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<mods:namePart id="8AB894D92A8C25F6D0991B07A1843B77">De, António M.</mods:namePart>
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<emphasis id="FB95BF16040FFF8CFF33FF5577521084" bold="true" box="[151,320,152,179]" italics="true" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">Cidaris cidaris</emphasis>
(
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)
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(
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)
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Reports for the 
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:
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<emphasis id="FB95BF16040FFF8CFF33FED277661100" box="[151,372,287,311]" italics="true" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">Dorocidaris papillata</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF5040FFF8CFE25FED277EF1100" author="Leske" box="[385,509,287,312]" firstAuthor="Leske" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" refId="ref187144" refString="Leske, N. G. (1778) Jacobi Theodori Klein naturalis dispositio echinodermatum et lucubratiunculam de aculeis echinorum marinorum. Ex Officlna Gleditschiana, Leipzig, xx + 214 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 11571" type="book" year="1778">Leske, 1778</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
— 
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<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF5040FFF8CFD83FED274E01100" author="Koehler" box="[551,754,287,312]" firstAuthor="Koehler" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" pagination="223 - 227" refId="ref185329" refString="Koehler, R. (1895 a) Note preliminaire sur les echinides recueillis pendant les campagnes de l'Hirondelle. Bulletin de la Societe Zoologique de France, 20, 223 - 227." type="journal article" year="1895" yearSuffix="a">Koehler 1895a: 224</bibRefCitation>
, 
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, 
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF5040FFF8CFCF2FED275E2110F" author="Koehler" box="[854,1008,287,312]" firstAuthor="Koehler" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" pagination="1 - 317" refId="ref185837" refString="Koehler, R. (1909) Echinodermes provenant des campagnes du yacht Princesse-Alice (Asteries, Ophiures, Echinides et Crinoides). Resultats des campagnes scientifiques accomplies sur son yacht par Albert Ier Prince Souverain de Monaco, 34, 1 - 317." type="journal article" year="1909">1909: 214–215</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF5040FFF8CFC5FFED272471100" author="Koehler" box="[1019,1109,287,311]" firstAuthor="Koehler" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" pagination="1 - 8" refId="ref185986" refString="Koehler, R. (1921 a) Echinodermes (Asteries, Ophiures, Echinides et Crinoides) des dernieres campagnes de la Princesse-Alice et de l' Hirondelle II. Bulletin de l'Institut Oceanographique de Monaco, 396, 1 - 8." type="journal article" year="1921" yearSuffix="a">1921a: 3</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF5040FFF8CFBC4FED27352110F" author="Nobre" box="[1120,1344,287,312]" firstAuthor="Nobre" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" refId="ref194119" refString="Nobre, A. (1938) Equinodermes de Portugal. 3 rd Edition. Companhia Editora do Minho, Barcelos, 215 pp." type="book" year="1938">Nobre 1938: 104–105</bibRefCitation>
, figs. 45, 55;
</paragraph>
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<taxonomicName id="0EE11887040FFF8CFF33FE9077F41142" ID-CoL="5YTVG" authority="cidaris (Linnaeus, 1758)" authorityName="cidaris (Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[151,486,348,373]" class="Echinoidea" family="Cidaridae" genus="Cidaris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cidaroida" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="cidaris">
<emphasis id="FB95BF16040FFF8CFF33FE9077201142" box="[151,306,349,373]" italics="true" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">Cidaris cidaris</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF5040FFF8CFEE5FE9177CC1142" author="Linnaeus" box="[321,478,348,373]" firstAuthor="Linnaeus" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" refId="ref187346" refString="Linnaeus, C. (1758) Systema Naturae. 1. 10 th Edition. Impensis Direct. Laurentii Salvii, Holmiae, 824 pp." type="book" year="1758">Linnaeus, 1758</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
— 
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF5040FFF8CFDA4FE9175321142" author="Mortensen" box="[512,800,348,373]" firstAuthor="Mortensen" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" refId="ref192564" refString="Mortensen, T. (1927 a) Handbook of the echinoderms of the British Isles. Oxford University Press, viii + 471 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 6841" type="book" year="1927" yearSuffix="a">Mortensen 1927a: 272–273</bibRefCitation>
, figs. 149, 150–152, 1928: 289–298, pl. 30, figs. 3–4, pl. 31, figs. 1–10, pl. 67, fig. 5, pl. 72, figs. 20–22; 
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<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF5040FFF8CFD35FEB6754611A3" author="Cadenat" box="[657,852,379,404]" firstAuthor="Cadenat" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" pagination="349 - 375" refId="ref175179" refString="Cadenat, J. (1938) Liste des echinodermes recueillis pendant la cinquieme croisiere du navire de recherches President-Theodore- Tissier. Revue des Travaux de l'Institut des Peches Maritimes, 11, 349 - 375." type="journal article" year="1938">Cadenat 1938: 363</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF5040FFF8CFCFBFEB1721E11A3" author="Harvey" box="[863,1036,379,404]" firstAuthor="Harvey" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" refId="ref183538" refString="Harvey, E. B. (1956) The American Arbacia and other sea urchins. Princeton University Press. Princeton, viii + 298. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 7234" type="book" year="1956">Harvey 1956: 63</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF5040FFF8CFBB3FEB172CD11A4" author="Marques" box="[1047,1247,379,403]" firstAuthor="Marques" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" pagination="95 - 107" refId="ref189654" refString="Marques, V. M. (1980) Echinodermes recueillis pedant la mission &quot; Hesperides 76 &quot; du N / O Jean Charcot. Arquivo do Museu Bocage, 2 ª Serie, 7 (7), 95 - 107." type="journal article" year="1980">Marques 1980: 104</bibRefCitation>
; 
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<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF5040FFF8CFB55FEB6738A11A3" author="Peres" box="[1265,1432,379,404]" firstAuthor="Peres" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" pagination="237 - 264" refId="ref195889" refString="Peres, J. M. (1992) Le bathyscaphe francais Archimede aux Acores: etude bionomique et ecologique du benthos profond. Acoreana, Suplemento, 237 - 264." type="book chapter" year="1992">Pérès 1992: 253</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF5040FFF8CFF63FE5477CC1185" author="Garcia-Diez" box="[199,478,409,434]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Garcia-Diez" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" pagination="35 - 59" refId="ref181624" refString="Garcia-Diez, C., Porteiro, F. M., Meirinho, A., Cardigos, F. &amp; Tempera, F. (2005) Taxonomic review of selected invertebrate groups collected during the Campaigns of the Prince Albert I of Monaco in the Azorean waters. Arquipelago. Life and Marine Sciences, 22 A, 35 - 59." type="journal article" year="2005">
García-Diez 
<emphasis id="FB95BF16040FFF8CFEEDFE56776F1185" box="[329,381,410,434]" italics="true" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">et al.</emphasis>
2005: 50
</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF5040FFF8CFE4DFE5474D81185" author="Mironov" box="[489,714,409,434]" firstAuthor="Mironov" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" pagination="96 - 133" refId="ref191675" refString="Mironov, A. N. (2006) Echinoids from seamounts of the north-eastern Atlantic, onshore / offshore gradients in species distribution. In: Mironov, A. N., Gebruk, A. V. &amp; Southward, A. J. (Eds.), Biogeography of the North Atlantic Seamounts. KMK Scientific Press, Russian Academy of Sciences, P. P. Shirshov Institute of Oceanology, Moscow, pp. 96 - 133." type="book chapter" year="2006">Mironov 2006: 98–99</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF5040FFF8CFD71FE5475911185" author="Schultz" box="[725,899,409,434]" firstAuthor="Schultz" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" refId="ref199860" refString="Schultz, H. (2006) Sea Urchins - a guide to worldwide shallow-water species. 3 rd Edition. Heinke &amp; Peter Schultz Partner Scientific Publications, 484 pp." type="book" year="2006">Schultz 2006: 32</bibRefCitation>
, fig. 53–55;
</paragraph>
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<emphasis id="FB95BF16040FFF8CFF33FE2D76DB11CC" bold="true" box="[151,201,480,507]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">See:</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF5040FFF8CFF74FE2C778E11CC" author="Mortensen" box="[208,412,481,507]" firstAuthor="Mortensen" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" refId="ref192643" refString="Mortensen, T. (1928) A Monograph of the Echinoidea. I. Cidaroidea. C. A. Reitzel &amp; Oxford University Press, Copenhagen &amp; London, 551 pp." type="book" year="1928">Mortensen (1928)</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF5040FFF8CFE0CFE2D744D11CC" author="Mironov" box="[424,607,480,507]" firstAuthor="Mironov" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" pagination="96 - 133" refId="ref191675" refString="Mironov, A. N. (2006) Echinoids from seamounts of the north-eastern Atlantic, onshore / offshore gradients in species distribution. In: Mironov, A. N., Gebruk, A. V. &amp; Southward, A. J. (Eds.), Biogeography of the North Atlantic Seamounts. KMK Scientific Press, Russian Academy of Sciences, P. P. Shirshov Institute of Oceanology, Moscow, pp. 96 - 133." type="book chapter" year="2006">Mironov (2006)</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF5040FFF8CFDCFFE2D750611CC" author="Schultz" box="[619,788,480,507]" firstAuthor="Schultz" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" refId="ref199860" refString="Schultz, H. (2006) Sea Urchins - a guide to worldwide shallow-water species. 3 rd Edition. Heinke &amp; Peter Schultz Partner Scientific Publications, 484 pp." type="book" year="2006">Schultz (2006)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="81FB308F040FFF8CFF63FDC977DD132C" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="C95E6304040FFF8CFF63FDC973431250" blockId="95.[151,1437,480,2019]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">
<emphasis id="FB95BF16040FFF8CFF63FDC9774E1228" bold="true" box="[199,348,516,543]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">Occurrence:</emphasis>
East Atlantic and the Mediterranean Sea, from south of 
<collectingCountry id="B1F62394040FFF8CFC79FDC9723D1229" box="[989,1071,516,542]" name="Iceland" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">Iceland</collectingCountry>
and 
<collectingCountry id="B1F62394040FFF8CFBCCFDC872D01228" box="[1128,1218,517,543]" name="Norway" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">Norway</collectingCountry>
south to equatorial West Africa including the Azores, Madeira, Canaries and 
<collectingCountry id="B1F62394040FFF8CFCBAFDE475B21275" box="[798,928,552,579]" name="Cape Verde" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">Cape Verde</collectingCountry>
and 
<collectingCountry id="B1F62394040FFF8CFC73FDE4727E1275" box="[983,1132,552,579]" name="Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">Santa Helena</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF5040FFF8CFBDFFDE5730B1274" author="Koehler" box="[1147,1305,552,579]" firstAuthor="Koehler" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" pagination="1 - 317" refId="ref185837" refString="Koehler, R. (1909) Echinodermes provenant des campagnes du yacht Princesse-Alice (Asteries, Ophiures, Echinides et Crinoides). Resultats des campagnes scientifiques accomplies sur son yacht par Albert Ier Prince Souverain de Monaco, 34, 1 - 317." type="journal article" year="1909">Koehler 1909</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF5040FFF8CFA80FDE476C01250" author="Mortensen" firstAuthor="Mortensen" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" pagination="1 - 198" refId="ref192244" refString="Mortensen, T. (1903) Echinoidea (Part 1). In: The Danish Ingolf-Expedition 1895 - 1896. 4 (1). Bianco Luno, Copenhagen, 4 (1), pp. 1 - 198." type="journal article" year="1903">Mortensen 1903</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF5040FFF8CFF79FD80770A1250" author="Mortensen" box="[221,280,589,615]" firstAuthor="Mortensen" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" refId="ref192643" refString="Mortensen, T. (1928) A Monograph of the Echinoidea. I. Cidaroidea. C. A. Reitzel &amp; Oxford University Press, Copenhagen &amp; London, 551 pp." type="book" year="1928">1928</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF5040FFF8CFE87FD8077781250" author="Mortensen" box="[291,362,589,615]" firstAuthor="Mortensen" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" pagination="401 - 473" refId="ref192746" refString="Mortensen, T. (1933 c) The echinoderms of St. Helena (Other than crinoids). Papers from Dr. Th. Mortensen's Pacific Expedition 1914 - 16. Videnskabelige Meddelelser fra Dansk naturhistorisk Forening, 93, 401 - 473." type="journal article" year="1933" yearSuffix="c">1933c</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF5040FFF8CFED2FD81740E1250" author="Mironov" box="[374,540,588,615]" firstAuthor="Mironov" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" pagination="96 - 133" refId="ref191675" refString="Mironov, A. N. (2006) Echinoids from seamounts of the north-eastern Atlantic, onshore / offshore gradients in species distribution. In: Mironov, A. N., Gebruk, A. V. &amp; Southward, A. J. (Eds.), Biogeography of the North Atlantic Seamounts. KMK Scientific Press, Russian Academy of Sciences, P. P. Shirshov Institute of Oceanology, Moscow, pp. 96 - 133." type="book chapter" year="2006">Mironov 2006</bibRefCitation>
); also in Gorringe, Josephine and the Meteor seamounts (
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF5040FFF8CFB39FD8173571250" author="Mironov" box="[1181,1349,588,615]" firstAuthor="Mironov" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" pagination="96 - 133" refId="ref191675" refString="Mironov, A. N. (2006) Echinoids from seamounts of the north-eastern Atlantic, onshore / offshore gradients in species distribution. In: Mironov, A. N., Gebruk, A. V. &amp; Southward, A. J. (Eds.), Biogeography of the North Atlantic Seamounts. KMK Scientific Press, Russian Academy of Sciences, P. P. Shirshov Institute of Oceanology, Moscow, pp. 96 - 133." type="book chapter" year="2006">Mironov 2006</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C95E6304040FFF8CFF63FDBC76FC1298" blockId="95.[151,1437,480,2019]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">
<emphasis id="FB95BF16040FFF8CFF63FDBC770812BC" bold="true" box="[199,282,625,651]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">Depth:</emphasis>
20–2,010 (?4,275) m (
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF5040FFF8CFD8DFDBD74C112BD" author="Mironov" box="[553,723,624,650]" firstAuthor="Mironov" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" pagination="96 - 133" refId="ref191675" refString="Mironov, A. N. (2006) Echinoids from seamounts of the north-eastern Atlantic, onshore / offshore gradients in species distribution. In: Mironov, A. N., Gebruk, A. V. &amp; Southward, A. J. (Eds.), Biogeography of the North Atlantic Seamounts. KMK Scientific Press, Russian Academy of Sciences, P. P. Shirshov Institute of Oceanology, Moscow, pp. 96 - 133." type="book chapter" year="2006">Mironov 2006</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF5040FFF8CFD46FDBD75F912BC" author="Koukouras" box="[738,1003,624,651]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Koukouras" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" pagination="67 - 92" refId="ref186346" refString="Koukouras, A., Sinis, A. I., Bobori, D., Kazantzidis, S. &amp; Kitsos, M. - S. (2007) The echinoderm (Deuterostomia) fauna of the Aegean Sea, and comparison with those of the neighbouring seas. Journal of Biological Research, 7, 67 - 92." type="journal article" year="2007">
Koukouras 
<emphasis id="FB95BF16040FFF8CFCC3FDBC758E12BD" box="[871,924,624,650]" italics="true" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">et al</emphasis>
. 2007
</bibRefCitation>
); AZO: 165– 
<quantity id="0E19CEE1040FFF8CFB20FDBD72F612BC" box="[1156,1252,624,651]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.385" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" unit="m" value="1.385">1,385 m</quantity>
(
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF5040FFF8CFB52FDBD738A12BC" author="Koehler" box="[1270,1432,624,651]" firstAuthor="Koehler" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" pagination="1 - 317" refId="ref185837" refString="Koehler, R. (1909) Echinodermes provenant des campagnes du yacht Princesse-Alice (Asteries, Ophiures, Echinides et Crinoides). Resultats des campagnes scientifiques accomplies sur son yacht par Albert Ier Prince Souverain de Monaco, 34, 1 - 317." type="journal article" year="1909">Koehler 1909</bibRefCitation>
, herein).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C95E6304040FFF8CFF63FD7577DD132C" blockId="95.[151,1437,480,2019]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">
<emphasis id="FB95BF16040FFF8CFF63FD75773E12E4" bold="true" box="[199,300,696,723]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">Habitat:</emphasis>
mud, fine sand, gravel to hard substrates (
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF5040FFF8CFD5BFD75758E12E4" author="Koehler" box="[767,924,696,723]" firstAuthor="Koehler" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" pagination="1 - 78" refId="ref185623" refString="Koehler, R. (1898) Echinides et Ophiures provenant des campagnes du yacht Hirondelle (Golfe de Gascogne, Acores, Terre- Neuve). Resultats des campagnes scientifiques accomplies sur son yacht par Albert Ier Prince Souverain de Monaco, 12, 1 - 78." type="journal article" year="1898">Koehler 1898</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF5040FFF8CFC02FD7475F012E4" author="Koehler" box="[934,994,697,723]" firstAuthor="Koehler" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" pagination="1 - 317" refId="ref185837" refString="Koehler, R. (1909) Echinodermes provenant des campagnes du yacht Princesse-Alice (Asteries, Ophiures, Echinides et Crinoides). Resultats des campagnes scientifiques accomplies sur son yacht par Albert Ier Prince Souverain de Monaco, 34, 1 - 317." type="journal article" year="1909">1909</bibRefCitation>
); an opportunistic scavenger; feeds also on deep-sea reef building corals such as 
<taxonomicName id="0EE11887040FFF8CFDF2FD1175C312C0" authority="(Linnaeus 1758)" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[598,977,732,759]" class="Anthozoa" family="Caryophylliidae" genus="Lophelia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scleractinia" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="pertusa">
<emphasis id="FB95BF16040FFF8CFDF2FD11750612C1" box="[598,788,732,758]" italics="true" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">Lophelia pertusa</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF5040FFF8CFC86FD1175DB12C0" author="Linnaeus" box="[802,969,732,759]" firstAuthor="Linnaeus" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" refId="ref187346" refString="Linnaeus, C. (1758) Systema Naturae. 1. 10 th Edition. Impensis Direct. Laurentii Salvii, Holmiae, 824 pp." type="book" year="1758">Linnaeus 1758</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="0EE11887040FFF8CFBA2FD11738E12C0" authority="(Linnaeus 1758)" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[1030,1436,732,759]" class="Anthozoa" family="Oculinidae" genus="Madrepora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scleractinia" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="oculata">
<emphasis id="FB95BF16040FFF8CFBA2FD1172CD12C1" box="[1030,1247,732,758]" italics="true" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">Madrepora oculata</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF5040FFF8CFB48FD11738612C0" author="Linnaeus" box="[1260,1428,732,759]" firstAuthor="Linnaeus" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" refId="ref187346" refString="Linnaeus, C. (1758) Systema Naturae. 1. 10 th Edition. Impensis Direct. Laurentii Salvii, Holmiae, 824 pp." type="book" year="1758">Linnaeus 1758</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF5040FFF8CFF3BFCCC77D1132C" author="Stevenson &amp; Rocha" box="[159,451,768,795]" firstAuthor="Stevenson" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" pagination="73 - 78" refId="ref201122" refString="Stevenson, A. &amp; Rocha, C. (2012) Evidence for the bioerosion of deep-water corals by echinoids in the Northeast Atlantic. Deep-Sea Research I, Oceanographic Research Papers, 71, 73 - 78. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. dsr. 2012.09.005" type="journal article" year="2012">
Stevenson &amp; 
<collectingRegion id="0B25ADE6040FFF8CFE93FCCD776D132D" box="[311,383,768,794]" country="Uruguay" name="Rocha" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">Rocha</collectingRegion>
2012
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="81FB308F040FFF8CFF63FCE874A01308" box="[199,690,804,831]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" type="description">
<paragraph id="C95E6304040FFF8CFF63FCE874A01308" blockId="95.[151,1437,480,2019]" box="[199,690,804,831]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">
<emphasis id="FB95BF16040FFF8CFF63FCE877771308" bold="true" box="[199,357,805,831]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">Larval stage:</emphasis>
planktotrophic (
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF5040FFF8CFDBAFCE974B41308" author="Emlet" box="[542,678,804,831]" firstAuthor="Emlet" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" pagination="476 - 489" refId="ref179967" refString="Emlet, R. B. (1995) Developmental mode and species geographic range in regular sea urchins (Echinodermata: Echinoidea). Evolution, 49 (3), 476 - 489. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1558 - 5646.1995. tb 02280. x" type="journal article" year="1995">Emlet 1995</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="81FB308F040FFF8CFF63FC85744E1420" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="C95E6304040FFF8CFF63FC85744E1420" blockId="95.[151,1437,480,2019]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">
<emphasis id="FB95BF16040FFF8CFF63FC8577A11354" bold="true" box="[199,435,840,867]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">Material examined:</emphasis>
DOP–2976 (Banco Cavala, 
<collectionCode id="AFF0FBC1040FFF8CFD57FC84753D1354" box="[755,815,841,867]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">AZO</collectionCode>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="ACD505C3040FFF8CFC9FFC8575D51355" box="[827,967,840,866]" degrees="38" direction="north" minutes="16" orientation="latitude" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" precision="15" seconds="12" value="38.27">38°16’12”N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="ACD505C3040FFF8CFC77FC8472701354" box="[979,1122,841,867]" degrees="30" direction="west" minutes="39" orientation="longitude" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" precision="15" seconds="00" value="-30.65">30°39’00”W</geoCoordinate>
, 
<date id="BD5F45C4040FFF8CFBCAFC8472FD1354" box="[1134,1263,841,867]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" value="2008-07-08">2008.07.08</date>
, 
<quantity id="0E19CEE1040FFF8CFB5FFC8473571354" box="[1275,1349,841,867]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.2299999999999995" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" unit="m" value="723.0">723 m</quantity>
; 1 spm, D = 
<quantity id="0E19CEE1040FFF8CFF74FCA0773513B0" box="[208,295,877,903]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" unit="mm" value="20.0">20 mm</quantity>
); DOP–2977 (Banco Cavala, 
<collectionCode id="AFF0FBC1040FFF8CFDDBFCA074A913B0" box="[639,699,877,903]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">AZO</collectionCode>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="ACD505C3040FFF8CFD6EFCA1754413B1" box="[714,854,876,902]" degrees="38" direction="north" minutes="16" orientation="latitude" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" precision="15" seconds="12" value="38.27">38°16’12”N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="ACD505C3040FFF8CFCC1FCA075E613B0" box="[869,1012,877,903]" degrees="30" direction="west" minutes="39" orientation="longitude" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" precision="15" seconds="00" value="-30.65">30°39’00”W</geoCoordinate>
, 
<date id="BD5F45C4040FFF8CFBA7FCA0729613B0" box="[1027,1156,877,903]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" value="2008-07-08">2008.07.08</date>
, 
<quantity id="0E19CEE1040FFF8CFB36FCA072F213B0" box="[1170,1248,877,903]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.2299999999999995" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" unit="m" value="723.0">723 m</quantity>
; 1 spm, D = 
<quantity id="0E19CEE1040FFF8CFA24FCA076D5139C" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" unit="mm" value="12.0">12 mm</quantity>
); DOP–4335 (Banco Princesa Alice, off 
<collectionCode id="AFF0FBC1040FFF8CFD2DFC5C74A0139C" box="[649,690,913,939]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">SW</collectionCode>
PIX, 
<collectionCode id="AFF0FBC1040FFF8CFD56FC5C753C139C" box="[754,814,913,939]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">AZO</collectionCode>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="ACD505C3040FFF8CFC9DFC5C75F5139C" box="[825,999,913,939]" degrees="38" direction="north" minutes="00" orientation="latitude" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" precision="1" seconds="10.80" value="38.003">38°00’10.80”N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="ACD505C3040FFF8CFC56FC5C72B6139C" box="[1010,1188,913,939]" degrees="29" direction="west" minutes="19" orientation="longitude" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" precision="1" seconds="04.80" value="-29.318">29°19’04.80”W</geoCoordinate>
, 
<date id="BD5F45C4040FFF8CFB0BFC5C733D139C" box="[1199,1327,913,939]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" value="2010-09-03">2010.09.03</date>
, 
<quantity id="0E19CEE1040FFF8CFA9EFC5D76A213F8" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.92" metricValueMax="2.19" metricValueMin="1.65" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" unit="m" value="192.0" valueMax="219.0" valueMin="165.0">165–219 m</quantity>
; 1 spm, D = 
<quantity id="0E19CEE1040FFF8CFEEEFC78778D13F8" box="[330,415,949,975]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" unit="mm" value="10.0">10 mm</quantity>
); DOP–7933 (Banco Princesa Alice, off 
<collectionCode id="AFF0FBC1040FFF8CFCD5FC78758813F8" box="[881,922,949,975]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">SW</collectionCode>
PIX, 
<collectionCode id="AFF0FBC1040FFF8CFC44FC78720E13F8" box="[992,1052,949,975]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">AZO</collectionCode>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="ACD505C3040FFF8CFB8DFC7972CA13F8" box="[1065,1240,948,975]" degrees="37" direction="north" minutes="58" orientation="latitude" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" precision="1" seconds="51.60" value="37.981">37°58’51.60”N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="ACD505C3040FFF8CFB41FC78738A13F8" box="[1253,1432,949,975]" degrees="29" direction="west" minutes="31" orientation="longitude" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" precision="1" seconds="22.80" value="-29.522999">29°31’22.80”W</geoCoordinate>
, 2011.28.05, 
<quantity id="0E19CEE1040FFF8CFE80FC14776213C4" box="[292,368,985,1011]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.84" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" unit="m" value="384.0">384 m</quantity>
; 1 spm, D = 
<quantity id="0E19CEE1040FFF8CFDACFC15745C13C4" box="[520,590,984,1011]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" unit="mm" value="5.0">5 mm</quantity>
); EMEPC-LUSO L09D18B2 (N of SJG, 
<collectionCode id="AFF0FBC1040FFF8CFB82FC14727013C4" box="[1062,1122,985,1011]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">AZO</collectionCode>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="ACD505C3040FFF8CFBCBFC1472E913C4" box="[1135,1275,985,1011]" degrees="38" direction="north" minutes="42" orientation="latitude" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" precision="15" seconds="14" value="38.703888">38°42’14”N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="ACD505C3040FFF8CFAACFC15738513C4" box="[1288,1431,984,1011]" degrees="28" direction="west" minutes="01" orientation="longitude" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" precision="15" seconds="25" value="-28.023611">28°01’25”W</geoCoordinate>
, 
<date id="BD5F45C4040FFF8CFF33FC30770A1420" box="[151,280,1021,1047]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" value="2009-10-02">2009.10.02</date>
, 
<quantity id="0E19CEE1040FFF8CFE87FC31777F1420" box="[291,365,1020,1047]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.69" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" unit="m" value="869.0">869 m</quantity>
; 1 spm, D = 
<quantity id="0E19CEE1040FFF8CFE58FC31745D1420" box="[508,591,1020,1047]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.2" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" unit="mm" value="52.0">52 mm</quantity>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="81FB308F040FFF8CFF63FBED74ED16F5" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" type="description">
<paragraph id="C95E6304040FFF8CFF63FBED74ED16F5" blockId="95.[151,1437,480,2019]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">
<emphasis id="FB95BF16040FFF8CFF63FBED7749140C" bold="true" box="[199,347,1056,1083]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">Description:</emphasis>
test circular, flattened to almost spherical (test height between 55–70%D). Ambulacra distinctly sinuate, about 20% of the interambulacra in width. Marginal series of tubercles regular. The largest specimen (EMEPC-LUSO L09D18B2; D = 
<quantity id="0E19CEE1040FFF8CFDB2FBA5747714B4" box="[534,613,1128,1155]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.2" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" unit="mm" value="52.0">52 mm</quantity>
) presented a regular double series of inner tubercles with a distinct naked median line, becoming a single series just near the apical disc. Pore zones sunken; pores of equal size, each pair separated by a narrow wall. Primary tubercles perforated, not crenulate; areoles are rather large and deep, not confluent; subambital areoles distinctly transverse-oval; mamelon rather large, with the boss rather low. Scrobicular tubercles not very conspicuous. Interradial and adradial zones distinct and naked, both conspicuously sunken. Apical disc covered with small tubercles of uniform size in larger individuals (D Ξ 
<quantity id="0E19CEE1040FFF8CFBB3FAD072781500" box="[1047,1130,1309,1335]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" unit="mm" value="20.0">20 mm</quantity>
), leaving a fairly conspicu- ous bare edge between the plates. Apical disc large, dicyclic; genital pores closed in the smaller specimens (D ± 
<quantity id="0E19CEE1040FFF8CFA25FA8C76D51548" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" unit="mm" value="11.0">11 mm</quantity>
); Periproct quite flat, covered by moderate number of plates. Peristome smaller than the apical disc, circular to sub-pentagonal. Primary spines rather long, about 2–2.5 times the diameter of the test, cylindrical, thick at the base, tapering very gently, and covered with a fine, spongy coat of anastomosing hairs; oral primaries spines relatively short and flattened with finely serrate edges; scrobicular spines flattened, tapering to a rounded point; marginal ambulacral spines slender, pointed, slightly flattened in the basal part and about half the length of the scrobicular spines. Both large and small globiferous pedicellariae usually present in fair numbers; globiferous pedicellaria with a distinct terminal teeth; large tridentate pedicellaria present on both oral and apical sides. Colour (in ethanol): generally of a uniform light brown to white; spines white or cream; occasionally some of the primary spines are pinkish to dark brown red colour (
<emphasis id="FB95BF16040FFF8CFE6DF94877EA16A9" box="[457,504,1669,1694]" italics="true" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">e.g.,</emphasis>
DOP 2976); some of the larger spines of the largest individuals (EMEPC-LUSO L09D18B2) are encrusted with serpulids and cirripeds.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="81FB308F040FFFB3FF63F90072FA10E0" lastPageId="96" lastPageNumber="97" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="C95E6304040FFF8CFF63F90074E51765" blockId="95.[151,1437,480,2019]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">
<emphasis id="FB95BF16040FFF8CFF63F900772F16D0" bold="true" box="[199,317,1741,1767]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">Remarks:</emphasis>
among the five cidaroids reported from the 
<collectingRegion id="0B25ADE6040FFF8CFC8DF900756916D0" box="[809,891,1741,1767]" country="Portugal" name="Acores" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">Azores</collectingRegion>
, 
<taxonomicName id="0EE11887040FFF8CFC22F901723D16D1" authority="cidaris" authorityName="cidaris (Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[902,1071,1740,1766]" class="Echinoidea" family="Cidaridae" genus="Cidaris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cidaroida" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="cidaris">
<emphasis id="FB95BF16040FFF8CFC22F901723D16D1" box="[902,1071,1740,1766]" italics="true" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">Cidaris cidaris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is the only species known to occur with certainty in the extant waters of the archipelago. Though highly variable this species is easily distinguished from the remaining species by the presence of a coat of hairs covering the primary spines and by the presence of enlarged terminal teeth in the globiferous pedicellaria.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C95E6304040FFFB3FF63F89172FA10E0" blockId="95.[151,1437,480,2019]" lastBlockId="96.[151,1436,153,215]" lastPageId="96" lastPageNumber="97" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">
Historically, abundant material from the 
<collectingRegion id="0B25ADE6040FFF8CFD30F89074F11740" box="[660,739,1885,1911]" country="Portugal" name="Acores" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">Azores</collectingRegion>
identified as 
<taxonomicName id="0EE11887040FFF8CFCDAF89075FC1741" authorityName="cidaris (Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[894,1006,1884,1911]" class="Echinoidea" family="Cidaridae" genus="Cidaris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cidaroida" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="cidaris">
<emphasis id="FB95BF16040FFF8CFCDAF89075831740" box="[894,913,1885,1911]" italics="true" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">C</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="FB95BF16040FFF8CFC04F89175FC1741" box="[928,1006,1884,1910]" italics="true" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">cidaris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(as 
<taxonomicName id="0EE11887040FFF8CFB84F89173071741" baseAuthorityName="Leske" baseAuthorityYear="1778" box="[1056,1301,1884,1910]" class="Echinoidea" family="Cidaridae" genus="Dorocidaris" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cidaroida" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="papillata">
<emphasis id="FB95BF16040FFF8CFB84F89173071741" box="[1056,1301,1884,1910]" italics="true" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">Dorocidaris papillata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) is listed in the cruises reports of 
<emphasis id="FB95BF16040FFF8CFE29F84C742917AD" box="[397,571,1920,1946]" italics="true" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">Princesse Alice</emphasis>
and 
<emphasis id="FB95BF16040FFF8CFDD0F84D74FE17AD" box="[628,748,1920,1946]" italics="true" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">Hirondelle</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF5040FFF8CFD58F84D758917AC" author="Koehler" box="[764,923,1920,1947]" firstAuthor="Koehler" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" pagination="1 - 78" refId="ref185623" refString="Koehler, R. (1898) Echinides et Ophiures provenant des campagnes du yacht Hirondelle (Golfe de Gascogne, Acores, Terre- Neuve). Resultats des campagnes scientifiques accomplies sur son yacht par Albert Ier Prince Souverain de Monaco, 12, 1 - 78." type="journal article" year="1898">Koehler 1898</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF5040FFF8CFC03F84C75F017AC" author="Koehler" box="[935,994,1921,1947]" firstAuthor="Koehler" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" pagination="1 - 317" refId="ref185837" refString="Koehler, R. (1909) Echinodermes provenant des campagnes du yacht Princesse-Alice (Asteries, Ophiures, Echinides et Crinoides). Resultats des campagnes scientifiques accomplies sur son yacht par Albert Ier Prince Souverain de Monaco, 34, 1 - 317." type="journal article" year="1909">1909</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF5040FFF8CFC4AF84C722417AC" author="Koehler" box="[1006,1078,1921,1947]" firstAuthor="Koehler" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" pagination="1 - 8" refId="ref185986" refString="Koehler, R. (1921 a) Echinodermes (Asteries, Ophiures, Echinides et Crinoides) des dernieres campagnes de la Princesse-Alice et de l' Hirondelle II. Bulletin de l'Institut Oceanographique de Monaco, 396, 1 - 8." type="journal article" year="1921" yearSuffix="a">1921a</bibRefCitation>
), from depths of 500 and 
<quantity id="0E19CEE1040FFF8CFAF9F84C76A21788" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" unit="m" value="1.2">1,200 m</quantity>
. 
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF5040FFF8CFF1EF86977751788" author="Cadenat" box="[186,359,1956,1983]" firstAuthor="Cadenat" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" pagination="349 - 375" refId="ref175179" refString="Cadenat, J. (1938) Liste des echinodermes recueillis pendant la cinquieme croisiere du navire de recherches President-Theodore- Tissier. Revue des Travaux de l'Institut des Peches Maritimes, 11, 349 - 375." type="journal article" year="1938">Cadenat (1938)</bibRefCitation>
in his report of the expedition of the 
<emphasis id="FB95BF16040FFF8CFCA1F86972261789" box="[773,1076,1956,1982]" italics="true" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">Président Théodore-Tissier</emphasis>
also recorded this species in the archipelago from a similar depth. This species appears to be quite common in the 
<collectingRegion id="0B25ADE6040FFF8CFB8AF804726F17D4" box="[1070,1149,1993,2019]" country="Portugal" name="Acores" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">Azores</collectingRegion>
at this depth range as the footage by ROV 
<emphasis id="FB95BF160430FFB3FEF0FF5477881084" box="[340,410,153,179]" italics="true" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">LUSO</emphasis>
(EMEPC, 2009 expedition) seems to exemplify. They show cidaroids most likely belonging to 
<taxonomicName id="0EE118870430FFB3FF10FF70773110E0" authorityName="cidaris (Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[180,291,189,215]" class="Echinoidea" family="Cidaridae" genus="Cidaris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cidaroida" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="cidaris">
<emphasis id="FB95BF160430FFB3FF10FF7076D510E0" box="[180,199,189,215]" italics="true" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">C</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="FB95BF160430FFB3FF71FF70773110E0" box="[213,291,189,215]" italics="true" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">cidaris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in practically any kind of environment from sediment to vertical walls (
<figureCitation id="51DA7F810430FFB3FBEEFF7072B410E0" box="[1098,1190,189,215]" captionStart="FIGURE 20" captionStartId="96.[151,250,1037,1062]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,237,1017]" captionTargetId="figure@96.[151,1436,237,1017]" captionTargetPageId="96" captionText="FIGURE 20. Cidaris cidaris (Linnaeus, 1758) (DOP 2976: A–C; EMEPC–LUSO L09D18B2: D). Aboral view (A); oral view (B); lateral view (C); animal in situ (38°42'14&quot;N, 28°01'25&quot;W, 2009.10.02, 869 m: D); cidaroids possible belonging to C. cidaris in situ in the Azores deep-waters (EMEPC–LUSO, 38°31'45&quot;N, 27°56'16&quot;W, 2009.10.04, 869 m, E; 38°14'07&quot;N, 26°33'27&quot;W, 2009.10.09, 815 m: F)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3342201/files/figure.png" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">Figs. 20</figureCitation>
D–F).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>