173 lines
19 KiB
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173 lines
19 KiB
XML
<document id="2A1BBDD31DE1506C184F78CB95AABA43" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4034.3.2" ID-GBIF-Dataset="8d4ae7bf-0427-4539-8dfb-6ca52d647b73" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="240340" ID-ZooBank="0A762FED-A91A-4589-8991-BD629EDF1CE5" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1461302088210" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Santos, Bianca Tamires Silva Dos, Silva, Valeria Juliete Da & Fernandes, Jose Antonio Marin" docDate="2015" docId="03A587DFD708FF8D8DDBFC7B8573F82A" docLanguage="en" docName="zt04034p470.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4034 (3)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Ascra Santos, Silva & Fernandes, 2015, n. sp." docType="treatment" docVersion="10" lastPageNumber="468" masterDocId="FF9CFFA7D71FFF9A8D4CFF898768FF98" masterDocTitle="Revision of Ascra with proposition of the bifida species group and description of two new species (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae: Edessinae)" masterLastPageNumber="470" masterPageNumber="445" pageNumber="468" updateTime="1698617498557" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:titleInfo id="E437CEE6CDFA7A197B833F5FD17A1787">
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<mods:title id="6245454B4C85D37177780A318E5179C7">Revision of Ascra with proposition of the bifida species group and description of two new species (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae: Edessinae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="4BFDF8610623E0EB1E2CF32D1D003CA1">Santos, Bianca Tamires Silva Dos</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="CB56CFB9896155808FAC4AD09E378005">Silva, Valeria Juliete Da</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name id="0527807DB90D3C211F23EA717DF0EA24" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="81A106BBBB2486A74B80C839402991D6">Fernandes, Jose Antonio Marin</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="BA024BAAED2FFA51980D74F5CE5E8393">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="47D8C7ABF461C1656AFA8ED93A81E7ED">2015</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="815C2A4AD11A7763EF1DDFC99A4D8FEE">4034</mods:number>
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<treatment id="03A587DFD708FF8D8DDBFC7B8573F82A" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6097770" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119643590" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6097770" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A587DFD708FF8D8DDBFC7B8573F82A" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A587DFD708FF8D8DDBFC7B8573F82A" lastPageNumber="468" pageId="23" pageNumber="468">
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<subSubSection id="C3166542D708FF8D8DDBFC7B8573F82A" pageId="23" pageNumber="468" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BB336C9D708FF8D8DDBFC7B8560FB94" blockId="23.[151,520,1010,1036]" box="[151,520,1010,1036]" pageId="23" pageNumber="468">
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<heading id="D0FB81A5D708FF8D8DDBFC7B8560FB94" bold="true" box="[151,520,1010,1036]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="23" pageNumber="468" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B978EADBD708FF8D8DDBFC7B8560FB94" bold="true" box="[151,520,1010,1036]" pageId="23" pageNumber="468">
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<taxonomicName id="4C0C4D4AD708FF8D8DDBFC7B87B5FB94" box="[151,221,1010,1036]" class="Insecta" family="Pentatomidae" genus="Ascra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="468" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B978EADBD708FF8D8DDBFC7B87B5FB94" bold="true" box="[151,221,1010,1036]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="468">Ascra</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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species as edible insects
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BB336C9D708FF8D8DDBFBB083BEFB02" blockId="23.[151,1437,1081,1970]" pageId="23" pageNumber="468">
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The main goal of this article is the taxonomical review of
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<taxonomicName id="4C0C4D4AD708FF8D8E53FBB38409FBC9" box="[799,865,1082,1105]" class="Insecta" family="Pentatomidae" genus="Ascra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="468" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B978EADBD708FF8D8E53FBB38409FBC9" box="[799,865,1082,1105]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="468">Ascra</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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but we cannot ignore the importance of these bugs to the culture of the Mexican people and particularly the entomophagy carried out for centuries. Thus, we present a brief review from literature and internet sites concerning species from
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<taxonomicName id="4C0C4D4AD708FF8D8EE0FB0B8485FB01" box="[940,1005,1154,1177]" class="Insecta" family="Pentatomidae" genus="Ascra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="468" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B978EADBD708FF8D8EE0FB0B8485FB01" box="[940,1005,1154,1177]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="468">Ascra</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and other edessines.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BB336C9D708FF8D8D8BFB2C8573F82A" blockId="23.[151,1437,1081,1970]" pageId="23" pageNumber="468">
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The natural history of all species belonging to this genus is almost completely unknown to science or the general public with the exception of indigenous people from Guerrero state in
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<collectingCountry id="F31B7659D708FF8D896AFB408316FB7A" box="[1062,1150,1225,1250]" name="Mexico" pageId="23" pageNumber="468">Mexico</collectingCountry>
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, where some species are important in the traditional or pre-Hispanic dishes. In Taxco region of Guerrero these bugs are called “jumiles” and several images and videos showing how to use them on meals can be found on internet (searching for “jumiles”). Other important sources of information presented below are articles on edible insects (e.g.
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<bibRefCitation id="EF9D4B38D708FF8D89CBFABF8277FAD6" author="Ancona" box="[1159,1311,1334,1358]" pageId="23" pageNumber="468" refString="Ancona, L. H. (1932) Los Jumiles de Taxco (Gro.) Atizies taxcoensis spec. nov. Anales del Instituto de Biologia, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, 3, 149 - 162." type="journal article" year="1932">Ancona 1932</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="EF9D4B38D708FF8D8866FABF87BBFAEA" author="De" pageId="23" pageNumber="468" refString="De Foliart, G. R. (2002) The human use of insects as food resource: A Bibliographic Account in Progress. Chapter 3. The Use of Insects as Food in Mexico. Online book. Available from: http: // www. food-insects. com / book 7 _ 31 / Chapter % 2003 % 20 MEXICO. htm (accessed 30 June 2015)" type="journal article" year="2002">De Foliart 2002</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="EF9D4B38D708FF8D8DADFAD08575FAEA" author="Ramos-Elorduy" box="[225,541,1369,1394]" pageId="23" pageNumber="468" refString="Ramos-Elorduy, J., Moreno, J. M. P. & Cuevas, S. C. (1998) Insectos comestibles del Estado de Mexico y determinacion de su valor nutrivo. Anales del Instituto de Biologia, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Serie Zoologia, 69 (1), 65 - 104." type="journal article" year="1998">
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Ramos-Elorduy
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<emphasis id="B978EADBD708FF8D8CD0FAD386BFFAEA" box="[412,471,1369,1394]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="468">et al.</emphasis>
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1998
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</bibRefCitation>
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). Different species are collected in the hills where they feed on encino (oak–
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<taxonomicName id="4C0C4D4AD708FF8D8DDBFAF7879DFA0D" box="[151,245,1406,1429]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Fagales" pageId="23" pageNumber="468" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B978EADBD708FF8D8DDBFAF7879DFA0D" box="[151,245,1406,1429]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="468">Quercus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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spp.). They are particularly abundant from November to February and people swarm into the neighboring oak forests to collect them. Hills close to Taxco–Cerro del Huixteco– is the place where each first Monday after the Day of the Dead in November people celebrate–Day of the Jumile. This word “jumil” is not used only for edessines but also for several species belonging to different genera of
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<taxonomicName id="4C0C4D4AD708FF8D8E1EFA608486F99A" box="[850,1006,1513,1538]" class="Insecta" family="Pentatomidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="468" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Pentatomidae</taxonomicName>
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. Edible stink bugs are rich in Iodine, proteins and vitamins from B group and may have analgesic and tranquilizing qualities. Specimens are kept alive until being consumed raw–still alive or freshly killed–in tacos, sauce, or eaten fried or roasted in many dishes. The first record and still the main source of information about “jumiles” is
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<bibRefCitation id="EF9D4B38D708FF8D8EA6F9DF83F0F9F6" author="Ancona" box="[1002,1176,1622,1646]" pageId="23" pageNumber="468" refString="Ancona, L. H. (1932) Los Jumiles de Taxco (Gro.) Atizies taxcoensis spec. nov. Anales del Instituto de Biologia, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, 3, 149 - 162." type="journal article" year="1932">Ancona (1932)</bibRefCitation>
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that described
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<emphasis id="B978EADBD708FF8D881DF9DF8672F909" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="468">Atizies taxocoensis</emphasis>
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that will be treated in our next article. Other species regularly mentioned are
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<taxonomicName id="4C0C4D4AD708FF8D8934F9F08257F909" box="[1144,1343,1657,1682]" class="Insecta" family="Pentatomidae" genus="Edessa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="468" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="conspersa">
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<emphasis id="B978EADBD708FF8D8934F9F08257F909" box="[1144,1343,1657,1682]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="468">Edessa conspersa</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C0C4D4AD708FF8D8800F9F08796F92E" class="Insecta" family="Pentatomidae" genus="Edessa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="468" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cordifera">
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<emphasis id="B978EADBD708FF8D8800F9F08796F92E" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="468">Edessa cordifera</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C0C4D4AD708FF8D8C5DF91486BFF92D" box="[273,471,1693,1718]" class="Insecta" family="Pentatomidae" genus="Edessa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="468" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mexicana">
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<emphasis id="B978EADBD708FF8D8C5DF91486BFF92D" box="[273,471,1693,1718]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="468">Edessa mexicana</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C0C4D4AD708FF8D8CA6F91485ACF92D" box="[490,708,1693,1718]" class="Insecta" family="Pentatomidae" genus="Edessa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="468" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="montezuma">
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<emphasis id="B978EADBD708FF8D8CA6F91485ACF92D" box="[490,708,1693,1718]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="468">Edessa montezuma</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C0C4D4AD708FF8D8F9BF91484EFF92D" box="[727,903,1693,1718]" class="Insecta" family="Pentatomidae" genus="Edessa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="468" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="petersii">
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<emphasis id="B978EADBD708FF8D8F9BF91484EFF92D" box="[727,903,1693,1718]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="468">Edessa petersii</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="4C0C4D4AD708FF8D8E8AF91483ACF92E" box="[966,1220,1693,1718]" class="Insecta" family="Pentatomidae" genus="Edessa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="468" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rufomarginata">
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<emphasis id="B978EADBD708FF8D8E8AF91483ACF92E" box="[966,1220,1693,1718]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="468">Edessa rufomarginata</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EF9D4B38D708FF8D899BF91782F0F92E" author="De" box="[1239,1432,1693,1718]" pageId="23" pageNumber="468" refString="De Foliart, G. R. (2002) The human use of insects as food resource: A Bibliographic Account in Progress. Chapter 3. The Use of Insects as Food in Mexico. Online book. Available from: http: // www. food-insects. com / book 7 _ 31 / Chapter % 2003 % 20 MEXICO. htm (accessed 30 June 2015)" type="journal article" year="2002">De Foliart 2002</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="EF9D4B38D708FF8D8DDBF94886A0F942" author="Ramos-Elorduy" box="[151,456,1729,1754]" pageId="23" pageNumber="468" refString="Ramos-Elorduy, J., Moreno, J. M. P. & Cuevas, S. C. (1998) Insectos comestibles del Estado de Mexico y determinacion de su valor nutrivo. Anales del Instituto de Biologia, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Serie Zoologia, 69 (1), 65 - 104." type="journal article" year="1998">
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Ramos-Elorduy
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<emphasis id="B978EADBD708FF8D8C03F94B86EEF942" box="[335,390,1729,1754]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="468">et al.</emphasis>
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1998
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</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="EF9D4B38D708FF8D8C9FF94885A0F942" author="Ramos-Elorduy" box="[467,712,1729,1754]" pageId="23" pageNumber="468" refString="Ramos-Elorduy, J. (2009) Anthropo-entomophagy: Cultures, evolution and sustainability. Entomological Research, 39, 271 - 288. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1748 - 5967.2009.00238. x" type="journal article" year="2009">Ramos-Elorduy 2009</bibRefCitation>
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). Among them
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<taxonomicName id="4C0C4D4AD708FF8D8E3FF94B8495F941" box="[883,1021,1730,1753]" class="Insecta" family="Pentatomidae" genus="Edessa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="468" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mexicana">
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||
<emphasis id="B978EADBD708FF8D8E3FF94B8495F941" box="[883,1021,1730,1753]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="468">E. mexicana</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="4C0C4D4AD708FF8D897EF94B83B8F941" box="[1074,1232,1730,1753]" class="Insecta" family="Pentatomidae" genus="Edessa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="468" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="montezuma">
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<emphasis id="B978EADBD708FF8D897EF94B83B8F941" box="[1074,1232,1730,1753]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="468">E. montezuma</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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seem to be wrong identifications, because these species are not seen in any image on internet concerning “jumiles”. Another common species that probably are part of the edible Mexican edessines are
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<taxonomicName id="4C0C4D4AD708FF8D8ED9F8838348F8BA" box="[917,1056,1801,1826]" class="Insecta" family="Pentatomidae" genus="Ascra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="468" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bifida">
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<emphasis id="B978EADBD708FF8D8ED9F8838348F8BA" box="[917,1056,1801,1826]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="468">Ascra bifida</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="4C0C4D4AD708FF8D8910F88383B7F8BA" box="[1116,1247,1801,1826]" class="Insecta" family="Pentatomidae" genus="Edessa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="468" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="morbosa">
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<emphasis id="B978EADBD708FF8D8910F88383B7F8BA" box="[1116,1247,1801,1826]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="468">A. morbosa</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. Although these species were never mentioned in literature, photos from internet sites seemed to show them, but only appropriate identification will confirm their identity.
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<taxonomicName id="4C0C4D4AD708FF8D8F3DF8DB844CF8F2" box="[625,804,1873,1898]" class="Insecta" family="Pentatomidae" genus="Ascra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="468" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cordifera">
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<emphasis id="B978EADBD708FF8D8F3DF8DB844CF8F2" box="[625,804,1873,1898]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="468">Ascra cordifera</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="4C0C4D4AD708FF8D8E2DF8DB849DF8F1" box="[865,1013,1874,1897]" class="Insecta" family="Pentatomidae" genus="Edessa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="468" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="conspersa">
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<emphasis id="B978EADBD708FF8D8E2DF8DB849DF8F1" box="[865,1013,1874,1897]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="468">A. conspersa</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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/
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0C4D4AD708FF8D8EB0F8DB83E9F8F2" box="[1020,1153,1873,1898]" class="Insecta" family="Pentatomidae" genus="Edessa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="468" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="morbosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B978EADBD708FF8D8EB0F8DB83E9F8F2" box="[1020,1153,1873,1898]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="468">A. morbosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are frequently found on internet. Lastly, it has been documented that other species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0C4D4AD708FF8D8E03F8FF84F8F815" box="[847,912,1910,1933]" class="Insecta" family="Pentatomidae" genus="Ascra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="468" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B978EADBD708FF8D8E03F8FF84F8F815" box="[847,912,1910,1933]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="468">Ascra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, for example
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0C4D4AD708FF8D897CF8FF83BAF816" box="[1072,1234,1909,1934]" class="Insecta" family="Pentatomidae" genus="Ascra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="468" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vluteum" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B978EADBD708FF8D897CF8FF83BAF816" box="[1072,1234,1909,1934]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="468">Ascra vluteum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B978EADBD708FF8D8996F8FC8272F816" bold="true" box="[1242,1306,1909,1934]" pageId="23" pageNumber="468">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24B57A0D708FF8D8996F8FC8272F816" box="[1242,1306,1909,1934]" pageId="23" pageNumber="468" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
, have been used in the preparation of burritos.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |