139 lines
16 KiB
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139 lines
16 KiB
XML
<document id="F030FA80F7018DA96D184DE1B9EF2FE5" ID-DOI="10.1093/isd/ixab025" ID-ISSN="2399-3421" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7182517" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1665268061086" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Ward, Philip S. & Branstetter, Michael G." docDate="2022" docId="0394878EFFE9FFC5BB91FE7CBFDEF897" docLanguage="en" docName="InsectSystDivers.6.1.4.1-31.pdf" docOrigin="Insect Systematics and Diversity (AIFB) 6 (1)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/isd/ixab025" docStyle="DocumentStyle:20C34595BA01015AC07A3B955E96DF74.8:InsectSystDivers.2017-.journal_article" docStyleId="20C34595BA01015AC07A3B955E96DF74" docStyleName="InsectSystDivers.2017-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="8" docTitle="Pseudomyrmex elongatulus" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="9" masterDocId="FFADFFF6FFE1FFCDBB03FFBDBE0EFF97" masterDocTitle="Species Paraphyly and Social Parasitism: Phylogenomics, Morphology, and Geography Clarify the Evolution of the Pseudomyrmex elongatulus Group (Hymenoptera:" masterLastPageNumber="31" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="9" updateTime="1699375543922" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="3C5EFDBA477B825B83D8A5506E1C7E6D">Species Paraphyly and Social Parasitism: Phylogenomics, Morphology, and Geography Clarify the Evolution of the Pseudomyrmex elongatulus Group (Hymenoptera:</mods:title>
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<mods:roleTerm id="F79F672DD151EC4CC592843E76022F9D">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="83F5C901692D85C419E9C01B2280E45C">Ward, Philip S.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="D25F0BC9CB77BCA2E4B891CC6D4E85C6">Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA,</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:roleTerm id="0AF0C9353616F8E4FBFA6C59767FF3ED">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="EBBE5364C2E5C3C65FC8298B8589D15C">Branstetter, Michael G.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="21F2B0E260B3EEDA7073A2D876553BFB">U. S. Department of Agriculture,</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="23674A689B792BABE3DCADFA9EA30D60">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="F72C9ABDD47FFAB8E0CD6991D6C86A97">Insect Systematics and Diversity</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="6C83E89FFFE5825B17E374E0301B236F">2022</mods:date>
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<mods:title id="4110FD4CC7B23B170404F9B8578C4106">AIFB</mods:title>
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<mods:number id="32872BEA264FA3445C23FEAAB8594E2F">2022-01-25</mods:number>
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<mods:url id="3C456782CBFE23A6B84F4BC186CE8FE0">http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/isd/ixab025</mods:url>
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<mods:identifier id="1B84665AC9021AC0D1077494A5D51161" type="DOI">10.1093/isd/ixab025</mods:identifier>
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<subSubSection id="C3276513FFE9FFC5BB91FE7CBFDAFE42" box="[146,468,449,469]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B823698FFE9FFC5BB91FE7CBFDAFE42" blockId="8.[144,772,449,1291]" box="[146,468,449,469]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
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<heading id="D0CA81F4FFE9FFC5BB91FE7CBFDAFE42" box="[146,468,449,469]" fontSize="8" level="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" reason="4">
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<emphasis id="B949EA8AFFE9FFC5BB91FE7CBFDAFE42" bold="true" box="[146,468,449,469]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
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<taxonomicName id="4C3D4D1BFFE9FFC5BB91FE7CBF9CFE43" ID-CoL="6WFHW" baseAuthorityName="Dalle Torre" baseAuthorityYear="1892" box="[146,402,449,468]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pseudomyrmex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="elongatulus">
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<emphasis id="B949EA8AFFE9FFC5BB91FE7CBF9CFE43" bold="true" box="[146,402,449,468]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Pseudomyrmex elongatulus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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Group
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3276513FFE9FFC5BB91FE62BFDEF897" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8B823698FFE9FFC5BB91FE62BC1FFA9C" blockId="8.[144,772,449,1291]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
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<emphasis id="B949EA8AFFE9FFC5BB91FE62BF4FFE65" box="[146,321,479,499]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Worker Diagnosis.</emphasis>
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Moderate in size (HW 0.82–1.21, LHT 0.68– 1.12), with a variably elongate head (CI 0.67–0.96), and medium to large eyes (REL 0.38–0.59, REL2 0.46–0.66). Masticatory margin of mandible with 5–6 teeth; mesial tooth on basal margin closer to apicobasal angle than to proximal tooth. Palp formula 6,4. Median clypeal lobe laterally rounded. Frontal carinae separated by basal scape width or less (FCI 0.02–0.07). Profemur relatively slender in most species (FI 0.37–0.49). Pronotal humeri and lateral margins of pronotum rounded. Metanotal groove varying from moderately impressed to absent. Basal and declivitous faces of propodeum weakly to moderately differentiated and usually subequal in length, in profile the juncture between the two gently rounded. Petiole relatively long and slender (PL/HL 0.48–0.69; EL/PL 0.72–0.90), much longer than high or wide (PLI 0.43–0.61, PWI 0.41–0.58); petiole with small anteroventral tooth; anterior peduncle of petiole weakly to moderately differentiated. Postpetiole broader than long, with small anteroventral tooth. Body sculpture punctulate-coriarious to coriarious-imbricate, the integument sublucid to opaque; dorsum of head never with extensive smooth, shiny interspaces; punctulae usually separated by their diameters or less. Standing pilosity generally sparse, nearly always absent from the extensor faces of tibiae, and usually present as 1–2 pairs on the pronotum, petiole, and postpetiole, while being absent from mesonotum and propodeum (MSC 2–8); one exceptional species with greater amounts of pilosity (MSC 23–28, HTC 0, MTC 1–2) including on the mesonotum and propodeum. Appressed pubescence dense but short on most of body, including head and abdominal tergite IV. Color varying from light yellow- or orange-brown to dark brownish-black, often variously bicolored.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B823698FFE9FFC5BB91FA88BFDEF897" blockId="8.[145,771,1332,1792]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
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<emphasis id="B949EA8AFFE9FFC5BB91FA88BEF7FADF" box="[146,249,1333,1352]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Comments.</emphasis>
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In an earlier synopsis of
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<taxonomicName id="4C3D4D1BFFE9FFC5BAEEFA89BCB5FADF" box="[493,699,1332,1352]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
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<emphasis id="B949EA8AFFE9FFC5BAEEFA89BC78FADF" box="[493,630,1332,1352]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Pseudomyrmex</emphasis>
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species
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</taxonomicName>
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groups (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAC4B69FFE9FFC5BB9BFAECBF0AFAF2" author="Ward, P. S." box="[152,260,1361,1381]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="393 - 468" refId="ref41290" refString="Ward, P. S. 1989. Systematic studies on pseudomyrmecine ants: revision of the Pseudomyrmex oculatus and P. subtilissimus species groups, with taxonomic comments on other species. Quaest. Entomol. 25: 393 - 468." type="journal article" year="1989">Ward 1989</bibRefCitation>
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), the
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<taxonomicName id="4C3D4D1BFFE9FFC5BA47FAEFBFCBFAF2" baseAuthorityName="Dalle Torre" baseAuthorityYear="1892" box="[324,453,1361,1381]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pseudomyrmex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="elongatulus">
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<emphasis id="B949EA8AFFE9FFC5BA47FAEFBFCBFAF2" box="[324,453,1361,1381]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">P. elongatulus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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group was subsumed under the
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<taxonomicName id="4C3D4D1BFFE9FFC5BB91FACDBEE9FA14" baseAuthorityName="Mayr" baseAuthorityYear="1870" box="[146,231,1391,1411]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pseudomyrmex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pallens">
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<emphasis id="B949EA8AFFE9FFC5BB91FACDBEE9FA14" box="[146,231,1391,1411]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">P. pallens</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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group. The two groups share a number of similar worker characteristics (6,4 palp formula, 5–6 teeth on the masticatory margin of the mandibles, and laterally rounded median clypeal lobe) but molecular studies have demonstrated that they are not closely related (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAC4B69FFE9FFC5B9D2FA7ABF3FFA6F" author="Ward, P. S. & D. A. Downie" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="310 - 335" refId="ref41508" refString="Ward, P. S., and D. A. Downie. 2005. The ant subfamily Pseudomyrmecinae (Hymenoptera: Formicidae): phylogeny and evolution of big-eyed arboreal ants. Syst. Entomol. 30: 310 - 335." type="journal article" year="2005">Ward and Downie 2005</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAC4B69FFE9FFC5BA39FA59BFFCFA6F" author="Chomicki, G. & P. S. Ward & S. Renner" box="[314,498,1508,1528]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="20152200" refId="ref37569" refString="Chomicki, G., P. S. Ward, and S. Renner. 2015. Macroevolutionary assembly of ant / plant symbioses: Pseudomyrmex ants and their ant-housing plants in the Neotropics. Proc. R. Soc. B. 282: 20152200." type="journal article" year="2015">Chomicki et al. 2015</bibRefCitation>
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). A recent worker-based key to
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<taxonomicName id="4C3D4D1BFFE9FFC5BB92F9BCBF54F982" box="[145,346,1537,1557]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
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<emphasis id="B949EA8AFFE9FFC5BB92F9BCBF14F982" box="[145,282,1537,1557]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Pseudomyrmex</emphasis>
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species
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</taxonomicName>
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groups (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAC4B69FFE9FFC5BAA6F9BCBC06F982" author="Ward, P. S." box="[421,520,1537,1557]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="524 - 542" refId="ref41419" refString="Ward, P. S. 2017. A review of the Pseudomyrmex ferrugineus and Pseudomyrmex goeldii species groups: acacia-ants and their relatives (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Zootaxa. 4227: 524 - 542." type="journal article" year="2017">Ward 2017</bibRefCitation>
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) separated the
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<taxonomicName id="4C3D4D1BFFE9FFC5B984F9BFBD0EF982" baseAuthorityName="Dalle Torre" baseAuthorityYear="1892" box="[647,768,1537,1557]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pseudomyrmex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="elongatulus">
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<emphasis id="B949EA8AFFE9FFC5B984F9BFBD0EF982" box="[647,768,1537,1557]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">P.elongatulus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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group and
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<taxonomicName id="4C3D4D1BFFE9FFC5BBF5F99DBF44F9A4" baseAuthorityName="Mayr" baseAuthorityYear="1870" box="[246,330,1567,1587]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pseudomyrmex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pallens">
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<emphasis id="B949EA8AFFE9FFC5BBF5F99DBF44F9A4" box="[246,330,1567,1587]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">P. pallens</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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group primarily by geography: the species in the
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<taxonomicName id="4C3D4D1BFFE9FFC5BB90F980BEEAF9C7" baseAuthorityName="Mayr" baseAuthorityYear="1870" box="[147,228,1596,1616]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pseudomyrmex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pallens">
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<emphasis id="B949EA8AFFE9FFC5BB90F980BEEAF9C7" box="[147,228,1596,1616]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">P. pallens</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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group are almost wholly confined to South America, with just one species,
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<taxonomicName id="4C3D4D1BFFE9FFC5BA00F9E7BF56F9FA" baseAuthorityName="Mayr" baseAuthorityYear="1870" box="[259,344,1625,1645]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pseudomyrmex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pallens">
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<emphasis id="B949EA8AFFE9FFC5BA00F9E7BF56F9FA" box="[259,344,1625,1645]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">P. pallens</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, extending north of
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<collectingCountry id="F32A7608FFE9FFC5B914F9E4BC61F9FA" box="[535,623,1625,1645]" name="Colombia" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Colombia</collectingCountry>
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as far as
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<collectingCountry id="F32A7608FFE9FFC5B9CDF9E4BEB2F91C" name="Costa Rica" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
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, while the
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<taxonomicName id="4C3D4D1BFFE9FFC5BA1DF9C5BF97F91C" baseAuthorityName="Dalle Torre" baseAuthorityYear="1892" box="[286,409,1655,1675]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pseudomyrmex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="elongatulus">
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<emphasis id="B949EA8AFFE9FFC5BA1DF9C5BF97F91C" box="[286,409,1655,1675]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">P. elongatulus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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group occurs from southwestern
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<collectingCountry id="F32A7608FFE9FFC5B9C5F9CABECBF93F" name="United States of America" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">United States</collectingCountry>
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to
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<collectingCountry id="F32A7608FFE9FFC5BBE1F929BF4AF93F" box="[226,324,1684,1704]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
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.Workers of the one overlapping species,
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<taxonomicName id="4C3D4D1BFFE9FFC5B9A9F928BCF2F93F" baseAuthorityName="Mayr" baseAuthorityYear="1870" box="[682,764,1684,1704]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pseudomyrmex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pallens">
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<emphasis id="B949EA8AFFE9FFC5B9A9F928BCF2F93F" box="[682,764,1684,1704]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">P. pallens</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, can be distinguished from those of the
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<taxonomicName id="4C3D4D1BFFE9FFC5BAE1F90FBC55F952" baseAuthorityName="Dalle Torre" baseAuthorityYear="1892" box="[482,603,1713,1733]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pseudomyrmex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="elongatulus">
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<emphasis id="B949EA8AFFE9FFC5BAE1F90FBC55F952" box="[482,603,1713,1733]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">P. elongatulus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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group by the combination of dense standing pilosity (MSC 13–28) and long eyes relative to petiole length (EL/PL 0.91–1.20).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |