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<document id="6B779D0F3E1CCBFFB30A4E14F2483950" ID-CLB-Dataset="26164" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4639.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="812e0570-38c6-4f6e-840c-7d52d87a8c12" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-PMC="PMC6910866" ID-PubMed="31712455" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3342161" ID-ZooBank="B1690E30-EC81-46D3-881D-97648DDC7745" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1563526566144" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Madeira, Patrícia, Kroh, Andreas, Cordeiro, Ricardo, De, António M., Martins, Frias &amp; Ávila, Sérgio P." docDate="2019" docId="4148D212041FFF83FF33F97E735D1368" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4639.1.1.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4639 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Luidia sarsii subsp. sarsii sarsii Duben &amp; Koren, in Duben 1844" docType="treatment" docVersion="14" lastPageNumber="81" masterDocId="BD71AA6A0450FFD3FFA4FFCD76121037" masterDocTitle="The Echinoderm Fauna of the Azores (NE Atlantic Ocean)" masterLastPageNumber="231" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="80" updateTime="1698685128211" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:title id="867416AB5530A433D4C95ECEFA26D292">The Echinoderm Fauna of the Azores (NE Atlantic Ocean)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="6BA26CEF162D8E59D45578B226F2839A">Kroh, Andreas</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="C94FABA012E606013671FAC55C2BD089">De, António M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="4B802A2A8A314C9B18ECD97C206E0A8D">Martins, Frias</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="36F219B37605B1145B36FA22DBEE05AB">Ávila, Sérgio P.</mods:namePart>
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<taxonomicName id="0EE11887041FFF9CFF33F97E74E516FA" ID-CoL="7HC7X" authority="sarsii Duben &amp; Koren, in Duben, 1844" authorityName="sarsii Duben &amp; Koren, in Duben" authorityYear="1844" box="[151,759,1715,1742]" class="Asteroidea" family="Luidiidae" genus="Luidia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Paxillosida" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="subSpecies" species="sarsii" subSpecies="sarsii">
<emphasis id="FB95BF16041FFF9CFF33F97E74E516FA" bold="true" box="[151,759,1715,1742]" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">
<emphasis id="FB95BF16041FFF9CFF33F97E777C16F9" bold="true" box="[151,366,1715,1742]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">Luidia sarsii sarsii</emphasis>
Düben &amp; Koren,
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Düben, 1844
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<emphasis id="FB95BF16041FFF9CFF33F93177BF1721" bold="true" box="[151,429,1787,1814]" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">
Reports for the
<collectingRegion id="0B25ADE6041FFF9CFEF6F93677BA1721" box="[338,424,1787,1814]" country="Portugal" name="Acores" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">Azores</collectingRegion>
:
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<taxonomicName id="0EE11887041FFF9CFF33F8D1770A1703" ID-CoL="6QQD4" authorityName="Duben &amp; Koren, in Duben" authorityYear="1844" box="[151,280,1820,1844]" class="Asteroidea" family="Luidiidae" genus="Luidia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Paxillosida" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="sarsii">
<emphasis id="FB95BF16041FFF9CFF33F8D1770A1703" box="[151,280,1820,1844]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">Luidia sarsii</emphasis>
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D̹ben &amp; Koren,
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<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF5041FFF9CFE4FF8D6747F1703" author="D ʾ ben, M. W." box="[491,621,1819,1844]" journalOrPublisher="Ofversigt af Kongliga Vetenskaps-Akademiens F ˆ rhandlingar" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" pagination="110 - 116" part="1" refId="ref179614" refString="D ʾ ben, M. W. (1844) Norriges Hafsfauna. Ofversigt af Kongliga Vetenskaps-Akademiens F ˆ rhandlingar, 1 (1), 110 - 116." title="Norriges Hafsfauna" type="journal article" year="1844">D̹ben, 1844</bibRefCitation>
—
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<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF5041FFF9CFD2BF8D675561703" author="Koehler" box="[655,836,1819,1844]" firstAuthor="Koehler" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" pagination="1 - 317" refId="ref185837" refString="Koehler, R. (1909) Echinodermes provenant des campagnes du yacht Princesse-Alice (Asteries, Ophiures, Echinides et Crinoides). Resultats des campagnes scientifiques accomplies sur son yacht par Albert Ier Prince Souverain de Monaco, 34, 1 - 317." type="journal article" year="1909">Koehler 1909: 59</bibRefCitation>
;
<superScript id="3E94CE4C041FFF9CFCF4F8D77545171F" attach="right" box="[848,855,1818,1832]" fontSize="6" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">$</superScript>
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF5041FFF9CFCF3F8D675E61703" author="Grieg" box="[855,1012,1819,1844]" firstAuthor="Grieg" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" pagination="1 - 47" refId="ref183024" refString="Grieg, J. A. (1932) Echinodermata. Report of the scientific results of the Michael Sars North Atlantic deep sea expedition 1910, 3 (2), 1 - 47." type="journal article" year="1932">Grieg 1932: 24</bibRefCitation>
;
<superScript id="3E94CE4C041FFF9CFC5BF8D77214171F" attach="right" box="[1023,1030,1818,1832]" fontSize="6" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">$</superScript>
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF5041FFF9CFBA3F8D1731E1703" author="Tortonese" box="[1031,1292,1819,1844]" firstAuthor="Tortonese" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" refId="ref202694" refString="Tortonese, E. (1965) Fauna D'Italia-Echinodermata. Edizioni Calderini, Bologna, 422 pp." type="book" year="1965">Tortonese 1965: 150–152</bibRefCitation>
, fig. 69; A.M.
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF5041FFF9CFF63F8F777BE1764" author="Clark" box="[199,428,1850,1875]" firstAuthor="Clark" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" pagination="157 - 184" refId="ref176855" refString="Clark, A. M. (1982 a) Notes on Atlantic Asteroidea. 2. Luidiidae. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), Zoology, 42 (3), 157 - 184." type="journal article" year="1982" yearSuffix="a">Clark 1982a: 175–180</bibRefCitation>
, figs. 1c, 2c, g, 3m–o, v, 6;
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF5041FFF9CFD60F8F775881764" author="Sneli" box="[708,922,1850,1875]" firstAuthor="Sneli" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" pagination="229 - 259" refId="ref200983" refString="Sneli, J. - A. (1999) Echinodermata, Asteroidea in the Faroe region. Frodskaparrit, 47, 229 - 259." type="journal article" year="1999">Sneli 1999: 233–234</bibRefCitation>
;
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<taxonomicName id="0EE11887041FFF9CFF33F89477441746" ID-CoL="7HC7X" authority="sarsii" authorityName="sarsii Duben &amp; Koren, in Duben" authorityYear="1844" box="[151,342,1881,1905]" class="Asteroidea" family="Luidiidae" genus="Luidia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Paxillosida" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="subSpecies" species="sarsii" subSpecies="sarsii">
<emphasis id="FB95BF16041FFF9CFF33F89477441746" box="[151,342,1881,1905]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">Luidia sarsii sarsii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
D̹ben &amp; Koren, 1845—
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<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF5041FFF9CFDF3F89475271746" author="Gage" box="[599,821,1881,1906]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Gage" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" pagination="263 - 308" refId="ref181395" refString="Gage, J. D., Billett, D. S. M., Jensen, M. &amp; Tyler, P. A. (1983) Echinoderms of the Rockall Trough and adjacent areas. I. Crinoidea, Asteroidea and Ophiuroidea. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), Zoology, 45, 263 - 308. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 28002" type="journal article" year="1983">
Gage
<emphasis id="FB95BF16041FFF9CFD37F89774D21746" box="[659,704,1881,1905]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">et al</emphasis>
. 1983: 272
</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
; A.M.
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF5041FFF9CFCDDF89472BD1746" author="Clark &amp; Downey" box="[889,1199,1881,1906]" firstAuthor="Clark" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" refId="ref176986" refString="Clark, A. M. &amp; Downey, M. E. (1992) Starfishes of the Atlantic. Natural History Museum Publications. Chapman &amp; Hall, London, 794 pp." type="book" year="1992">Clark &amp; Downey 1992: 18–20</bibRefCitation>
, figs.
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, n, v,
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, pl. 2, fig. B;
<treatmentCitation id="48404515041FFF9CFEAAF8BA77D717A7" author="Pereira, M." box="[270,453,1911,1936]" page="336" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" year="1997">
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF5041FFF9CFEAAF8BA77D717A7" author="Pereira" box="[270,453,1911,1936]" firstAuthor="Pereira" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" pagination="331 - 337" refId="ref195814" refString="Pereira, M. (1997) Checklist of the littoral echinoderms of the Azores. Acoreana, 8 (3), 331 - 337." type="journal article" year="1997">Pereira 1997: 336</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
;
<treatmentCitation id="48404515041FFF9CFE74F8BA74F517A7" author="Garcia-Diez, C. &amp; Porteiro, F. M. &amp; Meirinho, A. &amp; Cardigos, F. &amp; Tempera, F." box="[464,743,1911,1936]" page="47" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" year="2005">
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF5041FFF9CFE74F8BA74F517A7" author="Garcia-Diez" box="[464,743,1911,1936]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Garcia-Diez" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" pagination="35 - 59" refId="ref181624" refString="Garcia-Diez, C., Porteiro, F. M., Meirinho, A., Cardigos, F. &amp; Tempera, F. (2005) Taxonomic review of selected invertebrate groups collected during the Campaigns of the Prince Albert I of Monaco in the Azorean waters. Arquipelago. Life and Marine Sciences, 22 A, 35 - 59." type="journal article" year="2005">
García-Diez
<emphasis id="FB95BF16041FFF9CFDF6F8B4746C17A7" box="[594,638,1912,1936]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">et al</emphasis>
. 2005: 47
</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
;
<treatmentCitation id="48404515041FFF9CFD56F8BA721317A7" author="Micael, J. &amp; Costa A. C." box="[754,1025,1911,1936]" page="322" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" year="2010">
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF5041FFF9CFD56F8BA721317A7" author="Micael &amp; Costa" box="[754,1025,1911,1936]" firstAuthor="Micael" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" pagination="321 - 323" refId="ref190649" refString="Micael, J. &amp; Costa A. C. (2010) Echinodermata. In: Borges, P. A. V., Costa, A., Cunha, R., Gabriel, R., Goncalves, V., Martins, A. F., Melo, I., Parente, M., Raposeiro, P., Rodrigues, P., Santos, R. S., Silva, L., Vieira, P. &amp; Vieira, V. (Eds.), A list of the terrestrial and marine biota from the Azores. Principia, Oeiras, pp. 321 - 323." type="book chapter" year="2010">
Micael &amp;
<collectingRegion id="0B25ADE6041FFF9CFCFCF8B5758017A7" box="[856,914,1912,1936]" country="New Zealand" name="West Coast" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">Costa</collectingRegion>
2010: 322
</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
;
<treatmentCitation id="48404515041FFF9CFBA8F8BA72F217A7" author="Micael, J. &amp; Alves, M. J. &amp; Jones, M. B. &amp; Costa, A. C." box="[1036,1248,1911,1936]" page="5" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" year="2012">
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF5041FFF9CFBA8F8BA72F217A7" author="Micael" box="[1036,1248,1911,1936]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Micael" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" pagination="49" refId="ref190819" refString="Micael, J., Alves, M. J., Jones, M. B. &amp; Costa, A. C. (2012) Diversity of shallow-water asteroids (Echinodermata) in the Azorean Archipelago. Marine Biodiversity Records, 5, e 49. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 1755267211000534" type="journal article" year="2012">
Micael
<emphasis id="FB95BF16041FFF9CFBFCF8B4729717A7" box="[1112,1157,1912,1936]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">et al</emphasis>
. 2012: 5
</bibRefCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="C95E6304041FFF9CFF33F873755A17CB" blockId="79.[151,840,1981,2045]" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">
<emphasis id="FB95BF16041FFF9CFF33F873772B17EF" bold="true" box="[151,313,1981,2008]" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">Type locality:</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="B1F62394041FFF9CFEE4F872778817EE" box="[320,410,1983,2009]" name="Norway" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">Norway</collectingCountry>
(
<typeStatus id="165ADDA6041FFF9CFE0DF873740417EE" box="[425,534,1982,2009]" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
).
<emphasis id="FB95BF16041FFF9CFF63F82C76EB17CB" bold="true" box="[199,249,2017,2044]" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">See:</emphasis>
A.M.
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF5041FFF9CFEE6F82F77F317CB" author="Clark" box="[322,481,2018,2044]" firstAuthor="Clark" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" pagination="157 - 184" refId="ref176855" refString="Clark, A. M. (1982 a) Notes on Atlantic Asteroidea. 2. Luidiidae. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), Zoology, 42 (3), 157 - 184." type="journal article" year="1982" yearSuffix="a">Clark (1982a)</bibRefCitation>
; A.M.
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF5041FFF9CFD8AF82F755117CB" author="Clark &amp; Downey" box="[558,835,2018,2045]" firstAuthor="Clark" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" refId="ref176986" refString="Clark, A. M. &amp; Downey, M. E. (1992) Starfishes of the Atlantic. Natural History Museum Publications. Chapman &amp; Hall, London, 794 pp." type="book" year="1992">Clark &amp; Downey (1992)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C95E63040400FF83FF63FF5575E41128" blockId="80.[151,1437,152,863]" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">
<emphasis id="FB95BF160400FF83FF63FF55774E1084" bold="true" box="[199,348,152,179]" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">Occurrence:</emphasis>
Mediterranean Sea and Northeast Atlantic, from
<collectingCountry id="B1F623940400FF83FC25FF5475C91084" box="[897,987,153,179]" name="Norway" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">Norway</collectingCountry>
and the Faeroe Bank (
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF50400FF83FB72FF5573431084" author="Sneli" box="[1238,1361,152,179]" firstAuthor="Sneli" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" pagination="229 - 259" refId="ref200983" refString="Sneli, J. - A. (1999) Echinodermata, Asteroidea in the Faroe region. Frodskaparrit, 47, 229 - 259." type="journal article" year="1999">Sneli 1999</bibRefCitation>
) south to Cape Blanc (
<collectingCountry id="B1F623940400FF83FEEEFF7177D810E1" box="[330,458,188,214]" name="Mauritania" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">Mauritania</collectingCountry>
; A.M.
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF50400FF83FDBEFF7174B410E0" author="Clark" box="[538,678,188,215]" firstAuthor="Clark" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" pagination="157 - 184" refId="ref176855" refString="Clark, A. M. (1982 a) Notes on Atlantic Asteroidea. 2. Luidiidae. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), Zoology, 42 (3), 157 - 184." type="journal article" year="1982" yearSuffix="a">Clark 1982a</bibRefCitation>
) including the Azores (
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF50400FF83FC10FF71724710E0" author="Koehler" box="[948,1109,188,215]" firstAuthor="Koehler" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" pagination="1 - 317" refId="ref185837" refString="Koehler, R. (1909) Echinodermes provenant des campagnes du yacht Princesse-Alice (Asteries, Ophiures, Echinides et Crinoides). Resultats des campagnes scientifiques accomplies sur son yacht par Albert Ier Prince Souverain de Monaco, 34, 1 - 317." type="journal article" year="1909">Koehler 1909</bibRefCitation>
); the subspecies
<taxonomicName id="0EE118870400FF83FAB2FF70776E10CC" authority="Sladen, 1889" authorityName="Sladen" authorityYear="1889" class="Asteroidea" family="Luidiidae" genus="Luidia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Paxillosida" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="subSpecies" species="sarsii" subSpecies="africana">
<emphasis id="FB95BF160400FF83FAB2FF7076F210CD" italics="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">L. sarsii africana</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF50400FF83FF4DFF2D776E10CC" author="Sladen" box="[233,380,224,251]" firstAuthor="Sladen" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" pagination="1 - 893" refId="ref200640" refString="Sladen, W. P. (1889) Report on the Asteroidea collected by H. M. S. Challenger during the years 1873 - 1876. Challenger series of reports, Zoology, 30, 1 - 893." type="journal article" year="1889">Sladen, 1889</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
is restricted to Namibian and South African waters, whereas the subspecies
<taxonomicName id="0EE118870400FF83FB45FF2C773A1128" authority="Perrier, 1875" authorityName="Perrier" authorityYear="1875" class="Asteroidea" family="Luidiidae" genus="Luidia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Paxillosida" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="subSpecies" species="sarsii" subSpecies="elegans">
<emphasis id="FB95BF160400FF83FB45FF2C738F10CD" box="[1249,1437,224,250]" italics="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">L. sarsii elegans</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF50400FF83FF33FEC9773A1128" author="Perrier" box="[151,296,260,287]" firstAuthor="Perrier" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" refId="ref196823" refString="Perrier, M. E. (1875) Revision de la collection de stellerides du Museum d'Histoire naturelle de Paris. Reinwald, Paris, 384 pp." type="book" year="1875">Perrier, 1875</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
is known from the western Atlantic waters (A.M.
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF50400FF83FCF8FEC975F81128" author="Clark" box="[860,1002,260,287]" firstAuthor="Clark" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" pagination="157 - 184" refId="ref176855" refString="Clark, A. M. (1982 a) Notes on Atlantic Asteroidea. 2. Luidiidae. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), Zoology, 42 (3), 157 - 184." type="journal article" year="1982" yearSuffix="a">Clark 1982a</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C95E63040400FF83FF63FEE475121150" blockId="80.[151,1437,152,863]" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">
<emphasis id="FB95BF160400FF83FF63FEE477081174" bold="true" box="[199,282,297,323]" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">Depth:</emphasis>
9–
<quantity id="0E19CEE10400FF83FE99FEE477881174" box="[317,410,297,323]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" unit="m" value="1.3">1,300 m</quantity>
(
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF50400FF83FE0DFEE5743A1174" author="Sneli" box="[425,552,296,323]" firstAuthor="Sneli" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" pagination="229 - 259" refId="ref200983" refString="Sneli, J. - A. (1999) Echinodermata, Asteroidea in the Faroe region. Frodskaparrit, 47, 229 - 259." type="journal article" year="1999">Sneli 1999</bibRefCitation>
); tends to live in deeper cold waters at its southern geographical range (
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF50400FF83FAF7FEE576C11150" author="Picton" firstAuthor="Picton" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" refId="ref197776" refString="Picton, B. (1993) A field guide to the shallow-water echinoderms of the British Isles. IMMEL Publishing Lda, London, 96 pp." type="book" year="1993">Picton 1993</bibRefCitation>
);
<collectionCode id="AFF0FBC10400FF83FF42FE8077361150" box="[230,292,333,359]" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">AZO</collectionCode>
:?
<quantity id="0E19CEE10400FF83FE9DFE8077A81150" box="[313,442,333,359]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" unit="m" value="150.0" valueMax="200.0" valueMin="100.0">100–200 m</quantity>
(
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF50400FF83FE6CFE8174741150" author="Koehler" box="[456,614,332,359]" firstAuthor="Koehler" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" pagination="1 - 317" refId="ref185837" refString="Koehler, R. (1909) Echinodermes provenant des campagnes du yacht Princesse-Alice (Asteries, Ophiures, Echinides et Crinoides). Resultats des campagnes scientifiques accomplies sur son yacht par Albert Ier Prince Souverain de Monaco, 34, 1 - 317." type="journal article" year="1909">Koehler 1909</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF50400FF83FDD5FE8174E61150" author="Grieg" box="[625,756,332,359]" firstAuthor="Grieg" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" pagination="1 - 47" refId="ref183024" refString="Grieg, J. A. (1932) Echinodermata. Report of the scientific results of the Michael Sars North Atlantic deep sea expedition 1910, 3 (2), 1 - 47." type="journal article" year="1932">Grieg 1932</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C95E63040400FF83FF63FEBD772A1198" blockId="80.[151,1437,152,863]" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">
<emphasis id="FB95BF160400FF83FF63FEBD773E11BC" bold="true" box="[199,300,368,395]" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">Habitat:</emphasis>
mud, shell-sand, gravel and stones (
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF50400FF83FD1BFEBD752E11BC" author="Sneli" box="[703,828,368,395]" firstAuthor="Sneli" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" pagination="229 - 259" refId="ref200983" refString="Sneli, J. - A. (1999) Echinodermata, Asteroidea in the Faroe region. Frodskaparrit, 47, 229 - 259." type="journal article" year="1999">Sneli 1999</bibRefCitation>
); night-active, burying itself in the sand during the day (
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF50400FF83FF3BFE5977391198" author="Picton" box="[159,299,404,431]" firstAuthor="Picton" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" refId="ref197776" refString="Picton, B. (1993) A field guide to the shallow-water echinoderms of the British Isles. IMMEL Publishing Lda, London, 96 pp." type="book" year="1993">Picton 1993</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C95E63040400FF83FF63FE7474F111E4" blockId="80.[151,1437,152,863]" box="[199,739,440,467]" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">
<emphasis id="FB95BF160400FF83FF63FE74777711E4" bold="true" box="[199,357,441,467]" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">Larval stage:</emphasis>
planktotrophic (
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF50400FF83FDBAFE7574C411E4" author="Domanski" box="[542,726,440,467]" firstAuthor="Domanski" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" pagination="189 - 195" refId="ref179103" refString="Domanski, P. A. (1984) Giant larvae: prolonged planktonic larval phase in the asteroid Luidia sarsi. Marine Biology, 80, 189 - 195. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / BF 02180186" type="journal article" year="1984">Domanski 1984</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C95E63040400FF83FF63FE10735D1368" blockId="80.[151,1437,152,863]" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">
<emphasis id="FB95BF160400FF83FF63FE10772611C0" bold="true" box="[199,308,477,503]" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">Remarks</emphasis>
: the presence of
<taxonomicName id="0EE118870400FF83FE54FE11746F11C1" authorityName="Duben &amp; Koren, in Duben" authorityYear="1844" box="[496,637,476,502]" class="Asteroidea" family="Luidiidae" genus="Luidia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Paxillosida" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="sarsii">
<emphasis id="FB95BF160400FF83FE54FE11746F11C1" box="[496,637,476,502]" italics="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">Luidia sarsii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in the
<collectingRegion id="0B25ADE60400FF83FD62FE10750711C0" box="[710,789,477,503]" country="Portugal" name="Acores" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">Azores</collectingRegion>
is based solely on three historical records.
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF50400FF83FB55FE11738E11C0" author="Koehler" box="[1265,1436,476,503]" firstAuthor="Koehler" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" pagination="1 - 317" refId="ref185837" refString="Koehler, R. (1909) Echinodermes provenant des campagnes du yacht Princesse-Alice (Asteries, Ophiures, Echinides et Crinoides). Resultats des campagnes scientifiques accomplies sur son yacht par Albert Ier Prince Souverain de Monaco, 34, 1 - 317." type="journal article" year="1909">Koehler (1909)</bibRefCitation>
identified a small damaged specimen (R =
<quantity id="0E19CEE10400FF83FDCAFDCD74AF122C" box="[622,701,512,539]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" unit="mm" value="50.0">50 mm</quantity>
) among the material retrieved by a bottom trawl at Princesse Alice Seabank (sta 899:
<geoCoordinate id="ACD505C30400FF83FEC2FDE977E01208" box="[358,498,548,575]" degrees="37" direction="north" minutes="57" orientation="latitude" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" precision="15" seconds="00" value="37.95">37°57’00”N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="ACD505C30400FF83FE5AFDE9749F1208" box="[510,653,548,575]" degrees="29" direction="west" minutes="14" orientation="longitude" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" precision="15" seconds="45" value="-29.245834">29°14’45”W</geoCoordinate>
,
<quantity id="0E19CEE10400FF83FD3DFDE874F61208" box="[665,740,549,575]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" unit="m" value="200.0">200 m</quantity>
). Interestingly, the second known record is from
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF50400FF83FAAFFDE9738E1208" author="Grieg" box="[1291,1436,548,575]" firstAuthor="Grieg" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" pagination="1 - 47" refId="ref183024" refString="Grieg, J. A. (1932) Echinodermata. Report of the scientific results of the Michael Sars North Atlantic deep sea expedition 1910, 3 (2), 1 - 47." type="journal article" year="1932">Grieg (1932)</bibRefCitation>
who identified a juvenile (with adhering remnants from the larval stage; R = 4.5 mm) in a pelagic haul at a depth of just
<quantity id="0E19CEE10400FF83FF63FDA0771D12B0" box="[199,271,621,647]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" unit="m" value="100.0">100 m</quantity>
,
<quantity id="0E19CEE10400FF83FEBFFDA0776512B0" box="[283,375,621,647]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.139" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" unit="m" value="3.139">3,139 m</quantity>
above the reported bottom depth. This animal may well represent a late stage in what has been designated in the literature as ‘giant larvae’.
<taxonomicName id="0EE118870400FF83FD3DFD5D7538129D" authorityName="Duben &amp; Koren, in Duben" authorityYear="1844" box="[665,810,656,682]" class="Asteroidea" family="Luidiidae" genus="Luidia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Paxillosida" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="sarsii">
<emphasis id="FB95BF160400FF83FD3DFD5D7538129D" box="[665,810,656,682]" italics="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">Luidia sarsii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is characterized by an abnormal large bipinnaria larva capable of maintaining planktotrophic activity in the water column long after the development of the post-larval sea star rudiment (see
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF50400FF83FEC2FD15740912C4" author="Domanski" box="[358,539,728,755]" firstAuthor="Domanski" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" pagination="189 - 195" refId="ref179103" refString="Domanski, P. A. (1984) Giant larvae: prolonged planktonic larval phase in the asteroid Luidia sarsi. Marine Biology, 80, 189 - 195. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / BF 02180186" type="journal article" year="1984">Domanski 1984</bibRefCitation>
).
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF50400FF83FD8AFD1474FF12C4" author="Tortonese" box="[558,749,728,755]" firstAuthor="Tortonese" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" refId="ref202694" refString="Tortonese, E. (1965) Fauna D'Italia-Echinodermata. Edizioni Calderini, Bologna, 422 pp." type="book" year="1965">Tortonese (1965)</bibRefCitation>
is responsible for the most recent record of this species in the
<collectingRegion id="0B25ADE60400FF83FF33FD3076FB1320" box="[151,233,765,791]" country="Portugal" name="Acores" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">Azores</collectingRegion>
, though he listed material from the archipelago without giving further details on the source of the material. Regardless, the scarcity of documented records could be a result of the apparent bathymetrical distribution of this species in the archipelago, which coincides with the least studied depth range in the area (&gt;50 and &lt;
<quantity id="0E19CEE10400FF83FB53FC8873501368" box="[1271,1346,837,863]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" unit="m" value="200.0">200 m</quantity>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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