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<document id="4FBFD694BDC077BD9533266B99334C02" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3682.3.10" ID-GBIF-Dataset="22711c16-bf86-4c11-9b8f-8dff4dc165e8" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="218926" ID-ZooBank="826163B7-B882-4388-8CC6-028D2F090F35" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460643550711" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Zea, Sven, Valderrama, Diego &amp; Martínez, Ana María" docDate="2013" docId="392487FDFF84C448E1F0D939FEB4770F" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03682p500.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3682 (3)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Axinyssa ambrosia" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="497" masterDocId="C51DFF85FF84C44AE167DF71FFB17540" masterDocTitle="Axinyssa ambrosia and Axinyssa yumae (Porifera, Halichondrida): two valid sponge species from the Caribbean Sea" masterLastPageNumber="500" masterPageNumber="495" pageNumber="495" updateTime="1698336384395" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="0EC008421BC05D555CBE383A8E7C6E6B">Axinyssa ambrosia and Axinyssa yumae (Porifera, Halichondrida): two valid sponge species from the Caribbean Sea</mods:title>
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<treatment id="392487FDFF84C448E1F0D939FEB4770F" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3502533" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119571611" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3502533" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:392487FDFF84C448E1F0D939FEB4770F" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/392487FDFF84C448E1F0D939FEB4770F" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="497" pageId="0" pageNumber="495">
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<heading id="EA7A8187FF84C44AE1F0D939FDD07320" bold="true" box="[151,609,1608,1632]" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="0" pageNumber="495" reason="2">
<emphasis id="83F9EAF9FF84C44AE1F0D939FDD07320" bold="true" box="[151,609,1608,1632]" pageId="0" pageNumber="495">
<taxonomicName id="768D4D68FF84C44AE1F0D939FED67320" box="[151,359,1608,1632]" class="Demospongiae" family="Halichondriidae" genus="Axinyssa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halichondrida" pageId="0" pageNumber="495" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="ambrosia">
<emphasis id="83F9EAF9FF84C44AE1F0D939FED67320" bold="true" box="[151,359,1608,1632]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="495">Axinyssa ambrosia</emphasis>
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(de
<bibRefCitation id="D51C4B1AFF84C44AE0FFD939FDEB7320" author="Laubenfels" box="[408,602,1608,1632]" pageId="0" pageNumber="495" refString="Laubenfels, M. W. de (1936) A discussion of the sponge fauna of Dry Tortugas in particular, and the West Indies in general, with material for a revision of the families and orders of the Porifera. Carnegie Institute of Washington (Tortugas Laboratory Paper N ° 467), 30, 1 - 125 pp." type="journal article" year="1936">Laubenfels, 1936</bibRefCitation>
)
</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B13236EBFF84C44AE1F0D91AFE9C73C2" blockId="0.[151,609,1608,1666]" box="[151,301,1643,1666]" pageId="0" pageNumber="495">
<figureCitation id="29B62A6EFF84C44AE1F0D91AFF5173C2" box="[151,224,1643,1666]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="1.[151,255,1953,1977]" captionTargetBox="[159,1432,822,1928]" captionTargetId="figure@1.[151,1436,818,1929]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURE 1. Axinyssa ambrosia. Photomicrographs of spicules (A) and of cross-section of the skeleton at the surface (C). Underwater close-up of the surface (B)" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/218927/files/figure.png" pageId="0" pageNumber="495">Figs. 1</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="29B62A6EFF84C44AE18AD91AFF4973C2" box="[237,248,1643,1666]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,255,1666,1690]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,192,1636]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,192,1638]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Underwater photographs of Axinyssa ambrosia (A, B, C) and Axinyssa yumae (D, E, F) at Santa Marta, Colombia. Each square in the white grid in (B) is 1 cm on a side." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/218929/files/figure.png" pageId="0" pageNumber="495">3</figureCitation>
A–C
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B13236EBFF84C44AE1F0D9C1FD3B7387" blockId="0.[151,1437,1712,1991]" box="[151,650,1712,1735]" pageId="0" pageNumber="495">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="919D11C5FF84C44AE1F0D9C1FD3B7387" box="[151,650,1712,1735]" pageId="0" pageNumber="495">
<taxonomicName id="768D4D68FF84C44AE1F0D9C1FEDF7387" box="[151,366,1712,1735]" class="Demospongiae" family="Chalinidae" genus="Rhaphisia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="0" pageNumber="495" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="ambrosia">
<emphasis id="83F9EAF9FF84C44AE1F0D9C1FEDF7387" box="[151,366,1712,1735]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="495">Rhaphisia ambrosia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
de
<treatmentCitation id="302C10FAFF84C44AE0F3D9C1FD377387" author="Laubenfels" box="[404,646,1712,1735]" page="135" pageId="0" pageNumber="495" year="1936">
<bibRefCitation id="D51C4B1AFF84C44AE0F3D9C1FDE07387" author="Laubenfels" box="[404,593,1712,1735]" pageId="0" pageNumber="495" refString="Laubenfels, M. W. de (1936) A discussion of the sponge fauna of Dry Tortugas in particular, and the West Indies in general, with material for a revision of the families and orders of the Porifera. Carnegie Institute of Washington (Tortugas Laboratory Paper N ° 467), 30, 1 - 125 pp." type="journal article" year="1936">Laubenfels, 1936</bibRefCitation>
: 135
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.
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="F9976560FF84C44AE1F0D9A1FCAC7287" pageId="0" pageNumber="495" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="B13236EBFF84C44AE1F0D9A1FA8B7267" blockId="0.[151,1437,1712,1991]" pageId="0" pageNumber="495">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="919D11C5FF84C44AE1F0D9A1FA8B7267" pageId="0" pageNumber="495">
<taxonomicName id="768D4D68FF84C44AE1F0D9A1FED373A7" box="[151,354,1744,1767]" class="Demospongiae" family="Halichondriidae" genus="Axinyssa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halichondrida" pageId="0" pageNumber="495" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="ambrosia">
<emphasis id="83F9EAF9FF84C44AE1F0D9A1FED373A7" box="[151,354,1744,1767]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="495">Axinyssa ambrosia</emphasis>
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; van
<treatmentCitation id="302C10FAFF84C44AE0F8D9A1FD3973A7" author="Soest" box="[415,648,1744,1767]" page="27" pageId="0" pageNumber="495" year="1990">
<bibRefCitation id="D51C4B1AFF84C44AE0F8D9A1FDEE73A7" author="Soest" box="[415,607,1744,1767]" pageId="0" pageNumber="495" refString="Soest, R. W. M. van, Diaz, M. C. &amp; Pomponi, S. A. (1990) Phylogenetic classification of the Halichondrids (Porifaera, Demospongiae). Beaufortia, 40 (2), 15 - 62." type="journal article" year="1990">
Soest
<emphasis id="83F9EAF9FF84C44AE086D9A1FDA073A7" box="[481,529,1744,1767]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="495">et al</emphasis>
., 1990
</bibRefCitation>
: 27
</treatmentCitation>
, fig. 21 (in part,
<typeStatus id="6E368849FF84C44AE227D9A1FC2C73A7" box="[832,925,1744,1767]" pageId="0" pageNumber="495" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
and material from
<collectingCountry id="C99A767BFF84C44AE508D9A1FB7C73A7" box="[1135,1229,1744,1767]" name="Curaçao" pageId="0" pageNumber="495">Curaçao</collectingCountry>
);
<treatmentCitation id="302C10FAFF84C44AE587D9A1FF5E7247" author="Diaz" page="146" pageId="0" pageNumber="495" year="1991">
<bibRefCitation id="D51C4B1AFF84C44AE587D9A1FA2973A7" author="Diaz" box="[1248,1432,1744,1767]" pageId="0" pageNumber="495" refString="Diaz, M. C., Soest, R. W. M. van &amp; Pomponi, S. A. (1991) A systematic revision of the Central-Atlantic Halichondrida (Demospongiae, Porifera). Part. I: Evaluation of characters and diagnosis of genera. In: Reitner, J. &amp; Keupp, H. (Eds.), Fossil and recent sponges. Springer Verlag, Berlin, pp. 134 - 149. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1007 / 978 - 3 - 642 - 75656 - 6 _ 11" type="book chapter" year="1991">
Diaz
<emphasis id="83F9EAF9FF84C44AE47DD9A1FAFB73A7" box="[1306,1354,1744,1767]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="495">et al</emphasis>
., 1991
</bibRefCitation>
: 146
</treatmentCitation>
(in part,
<typeStatus id="6E368849FF84C44AE033D981FE007247" box="[340,433,1776,1799]" pageId="0" pageNumber="495" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
and material from
<collectingCountry id="C99A767BFF84C44AE3E4D981FD507247" box="[643,737,1776,1799]" name="Curaçao" pageId="0" pageNumber="495">Curaçao</collectingCountry>
);
<treatmentCitation id="302C10FAFF84C44AE393D981FC527247" author="Diaz" box="[756,995,1776,1799]" page="289" pageId="0" pageNumber="495" year="1993">
<bibRefCitation id="D51C4B1AFF84C44AE393D981FC1D7247" author="Diaz" box="[756,940,1776,1799]" pageId="0" pageNumber="495" refString="Diaz, M. C., Pomponi, S. A. &amp; Soest, R. W. M. van (1993) A systematic revision of the central West Atlantic Halichondrida (Demospongiae, Porifera). Part III: description of valid species. Scientia Marina, 57 (4), 283 - 306." type="journal article" year="1993">
Diaz
<emphasis id="83F9EAF9FF84C44AE249D981FCEF7247" box="[814,862,1776,1799]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="495">et al</emphasis>
., 1993
</bibRefCitation>
: 289
</treatmentCitation>
, fig. 10 (in part,
<typeStatus id="6E368849FF84C44AE5FCD981FB497247" box="[1179,1272,1776,1799]" pageId="0" pageNumber="495" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
and ZMA Por. 6895 from
<collectingCountry id="C99A767BFF84C44AE05AD861FE2A7267" box="[317,411,1808,1831]" name="Curaçao" pageId="0" pageNumber="495">Curaçao</collectingCountry>
);
<treatmentCitation id="302C10FAFF84C44AE0CAD861FDF07267" author="Zea" box="[429,577,1808,1831]" page="87" pageId="0" pageNumber="495" year="1993">
<bibRefCitation id="D51C4B1AFF84C44AE0CAD861FDAA7267" author="Zea" box="[429,539,1808,1831]" pageId="0" pageNumber="495" refString="Zea, S. (1993) Cover of sponges and other sessile organisms in rocky and coral reef habitats of Santa Marta, Colombian Caribbean Sea. Caribbean Journal of Science, 29 (1 - 2), 75 - 88." type="journal article" year="1993">Zea, 1993</bibRefCitation>
: 87
</treatmentCitation>
(ecology); Lehnert and van
<treatmentCitation id="302C10FAFF84C44AE208D861FB947267" author="Soest" box="[879,1061,1808,1831]" page="149" pageId="0" pageNumber="495" year="1999">
<bibRefCitation id="D51C4B1AFF84C44AE208D861FC5E7267" author="Soest" box="[879,1007,1808,1831]" pageId="0" pageNumber="495" refString="Lehnert, H. &amp; Soest, R. W. M. van (1999) More North Jamaican deep fore-reef sponges. Beaufortia, 49, 141 - 169." type="journal article" year="1999">Soest, 1999</bibRefCitation>
: 149
</treatmentCitation>
;
<treatmentCitation id="302C10FAFF84C44AE557D861FA877267" author="Rutzler" box="[1072,1334,1808,1831]" page="302" pageId="0" pageNumber="495" year="2009">
<bibRefCitation id="D51C4B1AFF84C44AE557D861FAB17267" author="Rutzler" box="[1072,1280,1808,1831]" pageId="0" pageNumber="495" refString="Rutzler, K., Soest, R. W. M. van &amp; Piantoni, C. (2009) Sponges (Porifera) of the Gulf of Mexico. In: Felder, D. L. &amp; Camp, D. K. (Eds.), Gulf of Mexico origin, waters and biota, Vol. 1, Biodiversity. Texas A &amp; M University Press, College Station, pp. 285 - 313." type="journal article" year="2009">
Rützler
<emphasis id="83F9EAF9FF84C44AE5E3D861FB027267" box="[1156,1203,1808,1831]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="495">et al</emphasis>
., 2009
</bibRefCitation>
: 302
</treatmentCitation>
.
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B13236EBFF84C44AE1F0D841FE4C7207" blockId="0.[151,1437,1712,1991]" box="[151,509,1840,1863]" pageId="0" pageNumber="495">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="919D11C5FF84C44AE1F0D841FE4C7207" box="[151,509,1840,1863]" pageId="0" pageNumber="495">
?
<taxonomicName id="768D4D68FF84C44AE1C4D841FEB37207" box="[163,258,1840,1863]" class="Demospongiae" family="Halichondriidae" genus="Axinyssa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halichondrida" pageId="0" pageNumber="495" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="83F9EAF9FF84C44AE1C4D841FEB37207" box="[163,258,1840,1863]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="495">Axinyssa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp;
<treatmentCitation id="302C10FAFF84C44AE049D841FE487207" author="Moraes" box="[302,505,1840,1863]" page="159" pageId="0" pageNumber="495" year="2011">
<bibRefCitation id="D51C4B1AFF84C44AE049D841FE727207" author="Moraes" box="[302,451,1840,1863]" pageId="0" pageNumber="495" refString="Moraes, F. C. de (2011) Esponjas das ilhas oceanicas Brasileiras. Museu Nacional, Rio de Janeiro, Serie Livros 44, 252 pp." type="book" year="2011">Moraes, 2011</bibRefCitation>
: 159
</treatmentCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B13236EBFF84C44AE1F0D821FDE372C7" blockId="0.[151,1437,1712,1991]" pageId="0" pageNumber="495">
[Non:
<taxonomicName id="768D4D68FF84C44AE1B8D821FD227227" authority="Pulitzer-Finali, 1986" authorityName="Pulitzer-Finali" authorityYear="1986" box="[223,659,1872,1895]" class="Demospongiae" family="Dictyonellidae" genus="Dictyonella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halichondrida" pageId="0" pageNumber="495" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="yumae">
<emphasis id="83F9EAF9FF84C44AE1B8D821FE1B7227" box="[223,426,1872,1895]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="495">Dictyonella yumae</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="D51C4B1AFF84C44AE0D3D821FD227227" author="Pulitzer-Finali" box="[436,659,1872,1895]" pageId="0" pageNumber="495" refString="Pulitzer-Finali, G. (1986) A collection of West Indian Demospongiae (Porifera). In Appendix, a list of the Demospongiae hitherto recorded from the West Indies. Annali del Museo civico di storia naturale Giacomo Doria, 86, 65 - 216." type="journal article" year="1986">Pulitzer-Finali, 1986</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(a valid species of
<taxonomicName id="768D4D68FF84C44AE217D821FC7E7227" box="[880,975,1872,1895]" class="Demospongiae" family="Halichondriidae" genus="Axinyssa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halichondrida" pageId="0" pageNumber="495" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="83F9EAF9FF84C44AE217D821FC7E7227" box="[880,975,1872,1895]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="495">Axinyssa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; synonymy suggested by van
<bibRefCitation id="D51C4B1AFF84C44AE447D821FEB172C7" author="Soest" pageId="0" pageNumber="495" refString="Soest, R. W. M. van, Diaz, M. C. &amp; Pomponi, S. A. (1990) Phylogenetic classification of the Halichondrids (Porifaera, Demospongiae). Beaufortia, 40 (2), 15 - 62." type="journal article" year="1990">
Soest
<emphasis id="83F9EAF9FF84C44AE403D821FA247227" box="[1380,1429,1872,1895]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="495">et al</emphasis>
. 1990
</bibRefCitation>
: 27 and
<bibRefCitation id="D51C4B1AFF84C44AE03FD801FDB772C7" author="Diaz" box="[344,518,1904,1927]" pageId="0" pageNumber="495" refString="Diaz, M. C., Pomponi, S. A. &amp; Soest, R. W. M. van (1993) A systematic revision of the central West Atlantic Halichondrida (Demospongiae, Porifera). Part III: description of valid species. Scientia Marina, 57 (4), 283 - 306." type="journal article" year="1993">
Diaz
<emphasis id="83F9EAF9FF84C44AE0F5D801FE7072C7" box="[402,449,1904,1927]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="495">et al</emphasis>
. 1993
</bibRefCitation>
: 289)].
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B13236EBFF84C44AE1F0D8E1FCAC7287" blockId="0.[151,1437,1712,1991]" pageId="0" pageNumber="495">
[Non:
<taxonomicName id="768D4D68FF84C44AE1BAD8E1FE0872E7" box="[221,441,1936,1959]" class="Demospongiae" family="Halichondriidae" genus="Leucophloeus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Suberitida" pageId="0" pageNumber="495" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="lewisi">
<emphasis id="83F9EAF9FF84C44AE1BAD8E1FE0872E7" box="[221,441,1936,1959]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="495">Leucophloeus lewisi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
van
<bibRefCitation id="D51C4B1AFF84C44AE088D8E1FD4972E7" author="Soest" box="[495,760,1936,1959]" pageId="0" pageNumber="495" refString="Soest, R. W. M. van &amp; Stentoft, N. (1988) Barbados deep-water sponges. Studies on the Fauna of Curacao andother Caribbean Islands, 70 (215), 1 - 175." type="journal article" year="1988">Soest and Stentoft, 1988</bibRefCitation>
(=
<taxonomicName id="768D4D68FF84C44AE27ED8E1FB1F72E7" authority="Pulitzer-Finali, 1986" authorityName="Pulitzer-Finali" authorityYear="1986" box="[793,1198,1936,1959]" class="Demospongiae" family="Halichondriidae" genus="Axinyssa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halichondrida" pageId="0" pageNumber="495" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="yumae">
<emphasis id="83F9EAF9FF84C44AE27ED8E1FC7772E7" box="[793,966,1936,1959]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="495">Axinyssa yumae</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="D51C4B1AFF84C44AE2A9D8E1FB1F72E7" author="Pulitzer-Finali" box="[974,1198,1936,1959]" pageId="0" pageNumber="495" refString="Pulitzer-Finali, G. (1986) A collection of West Indian Demospongiae (Porifera). In Appendix, a list of the Demospongiae hitherto recorded from the West Indies. Annali del Museo civico di storia naturale Giacomo Doria, 86, 65 - 216." type="journal article" year="1986">Pulitzer-Finali, 1986</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
; synonymy suggested by van
<bibRefCitation id="D51C4B1AFF84C44AE072D8C1FE7A7287" author="Soest" box="[277,459,1968,1991]" pageId="0" pageNumber="495" refString="Soest, R. W. M. van, Diaz, M. C. &amp; Pomponi, S. A. (1990) Phylogenetic classification of the Halichondrids (Porifaera, Demospongiae). Beaufortia, 40 (2), 15 - 62." type="journal article" year="1990">
Soest
<emphasis id="83F9EAF9FF84C44AE031D8C1FE357287" box="[342,388,1968,1991]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="495">et al</emphasis>
. 1990
</bibRefCitation>
: 27 and
<bibRefCitation id="D51C4B1AFF84C44AE344D8C1FD607287" author="Diaz" box="[547,721,1968,1991]" pageId="0" pageNumber="495" refString="Diaz, M. C., Pomponi, S. A. &amp; Soest, R. W. M. van (1993) A systematic revision of the central West Atlantic Halichondrida (Demospongiae, Porifera). Part III: description of valid species. Scientia Marina, 57 (4), 283 - 306." type="journal article" year="1993">
Diaz
<emphasis id="83F9EAF9FF84C44AE33BD8C1FD3D7287" box="[604,652,1968,1991]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="495">et al</emphasis>
. 1993
</bibRefCitation>
: 289)].
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="F9976560FF85C44BE1F0DFE6FB39741C" pageId="1" pageNumber="496" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="B13236EBFF85C44BE1F0DFE6FB39741C" blockId="1.[151,1437,151,764]" pageId="1" pageNumber="496">
<emphasis id="83F9EAF9FF85C44BE1F0DFE6FEC675EF" bold="true" box="[151,375,151,175]" pageId="1" pageNumber="496">Material examined.</emphasis>
<typeStatus id="6E368849FF85C44BE018DFE9FE5375EF" box="[383,482,152,175]" pageId="1" pageNumber="496" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
<collectionCode id="D79CAE2EFF85C44BE08DDFE9FD8675EF" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" box="[490,567,152,175]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="1" pageNumber="496">USNM</collectionCode>
22452, SE of Loggerhead Key, Dry
<collectingCountry id="C99A767BFF85C44BE2ADDFE9FB9B75EF" box="[970,1066,152,175]" name="Haiti" pageId="1" pageNumber="496">Tortugas</collectingCountry>
, Florida,
<collectingCountry id="C99A767BFF85C44BE5F5DFE9FB7B75EF" box="[1170,1226,152,175]" name="United States of America" pageId="1" pageNumber="496">USA</collectingCountry>
,
<quantity id="76759B0EFF85C44BE5B1DFE9FAA175EF" box="[1238,1296,152,175]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="496" unit="m" value="70.0">70 m</quantity>
, dredged,
<date id="C533102BFF85C44BE4E6DFE9FEB57591" pageId="1" pageNumber="496" value="1932-06-26">26 June 1932</date>
(spicule and skeleton slides).
<collectionCode id="D79CAE2EFF85C44BE32EDFCBFD357591" box="[585,644,186,209]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/a65z-wv6r" name="Universiteit van Amsterdam, Zoologisch Museum" pageId="1" pageNumber="496">ZMA</collectionCode>
Por. 6895 (fragment INV–POR 0519), in front of Carmabi,
<collectingCountry id="C99A767BFF85C44BE46ADFCBFAD87591" box="[1293,1385,186,209]" name="Curaçao" pageId="1" pageNumber="496">Curaçao</collectingCountry>
,
<quantity id="76759B0EFF85C44BE413DFCBFF7E75B4" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.8" pageId="1" pageNumber="496" unit="m" value="19.0" valueMax="20.0" valueMin="18.0">18– 20 m</quantity>
, coll. excursion
<collectingCountry id="C99A767BFF85C44BE018DFACFE6975B4" box="[383,472,221,244]" name="Curaçao" pageId="1" pageNumber="496">Curaçao</collectingCountry>
1975, id. R.W.M. van Soest. Material from Santa
<collectingCountry id="C99A767BFF85C44BE295DFACFB8575B4" box="[1010,1076,221,244]" name="Malta" pageId="1" pageNumber="496">Marta</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="C99A767BFF85C44BE558DFACFB1A75B4" box="[1087,1195,221,244]" name="Colombia" pageId="1" pageNumber="496">Colombia</collectingCountry>
, coll. by S. Zea: INV– POR 0522 (11 Febr. 1997),
<collectionCode id="D79CAE2EFF85C44BE0ADDE71FE487457" box="[458,505,256,279]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/xsgz-nxkh" name="Instituto de Ciencias Naturales, Museo de Historia Natural" pageId="1" pageNumber="496">ICN</collectionCode>
–MHN(Po) 0173 (
<date id="C533102BFF85C44BE3A6DE71FCEF7457" box="[705,862,256,279]" pageId="1" pageNumber="496" value="1997-09-20">20 Sept. 1997</date>
), INV–POR 0523 (
<date id="C533102BFF85C44BE554DE71FB6E7457" box="[1075,1247,256,279]" pageId="1" pageNumber="496" value="1999-03-31">31 March 1999</date>
), Punta de Betín, Bahía de Santa
<collectingCountry id="C99A767BFF85C44BE024DE53FE377479" box="[323,390,290,313]" name="Malta" pageId="1" pageNumber="496">Marta</collectingCountry>
, reef-sand slope edge,
<quantity id="76759B0EFF85C44BE318DE53FD537479" box="[639,738,290,313]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.25" metricValueMax="2.5" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="496" unit="m" value="22.5" valueMax="25.0" valueMin="20.0">20–25 m</quantity>
; INV–POR 0520 (10–12 Febr. 1988), El Morro, Bahía de Santa
<collectingCountry id="C99A767BFF85C44BE1F0DE34FF6B741C" box="[151,218,325,348]" name="Malta" pageId="1" pageNumber="496">Marta</collectingCountry>
, reef base,
<quantity id="76759B0EFF85C44BE036DE34FE3B741C" box="[337,394,325,348]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" pageId="1" pageNumber="496" unit="m" value="35.0">35 m</quantity>
; INV–POR 0521 (
<date id="C533102BFF85C44BE337DE34FD6C741C" box="[592,733,325,348]" pageId="1" pageNumber="496" value="1982-04-02">2 April 1982</date>
), Bahía de Nenguange, reef edge,
<specimenCount id="A78BFD62FF85C44BE52DDE34FB39741C" box="[1098,1160,325,348]" pageId="1" pageNumber="496" type="generic">
<quantity id="76759B0EFF85C44BE52DDE34FB35741C" box="[1098,1156,325,348]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="496" unit="m" value="20.0">20 m</quantity>
.
</specimenCount>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="F9976560FF85C44BE1A0DE16FE2177BC" pageId="1" pageNumber="496" type="description">
<paragraph id="B13236EBFF85C44BE1A0DE16FE2177BC" blockId="1.[151,1437,151,764]" pageId="1" pageNumber="496">
<emphasis id="83F9EAF9FF85C44BE1A0DE16FEE3743F" bold="true" box="[199,338,359,383]" pageId="1" pageNumber="496">Description.</emphasis>
Irregular masses,
<quantity id="76759B0EFF85C44BE37CDE19FDDD743F" box="[539,620,360,383]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="496" unit="cm" value="2.5" valueMax="3.0" valueMin="2.0">2–3 cm</quantity>
thick, up to
<quantity id="76759B0EFF85C44BE39DDE19FCD7743F" box="[762,870,360,383]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.25" metricValueMax="1.5" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="496" unit="cm" value="12.5" valueMax="15.0" valueMin="10.0">10–15 cm</quantity>
wide or more, with lobate to digitiform, sometimes stalked, cylindrical projections, up to
<quantity id="76759B0EFF85C44BE34ADEFBFDCD74E1" box="[557,636,394,417]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="496" unit="cm" value="1.5" valueMax="2.0" valueMin="1.0">1–2 cm</quantity>
in height-width; sometimes as repent to partly projecting branches, ca.
<quantity id="76759B0EFF85C44BE4E6DEFBFF097484" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="496" unit="cm" value="10.0">10 cm</quantity>
long,
<quantity id="76759B0EFF85C44BE067DEDCFEE37484" box="[256,338,429,452]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="496" unit="cm" value="2.0" valueMax="3.0" valueMin="1.0">1–3 cm</quantity>
wide. Surface organic, rugose, with microconulose to microhispid areas; some areas honeycombed; loosely to strongly fouled. Oscules scarce, scattered, up to
<quantity id="76759B0EFF85C44BE26EDEA1FCF774A7" box="[777,838,464,487]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="496" unit="mm" value="3.0">3 mm</quantity>
in diameter. Consistency compressible but not resilient, slightly difficult to tear, spiculose; dried specimens are hard. Tissue color bright yellow to orange-yellow, with vinaceous shades on the exterior; specimens fixed directly in ethanol turn black, yielding a dark brown ink; other fixed specimens creamy; dried specimens creamy. Ectosome organic; pinacoderm supported by projecting spicules or spicule tracts. Choanosome non-cavernous; skeleton as a confused arrangement of spicules in between ascending, radiating and anastomosing spicule tracts, 2–10 spicules across, 30–50 µm wide. Spicules slightly curved oxeas, with symmetrical, rather long, hastate, mucronate and stepped ends; axial canal often visible; a few fusiform oxea as developmental stages; a few strongyloxeas and anysostrongyles; length 490–941 µm (specimen means
<emphasis id="83F9EAF9FF85C44BE578DDB3FBCD7799" box="[1055,1148,706,729]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="496">653–803</emphasis>
µm); width 4.8–23.8 µm (means
<emphasis id="83F9EAF9FF85C44BE18DDD94FEE577BC" box="[234,340,741,764]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="496">10.9–17.0</emphasis>
µm).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="E5F26663FF85C44BE1F0D8D0FD86729B" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/218927/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="496" targetBox="[159,1432,822,1928]" targetPageId="1">
<paragraph id="B13236EBFF85C44BE1F0D8D0FD86729B" blockId="1.[151,1436,1953,2011]" pageId="1" pageNumber="496">
<emphasis id="83F9EAF9FF85C44BE1F0D8D0FEA872F9" bold="true" box="[151,281,1953,1977]" pageId="1" pageNumber="496">FIGURE 1.</emphasis>
<emphasis id="83F9EAF9FF85C44BE078D8D3FE5E72F9" box="[287,495,1954,1977]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="496">
<taxonomicName id="768D4D68FF85C44BE078D8D3FE5A72F9" box="[287,491,1954,1977]" class="Demospongiae" family="Halichondriidae" genus="Axinyssa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halichondrida" pageId="1" pageNumber="496" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="ambrosia">Axinyssa ambrosia</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
Photomicrographs of spicules (A) and of cross-section of the skeleton at the surface (C). Underwater close-up of the surface (B)
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="F9976560FF86C448E1A0DFE6FE837479" pageId="2" pageNumber="497" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="B13236EBFF86C448E1A0DFE6FE837479" blockId="2.[151,1436,151,591]" pageId="2" pageNumber="497">
<emphasis id="83F9EAF9FF86C448E1A0DFE6FE5575EF" bold="true" box="[199,484,151,175]" pageId="2" pageNumber="497">Distribution and ecology.</emphasis>
Florida (Dry
<collectingCountry id="C99A767BFF86C448E311DFE9FD6675EF" box="[630,727,152,175]" name="Haiti" pageId="2" pageNumber="497">Tortugas</collectingCountry>
: de
<bibRefCitation id="D51C4B1AFF86C448E266DFE9FC0775EF" author="Laubenfels" box="[769,950,152,175]" pageId="2" pageNumber="497" refString="Laubenfels, M. W. de (1936) A discussion of the sponge fauna of Dry Tortugas in particular, and the West Indies in general, with material for a revision of the families and orders of the Porifera. Carnegie Institute of Washington (Tortugas Laboratory Paper N ° 467), 30, 1 - 125 pp." type="journal article" year="1936">Laubenfels 1936</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="D51C4B1AFF86C448E2A7DFE9FB3875EF" author="Rutzler" box="[960,1161,152,175]" pageId="2" pageNumber="497" refString="Rutzler, K., Soest, R. W. M. van &amp; Piantoni, C. (2009) Sponges (Porifera) of the Gulf of Mexico. In: Felder, D. L. &amp; Camp, D. K. (Eds.), Gulf of Mexico origin, waters and biota, Vol. 1, Biodiversity. Texas A &amp; M University Press, College Station, pp. 285 - 313." type="journal article" year="2009">
Rützler
<emphasis id="83F9EAF9FF86C448E572DFE9FBF575EF" box="[1045,1092,152,175]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="497">et al</emphasis>
. 2009
</bibRefCitation>
),
<collectingCountry id="C99A767BFF86C448E5FCDFE9FB4075EF" box="[1179,1265,152,175]" name="Jamaica" pageId="2" pageNumber="497">Jamaica</collectingCountry>
(Lehnert &amp; van
<bibRefCitation id="D51C4B1AFF86C448E1F0DFCBFEA37591" author="Soest" box="[151,274,186,209]" pageId="2" pageNumber="497" refString="Lehnert, H. &amp; Soest, R. W. M. van (1999) More North Jamaican deep fore-reef sponges. Beaufortia, 49, 141 - 169." type="journal article" year="1999">Soest 1999</bibRefCitation>
),
<collectingCountry id="C99A767BFF86C448E041DFCBFECE7591" box="[294,383,186,209]" name="Curaçao" pageId="2" pageNumber="497">Curaçao</collectingCountry>
(van
<bibRefCitation id="D51C4B1AFF86C448E0D8DFCBFDCA7591" author="Soest" box="[447,635,186,209]" pageId="2" pageNumber="497" refString="Soest, R. W. M. van, Diaz, M. C. &amp; Pomponi, S. A. (1990) Phylogenetic classification of the Halichondrids (Porifaera, Demospongiae). Beaufortia, 40 (2), 15 - 62." type="journal article" year="1990">
Soest
<emphasis id="83F9EAF9FF86C448E365DFCBFD827591" box="[514,563,186,209]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="497">et al</emphasis>
. 1990
</bibRefCitation>
),
<collectingCountry id="C99A767BFF86C448E3E8DFCBFD497591" box="[655,760,186,209]" name="Colombia" pageId="2" pageNumber="497">Colombia</collectingCountry>
(Santa
<collectingCountry id="C99A767BFF86C448E229DFCBFC237591" box="[846,914,186,209]" name="Malta" pageId="2" pageNumber="497">Marta</collectingCountry>
). At Santa
<collectingCountry id="C99A767BFF86C448E56ADFCBFBFE7591" box="[1037,1103,186,209]" name="Malta" pageId="2" pageNumber="497">Marta</collectingCountry>
, occasional in deep reef areas, usually growing on dead sides or on undersides of corals,
<quantity id="76759B0EFF86C448E262DFACFCD375B4" box="[773,866,221,244]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.65" metricValueMax="3.5" metricValueMin="1.8" pageId="2" pageNumber="497" unit="m" value="26.5" valueMax="35.0" valueMin="18.0">18–35 m</quantity>
in depth. Material from
<collectingCountry id="C99A767BFF86C448E50CDFACFB7575B4" box="[1131,1220,221,244]" name="Curaçao" pageId="2" pageNumber="497">Curaçao</collectingCountry>
collected in reefs at
<quantity id="76759B0EFF86C448E1F0DE71FF447457" box="[151,245,256,279]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.8" pageId="2" pageNumber="497" unit="m" value="19.0" valueMax="20.0" valueMin="18.0">18–20 m</quantity>
in depth.
<typeStatus id="6E368849FF86C448E006DE71FE757457" box="[353,452,256,279]" pageId="2" pageNumber="497" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
dredged at
<quantity id="76759B0EFF86C448E324DE71FDCB7457" box="[579,634,256,279]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="497" unit="m" value="70.0">70 m</quantity>
in depth, encrusting a rock. Jamaican material found in the deep fore-reef,
<quantity id="76759B0EFF86C448E1F0DE53FF7C7479" box="[151,205,290,313]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.5" pageId="2" pageNumber="497" unit="m" value="85.0">85 m</quantity>
in depth.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="F9976560FF86C448E1A0DE35FEB4770F" pageId="2" pageNumber="497" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="B13236EBFF86C448E1A0DE35FEB4770F" blockId="2.[151,1436,151,591]" pageId="2" pageNumber="497">
<emphasis id="83F9EAF9FF86C448E1A0DE35FE84741C" bold="true" box="[199,309,324,348]" pageId="2" pageNumber="497">Remarks.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="768D4D68FF86C448E027DE34FDBF741C" box="[320,526,325,348]" class="Demospongiae" family="Halichondriidae" genus="Axinyssa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halichondrida" pageId="2" pageNumber="497" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="ambrosia">
<emphasis id="83F9EAF9FF86C448E027DE34FDBF741C" box="[320,526,325,348]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="497">Axinyssa ambrosia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is distinguished from
<taxonomicName id="768D4D68FF86C448E26ADE34FCC4741C" box="[781,885,325,348]" class="Demospongiae" family="Halichondriidae" genus="Axinyssa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halichondrida" pageId="2" pageNumber="497" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="yumae">
<emphasis id="83F9EAF9FF86C448E26ADE34FCC4741C" box="[781,885,325,348]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="497">A. yumae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by its irregular shape and smaller oscules in the former, vs. clusters of volcano-shaped lobes to tubes in the latter. Spicules are predominantly oxeas in
<taxonomicName id="768D4D68FF86C448E58CDE19FADF743F" box="[1259,1390,360,383]" class="Demospongiae" family="Halichondriidae" genus="Axinyssa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halichondrida" pageId="2" pageNumber="497" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="ambrosia">
<emphasis id="83F9EAF9FF86C448E58CDE19FADF743F" box="[1259,1390,360,383]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="497">A. ambrosia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and always anysostrongyloxeas (fusifom styles) in
<taxonomicName id="768D4D68FF86C448E3FDDEFBFD4E74E1" box="[666,767,394,417]" class="Demospongiae" family="Halichondriidae" genus="Axinyssa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halichondrida" pageId="2" pageNumber="497" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="yumae">
<emphasis id="83F9EAF9FF86C448E3FDDEFBFD4E74E1" box="[666,767,394,417]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="497">A. yumae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The Jamaican material described by Lehnert and van
<bibRefCitation id="D51C4B1AFF86C448E405DEFBFF6F7484" author="Soest" pageId="2" pageNumber="497" refString="Lehnert, H. &amp; Soest, R. W. M. van (1999) More North Jamaican deep fore-reef sponges. Beaufortia, 49, 141 - 169." type="journal article" year="1999">Soest (1999)</bibRefCitation>
can be ascribed to
<taxonomicName id="768D4D68FF86C448E0D6DEDCFD827484" box="[433,563,429,452]" class="Demospongiae" family="Halichondriidae" genus="Axinyssa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halichondrida" pageId="2" pageNumber="497" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="ambrosia">
<emphasis id="83F9EAF9FF86C448E0D6DEDCFD827484" box="[433,563,429,452]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="497">A. ambrosia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by its slightly larger (720–1160 µm
<date id="C533102BFF86C448E2A5DEDCFBBC7484" box="[962,1037,429,452]" pageId="2" pageNumber="497" value="1916-10-06">x 6–16</date>
µm) oxea with telescoped ends. The material from
<collectingCountry id="C99A767BFF86C448E050DEA1FE7574A7" box="[311,452,464,487]" name="Bahamas" pageId="2" pageNumber="497">the Bahamas</collectingCountry>
described by
<bibRefCitation id="D51C4B1AFF86C448E303DEA1FC9D74A7" box="[612,812,464,487]" pageId="2" pageNumber="497" refString="Diaz, M. C., Pomponi, S. A. &amp; Soest, R. W. M. van (1993) A systematic revision of the central West Atlantic Halichondrida (Demospongiae, Porifera). Part III: description of valid species. Scientia Marina, 57 (4), 283 - 306." type="journal article">
Diaz
<emphasis id="83F9EAF9FF86C448E3C6DEA1FD6574A7" box="[673,724,464,487]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="497">et al</emphasis>
. (1993)
</bibRefCitation>
was not studied here and may deserve further analysis.
<taxonomicName id="768D4D68FF86C448E1F0DE83FF477749" box="[151,246,498,521]" class="Demospongiae" family="Halichondriidae" genus="Axinyssa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halichondrida" pageId="2" pageNumber="497" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="83F9EAF9FF86C448E1F0DE83FF477749" box="[151,246,498,521]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="497">Axinyssa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. described by
<bibRefCitation id="D51C4B1AFF86C448E0D6DE83FDFE7749" author="Moraes" box="[433,591,498,521]" pageId="2" pageNumber="497" refString="Moraes, F. C. de (2011) Esponjas das ilhas oceanicas Brasileiras. Museu Nacional, Rio de Janeiro, Serie Livros 44, 252 pp." type="book" year="2011">Moraes (2011)</bibRefCitation>
from the Archipelago of São Pedro e São Paulo, off
<collectingCountry id="C99A767BFF86C448E5E1DE83FB7B7749" box="[1158,1226,498,521]" name="Brazil" pageId="2" pageNumber="497">Brazil</collectingCountry>
, may belong to this species. This species yielded nitrogenous eudesmane-type compounds with strong cytotoxic activity (
<bibRefCitation id="D51C4B1AFF86C448E58BDD64FF48770F" author="Petrichtcheva" pageId="2" pageNumber="497" refString="Petrichtcheva, N. V., Duque, C., Duenas, A., Zea, S., Hara, N. &amp; Fujimoto, Y. (2002) New cytotoxic nitrogeneous eudesmane-type compounds isolated from the Caribbean sponge Axinyssa ambrosia. Journal of Natural Products, 65, 851 - 855. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1021 / np 0104471" type="journal article" year="2002">
Petrichtcheva
<emphasis id="83F9EAF9FF86C448E4EEDD64FF1D770F" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="497">et al</emphasis>
., 2002
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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