268 lines
30 KiB
XML
268 lines
30 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="7F6CA8A8889C74AB5B8067418AD8C197">The Echinoderm Fauna of the Azores (NE Atlantic Ocean)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="3599D5F2CF80D9187CA927F8F6465B92">Kroh, Andreas</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="FF190E0D76C10F7E3E77878334E3E245">Cordeiro, Ricardo</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="1D08AFC631DF14CE036E09ADBF27AA80">De, António M.</mods:namePart>
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<treatment id="4148D2120432FFB0FF33FBD172C910E0" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5583307" ID-GBIF-Taxon="211663051" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5583307" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:4148D2120432FFB0FF33FBD172C910E0" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/4148D2120432FFB0FF33FBD172C910E0" lastPageId="99" lastPageNumber="99" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">
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<paragraph id="C95E63040432FFB1FF33FBD174841401" blockId="98.[151,662,1052,1079]" box="[151,662,1052,1079]" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">
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<taxonomicName id="0EE118870432FFB1FF33FBD174841401" ID-CoL="3584Z" ID-ENA="1310085" authority="? Rodriguez et al., 2013" box="[151,662,1052,1079]" class="Echinoidea" family="Diadematidae" genus="Diadema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diadematoida" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="africanum">
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<emphasis id="FB95BF160432FFB1FF33FBD174031400" bold="true" box="[151,529,1052,1079]" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">
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<emphasis id="FB95BF160432FFB1FF33FBD1776D1400" bold="true" box="[151,383,1052,1079]" italics="true" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">Diadema africanum</emphasis>
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?
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<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF50432FFB1FE31FBD174031400" author="Rodriguez, A. & Hernandez, J. C. & Clemente, S. & Coppard, S. E." box="[405,529,1052,1079]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Rodriguez" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" pagination="144 - 170" refId="ref198798" refString="Rodriguez, A., Hernandez, J. C., Clemente, S. & Coppard, S. E. (2013) A new species of Diadema (Echinodermata: Echinoidea: Diadematidae) from the eastern Atlantic Ocean and a neotype designation of Diadema antillarum (Philippi, 1845). Zootaxa, 3636 (1), 144 - 170. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3636.1.6" type="journal article" year="2013">Rodríguez</bibRefCitation>
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</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="FB95BF160432FFB1FDBCFBD074421401" box="[536,592,1052,1078]" italics="true" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">et al.</emphasis>
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,
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<emphasis id="FB95BF160432FFB1FDFAFBD174841401" bold="true" box="[606,662,1052,1078]" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">2013</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="81FB308F0432FFB1FF33FBAC75D814A0" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" type="description">
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<paragraph id="C95E63040432FFB1FF33FBAC7781144E" blockId="98.[151,970,1120,1176]" box="[151,403,1120,1145]" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">
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<heading id="9216D4680432FFB1FF33FBAC7781144E" bold="true" box="[151,403,1120,1145]" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" reason="2">
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<emphasis id="FB95BF160432FFB1FF33FBAC7781144E" bold="true" box="[151,403,1120,1145]" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">
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Reports for the
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<collectingRegion id="0B25ADE60432FFB1FEE4FBAD779C144E" box="[320,398,1120,1145]" country="Portugal" name="Acores" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">Azores</collectingRegion>
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:
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="C95E63040432FFB1FF33FBB275D814A0" blockId="98.[151,970,1120,1176]" box="[151,970,1149,1176]" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">
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<taxonomicName id="0EE118870432FFB1FF33FBB2745614A0" authority="Rodriguez et al. 2013" authorityName="Rodriguez" authorityYear="2013" box="[151,580,1151,1176]" class="Echinoidea" family="Diadematidae" genus="Diadema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diadematoida" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="africanum">
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<emphasis id="FB95BF160432FFB1FF33FBB2777014AF" box="[151,354,1151,1176]" italics="true" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">Diadema africanum</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF50432FFB1FECDFBB2745614A0" author="Rodriguez" box="[361,580,1151,1176]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Rodriguez" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" pagination="144 - 170" refId="ref198798" refString="Rodriguez, A., Hernandez, J. C., Clemente, S. & Coppard, S. E. (2013) A new species of Diadema (Echinodermata: Echinoidea: Diadematidae) from the eastern Atlantic Ocean and a neotype designation of Diadema antillarum (Philippi, 1845). Zootaxa, 3636 (1), 144 - 170. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3636.1.6" type="journal article" year="2013">
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Rodriguez
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||
<emphasis id="FB95BF160432FFB1FE7DFB4D741714A0" box="[473,517,1151,1175]" italics="true" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">et al</emphasis>
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. 2013
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</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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—
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<superScript id="3E94CE4C0432FFB1FDFAFBB0747714BC" attach="right" box="[606,613,1149,1163]" fontSize="6" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">$</superScript>
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<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF50432FFB1FDC1FBB2759114A0" author="Minderlein & Wirtz" box="[613,899,1151,1176]" firstAuthor="Minderlein" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" pagination="1 - 3" refId="ref191527" refString="Minderlein, R. & Wirtz, P. (2014) A sea urchin (Diadema africanum Rodriguez et al., 2013) and a pipe fish (Syngnathus phlegon Risso, 1827) - two new records for the Azores. Arquipelago, Life and Marine Sciences, 31, 1 - 3." type="journal article" year="2014">Minderlein & Wirtz 2014: 2</bibRefCitation>
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, fig. 2.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="81FB308F0432FFB1FF33FB0B724C1637" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="C95E63040432FFB1FF33FB0B744814D7" blockId="98.[151,1437,1221,2040]" box="[151,602,1221,1248]" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">
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<emphasis id="FB95BF160432FFB1FF33FB0B772B14D7" bold="true" box="[151,313,1221,1248]" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">
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<typeStatus id="165ADDA60432FFB1FF33FB0B76C014D7" box="[151,210,1222,1248]" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">Type</typeStatus>
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locality:
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</emphasis>
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Tenerife,
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<collectingRegion id="0B25ADE60432FFB1FE0FFB0B744414D7" box="[427,598,1222,1248]" country="Spain" name="Canarias" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">Canary Islands</collectingRegion>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="C95E63040432FFB1FF63FB2474191533" blockId="98.[151,1437,1221,2040]" box="[199,523,1257,1284]" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">
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<emphasis id="FB95BF160432FFB1FF63FB2476EB1533" bold="true" box="[199,249,1257,1284]" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">See:</emphasis>
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Rodrigues
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<emphasis id="FB95BF160432FFB1FEDEFB2677B91533" box="[378,427,1258,1284]" italics="true" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">et al</emphasis>
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. (2013).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="C95E63040432FFB1FF63FAC072DF1546" blockId="98.[151,1437,1221,2040]" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">
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<emphasis id="FB95BF160432FFB1FF63FAC0774E151F" bold="true" box="[199,348,1293,1320]" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">Occurrence:</emphasis>
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East Atlantic, from
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<collectingCountry id="B1F623940432FFB1FD98FAC37487151F" box="[572,661,1294,1320]" name="Senegal" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">Senegal</collectingCountry>
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to Gulf of
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<collectingCountry id="B1F623940432FFB1FCABFAC37572151F" box="[783,864,1294,1320]" name="Guinea-Bissau" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">Guinea</collectingCountry>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF50432FFB1FCCAFAC37208151F" author="Koehler" box="[878,1050,1294,1320]" firstAuthor="Koehler" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" pagination="127 - 303" refId="ref185931" refString="Koehler, R. (1914 b) Echinoderma I: Asteroidea, ophiuroidea et Echnoidea. In: Michaelsen, W. (Ed.), Beitrage zur Kenntnis der Meeresfauna Westafrikas. 1 (2). L. Friederichsen & Co., Hamburg, pp. 127 - 303." type="book chapter" year="1914" yearSuffix="b">Koehler 1914b</bibRefCitation>
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||
, Rodrigues
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||
<emphasis id="FB95BF160432FFB1FB3AFAC272DD151F" box="[1182,1231,1294,1320]" italics="true" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">et al</emphasis>
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. 2013) and also in the Azores (
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<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF50432FFB1FEBFFAFF742E157B" author="Minderlein & Wirtz" box="[283,572,1330,1356]" firstAuthor="Minderlein" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" pagination="1 - 3" refId="ref191527" refString="Minderlein, R. & Wirtz, P. (2014) A sea urchin (Diadema africanum Rodriguez et al., 2013) and a pipe fish (Syngnathus phlegon Risso, 1827) - two new records for the Azores. Arquipelago, Life and Marine Sciences, 31, 1 - 3." type="journal article" year="2014">Minderlein & Wirtz 2014</bibRefCitation>
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||
), Madeira (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF50432FFB1FD1EFAFF756F157B" author="Alves" box="[698,893,1330,1356]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Alves" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" pagination="383 - 392" refId="ref171349" refString="Alves, F. M. A., Chicharro, L. M., Serr " o, E. & Abreu, A. D. (2001) Algal cover and sea urchin spatial distribution at Madeira Island (NE Atlantic). Scientia Marina, 65, 383 - 392. https: // doi. org / 10.3989 / scimar. 2001.65 n 4383" type="journal article" year="2001">
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||
Alves
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||
<emphasis id="FB95BF160432FFB1FCA0FAFE7526157B" box="[772,820,1330,1356]" italics="true" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2001
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), Selvagens (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF50432FFB1FBABFAFF733A157B" author="Perez-Ruzafa" box="[1039,1320,1330,1356]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Perez-Ruzafa" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" pagination="277 - 296" refId="ref196162" refString="Perez-Ruzafa, A., Entrambasaguas, L., Espejo, C., Marcos, C. & Bacallado, J. J. (2002) Fauna de equinodermos (Echinodermata) de los fondos rocosos infralitorales del archipielago de Salvajes (Oceano Atlantico). Revista de la Academia Canaria de Ciencias, 14 (3 - 4), 277 - 296." type="journal article" year="2002">
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Pérez-Ruzafa
|
||
<emphasis id="FB95BF160432FFB1FB0AFAFE72CD157B" box="[1198,1247,1330,1356]" italics="true" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">et al</emphasis>
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. 2002
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), Canaries (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF50432FFB1FF3BFA9B778E1547" author="Hernandez" box="[159,412,1366,1392]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Hernandez" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" pagination="471 - 510" refId="ref183943" refString="Hernandez, J. C., Clemente S., Tuya F., Perez-Ruzafa, A., Sangil, C., Moro-Abad, L. & Bacallado-Aranega, J. J (2013) Echinoderms of the Canary Islands, Spain. In: Alvarado J. J. & Solis-Marin F. A. (Eds.), Echinoderm Research and Diversity in Latin America. Springer, Berlin / Heidelberg, pp. 471 - 510. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / 978 - 3 - 642 - 20051 - 9 _ 15" type="book chapter" year="2013">
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Hernández
|
||
<emphasis id="FB95BF160432FFB1FE85FA9A77401547" box="[289,338,1366,1392]" italics="true" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">et al</emphasis>
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. 2013
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
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),
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||
<collectingCountry id="B1F623940432FFB1FE0BFA9B74221547" box="[431,560,1366,1392]" name="Cape Verde" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">Cape Verde</collectingCountry>
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(
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||
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF50432FFB1FD9BFA9B75451547" author="Perez-Ruzafa" box="[575,855,1366,1392]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Perez-Ruzafa" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" pagination="277 - 296" refId="ref196162" refString="Perez-Ruzafa, A., Entrambasaguas, L., Espejo, C., Marcos, C. & Bacallado, J. J. (2002) Fauna de equinodermos (Echinodermata) de los fondos rocosos infralitorales del archipielago de Salvajes (Oceano Atlantico). Revista de la Academia Canaria de Ciencias, 14 (3 - 4), 277 - 296." type="journal article" year="2002">
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Pérez-Ruzafa
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<emphasis id="FB95BF160432FFB1FD7BFA9A75021547" box="[735,784,1366,1392]" italics="true" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2002
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and S„o Tomé (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF50432FFB1FBB0FA9B72D31546" author="Koehler" box="[1044,1217,1366,1393]" firstAuthor="Koehler" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" pagination="127 - 303" refId="ref185931" refString="Koehler, R. (1914 b) Echinoderma I: Asteroidea, ophiuroidea et Echnoidea. In: Michaelsen, W. (Ed.), Beitrage zur Kenntnis der Meeresfauna Westafrikas. 1 (2). L. Friederichsen & Co., Hamburg, pp. 127 - 303." type="book chapter" year="1914" yearSuffix="b">Koehler 1914b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="C95E63040432FFB1FF63FAB776F2158F" blockId="98.[151,1437,1221,2040]" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">
|
||
<emphasis id="FB95BF160432FFB1FF63FAB7770815A3" bold="true" box="[199,282,1402,1428]" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">Depth:</emphasis>
|
||
strictly a littoral form (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF50432FFB1FD95FAB774ED15A3" author="Alves" box="[561,767,1402,1428]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Alves" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" pagination="383 - 392" refId="ref171349" refString="Alves, F. M. A., Chicharro, L. M., Serr " o, E. & Abreu, A. D. (2001) Algal cover and sea urchin spatial distribution at Madeira Island (NE Atlantic). Scientia Marina, 65, 383 - 392. https: // doi. org / 10.3989 / scimar. 2001.65 n 4383" type="journal article" year="2001">
|
||
Alves
|
||
<emphasis id="FB95BF160432FFB1FDDAFAB674A115A3" box="[638,691,1402,1428]" italics="true" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2001
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF50432FFB1FCAAFAB7720615A3" author="Hernandez" box="[782,1044,1402,1428]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Hernandez" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" pagination="471 - 510" refId="ref183943" refString="Hernandez, J. C., Clemente S., Tuya F., Perez-Ruzafa, A., Sangil, C., Moro-Abad, L. & Bacallado-Aranega, J. J (2013) Echinoderms of the Canary Islands, Spain. In: Alvarado J. J. & Solis-Marin F. A. (Eds.), Echinoderm Research and Diversity in Latin America. Springer, Berlin / Heidelberg, pp. 471 - 510. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / 978 - 3 - 642 - 20051 - 9 _ 15" type="book chapter" year="2013">
|
||
Hernández
|
||
<emphasis id="FB95BF160432FFB1FC36FAB675D415A3" box="[914,966,1402,1428]" italics="true" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2013
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
);
|
||
<collectionCode id="AFF0FBC10432FFB1FB8DFAB7727515A3" box="[1065,1127,1402,1428]" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">AZO</collectionCode>
|
||
:
|
||
<quantity id="0E19CEE10432FFB1FBD1FAB772B615A3" box="[1141,1188,1402,1428]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" unit="m" value="8.0">8 m</quantity>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF50432FFB1FB11FAB776C6158F" author="Minderlein & Wirtz" firstAuthor="Minderlein" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" pagination="1 - 3" refId="ref191527" refString="Minderlein, R. & Wirtz, P. (2014) A sea urchin (Diadema africanum Rodriguez et al., 2013) and a pipe fish (Syngnathus phlegon Risso, 1827) - two new records for the Azores. Arquipelago, Life and Marine Sciences, 31, 1 - 3." type="journal article" year="2014">Minderlein & Wirtz 2014</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="C95E63040432FFB1FF63FA0C75D315EB" blockId="98.[151,1437,1221,2040]" box="[199,961,1473,1500]" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">
|
||
<emphasis id="FB95BF160432FFB1FF63FA0C773E15EB" bold="true" box="[199,300,1473,1500]" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">Habitat:</emphasis>
|
||
hard substrates (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF50432FFB1FE4DFA0F74BF15EB" author="Alves" box="[489,685,1474,1500]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Alves" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" pagination="383 - 392" refId="ref171349" refString="Alves, F. M. A., Chicharro, L. M., Serr " o, E. & Abreu, A. D. (2001) Algal cover and sea urchin spatial distribution at Madeira Island (NE Atlantic). Scientia Marina, 65, 383 - 392. https: // doi. org / 10.3989 / scimar. 2001.65 n 4383" type="journal article" year="2001">
|
||
Alves
|
||
<emphasis id="FB95BF160432FFB1FD97FA0E747615EB" box="[563,612,1474,1500]" italics="true" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2001
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF50432FFB1FD1DFA0F75A715EB" author="Hernandez" box="[697,949,1474,1500]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Hernandez" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" pagination="471 - 510" refId="ref183943" refString="Hernandez, J. C., Clemente S., Tuya F., Perez-Ruzafa, A., Sangil, C., Moro-Abad, L. & Bacallado-Aranega, J. J (2013) Echinoderms of the Canary Islands, Spain. In: Alvarado J. J. & Solis-Marin F. A. (Eds.), Echinoderm Research and Diversity in Latin America. Springer, Berlin / Heidelberg, pp. 471 - 510. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / 978 - 3 - 642 - 20051 - 9 _ 15" type="book chapter" year="2013">
|
||
Hernández
|
||
<emphasis id="FB95BF160432FFB1FC9DFA0E757815EB" box="[825,874,1474,1500]" italics="true" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2013
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="C95E63040432FFB1FF63FA2B724C1637" blockId="98.[151,1437,1221,2040]" box="[199,1118,1509,1536]" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">
|
||
<emphasis id="FB95BF160432FFB1FF63FA2B77771637" bold="true" box="[199,357,1510,1536]" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">Larval stage:</emphasis>
|
||
probably planktotrophic (inferred from the genus; see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF50432FFB1FC6FFA2B72431637" author="Emlet" box="[971,1105,1509,1536]" firstAuthor="Emlet" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" pagination="476 - 489" refId="ref179967" refString="Emlet, R. B. (1995) Developmental mode and species geographic range in regular sea urchins (Echinodermata: Echinoidea). Evolution, 49 (3), 476 - 489. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1558 - 5646.1995. tb 02280. x" type="journal article" year="1995">Emlet 1995</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="81FB308F0432FFB0FF63F9C772C910E0" lastPageId="99" lastPageNumber="100" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="C95E63040432FFB0FF63F9C772C910E0" blockId="98.[151,1437,1221,2040]" lastBlockId="99.[151,1436,153,215]" lastPageId="99" lastPageNumber="100" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">
|
||
<emphasis id="FB95BF160432FFB1FF63F9C7772F1613" bold="true" box="[199,317,1546,1572]" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">Remarks:</emphasis>
|
||
the inclusion of the Azores in the geographical distribution of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0EE118870432FFB1FBB5F9C772E41613" authorityName="Philippi" authorityYear="1845" box="[1041,1270,1546,1572]" class="Echinoidea" family="Diadematidae" genus="Diadema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diadematoida" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="antillarum">
|
||
<emphasis id="FB95BF160432FFB1FBB5F9C772E41613" box="[1041,1270,1546,1572]" italics="true" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">Diadema antillarum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF50432FFB1FA80F9C776FC167F" author="Mortensen" firstAuthor="Mortensen" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" refId="ref192926" refString="Mortensen, T. (1940 a) A Monograph of the Echinoidea. III. 1. Aulodonta, with Additions to Vol. II (Lepidocentroida and Stirodonta). C. A. Reitzel, Copenhagen, 370 pp." type="book" year="1940" yearSuffix="a">Mortensen (1940a)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
at the time appears to be a product of a misprint since no specimen belonging to this species was reported from the archipelago (see below remarks under
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0EE118870432FFB1FD1BF99F7214165B" baseAuthorityName="Philippi" baseAuthorityYear="1845" box="[703,1030,1618,1644]" class="Echinoidea" family="Diadematidae" genus="Centrostephanus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diadematoida" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="longispinus">
|
||
<emphasis id="FB95BF160432FFB1FD1BF99F7214165B" box="[703,1030,1618,1644]" italics="true" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">Centrostephanus longispinus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). Recently, however,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF50432FFB1FAA5F99F773A16A7" author="Minderlein & Wirtz" firstAuthor="Minderlein" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" pagination="1 - 3" refId="ref191527" refString="Minderlein, R. & Wirtz, P. (2014) A sea urchin (Diadema africanum Rodriguez et al., 2013) and a pipe fish (Syngnathus phlegon Risso, 1827) - two new records for the Azores. Arquipelago, Life and Marine Sciences, 31, 1 - 3." type="journal article" year="2014">Minderlein & Wirtz (2014)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
have identified
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0EE118870432FFB1FE7AF9BB74AD16A7" box="[478,703,1654,1680]" class="Echinoidea" family="Diadematidae" genus="Diadema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diadematoida" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="africanum">
|
||
<emphasis id="FB95BF160432FFB1FE7AF9BB74AD16A7" box="[478,703,1654,1680]" italics="true" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">Diadema africanum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in Santa Maria Island, making the Azores the northernmost limit for this species. Nevertheless, considering its known gregarious behaviour and conspicuous presence on shallow rocky shores throughout this species distribution (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF50432FFB1FD66F973759616EF" author="Alves" box="[706,900,1726,1752]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Alves" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" pagination="383 - 392" refId="ref171349" refString="Alves, F. M. A., Chicharro, L. M., Serr " o, E. & Abreu, A. D. (2001) Algal cover and sea urchin spatial distribution at Madeira Island (NE Atlantic). Scientia Marina, 65, 383 - 392. https: // doi. org / 10.3989 / scimar. 2001.65 n 4383" type="journal article" year="2001">
|
||
Alves
|
||
<emphasis id="FB95BF160432FFB1FCAFF972755116EF" box="[779,835,1726,1752]" italics="true" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2001
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF50432FFB1FC2BF973723716EF" author="Schultz" box="[911,1061,1726,1752]" firstAuthor="Schultz" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" refId="ref199860" refString="Schultz, H. (2006) Sea Urchins - a guide to worldwide shallow-water species. 3 rd Edition. Heinke & Peter Schultz Partner Scientific Publications, 484 pp." type="book" year="2006">Schultz 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; Hernández
|
||
<emphasis id="FB95BF160432FFB1FB0BF97272F216EF" box="[1199,1248,1726,1752]" italics="true" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2008), it is hard to believe that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0EE118870432FFB1FE9BF92E77C716CB" box="[319,469,1762,1788]" class="Echinoidea" family="Diadematidae" genus="Diadema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diadematoida" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="africanum">
|
||
<emphasis id="FB95BF160432FFB1FE9BF92E774116CB" box="[319,339,1763,1788]" italics="true" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">D</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="FB95BF160432FFB1FEC6F92F77C716CB" box="[354,469,1762,1788]" italics="true" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">africanum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
could represent a case of an overlooked shallow–water element of the Azores in over 150 years of echinoderm studies in the area. In the future, it will be interesting to understand if the specimen found in the southernmost island of the Azores represent a solitary vagrant or a recent established population, as a result of a recent range expansion of this tropical East Atlantic form to the northern waters of the Azores.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF50432FFB1FAA6F883773B17BB" author="Minderlein & Wirtz" firstAuthor="Minderlein" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" pagination="1 - 3" refId="ref191527" refString="Minderlein, R. & Wirtz, P. (2014) A sea urchin (Diadema africanum Rodriguez et al., 2013) and a pipe fish (Syngnathus phlegon Risso, 1827) - two new records for the Azores. Arquipelago, Life and Marine Sciences, 31, 1 - 3." type="journal article" year="2014">Minderlein & Wirtz (2014)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
remarked that since its collection in 2010 no other sightings have been reported, indicating that the presence of this species in the archipelago could be a direct result of the global warming, as occasional propagules find the increasingly warmer waters in the Azores suitable for establishment. Its rare occurrence could be the result of lag times between the initial invasion event(s) to population outbreaks, which are a common phenomenon in the invasion process of many marine species. For example, after its initial discovery more than a decade ago, the alien invasive
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0EE118870433FFB0FF5FFF7077D110E0" baseAuthorityName="Leske" baseAuthorityYear="1778" box="[251,451,189,215]" class="Echinoidea" family="Diadematidae" genus="Diadema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diadematoida" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="setosum">
|
||
<emphasis id="FB95BF160433FFB0FF5FFF7077D110E0" box="[251,451,189,215]" italics="true" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">Diadema setosum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
still is exceptionally rare in the Mediterranean (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF50433FFB0FC79FF7072DD10E0" author="Bronstein" box="[989,1231,189,215]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Bronstein" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" pagination="163 - 178" refId="ref174980" refString="Bronstein, O., Georgopoulou, E. & Kroh, A. (2017) On the distribution of the invasive long-spined echinoid Diadema setosum and its expansion in the Mediterranean Sea. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 583, 163 - 178. https: // doi. org / 10.3354 / meps 12348" type="journal article" year="2017">
|
||
Bronstein
|
||
<emphasis id="FB95BF160433FFB0FBF7FF73729610E0" box="[1107,1156,189,215]" italics="true" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2017
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |