461 lines
54 KiB
XML
461 lines
54 KiB
XML
<document id="131E0E909B1DCD7ADCCCCC483ABD13E8" ID-CLB-Dataset="23661" ID-DOI="10.5252/geodiversitas2019v41a6" ID-GBIF-Dataset="92b65e86-0bc4-41ae-adfc-3833a409115b" ID-ISSN="1638-9395" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3699952" ID-ZooBank="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:619EB4F8-90CD-4559-8B78-2BA79210F73B" approvalRequired="1" approvalRequired_for_illustrations="1" checkinTime="1583514864304" checkinUser="valdenar" docAuthor="Werdelin, Lars" docDate="2019" docId="B27C87E23542FF89B3D3FB43FA618C5E" docLanguage="en" docName="GEODIVERSITAS.41.6.267-283.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Geodiversitas 41 (6)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:F830B10FF475E64C1F1601E3B32DDC00.3:Geodiversitas.2018-.journal_article" docStyleId="F830B10FF475E64C1F1601E3B32DDC00" docStyleName="Geodiversitas.2018-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Dissopsalis pyroclasticus Savage 1965" docType="treatment" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="280" masterDocId="4E45FF9A354FFF86B071FFF6FFC48D6D" masterDocTitle="Middle Miocene Carnivora and Hyaenodonta from Fort Ternan, western Kenya" masterLastPageNumber="283" masterPageNumber="267" pageNumber="278" updateTime="1685912979717" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC0-1.0" zenodo-license-figures="CC0-1.0">
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<mods:title id="9346FF2EC499C7601D9B8B34A1799DEA">Middle Miocene Carnivora and Hyaenodonta from Fort Ternan, western Kenya</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="FA5ED5B7B2EE87855187415FED98E9E8">Werdelin, Lars</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="15FAD1477CFA9F2ED164309F52ABB4E5">Geodiversitas</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="3453E73C894AE578B6D42186C9AB593B">
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<mods:date id="D78716D83E717665078EEB90BB52520D">2019</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="B7FDCFBB57D0006724F6D752AB4C2AA3">2019-03-21</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="995185D69DEE3D40AE07FB6B33759A83">41</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="0410E4AD9727B07155B76945EA82CFC8" type="DOI">10.5252/geodiversitas2019v41a6</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="B27C87E23542FF89B3D3FB43FA618C5E" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3704554" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3704554" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:B27C87E23542FF89B3D3FB43FA618C5E" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/B27C87E23542FF89B3D3FB43FA618C5E" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="280" pageId="13" pageNumber="278">
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<subSubSection id="72CF657F3542FF8BB3D3FB43FAFD89BC" box="[930,1337,1205,1233]" pageId="13" pageNumber="278" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="3A6A36F43542FF8BB3D3FB43FAFD89BC" blockId="13.[930,1337,1205,1233]" box="[930,1337,1205,1233]" pageId="13" pageNumber="278">
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<heading id="612281983542FF8BB3D3FB43FAFD89BC" box="[930,1337,1205,1233]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="13" pageNumber="278" reason="2">
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<taxonomicName id="FDD54D773542FF8BB3D3FB43FAFD89BC" authority="Savage, 1965" authorityName="Savage" authorityYear="1965" box="[930,1337,1205,1233]" class="Mammalia" family="Hyaenodontidae" genus="Dissopsalis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Creodonta" pageId="13" pageNumber="278" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pyroclasticus">
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<emphasis id="08A1EAE63542FF8BB3D3FB43FB6089BD" bold="true" box="[930,1188,1205,1232]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="278">Dissopsalis pyroclasticus</emphasis>
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||
<bibRefCitation id="5E444B053542FF8BB4DAFB40FAFD89BC" author="SAVAGE R. J. G." box="[1195,1337,1206,1233]" pageId="13" pageNumber="278" pagination="239 - 316" refId="ref15328" refString="SAVAGE R. J. G. 1965. - Fossil mammals of Africa: 19. The Miocene Carnivora of East Africa. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) Geology 10: 239 - 316. http: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 36359760" type="journal article" year="1965">Savage, 1965</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="72CF657F3542FF8BB35CFB18FB10886B" box="[813,1236,1262,1287]" pageId="13" pageNumber="278" type="reference_group">
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||
<paragraph id="3A6A36F43542FF8BB35CFB18FB10886B" blockId="13.[813,1236,1262,1287]" box="[813,1236,1262,1287]" pageId="13" pageNumber="278">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="1AC511DA3542FF8BB35CFB18FB10886B" box="[813,1236,1262,1287]" pageId="13" pageNumber="278">
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<taxonomicName id="FDD54D773542FF8BB35CFB18FBC3886B" authorityName="Savage" authorityYear="1965" box="[813,1031,1262,1286]" class="Mammalia" family="Hyaenodontidae" genus="Dissopsalis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Creodonta" pageId="13" pageNumber="278" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pyroclasticus">
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<emphasis id="08A1EAE63542FF8BB35CFB18FBC3886B" box="[813,1031,1262,1286]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="278">Dissopsalis pyroclasticus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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–
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<treatmentCitation id="BB7410E53542FF8BB450FB19FB14886B" author="SAVAGE R. J. G." box="[1057,1232,1262,1287]" page="265" pageId="13" pageNumber="278" year="1965">
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<bibRefCitation id="5E444B053542FF8BB450FB19FB14886B" author="SAVAGE R. J. G." box="[1057,1232,1262,1287]" pageId="13" pageNumber="278" pagination="239 - 316" refId="ref15328" refString="SAVAGE R. J. G. 1965. - Fossil mammals of Africa: 19. The Miocene Carnivora of East Africa. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) Geology 10: 239 - 316. http: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 36359760" type="journal article" year="1965">Savage 1965: 265</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="72CF657F3542FF8BB35CFAE8FB628B22" pageId="13" pageNumber="278" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="3A6A36F43542FF8BB35CFAE8FA74885B" blockId="13.[813,1456,1310,1334]" box="[813,1456,1310,1334]" pageId="13" pageNumber="278">
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<typeStatus id="E56E88563542FF8BB35CFAE8FC98885E" box="[813,860,1310,1334]" pageId="13" pageNumber="278">
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<collectionCode id="5CC4AE313542FF8BB35CFAE8FC98885E" box="[813,860,1310,1334]" pageId="13" pageNumber="278">TYPE</collectionCode>
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</typeStatus>
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<collectionCode id="5CC4AE313542FF8BB32EFAD5FC738859" box="[863,951,1315,1332]" pageId="13" pageNumber="278">SPECIMEN</collectionCode>
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. —
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<collectionCode id="5CC4AE313542FF8BB3AFFAE9FBF9885B" box="[990,1085,1311,1334]" country="United Kingdom" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" name="Natural History Museum, London" pageId="13" pageNumber="278" type="Museum">NHMUK</collectionCode>
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<accessionNumber id="2586AB173542FF8BB430FAE8FB52885B" box="[1089,1174,1310,1334]" httpUri="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nucleotide/M19082" pageId="13" pageNumber="278">M19082</accessionNumber>
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, Mandible corpus with p4-m3.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="3A6A36F43542FF8BB35CFABBFC7D88EC" blockId="13.[813,1456,1357,1409]" pageId="13" pageNumber="278">
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<typeStatus id="E56E88563542FF8BB35CFABBFC9B880E" box="[813,863,1357,1381]" pageId="13" pageNumber="278">
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<collectionCode id="5CC4AE313542FF8BB35CFABBFC9B880E" box="[813,863,1357,1381]" pageId="13" pageNumber="278">TYPE</collectionCode>
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</typeStatus>
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<collectionCode id="5CC4AE313542FF8BB317FAA4FC07880E" box="[870,963,1362,1379]" pageId="13" pageNumber="278">LOCALITY</collectionCode>
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. — Kaboor (= Maboko, cf.
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<bibRefCitation id="5E444B053542FF8BB497FAB8FCA488ED" author="MORALES J. & PICKFORD M." pageId="13" pageNumber="278" pagination="332 - 359" refId="ref14647" refString="MORALES J. & PICKFORD M. 2017. - New hyaenodonts (Ferae, Mammalia) from the early Miocene of Napak (Uganda), Koru (Kenya) and Grillental (Namibia). Fossil Imprint 73: 332 - 359. https: // doi. org / 10.2478 / if- 2017 - 0019" type="journal article" year="2017">Morales & Pickford 2017</bibRefCitation>
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),
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<collectingCountry id="42C276643542FF8BB305FA9FFC7188EC" box="[884,949,1385,1409]" name="Kenya" pageId="13" pageNumber="278">Kenya</collectingCountry>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="3A6A36F43542FF8BB35CFA61FB628B22" blockId="13.[813,1456,1431,1615]" pageId="13" pageNumber="278">
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MATERIAL EXAMINED. —
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<materialsCitation id="8ABD3CA93542FF8BB46AFA6EFB668B22" pageId="13" pageNumber="278">KNM-FT 3357, left maxilla fragment with alveoli for dP1-dP2, complete dP3-dP4, alveolus for M1; KNM-FT 3375c, right P2; KNM-FT 3375f, right dP4; KNM-FT 3562b, left p3-p4; KNM-FT 3562e, left m2-m3; KNM-FT 13770, right m3; KNM-FT 13771, right m2; KNM-FT 13772, left m2; KNM-FT 14125, left m3; KNM-FT 15092, left M1. Tentatively referred specimen: KNM-FT 14217, left?dP2</materialsCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="72CF657F3542FF89B35CF982FA618C5E" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="280" pageId="13" pageNumber="278" type="description">
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<paragraph id="3A6A36F43542FF8BB35CF982FC798BE1" blockId="13.[813,1455,1652,1774]" box="[813,957,1652,1678]" pageId="13" pageNumber="278">DESCRIPTION</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="3A6A36F43542FF8BB35CF963FC108BC3" blockId="13.[813,1455,1652,1774]" box="[813,980,1684,1710]" pageId="13" pageNumber="278">
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<emphasis id="08A1EAE63542FF8BB35CF963FC108BC3" box="[813,980,1684,1710]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="278">KNM-FT 3357</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="3A6A36F43542FF8BB35CF942FB5C8B83" blockId="13.[813,1455,1652,1774]" pageId="13" pageNumber="278">
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This specimen was fully described by
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<bibRefCitation id="5E444B053542FF8BB4DCF942FA6B8BA2" author="BORTHS M. R. & STEVENS N. J." box="[1197,1455,1716,1743]" pageId="13" pageNumber="278" pagination="1 - 34" refId="ref13275" refString="BORTHS M. R. & STEVENS N. J. 2017. - Deciduous dentition and dental eruption of Hyainailouroidea (Hyaenodonta, " Creodonta ", Placentalia, Mammalia). Palaeontologia Electronica 20.3.55 A: 1 - 34. https: // doi. org / 10.26879 / 776" type="book chapter" year="2017">Borths & Stevens (2017)</bibRefCitation>
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and need not be redescribed here.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="3A6A36F43542FF8BB35CF8E5FA6B8A43" blockId="13.[813,1455,1811,1838]" box="[813,1455,1811,1838]" pageId="13" pageNumber="278">
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<emphasis id="08A1EAE63542FF8BB35CF8E5FC0E8A40" bold="true" box="[813,970,1811,1837]" pageId="13" pageNumber="278">Measurements.</emphasis>
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LdP3 15.6; WdP3 9.5; LdP4 15.8; WadP4 13.0.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="3A6A36F43542FF8BB35CF8A2FC198A03" blockId="13.[813,1455,1876,2030]" box="[813,989,1876,1902]" pageId="13" pageNumber="278">
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<emphasis id="08A1EAE63542FF8BB35CF8A2FC198A03" box="[813,989,1876,1902]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="278">KNM-FT 3375c</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="3A6A36F43542FF88B35CF882FE5B8C59" blockId="13.[813,1455,1876,2030]" lastBlockId="14.[132,775,217,308]" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="279" pageId="13" pageNumber="278">A small, slender P2. There is no mesial accessory cusp, but a small bump on the mesial end of the cingulum. The main cusp is low but robust. The distal accessory cusp is prominent and separated from the main cusp by a wide notch. It is a little less than half the height of the main cusp. Most characteristic of the tooth is the prominent cingulum that encircles the entire crown.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="3A6A36F43541FF88B0F5FEAEFDCB8C1E" blockId="14.[132,527,344,371]" box="[132,527,344,371]" pageId="14" pageNumber="279">
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<emphasis id="08A1EAE63541FF88B0F5FEAEFEE88C1F" bold="true" box="[132,300,344,370]" pageId="14" pageNumber="279">Measurements.</emphasis>
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LP2 12.0; WP2 7.6.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="3A6A36F43541FF88B0F5FE6FFEF78CDE" blockId="14.[132,775,409,531]" box="[132,307,409,435]" pageId="14" pageNumber="279">
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<emphasis id="08A1EAE63541FF88B0F5FE6FFEF78CDE" box="[132,307,409,435]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="279">KNM-FT 3375f</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="3A6A36F43541FF88B0F5FE4FFD7A8F7E" blockId="14.[132,775,409,531]" pageId="14" pageNumber="279">
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To all intents and purposes this tooth is identical in morphology to the dP4 of KNM-FT 3357 and I therefore refer to the description of the latter by
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<bibRefCitation id="5E444B053541FF88B1D8FE0EFD7D8F7E" author="BORTHS M. R. & STEVENS N. J." box="[425,697,504,531]" pageId="14" pageNumber="279" pagination="1 - 34" refId="ref13275" refString="BORTHS M. R. & STEVENS N. J. 2017. - Deciduous dentition and dental eruption of Hyainailouroidea (Hyaenodonta, " Creodonta ", Placentalia, Mammalia). Palaeontologia Electronica 20.3.55 A: 1 - 34. https: // doi. org / 10.26879 / 776" type="book chapter" year="2017">Borths & Stevens (2017)</bibRefCitation>
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||
.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="3A6A36F43541FF88B0F5FDC1FDFF8F3F" blockId="14.[132,571,567,594]" box="[132,571,567,594]" pageId="14" pageNumber="279">
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<emphasis id="08A1EAE63541FF88B0F5FDC1FEE88F3C" bold="true" box="[132,300,567,593]" pageId="14" pageNumber="279">Measurements.</emphasis>
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LdP4 16.1; WadP4 14.1
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="3A6A36F43541FF88B0F5FD8EFEFD8FFF" blockId="14.[132,775,632,1041]" box="[132,313,632,658]" pageId="14" pageNumber="279">
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<emphasis id="08A1EAE63541FF88B0F5FD8EFEFD8FFF" box="[132,313,632,658]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="279">KNM-FT 3562b</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="3A6A36F43541FF88B0F5FD6EFCC3897D" blockId="14.[132,775,632,1041]" pageId="14" pageNumber="279">A corpus fragment with damaged p3-p4. The p3 has broken off and is glued in a position that is dorsal to its position in life. The p2 is short and broad. There is no mesial accessory cusp in evidence although a very small one may have been present in the unworn tooth. The main cusp is nearly round in occlusal view. It has a short distal shelf and would have had a low distal accessory cusp that is now almost completely worn down. The p4 is more elongated than p3 but is still broad and robust. The mesial end rises straight to the main cusp without a mesial accessory cusp. The main cusp is oval in occlusal view. There is no distal accessory cusp preserved although there may have been a low one in the unworn tooth.</paragraph>
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<caption id="6EAA667C3541FF88B35CFCB3FB418EA4" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3699960" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3699960" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3699960/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="279" startId="14.[813,824,837,855]" targetBox="[825,1448,215,794]" targetPageId="14">
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||
<paragraph id="3A6A36F43541FF88B35CFCB3FB418EA4" blockId="14.[813,1457,837,969]" pageId="14" pageNumber="279">
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FIG. 5. — Hyaenodonta from Fort Ternan:
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<emphasis id="08A1EAE63541FF88B4E5FCB3FB6A8E3A" bold="true" box="[1172,1198,837,855]" pageId="14" pageNumber="279">A -I</emphasis>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="FDD54D773541FF88B4CBFCB3FA6E8E3A" authorityName="Savage" authorityYear="1965" box="[1210,1450,837,855]" class="Mammalia" family="Hyaenodontidae" genus="Dissopsalis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Creodonta" pageId="14" pageNumber="279" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pyroclasticus">
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<emphasis id="08A1EAE63541FF88B4CBFCB3FADD8E3A" box="[1210,1305,837,855]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="279">Dissopsalis</emphasis>
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cf.
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<emphasis id="08A1EAE63541FF88B54AFCB3FA6E8E3A" box="[1339,1450,837,855]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="279">pyroclasticus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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;
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<emphasis id="08A1EAE63541FF88B35CFCAAFC8B8E03" bold="true" box="[813,847,860,878]" pageId="14" pageNumber="279">A -C</emphasis>
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, KNM-FT 15092, left M1 in buccal (
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<emphasis id="08A1EAE63541FF88B4FAFCAAFB5C8E03" bold="true" box="[1163,1176,860,878]" pageId="14" pageNumber="279">A</emphasis>
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), lingual (
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<emphasis id="08A1EAE63541FF88B49FFCAAFB3F8E03" bold="true" box="[1262,1275,860,878]" pageId="14" pageNumber="279">B</emphasis>
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), occlusal (
|
||
<emphasis id="08A1EAE63541FF88B52EFCAAFAA98E03" bold="true" box="[1375,1389,860,878]" pageId="14" pageNumber="279">C</emphasis>
|
||
) views;
|
||
<emphasis id="08A1EAE63541FF88B35CFC85FCFF8EE8" bold="true" box="[813,827,883,901]" pageId="14" pageNumber="279">D</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="08A1EAE63541FF88B335FC85FC948EE8" bold="true" box="[836,848,883,901]" pageId="14" pageNumber="279">E</emphasis>
|
||
, KNM-FT 13771,right m2 in buccal (
|
||
<emphasis id="08A1EAE63541FF88B40DFC85FB4E8EE8" bold="true" box="[1148,1162,883,901]" pageId="14" pageNumber="279">D</emphasis>
|
||
), lingual (
|
||
<emphasis id="08A1EAE63541FF88B4A6FC85FB278EE8" bold="true" box="[1239,1251,883,901]" pageId="14" pageNumber="279">E</emphasis>
|
||
), and occlusal (
|
||
<emphasis id="08A1EAE63541FF88B516FC85FAB68EE8" bold="true" box="[1383,1394,883,901]" pageId="14" pageNumber="279">F</emphasis>
|
||
) views;
|
||
<emphasis id="08A1EAE63541FF88B35CFC7FFC8C8EF6" bold="true" box="[813,840,905,923]" pageId="14" pageNumber="279">G -I</emphasis>
|
||
, KNM-FT 13770, right m3 in buccal (
|
||
<emphasis id="08A1EAE63541FF88B40CFC7FFB4F8EF6" bold="true" box="[1149,1163,905,923]" pageId="14" pageNumber="279">G</emphasis>
|
||
), lingual (
|
||
<emphasis id="08A1EAE63541FF88B4ABFC7FFB2C8EF6" bold="true" box="[1242,1256,905,923]" pageId="14" pageNumber="279">H</emphasis>
|
||
), and occlusal (
|
||
<emphasis id="08A1EAE63541FF88B51AFC7FFAB58EF6" bold="true" box="[1387,1393,905,923]" pageId="14" pageNumber="279">I</emphasis>
|
||
) views;
|
||
<emphasis id="08A1EAE63541FF88B35CFC56FCF38EDF" bold="true" box="[813,823,928,946]" pageId="14" pageNumber="279">J</emphasis>
|
||
, Hyainailourinae gen.et sp. indet., KNM-FT 3359,left upper canine in medial view. Scale bars:
|
||
<emphasis id="08A1EAE63541FF88B3CFFC41FC1C8EA4" bold="true" box="[958,984,951,969]" pageId="14" pageNumber="279">A -I</emphasis>
|
||
, 20 mm; J, 100 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="3A6A36F43541FF88B0F5FBC0FD3F893D" blockId="14.[132,763,1078,1105]" box="[132,763,1078,1105]" pageId="14" pageNumber="279">
|
||
<emphasis id="08A1EAE63541FF88B0F5FBC0FEE8893D" bold="true" box="[132,300,1078,1104]" pageId="14" pageNumber="279">Measurements.</emphasis>
|
||
Lp3 14.0; Wp3 9.5; Lp4 17.4; Wp4 10.6.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="3A6A36F43541FF88B0F5FB81FEF189FD" blockId="14.[132,776,1142,1582]" box="[132,309,1142,1168]" pageId="14" pageNumber="279">
|
||
<emphasis id="08A1EAE63541FF88B0F5FB81FEF189FD" box="[132,309,1142,1168]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="279">KNM-FT 3562e</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="3A6A36F43541FF88B0F5FB60FE488B43" blockId="14.[132,776,1142,1582]" pageId="14" pageNumber="279">This corpus fragment includes heavily worn m2-m3. The m2 is short and robust. The paraconid is heavily worn, with a wear facet that includes the apex of the cusp and continues mesially to the mesial end of the tooth. The apex of the protoconid is also worn and broken, making it impossible to adequately compare the proportions of paraconid and protoconid. No metaconid is in evidence. The talonid is long and includes a ridge-like hypoconid, as well as entoconid and entoconulid. The m3 is tall and short. The paraconid and protoconid are about equal in length but the protoconid is the taller cusp. There is a distinct cingulum cusp on the mesiobuccal side of the paraconid. There is no metaconid and the talonid is reduced and ‘V’-shaped.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="3A6A36F43541FF88B0F5F9A2FE468BE3" blockId="14.[132,775,1620,1678]" pageId="14" pageNumber="279">
|
||
<emphasis id="08A1EAE63541FF88B0F5F9A2FEE88B03" bold="true" box="[132,300,1620,1646]" pageId="14" pageNumber="279">Measurements.</emphasis>
|
||
Lm2 15.6; Wm2 9.3; Ltm2 11.9; Lm3 19.3; Wm3 10.1; Ltm3 16.8.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="3A6A36F43541FF88B0F5F943FE728BA3" blockId="14.[132,775,1716,1838]" box="[132,438,1716,1742]" pageId="14" pageNumber="279">
|
||
<emphasis id="08A1EAE63541FF88B0F5F943FE728BA3" box="[132,438,1716,1742]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="279">
|
||
KNM-FT 13770 (
|
||
<figureCitation id="A2EE2A713541FF88B138F943FE438BA3" box="[329,391,1716,1742]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="14.[813,824,837,855]" captionTargetBox="[825,1448,215,794]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[813,1456,209,797]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIG. 5. — Hyaenodonta from Fort Ternan: A-I, Dissopsalis cf. pyroclasticus; A-C, KNM-FT 15092, left M1 in buccal (A), lingual (B), occlusal (C) views; D, E, KNM-FT 13771,right m2 in buccal (D), lingual (E), and occlusal (F) views; G-I, KNM-FT 13770, right m3 in buccal (G), lingual (H), and occlusal (I) views; J, Hyainailourinae gen.et sp. indet., KNM-FT 3359,left upper canine in medial view. Scale bars: A-I, 20 mm; J, 100 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3699960" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3699960/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="279">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
G-I)
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="3A6A36F43541FF88B0F5F922FDDF8A43" blockId="14.[132,775,1716,1838]" pageId="14" pageNumber="279">This tooth is identical in morphology to the m3 of KNM- FT 3562e except that the paraconid of KNM-FT 13770 is distinctly longer than the protoconid.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="3A6A36F43541FF88B0F5F8A5FD588A03" blockId="14.[132,668,1875,1902]" box="[132,668,1875,1902]" pageId="14" pageNumber="279">
|
||
<emphasis id="08A1EAE63541FF88B0F5F8A5FEE88A00" bold="true" box="[132,300,1875,1901]" pageId="14" pageNumber="279">Measurements.</emphasis>
|
||
Lm3 20.2; Wm3 9.5; Ltm3 15.5.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="3A6A36F43541FF88B0F5F862FE798AC0" blockId="14.[132,775,1939,2030]" box="[132,445,1939,1966]" pageId="14" pageNumber="279">
|
||
<emphasis id="08A1EAE63541FF88B0F5F862FE798AC0" box="[132,445,1939,1966]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="279">
|
||
KNM-FT 13771 (
|
||
<figureCitation id="A2EE2A713541FF88B138F862FE438AC3" box="[329,391,1940,1966]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="14.[813,824,837,855]" captionTargetBox="[825,1448,215,794]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[813,1456,209,797]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIG. 5. — Hyaenodonta from Fort Ternan: A-I, Dissopsalis cf. pyroclasticus; A-C, KNM-FT 15092, left M1 in buccal (A), lingual (B), occlusal (C) views; D, E, KNM-FT 13771,right m2 in buccal (D), lingual (E), and occlusal (F) views; G-I, KNM-FT 13770, right m3 in buccal (G), lingual (H), and occlusal (I) views; J, Hyainailourinae gen.et sp. indet., KNM-FT 3359,left upper canine in medial view. Scale bars: A-I, 20 mm; J, 100 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3699960" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3699960/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="279">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
D-F)
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="3A6A36F43541FF88B0F5F845FCC38A80" blockId="14.[132,775,1939,2030]" pageId="14" pageNumber="279">This tooth is identical in morphology to the m2 of KNM- FT 3562e but has a very interesting wear pattern on the</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="3A6A36F43541FF88B35CFBE0FBE289FD" blockId="14.[813,1456,1046,1169]" pageId="14" pageNumber="279">buccal side of the protoconid and talonid that may be due to a specific hard foot item in the diet or to chipping and subsequent wear, possibly caused by some pathology to the occluding upper tooth.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="3A6A36F43541FF88B35CFB43FA8089BC" blockId="14.[813,1348,1205,1233]" box="[813,1348,1205,1233]" pageId="14" pageNumber="279">
|
||
<emphasis id="08A1EAE63541FF88B35CFB43FC1089A2" bold="true" box="[813,980,1205,1231]" pageId="14" pageNumber="279">Measurements.</emphasis>
|
||
Lm2 14.8; Wm2 8.1; Ltm2 10.5.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="3A6A36F43541FF88B35CFB00FC26887D" blockId="14.[813,1455,1270,1487]" box="[813,994,1270,1296]" pageId="14" pageNumber="279">
|
||
<emphasis id="08A1EAE63541FF88B35CFB00FC26887D" box="[813,994,1270,1296]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="279">KNM-FT 13772</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="3A6A36F43541FF88B35CFAE3FC1A88A2" blockId="14.[813,1455,1270,1487]" pageId="14" pageNumber="279">Another specimen that is identical in morphology to the m2s KNM-FT 3562e and KNM-FT 13771. Interestingly, it has a distobuccal wear pattern that is identical to that of KNM- FT 13771, which may suggest that the wear is due to some specific food item and that these two teeth belonged to the same individual.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="3A6A36F43541FF88B35CFA02FA808B62" blockId="14.[813,1348,1524,1551]" box="[813,1348,1524,1551]" pageId="14" pageNumber="279">
|
||
<emphasis id="08A1EAE63541FF88B35CFA02FC108B63" bold="true" box="[813,980,1524,1550]" pageId="14" pageNumber="279">Measurements.</emphasis>
|
||
Lm2 14.6; Wm2 7.8; Ltm2 10.4.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="3A6A36F43541FF88B35CF9C3FC268B23" blockId="14.[813,1455,1588,1711]" box="[813,994,1588,1614]" pageId="14" pageNumber="279">
|
||
<emphasis id="08A1EAE63541FF88B35CF9C3FC268B23" box="[813,994,1588,1614]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="279">KNM-FT 14135</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="3A6A36F43541FF88B35CF9A2FB318BC3" blockId="14.[813,1455,1588,1711]" pageId="14" pageNumber="279">Another m3 that is practically identical in morphology to the m3s KNM-FT 3562e and KNM-FT 13770. Like the latter it has a longer paraconid than protoconid.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="3A6A36F43541FF88B35CF925FA808B83" blockId="14.[813,1348,1747,1774]" box="[813,1348,1747,1774]" pageId="14" pageNumber="279">
|
||
<emphasis id="08A1EAE63541FF88B35CF925FC108B80" bold="true" box="[813,980,1747,1773]" pageId="14" pageNumber="279">Measurements.</emphasis>
|
||
Lm3 19.4; Wm3 9.0; Ltm3 16.4.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="3A6A36F43541FF88B35CF8E2FBA78A43" blockId="14.[813,1456,1812,2030]" box="[813,1123,1812,1838]" pageId="14" pageNumber="279">
|
||
<emphasis id="08A1EAE63541FF88B35CF8E2FBA78A43" box="[813,1123,1812,1838]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="279">
|
||
KNM-FT 15092 (
|
||
<figureCitation id="A2EE2A713541FF88B383F8E2FBEB8A43" box="[1010,1071,1812,1838]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="14.[813,824,837,855]" captionTargetBox="[825,1448,215,794]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[813,1456,209,797]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIG. 5. — Hyaenodonta from Fort Ternan: A-I, Dissopsalis cf. pyroclasticus; A-C, KNM-FT 15092, left M1 in buccal (A), lingual (B), occlusal (C) views; D, E, KNM-FT 13771,right m2 in buccal (D), lingual (E), and occlusal (F) views; G-I, KNM-FT 13770, right m3 in buccal (G), lingual (H), and occlusal (I) views; J, Hyainailourinae gen.et sp. indet., KNM-FT 3359,left upper canine in medial view. Scale bars: A-I, 20 mm; J, 100 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3699960" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3699960/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="279">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
A-C)
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="3A6A36F43541FF89B35CF8C5FEB38E7C" blockId="14.[813,1456,1812,2030]" lastBlockId="15.[132,775,695,785]" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="280" pageId="14" pageNumber="279">This M1 has a protocone shelf that is set at about a 45° angle to the buccal edge of the tooth. The protocone is large but not tall, being significantly lower than the other cusps of the tooth, including the metastyle. The protocone is bordered lingually by a stout basal bulge. The paracone is smaller and lower than the metacone and is round in occlusal view. The metacone is the largest cusp and set closely distal to the paracone. The metacrista is notched and curved. The distal end of the tooth is broken.</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="6EAA667C3540FF89B0B8FF2BFD008D82" ID-Table-UUID="6EAA667C3540FF89B0B8FF2BFD008D82" box="[201,708,221,239]" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/6EAA667C3540FF89B0B8FF2BFD008D82" pageId="15" pageNumber="280" targetBox="[134,774,297,635]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="15">
|
||
<paragraph id="3A6A36F43540FF89B0B8FF2BFD008D82" blockId="15.[201,708,221,239]" box="[201,708,221,239]" pageId="15" pageNumber="280">TABLE 1. — List of identified carnivore taxa from Fort Ternan.</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="3A6A36F43540FF89B177FEDFFD3F8F16" pageId="15" pageNumber="280">
|
||
<table id="48D5C45435400079B0F7FEDFFCC28F16" box="[134,774,297,635]" gridcols="4" gridrows="13" pageId="15" pageNumber="280">
|
||
<tr id="84E534B635400079B0F7FEDFFCC28C53" box="[134,774,297,318]" gridrow="0" pageId="15" pageNumber="280" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-2="1">
|
||
<th id="C7345DCA35400079B177FEDFFE608C53" box="[262,420,297,318]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="15" pageNumber="280">
|
||
<emphasis id="08A1EAE63540FF89B177FEDFFE438C50" bold="true" box="[262,391,297,317]" pageId="15" pageNumber="280">Superfamily/</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="C7345DCA35400079B22BFEDFFCC28C53" box="[602,774,297,318]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="15" pageNumber="280">
|
||
<emphasis id="08A1EAE63540FF89B22BFEDFFD038C50" bold="true" box="[602,711,297,318]" pageId="15" pageNumber="280">Genus and</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="84E534B635400079B0F7FEB4FCC28C3A" box="[134,774,322,343]" gridrow="1" pageId="15" pageNumber="280">
|
||
<th id="C7345DCA35400079B0F7FEB4FF3B8C3A" box="[134,255,322,343]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="15" pageNumber="280">
|
||
<emphasis id="08A1EAE63540FF89B0F7FEB4FF048C3B" bold="true" box="[134,192,322,342]" pageId="15" pageNumber="280">Order</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="C7345DCA35400079B177FEB4FE608C3A" box="[262,420,322,343]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="15" pageNumber="280">
|
||
<emphasis id="08A1EAE63540FF89B177FEB5FE8C8C3A" bold="true" box="[262,328,323,343]" pageId="15" pageNumber="280">Family</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="C7345DCA35400079B1C1FEB4FD838C3A" box="[432,583,322,343]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="15" pageNumber="280">
|
||
<emphasis id="08A1EAE63540FF89B1C1FEB4FDD08C3B" bold="true" box="[432,532,322,342]" pageId="15" pageNumber="280">Subfamily</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="C7345DCA35400079B22BFEB4FCC28C3A" box="[602,774,322,343]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="15" pageNumber="280">
|
||
<emphasis id="08A1EAE63540FF89B22BFEB5FD6C8C3A" bold="true" box="[602,680,323,343]" pageId="15" pageNumber="280">species</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="84E534B635400079B0F7FE90FCC28C17" box="[134,774,358,378]" gridrow="2" pageId="15" pageNumber="280">
|
||
<th id="C7345DCA35400079B0F7FE90FF3B8C17" box="[134,255,358,378]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="15" pageNumber="280">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FDD54D773540FF89B0F7FE90FF268C17" authorityName="Bowdich" authorityYear="1821" box="[134,226,358,378]" class="Mammalia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="15" pageNumber="280" phylum="Chordata" rank="order">Carnivora</taxonomicName>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="C7345DCA35400079B177FE90FE608C17" box="[262,420,358,378]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="15" pageNumber="280">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FDD54D773540FF89B177FE90FE5E8C17" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1866" box="[262,410,358,378]" class="Mammalia" family="Amphicyonidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="15" pageNumber="280" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Amphicyonidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="C7345DCA35400079B1C1FE90FD838C17" box="[432,583,358,378]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="15" pageNumber="280">–</td>
|
||
<td id="C7345DCA35400079B22BFE90FCC28C17" box="[602,774,358,378]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="15" pageNumber="280">
|
||
?
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FDD54D773540FF89B217FE90FCC28C17" authority="Werdelin, 2019" authorityName="Werdelin" authorityYear="2019" box="[614,774,358,378]" class="Mammalia" family="Amphicyonidae" genus="Myacyon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="15" pageNumber="280" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="peignei" status="n. sp.">
|
||
<emphasis id="08A1EAE63540FF89B217FE90FCC28C17" box="[614,774,358,378]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="280">Myacyon peignei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="84E534B635400079B0F7FE76FCC28CF9" box="[134,774,384,404]" gridrow="3" pageId="15" pageNumber="280" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1">
|
||
<td id="C7345DCA35400079B22BFE76FCC28CF9" box="[602,774,384,404]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="15" pageNumber="280">n. sp.</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="84E534B635400079B0F7FE6EFCC28CC1" box="[134,774,408,428]" gridrow="4" pageId="15" pageNumber="280" rowspan-0="1">
|
||
<td id="C7345DCA35400079B177FE6EFE608CC1" box="[262,420,408,428]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="15" pageNumber="280">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FDD54D773540FF89B177FE6EFE5A8CC1" box="[262,414,408,428]" class="Mammalia" family="Barbourofelidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="15" pageNumber="280" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Barbourofelidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="C7345DCA35400079B1C1FE6EFD838CC1" box="[432,583,408,428]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="15" pageNumber="280">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FDD54D773540FF89B1C1FE6EFD838CC1" authorityName="Schultz, Schultz & Martin" authorityYear="1970" box="[432,583,408,428]" class="Mammalia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="15" pageNumber="280" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Barbourofelinae">Barbourofelinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="C7345DCA35400079B22BFE6EFCC28CC1" box="[602,774,408,428]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="15" pageNumber="280">gen. et sp. indet.</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="84E534B635400079B0F7FE46FCC28CA9" box="[134,774,432,452]" gridrow="5" pageId="15" pageNumber="280" rowspan-0="1">
|
||
<td id="C7345DCA35400079B177FE46FE608CA9" box="[262,420,432,452]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="15" pageNumber="280">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FDD54D773540FF89B177FE46FE4F8CA9" authorityName="Werdelin & Solounias" authorityYear="1991" box="[262,395,432,452]" class="Mammalia" family="Percrocutidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="15" pageNumber="280" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Percrocutidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="C7345DCA35400079B1C1FE46FD838CA9" box="[432,583,432,452]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="15" pageNumber="280">–</td>
|
||
<td id="C7345DCA35400079B22BFE46FCC28CA9" box="[602,774,432,452]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="15" pageNumber="280">Percrocuta</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="84E534B635400079B0F7FE3CFCC28CB3" box="[134,774,458,478]" gridrow="6" pageId="15" pageNumber="280" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1">
|
||
<td id="C7345DCA35400079B22BFE3CFCC28CB3" box="[602,774,458,478]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="15" pageNumber="280">tobieni</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="84E534B635400079B0F7FE14FCC28C9B" box="[134,774,482,502]" gridrow="7" pageId="15" pageNumber="280" rowspan-0="1">
|
||
<td id="C7345DCA35400079B177FE14FE608C9B" box="[262,420,482,502]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="15" pageNumber="280">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FDD54D773540FF89B177FE14FEA08C9B" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1821" box="[262,356,482,502]" class="Mammalia" family="Viverridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="15" pageNumber="280" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Viverridae</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="C7345DCA35400079B1C1FE14FD838C9B" box="[432,583,482,502]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="15" pageNumber="280">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FDD54D773540FF89B1C1FE14FDFE8C9B" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1864" box="[432,570,482,502]" class="Mammalia" family="Viverridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="15" pageNumber="280" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Paradoxurinae">Paradoxurinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="C7345DCA35400079B22BFE14FCC28C9B" box="[602,774,482,502]" gridcol="3" gridrow="7" pageId="15" pageNumber="280">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FDD54D773540FF89B22BFE14FD3C8C9B" authorityName="Dehghani & Werdelin" authorityYear="2008" box="[602,760,482,502]" class="Mammalia" family="Viverridae" genus="Kanuites" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="15" pageNumber="280" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lewisae">
|
||
<emphasis id="08A1EAE63540FF89B22BFE14FD3C8C9B" box="[602,760,482,502]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="280">Kanuites lewisae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="84E534B635400079B0F7FE0CFCC28F63" box="[134,774,506,526]" gridrow="8" pageId="15" pageNumber="280" rowspan-0="1">
|
||
<td id="C7345DCA35400079B177FE0CFE608F63" box="[262,420,506,526]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="15" pageNumber="280">–</td>
|
||
<td id="C7345DCA35400079B1C1FE0CFD838F63" box="[432,583,506,526]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="15" pageNumber="280">–</td>
|
||
<td id="C7345DCA35400079B22BFE0CFCC28F63" box="[602,774,506,526]" gridcol="3" gridrow="8" pageId="15" pageNumber="280">
|
||
cf.
|
||
<emphasis id="08A1EAE63540FF89B206FE0CFD138F63" box="[631,727,506,526]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="280">Tugenictis</emphasis>
|
||
sp.
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="84E534B635400079B0F7FDE4FCC28F4B" box="[134,774,530,550]" gridrow="9" pageId="15" pageNumber="280" rowspan-0="1">
|
||
<td id="C7345DCA35400079B177FDE4FE608F4B" box="[262,420,530,550]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="15" pageNumber="280">–</td>
|
||
<td id="C7345DCA35400079B1C1FDE4FD838F4B" box="[432,583,530,550]" gridcol="2" gridrow="9" pageId="15" pageNumber="280">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FDD54D773540FF89B1C1FDE4FDC98F4B" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1821" box="[432,525,530,550]" class="Mammalia" family="Viverridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="15" pageNumber="280" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Viverrinae">Viverrinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="C7345DCA35400079B22BFDE4FCC28F4B" box="[602,774,530,550]" gridcol="3" gridrow="9" pageId="15" pageNumber="280">gen. et sp. indet.</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="84E534B635400079B0F7FDC0FCC28F27" box="[134,774,566,586]" gridrow="10" pageId="15" pageNumber="280">
|
||
<th id="C7345DCA35400079B0F7FDC0FF3B8F27" box="[134,255,566,586]" gridcol="0" gridrow="10" pageId="15" pageNumber="280">Hyaenodonta</th>
|
||
<td id="C7345DCA35400079B177FDC0FE608F27" box="[262,420,566,586]" gridcol="1" gridrow="10" pageId="15" pageNumber="280">Hyainailouroidea</td>
|
||
<td id="C7345DCA35400079B1C1FDC0FD838F27" box="[432,583,566,586]" gridcol="2" gridrow="10" pageId="15" pageNumber="280">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FDD54D773540FF89B1C1FDC0FDFA8F27" box="[432,574,566,586]" pageId="15" pageNumber="280" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Teratodontinae">Teratodontinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="C7345DCA35400079B22BFDC0FCC28F27" box="[602,774,566,586]" gridcol="3" gridrow="10" pageId="15" pageNumber="280">
|
||
<emphasis id="08A1EAE63540FF89B22BFDC0FD008F27" box="[602,708,566,586]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="280">Dissopsalis</emphasis>
|
||
cf.
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="84E534B635400079B0F7FDB9FCC28F0E" box="[134,774,591,611]" gridrow="11" pageId="15" pageNumber="280" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1">
|
||
<td id="C7345DCA35400079B22BFDB9FCC28F0E" box="[602,774,591,611]" gridcol="3" gridrow="11" pageId="15" pageNumber="280">
|
||
<emphasis id="08A1EAE63540FF89B201FDB9FD288F0E" box="[624,748,591,611]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="280">pyroclasticus</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="84E534B635400079B0F7FD91FCC28F16" box="[134,774,615,635]" gridrow="12" pageId="15" pageNumber="280" rowspan-0="1">
|
||
<td id="C7345DCA35400079B177FD91FE608F16" box="[262,420,615,635]" gridcol="1" gridrow="12" pageId="15" pageNumber="280">–</td>
|
||
<td id="C7345DCA35400079B1C1FD91FD838F16" box="[432,583,615,635]" gridcol="2" gridrow="12" pageId="15" pageNumber="280">Hyainailourinae</td>
|
||
<td id="C7345DCA35400079B22BFD91FCC28F16" box="[602,774,615,635]" gridcol="3" gridrow="12" pageId="15" pageNumber="280">gen. et sp. indet.</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="3A6A36F43540FF89B0F5FCC1FCC38E3C" blockId="15.[132,775,823,850]" box="[132,775,823,850]" pageId="15" pageNumber="280">
|
||
<emphasis id="08A1EAE63540FF89B0F5FCC1FEEF8E3C" bold="true" box="[132,299,823,849]" pageId="15" pageNumber="280">Measurements.</emphasis>
|
||
LM1 (buccal) 16.9; WM1 (at paracone) 8.9.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="3A6A36F43540FF89B0F5FC8EFEFE8EFC" blockId="15.[132,775,887,1105]" box="[132,314,887,913]" pageId="15" pageNumber="280">
|
||
<emphasis id="08A1EAE63540FF89B0F5FC8EFEFE8EFC" box="[132,314,887,913]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="280">KNM-FT 14217</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="3A6A36F43540FF89B0F5FC61FCC3893C" blockId="15.[132,775,887,1105]" pageId="15" pageNumber="280">
|
||
The dP2 of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FDD54D773540FF89B175FC61FEB58EDC" authorityName="Pilgrim" authorityYear="1910" box="[260,369,919,945]" class="Mammalia" family="Hyaenodontidae" genus="Dissopsalis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Creodonta" pageId="15" pageNumber="278" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="08A1EAE63540FF89B175FC61FEB58EDC" box="[260,369,919,945]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="280">Dissopsalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is not previously known, so the identification of this specimen as that tooth position is tentative, as is its referral to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FDD54D773540FF89B13FFC20FE7F8E9D" authorityName="Pilgrim" authorityYear="1910" box="[334,443,982,1008]" class="Mammalia" family="Hyaenodontidae" genus="Dissopsalis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Creodonta" pageId="15" pageNumber="278" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="08A1EAE63540FF89B13FFC20FE7F8E9D" box="[334,443,982,1008]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="280">Dissopsalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The tooth is morphologically very similar to the P2 KNM-FT 3375c described above but is slenderer and has an overall less developed cingulum. It is the right size to match the alveoli for dP
|
||
<quantity id="FD2D9B113540FF89B259FBC0FD95893D" box="[552,593,1078,1104]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.08" pageId="15" pageNumber="280" unit="in" value="2.0">2 in</quantity>
|
||
KNM-FT 3357.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="3A6A36F43540FF89B0F5FB83FDED89FC" blockId="15.[132,553,1141,1169]" box="[132,553,1141,1169]" pageId="15" pageNumber="280">
|
||
<emphasis id="08A1EAE63540FF89B0F5FB83FEE889E2" bold="true" box="[132,300,1141,1167]" pageId="15" pageNumber="280">Measurements.</emphasis>
|
||
LdP2 11.6; WdP2 5.4.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="3A6A36F43540FF89B0F5FB43FEC289A3" blockId="15.[132,776,1205,2030]" box="[132,262,1205,1231]" pageId="15" pageNumber="280">DISCUSSION</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="3A6A36F43540FF89B0F5FB20FA618C5E" blockId="15.[132,776,1205,2030]" lastBlockId="15.[813,1456,217,308]" pageId="15" pageNumber="280">
|
||
The
|
||
<typeStatus id="E56E88563540FF89B0C6FB20FF22899D" box="[183,230,1238,1264]" pageId="15" pageNumber="280">type</typeStatus>
|
||
species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FDD54D773540FF89B113FB20FE15899D" authorityName="Pilgrim" authorityYear="1910" box="[354,465,1238,1264]" class="Mammalia" family="Hyaenodontidae" genus="Dissopsalis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Creodonta" pageId="15" pageNumber="278" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="08A1EAE63540FF89B113FB20FE15899D" box="[354,465,1238,1264]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="280">Dissopsalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="08A1EAE63540FF89B190FB20FD9F899D" box="[481,603,1238,1264]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="280">D. carnifex</emphasis>
|
||
, is a fairly well known hyaenodont from the Siwaliks of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="42C276643540FF89B24FFB03FD5C8862" box="[574,664,1269,1295]" name="Pakistan" pageId="15" pageNumber="280">Pakistan</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="42C276643540FF89B2BFFB03FCC38862" box="[718,775,1269,1295]" name="India" pageId="15" pageNumber="280">India</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="5E444B053540FF89B0FFFAE3FEE0885D" author="PILGRIM G. E." box="[142,292,1301,1328]" pageId="15" pageNumber="280" pagination="63 - 71" refId="ref15052" refString="PILGRIM G. E. 1910. - Notices of new mammalian genera and species from the Tertiaries of India. Records of the Geological Survey of India 40: 63 - 71." type="journal article" year="1910">Pilgrim 1910</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="5E444B053540FF89B144FAE0FEAB885D" author="PILGRIM G. E." box="[309,367,1302,1328]" pageId="15" pageNumber="280" pagination="264 - 326" refId="ref15086" refString="PILGRIM G. E. 1913. - Correlation of the Siwaliks with mammal horizons of Europe. Records of the Geological Survey of India 43: 264 - 326." type="journal article" year="1913">1913</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="5E444B053540FF89B1F1FAE0FE7E885D" author="PILGRIM G. E." box="[384,442,1302,1328]" pageId="15" pageNumber="280" pagination="265 - 279" refId="ref15117" refString="PILGRIM G. E. 1914. - Description of teeth referable to the lower Siwalik creodont genus Dissopsalis, Pilgrim. Records of the Geological Survey of India 44: 265 - 279." type="journal article" year="1914">1914</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="5E444B053540FF89B1BAFAE3FDA0885D" author="COLBERT E. H." box="[459,612,1301,1328]" pageId="15" pageNumber="280" pagination="1 - 8" refId="ref13555" refString="COLBERT E. H. 1933. - The skull of Dissopsalis carnifex Pilgrim, a Miocene creodont from India. American Museum Novitates 603: 1 - 8. http: // hdl. handle. net / 2246 / 2040" type="journal article" year="1933">Colbert 1933</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="5E444B053540FF89B204FAE0FD32885D" author="BARRY J. C." box="[629,758,1302,1328]" pageId="15" pageNumber="280" pagination="25 - 45" refId="ref13125" refString="BARRY J. C. 1988. - Dissopsalis, a middle and late Miocene proviverrine creodont (Mammalia) from Pakistan and Kenya. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 8: 25 - 45. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 0272 4634.1988. 10011682" type="journal article" year="1988">Barry 1988</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). African material of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FDD54D773540FF89B120FAC3FE7A8822" authorityName="Pilgrim" authorityYear="1910" box="[337,446,1333,1359]" class="Mammalia" family="Hyaenodontidae" genus="Dissopsalis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Creodonta" pageId="15" pageNumber="278" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="08A1EAE63540FF89B120FAC3FE7A8822" box="[337,446,1333,1359]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="280">Dissopsalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has been referred to the species
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FDD54D773540FF89B0F5FAA0FEE28802" authorityName="Savage" authorityYear="1965" box="[132,294,1365,1391]" class="Mammalia" family="Hyaenodontidae" genus="Dissopsalis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Creodonta" pageId="15" pageNumber="280" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pyroclasticus">
|
||
<emphasis id="08A1EAE63540FF89B0F5FAA0FEE28802" box="[132,294,1365,1391]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="280">D. pyroclasticus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, first described on the basis of a mandibular ramus from Maboko,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="42C276643540FF89B101FA80FE7088FD" box="[368,436,1398,1424]" name="Kenya" pageId="15" pageNumber="280">Kenya</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="5E444B053540FF89B1B2FA83FD8D88FD" author="SAVAGE R. J. G." box="[451,585,1397,1424]" pageId="15" pageNumber="280" pagination="239 - 316" refId="ref15328" refString="SAVAGE R. J. G. 1965. - Fossil mammals of Africa: 19. The Miocene Carnivora of East Africa. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) Geology 10: 239 - 316. http: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 36359760" type="journal article" year="1965">Savage 1965</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="5E444B053540FF89B227FA83FF3588C2" author="MORALES J. & PICKFORD M." pageId="15" pageNumber="280" pagination="332 - 359" refId="ref14647" refString="MORALES J. & PICKFORD M. 2017. - New hyaenodonts (Ferae, Mammalia) from the early Miocene of Napak (Uganda), Koru (Kenya) and Grillental (Namibia). Fossil Imprint 73: 332 - 359. https: // doi. org / 10.2478 / if- 2017 - 0019" type="journal article" year="2017">Morales & Pickford 2017</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and later listed in faunal lists from a number of sites in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="42C276643540FF89B0A7FA43FEDE88A2" box="[214,282,1461,1487]" name="Kenya" pageId="15" pageNumber="280">Kenya</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="42C276643540FF89B120FA43FE6188A2" box="[337,421,1461,1487]" name="Uganda" pageId="15" pageNumber="280">Uganda</collectingCountry>
|
||
(see references in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="5E444B053540FF89B21BFA43FD3388A2" author="BARRY J. C." box="[618,759,1460,1487]" pageId="15" pageNumber="280" pagination="25 - 45" refId="ref13125" refString="BARRY J. C. 1988. - Dissopsalis, a middle and late Miocene proviverrine creodont (Mammalia) from Pakistan and Kenya. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 8: 25 - 45. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 0272 4634.1988. 10011682" type="journal article" year="1988">Barry [1988]</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), but these materials have never been studied in detail (but see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="5E444B053540FF89B0F5FA03FE548B62" author="BORTHS M. R. & STEVENS N. J." box="[132,400,1524,1551]" pageId="15" pageNumber="280" pagination="1 - 34" refId="ref13275" refString="BORTHS M. R. & STEVENS N. J. 2017. - Deciduous dentition and dental eruption of Hyainailouroidea (Hyaenodonta, " Creodonta ", Placentalia, Mammalia). Palaeontologia Electronica 20.3.55 A: 1 - 34. https: // doi. org / 10.26879 / 776" type="book chapter" year="2017">Borths & Stevens [2017]</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and doubts have been raised concerning their taxonomic attribution (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="5E444B053540FF89B263F9E3FD488B42" author="BARRY J. C." box="[530,652,1557,1583]" pageId="15" pageNumber="280" pagination="25 - 45" refId="ref13125" refString="BARRY J. C. 1988. - Dissopsalis, a middle and late Miocene proviverrine creodont (Mammalia) from Pakistan and Kenya. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 8: 25 - 45. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 0272 4634.1988. 10011682" type="journal article" year="1988">Barry 1988</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The most complete, as well as the youngest, material assigned to the species is that from Fort Ternan (e.g.,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="5E444B053540FF89B261F9A2FD338B02" author="SHIPMAN P. & WALKER A. & VAN COUVERING J. A. & HOOKER P. J. & MILLER J. A." box="[528,759,1620,1647]" pageId="15" pageNumber="280" pagination="49 - 72" refId="ref15500" refString="SHIPMAN P., WALKER A., VAN COUVERING J. A., HOOKER P. J. & MILLER J. A. 1981. - The Fort Ternan Hominoid Site, Kenya: Geology, Age, Taphonomy and Paleoecology. Journal of Human Evolution 10: 49 - 72. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / S 0047 - 2484 (81) 80025 - 5" type="journal article" year="1981">
|
||
Shipman
|
||
<emphasis id="08A1EAE63540FF89B206F9A3FD6C8B03" box="[631,680,1620,1646]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="280">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
[1981]
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Referral of the Fort Ternan material described above to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FDD54D773540FF89B2ABF983FF098BC3" authorityName="Pilgrim" authorityYear="1910" class="Mammalia" family="Hyaenodontidae" genus="Dissopsalis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Creodonta" pageId="15" pageNumber="278" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="08A1EAE63540FF89B2ABF983FF098BC3" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="280">Dissopsalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
seems unproblematic in view of the many similarities between the
|
||
<typeStatus id="E56E88563540FF89B161F943FEFA8BA2" box="[272,318,1717,1743]" pageId="15" pageNumber="280">type</typeStatus>
|
||
specimen and KNM-FT 3562, as well as similarities of the upper dentition material to that of
|
||
<emphasis id="08A1EAE63540FF89B2CDF923FF718A63" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="280">D. carnifex</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="5E444B053540FF89B0B2F902FE948A63" author="COLBERT E. H." box="[195,336,1780,1806]" pageId="15" pageNumber="280" pagination="1 - 8" refId="ref13555" refString="COLBERT E. H. 1933. - The skull of Dissopsalis carnifex Pilgrim, a Miocene creodont from India. American Museum Novitates 603: 1 - 8. http: // hdl. handle. net / 2246 / 2040" type="journal article" year="1933">Colbert 1933</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). However, there are also some differences. The
|
||
<typeStatus id="E56E88563540FF89B0C4F8E2FF278A43" box="[181,227,1812,1838]" pageId="15" pageNumber="280">type</typeStatus>
|
||
specimen shows m3 to be shorter than m2, which the reverse of the condition in KNM-FT 3562. In KNM-FT 3562 (as well as KNM-FT 13370 and KNM-FT 14135), the m3 talonid is, judging from figures in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="5E444B053540FF89B219F885FCC38AE3" author="SAVAGE R. J. G." box="[616,775,1907,1934]" pageId="15" pageNumber="280" pagination="239 - 316" refId="ref15328" refString="SAVAGE R. J. G. 1965. - Fossil mammals of Africa: 19. The Miocene Carnivora of East Africa. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) Geology 10: 239 - 316. http: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 36359760" type="journal article" year="1965">Savage (1965)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
somewhat longer than that of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="E56E88563540FF89B19DF862FDDE8AC3" box="[492,538,1940,1966]" pageId="15" pageNumber="280">type</typeStatus>
|
||
specimen. Finally, the
|
||
<typeStatus id="E56E88563540FF89B0F5F842FF768AA3" box="[132,178,1972,1998]" pageId="15" pageNumber="280">type</typeStatus>
|
||
specimen of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FDD54D773540FF89B134F842FE238AA0" authorityName="Savage" authorityYear="1965" box="[325,487,1971,1997]" class="Mammalia" family="Hyaenodontidae" genus="Dissopsalis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Creodonta" pageId="15" pageNumber="280" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pyroclasticus">
|
||
<emphasis id="08A1EAE63540FF89B134F842FE238AA0" box="[325,487,1971,1997]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="280">D. pyroclasticus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is smaller overall than the Fort Ternan specimens. These differences suggest, but do not clearly demonstrate, a difference at the species level between
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FDD54D773540FF89B35CFF0CFC098C7E" authorityName="Savage" authorityYear="1965" box="[813,973,249,275]" class="Mammalia" family="Hyaenodontidae" genus="Dissopsalis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Creodonta" pageId="15" pageNumber="280" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pyroclasticus">
|
||
<emphasis id="08A1EAE63540FF89B35CFF0CFC098C7E" box="[813,973,249,275]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="280">D. pyroclasticus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from Maboko and the Fort Ternan material. Therefore, I here leave this material in open nomenclature.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |