepidocentroida, and Stirodonta. C. A. Reitzel & Oxford University Press, Copenhagen & London, 647 pp." type="book" year="1935">Mortensen 1935</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF50437FFB4FBD0FAB2730815AD" author="Mironov" box="[1140,1306,1407,1434]" firstAuthor="Mironov" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" pagination="96 - 133" refId="ref191675" refString="Mironov, A. N. (2006) Echinoids from seamounts of the north-eastern Atlantic, onshore / offshore gradients in species distribution. In: Mironov, A. N., Gebruk, A. V. & Southward, A. J. (Eds.), Biogeography of the North Atlantic Seamounts. KMK Scientific Press, Russian Academy of Sciences, P. P. Shirshov Institute of Oceanology, Moscow, pp. 96 - 133." type="book chapter" year="2006">Mironov 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). In spite of the colour variability presented by
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0EE118870437FFB4FDB9FA6F74B1158B" authorityName="Agassiz" authorityYear="1869" box="[541,675,1442,1468]" class="Echinoidea" family="Saleniidae" genus="Salenocidaris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Salenioida" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="varispina">
|
||
<emphasis id="FB95BF160437FFB4FDB9FA6F7439158B" box="[541,555,1442,1468]" italics="true" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">S</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="FB95BF160437FFB4FD9DFA6E74B1158B" box="[569,675,1443,1468]" italics="true" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">varispina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
the presence of a dark purple periproct is also considered characteristic of this species (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF50437FFB4FEDEFA08742715E8" author="Mortensen" box="[378,565,1476,1503]" firstAuthor="Mortensen" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" refId="ref192820" refString="Mortensen, T. (1935) A Monograph of the Echinoidea. II. Bothriocidaroida, Melonechinoida, Lepidocentroida, and Stirodonta. C. A. Reitzel & Oxford University Press, Copenhagen & London, 647 pp." type="book" year="1935">Mortensen 1935</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF50437FFB4FDE5FA0974F515E8" author="Mironov" box="[577,743,1476,1503]" firstAuthor="Mironov" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" pagination="96 - 133" refId="ref191675" refString="Mironov, A. N. (2006) Echinoids from seamounts of the north-eastern Atlantic, onshore / offshore gradients in species distribution. In: Mironov, A. N., Gebruk, A. V. & Southward, A. J. (Eds.), Biogeography of the North Atlantic Seamounts. KMK Scientific Press, Russian Academy of Sciences, P. P. Shirshov Institute of Oceanology, Moscow, pp. 96 - 133." type="book chapter" year="2006">Mironov 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The specimens herein examined were small (D <
|
||
<quantity id="0E19CEE10437FFB4FA87FA08737715E8" box="[1315,1381,1477,1503]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" unit="mm" value="3.0">3 mm</quantity>
|
||
) and not fully developed. Also, both lack important diagnostic characters as no tridentate pedicellaria were present. However, we feel confident that they belong to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0EE118870437FFB4FDDDF9C775121613" authorityName="Agassiz" authorityYear="1869" box="[633,768,1546,1572]" class="Echinoidea" family="Saleniidae" genus="Salenocidaris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Salenioida" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="varispina">
|
||
<emphasis id="FB95BF160437FFB4FDDDF9C774951613" box="[633,647,1546,1572]" italics="true" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">S</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="FB95BF160437FFB4FD32F9C675121613" box="[662,768,1547,1572]" italics="true" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">varispina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The complete specimen (EMEPC-LUSO L09D25ARB21) presented many of the typical features of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0EE118870437FFB4FDC9F9E074E61671" authorityName="Agassiz" authorityYear="1869" box="[621,756,1581,1607]" class="Echinoidea" family="Saleniidae" genus="Salenocidaris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Salenioida" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="varispina">
|
||
<emphasis id="FB95BF160437FFB4FDC9F9E074691670" box="[621,635,1581,1607]" italics="true" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">S</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="FB95BF160437FFB4FD2EF9E074E61671" box="[650,756,1581,1606]" italics="true" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">varispina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, particularly the deep-purple periproct. The ornament of the primary spines varied slightly from typical
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0EE118870437FFB4FDD9F99D7511165E" authorityName="Agassiz" authorityYear="1869" box="[637,771,1616,1642]" class="Echinoidea" family="Saleniidae" genus="Salenocidaris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Salenioida" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="varispina">
|
||
<emphasis id="FB95BF160437FFB4FDD9F99D7499165D" box="[637,651,1616,1642]" italics="true" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">S</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="FB95BF160437FFB4FD3DF99D7511165E" box="[665,771,1616,1641]" italics="true" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">varispina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. This deviation could be dismissed as age dependent based on previous observations by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF50437FFB4FE45F9BF74A216BB" author="Mortensen" box="[481,688,1649,1676]" firstAuthor="Mortensen" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" refId="ref192820" refString="Mortensen, T. (1935) A Monograph of the Echinoidea. II. Bothriocidaroida, Melonechinoida, Lepidocentroida, and Stirodonta. C. A. Reitzel & Oxford University Press, Copenhagen & London, 647 pp." type="book" year="1935">Mortensen (1935)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. The identification of the naked test (EMEPC-LUSO L09D22S1) was less safe as most of diagnostic characters in this genus rely on external appendages, none of which were present. However, comparing the test of both specimens they are nearly identical with comparable arrangement and ornamentation of the apical disc and the plating and tuberculation of the ambulacral and interambulacral areas. The known depth ranges of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0EE118870437FFB4FE05F93074351721" authorityName="Agassiz" authorityYear="1879" box="[417,551,1788,1815]" class="Echinoidea" family="Saleniidae" genus="Salenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Salenioida" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="hastigera">
|
||
<emphasis id="FB95BF160437FFB4FE05F93077BD1720" box="[417,431,1789,1815]" italics="true" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">S</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="FB95BF160437FFB4FE19F93174351721" box="[445,551,1788,1814]" italics="true" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">hastigera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(370–
|
||
<quantity id="0E19CEE10437FFB4FDCBF93174DC1720" box="[623,718,1788,1815]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.605" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" unit="m" value="2.605">2,605 m</quantity>
|
||
) and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0EE118870437FFB4FCAAF93075861721" authorityName="Agassiz" authorityYear="1869" box="[782,916,1789,1815]" class="Echinoidea" family="Saleniidae" genus="Salenocidaris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Salenioida" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="varispina">
|
||
<emphasis id="FB95BF160437FFB4FCAAF930750E1720" box="[782,796,1789,1815]" italics="true" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">S</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="FB95BF160437FFB4FC8EF93075861721" box="[810,916,1789,1814]" italics="true" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">varispina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are similar (650–
|
||
<quantity id="0E19CEE10437FFB4FBFFF93172AE1720" box="[1115,1212,1788,1815]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.6" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" unit="m" value="2.6">2,600 m</quantity>
|
||
), though the former is also known from shallower depths outside the Atlantic (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF50437FFB4FC8EF8D275C1170E" author="Mironov, A. N." box="[810,979,1823,1849]" journalOrPublisher="Invertebrate Zoology" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" pagination="120 - 129" part="11" refId="ref191803" refString="Mironov, A. N. (2014) Deep-sea fauna of European seas: An annotated species check-list of benthic invertebrates living deeper than 2000 m in the seas bordering Europe. Echinoidea. Invertebrate Zoology, 11 (1), 120 - 129. https: // doi. org / 10.15298 / invertzool. 11.1.12" title="Deep-sea fauna of European seas: An annotated species check-list of benthic invertebrates living deeper than 2000 m in the seas bordering Europe. Echinoidea" type="journal article" year="2014">Mironov 2014</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Reports in the
|
||
<collectingRegion id="0B25ADE60437FFB4FB28F8D272C9170E" box="[1164,1243,1823,1849]" country="Portugal" name="Acores" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">Azores</collectingRegion>
|
||
appear to follow the same general pattern, though
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0EE118870437FFB4FDAAF88F7487176B" authorityName="Agassiz" authorityYear="1869" box="[526,661,1858,1884]" class="Echinoidea" family="Saleniidae" genus="Salenocidaris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Salenioida" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="varispina">
|
||
<emphasis id="FB95BF160437FFB4FDAAF88F740E176B" box="[526,540,1858,1884]" italics="true" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">S</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="FB95BF160437FFB4FD8FF88E7487176B" box="[555,661,1859,1884]" italics="true" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">varispina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<quantity id="0E19CEE10437FFB4FD00F88C7542176B" box="[676,848,1857,1884]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4975" metricValueMax="1.83" metricValueMin="1.165" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" unit="m" value="1.4975" valueMax="1.83" valueMin="1.165">
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="ACD505C30437FFB4FD00F88C74F1176B" box="[676,739,1857,1884]" degrees="1,165" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" precision="55" value="1.165">1,165</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="ACD505C30437FFB4FD46F88C7523176B" box="[738,817,1857,1884]" degrees="1,830" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" precision="55" value="-1.83">–1,830</geoCoordinate>
|
||
m
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
) is known locally from a narrower depth range than
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0EE118870437FFB4FF33F8A877321749" authorityName="Agassiz" authorityYear="1879" box="[151,288,1892,1919]" class="Echinoidea" family="Saleniidae" genus="Salenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Salenioida" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="hastigera">
|
||
<emphasis id="FB95BF160437FFB4FF33F8A876B71748" box="[151,165,1893,1919]" italics="true" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">S</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="FB95BF160437FFB4FF12F8A977321749" box="[182,288,1892,1918]" italics="true" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">hastigera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(793–
|
||
<quantity id="0E19CEE10437FFB4FECEF8A877DD1748" box="[362,463,1893,1919]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.44" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" unit="m" value="2.44">2,440 m</quantity>
|
||
). The naked test herein reported (EMEPC-LUSO L09D22S1) was collected at shallower depth (
|
||
<quantity id="0E19CEE10437FFB4FE89F84B77A21795" box="[301,432,1926,1954]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.715" metricValueMax="8.25" metricValueMin="7.18" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" unit="m" value="771.5" valueMax="825.0" valueMin="718.0">718–825 m</quantity>
|
||
) than previous records of this species from the archipelago. Regardless,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF50437FFB4FB4CF84A738E1796" author="Mironov, A. N." box="[1256,1436,1927,1953]" journalOrPublisher="Invertebrate Zoology" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" pagination="120 - 129" part="11" refId="ref191803" refString="Mironov, A. N. (2014) Deep-sea fauna of European seas: An annotated species check-list of benthic invertebrates living deeper than 2000 m in the seas bordering Europe. Echinoidea. Invertebrate Zoology, 11 (1), 120 - 129. https: // doi. org / 10.15298 / invertzool. 11.1.12" title="Deep-sea fauna of European seas: An annotated species check-list of benthic invertebrates living deeper than 2000 m in the seas bordering Europe. Echinoidea" type="journal article" year="2014">Mironov (2014)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
concluded that in the Northeast Atlantic
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0EE118870437FFB4FDF8F86774F017F3" authorityName="Agassiz" authorityYear="1869" box="[604,738,1962,1988]" class="Echinoidea" family="Saleniidae" genus="Salenocidaris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Salenioida" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="varispina">
|
||
<emphasis id="FB95BF160437FFB4FDF8F867747817F3" box="[604,618,1962,1988]" italics="true" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">S</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="FB95BF160437FFB4FDDCF86674F017F3" box="[632,738,1963,1988]" italics="true" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">varispina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
typically occurs in depths shallower than
|
||
<quantity id="0E19CEE10437FFB4FB1EF867730B17F3" box="[1210,1305,1962,1988]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" unit="m" value="2.0">2,000 m</quantity>
|
||
, whereas
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0EE118870437FFB4FA23F867771317D1" authorityName="Agassiz" authorityYear="1879" class="Echinoidea" family="Saleniidae" genus="Salenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Salenioida" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="hastigera">
|
||
<emphasis id="FB95BF160437FFB4FA23F867738717F3" box="[1415,1429,1962,1988]" italics="true" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">S</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="FB95BF160437FFB4FF33F801771317D1" box="[151,257,1996,2022]" italics="true" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">hastigera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
usually occurs deeper (>
|
||
<quantity id="0E19CEE10437FFB4FDBDF800746917D0" box="[537,635,1997,2023]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" unit="m" value="1.9">1,900 m</quantity>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |