plazi/treatments-xml
2
0
Fork 0
Code Issues Pull requests Releases Activity
treatments-xml/data/68/12/87/681287CA0725A17FFF67FF7CFE1FC29D.xml
maintenance 94bb0113b0 added 68
2024-06-21 12:39:03 +02:00

425 lines
54 KiB
XML
Raw Blame History

This file contains ambiguous Unicode characters

This file contains Unicode characters that might be confused with other characters. If you think that this is intentional, you can safely ignore this warning. Use the Escape button to reveal them.

<document id="A0E05643127D9001CB2D27A6DCB3EA0C" ID-CLB-Dataset="59012" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5315.4.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="fb5b9536-7e40-4890-87c8-a6eb884fc16d" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8142254" ID-ZooBank="4534E430-AE37-4713-9E97-FD83F213C7DA" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="julia" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_approvedBy="julia" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="julia" checkinTime="1689235846823" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Faynel, Christophe &amp; Fåhraeus, Christer" docDate="2023" docId="681287CA0725A17FFF67FF7CFE1FC29D" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5315.4.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5315 (4)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5315.4.1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Thereus tierralinda Faynel &amp; Fahraeus 2023, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docUuid="C948BDAB-1400-43D5-9E06-DC6CB31D21A5" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="6" lastPageNumber="306" masterDocId="942BFFB20727A17AFFF0FA46FFE2C264" masterDocTitle="Two new Thereus species from Peru, with notes on ecological niche partitioning (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae: Theclinae)" masterLastPageNumber="314" masterPageNumber="301" pageNumber="303" updateTime="1699537053301" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
<mods:mods id="72E2102DA26B5B19D004DCF5BC19149B" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="8D571983391F499168AA8CDF17BD7F25">
<mods:title id="8F6F5BEE66BE4903A34380F92FB60FF8">Two new Thereus species from Peru, with notes on ecological niche partitioning (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae: Theclinae)</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="D57B197F8C55EE0A0F1154404A9C85B2" type="personal">
<mods:role id="A957B37312326DB5FE155F5EEDAE372C">
<mods:roleTerm id="99537D6F44E7CB424E5DCCA8D6186903">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="F29722F7B2E8A49446321D3918399FC9">Faynel, Christophe</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="3A4A46458CB32B149078DDFAB62E6D2C">16, rue des Aspres, 34160 Montaud, France.</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="E6F908D6F9EE21DFF0F0A87F3308F599" type="personal">
<mods:role id="8A0A1F4B8E052D6EDA3050FB2460D321">
<mods:roleTerm id="0F29EB7307145C22A9864FCB883F09B8">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="B609D89A4A36925DEF0E0A42B18A7804">Fåhraeus, Christer</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="F0EBDF7B208D7017D2B79BBEF1678F5A">Biodiversity, Department of Biology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden. e-mail: christer. fahraeus @ eqlpharma. com</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="60AFA863908B590C590D253DC04024A5">text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem id="BD7A3B75CF55840004DF76E70D6DDB48" type="host">
<mods:titleInfo id="9925900AAE5958B2153F1C4D88A4023D">
<mods:title id="8F0795AA1952EF71696071502CA2BB0E">Zootaxa</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="A2C88218B16D387AE64C6AF50ECFE953">
<mods:date id="465A4961D2412C8E147F2C917BBBB8E3">2023</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="BD3C25FF55BE6B5C8DDC5718B4B47FDF" type="pubDate">
<mods:number id="59A1006A3C65D7C1BE943D7936DE613E">2023-07-11</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="5E2B56B4F75314E96DDECE5050875B97" type="volume">
<mods:number id="2553FE0671F942DE7DAE1056EDA65F26">5315</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="8D9FB91D2184FC0C52BC845CF0AE9D7B" type="issue">
<mods:number id="9049281A506660C260909CC0213A842E">4</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent id="5605074C9469F0C26769BF96B630BB8D" unit="page">
<mods:start id="13EB0BBADE410E5F0C1AF606C55D112C">301</mods:start>
<mods:end id="78D3ED9BD99A49C0945C808D6EAE6DBD">314</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:location id="798E5A0A6503FE41BC0E05296D86D4A0">
<mods:url id="D8D69691C1325F13CA6AF1A4D6D7F30F">http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5315.4.1</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification id="DDE99A6FB791CB87483DF96D2EFAF3D3">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="4B1742A0600D26B1FA844BD1AE6D23EF" type="CLB-Dataset">59012</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="CBBD0F175E82F94A0F1D3C7780F173A4" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.5315.4.1</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="BF7988B3685957FBBB5B9D6706BE06BC" type="GBIF-Dataset">fb5b9536-7e40-4890-87c8-a6eb884fc16d</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="7E9308D2A326E37FE6B8F70DA3B1D60D" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="F1E21C97F55BBB3BDDE81FFA74B2DB88" type="Zenodo-Dep">8142254</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="9EA72743B25AE64B750B735B57BE615E" type="ZooBank">4534E430-AE37-4713-9E97-FD83F213C7DA</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="681287CA0725A17FFF67FF7CFE1FC29D" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8142250" ID-GBIF-Taxon="211580967" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8142250" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:C948BDAB-1400-43D5-9E06-DC6CB31D21A5" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/681287CA0725A17FFF67FF7CFE1FC29D" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="306" pageId="2" pageNumber="303">
<subSubSection id="A8A165570725A178FF67FF7CFD05C731" box="[151,743,1337,1365]" pageId="2" pageNumber="303" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="E00436DC0725A178FF67FF7CFD05C731" blockId="2.[151,743,1337,1401]" box="[151,743,1337,1365]" pageId="2" pageNumber="303">
<heading id="BB4C81B00725A178FF67FF7CFD05C731" bold="true" box="[151,743,1337,1365]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="303" reason="1">
<emphasis id="D2CFEACE0725A178FF67FF7CFD05C731" bold="true" box="[151,743,1337,1365]" pageId="2" pageNumber="303">
<taxonomicName id="27BB4D5F0725A178FF67FF7CFD9FC730" ID-CoL="BJ57T" authority="Faynel &amp; Fahraeus" authorityName="Faynel &amp; Fahraeus" authorityYear="2023" box="[151,637,1337,1365]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Thereus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="303" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tierralinda" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="D2CFEACE0725A178FF67FF7CFE61C731" bold="true" box="[151,387,1338,1365]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="303">Thereus tierralinda</emphasis>
Faynel &amp; Fåhraeus
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="C9FC57B50725A178FD7AFF7DFD05C731" box="[650,743,1339,1365]" pageId="2" pageNumber="303" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="A8A165570725A178FF67FF19FE73C71D" box="[151,401,1374,1401]" pageId="2" pageNumber="303" type="description">
<paragraph id="E00436DC0725A178FF67FF19FE73C71D" blockId="2.[151,743,1337,1401]" box="[151,401,1374,1401]" pageId="2" pageNumber="303">
(
<figureCitation id="78802A590725A178FF6FFF19FEE8C71D" box="[159,266,1375,1401]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–8" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1355,1379]" captionTargetBox="[185,1392,391,1318]" captionTargetId="figure-127@3.[176,1410,378,1328]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 1–8. Adults of Thereus, dorsal view at left. 1.♁ T. tierralinda sp. nov. (HT, Peru, MUSM). 2. ♁ T. illex (Colombia, MNHN). 3. ♁ T. vicens sp. nov. (HT, Peru, MUSM). 4. ♀ T. vicens sp. nov. (Peru, FILS). 5. ♁ T. columbicola (Peru, CF). 6. ♀ T. columbicola (Peru, CF). 7. ♁ T. eryssus (Brazil, CF). 8. ♀ T. eryssus (Brazil, CF)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8142256" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8142256/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="303">Figures 1</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="78802A590725A178FEE8FF19FED4C71D" box="[280,310,1375,1401]" captionStart="FIGURES 10–14" captionStartId="4.[151,264,733,757]" captionTargetBox="[321,1265,181,709]" captionTargetId="figure-27@4.[321,1265,181,709]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 10–14. Male DFW androconia. 10. Thereus tierralinda sp. nov. 11. T. illex. 12. T. columbicola. 13. T. eryssus. 14. T. vicens sp. nov." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8142262" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8142262/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="303">10</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="78802A590725A178FEB2FF18FE82C71D" box="[322,352,1374,1401]" captionStart="FIGURES 15–19" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1165,1189]" captionTargetBox="[152,1434,274,1140]" captionTargetId="figure-54@5.[151,1435,273,1141]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 15–19. Male genitalia, ventral view (on right), left lateral view (at left). 15. Thereus tierralinda sp. nov. (HT, Peru, MUSM). 16. T. illex (Colombia, MNHN). 17. T. columbicola (Peru, CF). 18. T. eryssus (Brazil, CF). 19. T. vicens sp. nov. (HT, Peru, MUSM)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8142264" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8142264/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="303">15</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="78802A590725A178FE9CFF19FE6BC71D" box="[364,393,1375,1401]" captionStart="FIGURE 23" captionStartId="8.[151,250,761,785]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,737]" captionTargetId="figure-27@8.[151,1436,181,737]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 23. Male eighth tergite in ventral view.Anterior border (at bottom) W-shape on Thereus tierralinda sp. nov. (left) and subrectangular on T. vicens sp. nov. (right)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8142268" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8142268/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="303">23</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="A8A165570725A178FF67FFE1FCCEC485" pageId="2" pageNumber="303" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="E00436DC0725A178FF67FFE1FBEAC435" blockId="2.[151,1437,1446,2013]" pageId="2" pageNumber="303">
<emphasis id="D2CFEACE0725A178FF67FFE1FEA4C7A4" bold="true" box="[151,326,1446,1473]" pageId="2" pageNumber="303">Type material.</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="50D33C810725A178FEBEFFE1FBEAC435" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4154021304" collectingDate="2019-08-07" collectingDateMax="2019-09-19" collectingDateMin="2019-08-07" collectorName="C. Faynel" country="Peru" county="Carretera Manu" elevation="772" latitude="-13.002867" location="Chontachaca" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-71.46415" municipality="Km" pageId="2" pageNumber="303" specimenCount="2" stateProvince="Cusco" typeStatus="holotype">
<typeStatus id="3F00887E0725A178FEBEFFE1FE54C7A5" box="[334,438,1447,1473]" pageId="2" pageNumber="303" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
♁ (
<figureCitation id="78802A590725A178FE14FFE1FDC5C7A5" box="[484,551,1447,1473]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–8" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1355,1379]" captionTargetBox="[185,1392,391,1318]" captionTargetId="figure-127@3.[176,1410,378,1328]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 1–8. Adults of Thereus, dorsal view at left. 1.♁ T. tierralinda sp. nov. (HT, Peru, MUSM). 2. ♁ T. illex (Colombia, MNHN). 3. ♁ T. vicens sp. nov. (HT, Peru, MUSM). 4. ♀ T. vicens sp. nov. (Peru, FILS). 5. ♁ T. columbicola (Peru, CF). 6. ♀ T. columbicola (Peru, CF). 7. ♁ T. eryssus (Brazil, CF). 8. ♀ T. eryssus (Brazil, CF)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8142256" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8142256/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="303">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
): “
<collectingCountry id="98AC764C0725A178FDBAFFE1FD6CC7A5" box="[586,654,1447,1473]" name="Peru" pageId="2" pageNumber="303">Pérou</collectingCountry>
-
<collectingRegion id="227FF83E0725A178FD57FFE1FD0FC7A5" box="[679,749,1447,1473]" country="Peru" name="Cusco" pageId="2" pageNumber="303">Cusco</collectingRegion>
//
<collectingCounty id="09654E500725A178FCFDFFE1FC23C7A5" box="[781,961,1447,1473]" pageId="2" pageNumber="303">Carretera Manu</collectingCounty>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="0060ACA60725A178FC3DFFE1FC15C7A5" box="[973,1015,1447,1473]" pageId="2" pageNumber="303">Km</collectingMunicipality>
89 //
<location id="E56460070725A178FBCBFFE1FB2DC7A5" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:681287CA0725A17FFF67FF7CFE1FC29D:E56460070725A178FBCBFFE1FB2DC7A5" box="[1083,1231,1447,1473]" country="Peru" county="Carretera Manu" latitude="-13.002867" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-71.46415" municipality="Km" name="Chontachaca" pageId="2" pageNumber="303" stateProvince="Cusco">Chontachaca</location>
,
<quantity id="27439B390725A178FB2BFFE1FAC1C7A5" box="[1243,1315,1447,1473]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.72" pageId="2" pageNumber="303" unit="m" value="772.0">
<elevation id="6B96D1EF0725A178FB2BFFE1FAC1C7A5" box="[1243,1315,1447,1473]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.72" pageId="2" pageNumber="303" unit="m" value="772.0">772 m</elevation>
</quantity>
//
<location id="E56460070725A178FAB2FFE1FEC6C781" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:681287CA0725A17FFF67FF7CFE1FC29D:E56460070725A178FAB2FFE1FEC6C781" country="Peru" county="Carretera Manu" latitude="-13.002867" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-71.46415" municipality="Km" name="Reserve Tierra Linda" pageId="2" pageNumber="303" stateProvince="Cusco">Réserve Tierra Linda</location>
//
<location id="E56460070725A178FEB3FF8DFE62C781" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:681287CA0725A17FFF67FF7CFE1FC29D:E56460070725A178FEB3FF8DFE62C781" box="[323,384,1483,1509]" country="Peru" county="Carretera Manu" latitude="-13.002867" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-71.46415" municipality="Km" name="Poste" pageId="2" pageNumber="303" stateProvince="Cusco">Poste</location>
10h20 //
<geoCoordinate id="858F501B0725A178FE1DFF8DFD62C781" box="[493,640,1483,1509]" degrees="13" direction="south" minutes="00.172" orientation="latitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="303" precision="1" value="-13.002867">S 13°00.172’</geoCoordinate>
-
<geoCoordinate id="858F501B0725A178FD6AFF8DFCD3C781" box="[666,817,1483,1509]" degrees="71" direction="west" minutes="27.849" orientation="longitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="303" precision="1" value="-71.46415">O 71°27.849’</geoCoordinate>
//
<date id="9405101C0725A178FCA1FF8DFC37C781" box="[849,981,1483,1509]" pageId="2" pageNumber="303" value="2019-08-07">
<collectingDate id="8441E9F40725A178FCA1FF8DFC37C781" box="[849,981,1483,1509]" pageId="2" pageNumber="303" value="2019-08-07">7.VIII.2019</collectingDate>
</date>
<collectorName id="4D4E530A0725A178FC2DFF8DFBA9C781" box="[989,1099,1483,1509]" pageId="2" pageNumber="303">C. Faynel</collectorName>
leg” (white rectangular label, black printed); “LYC 1021” (orange rectangular label, black printed); “Diss. n° 654 //
<date id="9405101C0725A178FB8EFFA9FB1FC46D" box="[1150,1277,1519,1545]" pageId="2" pageNumber="303" value="2019-09-19">
<collectingDate id="8441E9F40725A178FB8EFFA9FB1FC46D" box="[1150,1277,1519,1545]" pageId="2" pageNumber="303" value="2019-09-19">19.IX.2019</collectingDate>
</date>
//
<collectorName id="4D4E530A0725A178FAD0FFA9FA71C46D" box="[1312,1427,1519,1545]" pageId="2" pageNumber="303">C. Faynel</collectorName>
” (white rectangular label, black printed); “HOLOTYPE ♁ //
<taxonomicName id="27BB4D5F0725A178FCCFFC55FBF8C449" authorityName="Faynel &amp; Fahraeus" authorityYear="2023" box="[831,1050,1555,1581]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Thereus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="303" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tierralinda">
<emphasis id="D2CFEACE0725A178FCCFFC55FBF8C449" box="[831,1050,1555,1581]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="303">Thereus tierralinda</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
// Faynel &amp; Fåhraeus, 2023” (red rectangular label, black printed). Currently in CF, will be deposited in MUSM.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E00436DC0725A178FF37FC1DFCCEC485" blockId="2.[151,1437,1446,2013]" pageId="2" pageNumber="303">
<materialsCitation id="50D33C810725A178FF37FC1DFBC0C411" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4154021311" box="[199,1058,1627,1655]" collectingDate="2019-08-07" collectingDateMax="2019-09-19" collectingDateMin="2019-08-07" collectionCode="CF" collectorName="C. Faynel" country="Peru" county="Carretera Manu" elevation="772" latitude="-13.002867" location="Chontachaca" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-71.46415" municipality="Km" pageId="2" pageNumber="303" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Cusco" typeStatus="paratype">
<typeStatus id="3F00887E0725A178FF37FC1DFEDAC411" box="[199,312,1627,1653]" pageId="2" pageNumber="303" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
: 1♁, same data as holotype, DNA sample ID LYC 1023 (
<collectionCode id="86AAAE190725A178FC03FC1DFBF8C411" box="[1011,1050,1627,1653]" pageId="2" pageNumber="303">CF</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="50D33C810725A178FBC3FC1AFE39C4FD" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4154021327" collectingDate="2021-08-04" collectingDateMax="2019-09-19" collectingDateMin="2019-08-07" collectionCode="CF" collectorName="C. Faynel" country="Peru" county="Carretera Manu" elevation="772" latitude="-13.002867" location="Chontachaca" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-71.46415" municipality="Km" pageId="2" pageNumber="303" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Cusco" typeStatus="paratype">
1♁, same locality as holotype,
<date id="9405101C0725A178FF67FC39FEFCC4FD" box="[151,286,1663,1689]" pageId="2" pageNumber="303" value="2021-08-04">
<collectingDate id="8441E9F40725A178FF67FC39FEFCC4FD" box="[151,286,1663,1689]" pageId="2" pageNumber="303" value="2021-08-04">4.VIII.2021</collectingDate>
</date>
, 10:10 am (
<collectionCode id="86AAAE190725A178FE5CFC39FE31C4FD" box="[428,467,1663,1689]" pageId="2" pageNumber="303">CF</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="50D33C810725A178FE1AFCC6FDCEC4D9" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4154021322" collectingDate="2021-09-22" collectingDateMax="2019-09-19" collectingDateMin="2019-08-07" collectionCode="FILS" collectorName="C. Faynel" country="Peru" county="Carretera Manu" elevation="772" latitude="-13.002867" location="Chontachaca" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-71.46415" municipality="Km" pageId="2" pageNumber="303" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Cusco" typeStatus="paratype">
2♁, same locality as holotype,
<date id="9405101C0725A178FCA6FC39FC3AC4FD" box="[854,984,1663,1689]" pageId="2" pageNumber="303" value="2021-09-22">
<collectingDate id="8441E9F40725A178FCA6FC39FC3AC4FD" box="[854,984,1663,1689]" pageId="2" pageNumber="303" value="2021-09-22">22.IX.2021</collectingDate>
</date>
, 9:33 am &amp; 9:35 am, DNA sample ID CFCA01836 &amp; CFCA01835 (
<collectionCode id="86AAAE190725A178FE15FCE5FDC6C4D9" box="[485,548,1699,1725]" pageId="2" pageNumber="303">FILS</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
<typeStatus id="3F00887E0725A178FDC6FCE5FD41C4D9" box="[566,675,1699,1725]" pageId="2" pageNumber="303" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
have the following label: “
<taxonomicName id="27BB4D5F0725A178FC3FFCE5FB45C4D9" authorityName="Faynel &amp; Fahraeus" authorityYear="2023" box="[975,1191,1699,1725]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Thereus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="303" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tierralinda">
<emphasis id="D2CFEACE0725A178FC3FFCE5FB45C4D9" box="[975,1191,1699,1725]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="303">Thereus tierralinda</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
// Faynel &amp; Fåhraeus, 2023 //
<typeStatus id="3F00887E0725A178FF1DFC81FEADC485" box="[237,335,1735,1761]" pageId="2" pageNumber="303" type="paratype">Paratype</typeStatus>
♁” (blue rectangular label, black printed).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="A8A165570725A179FF37FCACFE5CC301" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="304" pageId="2" pageNumber="303" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="E00436DC0725A179FF37FCACFE5CC301" blockId="2.[151,1437,1446,2013]" lastBlockId="3.[151,1437,151,357]" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="304" pageId="2" pageNumber="303">
<emphasis id="D2CFEACE0725A178FF37FCACFEA0C560" bold="true" box="[199,322,1770,1796]" pageId="2" pageNumber="303">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="27BB4D5F0725A178FEB8FCADFDC2C561" authority="Faynel &amp; Fåhraeus, 2023" authorityName="Faynel &amp; Fåhraeus" authorityYear="2023" box="[328,544,1771,1797]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Thereus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="303" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tierralinda" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="D2CFEACE0725A178FEB8FCADFDC2C561" box="[328,544,1771,1797]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="303">Thereus tierralinda</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="D2CFEACE0725A178FDD7FCADFD9DC561" bold="true" box="[551,639,1771,1797]" pageId="2" pageNumber="303">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="C9FC57B50725A178FDD7FCADFD9DC561" box="[551,639,1771,1797]" pageId="2" pageNumber="303" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
is placed in
<taxonomicName id="27BB4D5F0725A178FCFAFCADFC81C561" authorityName="Hubner" authorityYear="1819" box="[778,867,1771,1797]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Thereus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="303" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="D2CFEACE0725A178FCFAFCADFC81C561" box="[778,867,1771,1797]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="303">Thereus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
because males possess secondary sexual structures including DFW double androconia (scent patch and pad), as well as a pair of small ventro-lateral brush organs in addition to the huge pair of dorsal ones attached to an anterior process of the vinculum (
<figureCitation id="78802A590725A178FB5DFD75FAE0C529" box="[1197,1282,1842,1869]" captionStart="FIGURES 15–19" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1165,1189]" captionTargetBox="[152,1434,274,1140]" captionTargetId="figure-54@5.[151,1435,273,1141]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 15–19. Male genitalia, ventral view (on right), left lateral view (at left). 15. Thereus tierralinda sp. nov. (HT, Peru, MUSM). 16. T. illex (Colombia, MNHN). 17. T. columbicola (Peru, CF). 18. T. eryssus (Brazil, CF). 19. T. vicens sp. nov. (HT, Peru, MUSM)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8142264" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8142264/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="303">Fig. 15</figureCitation>
). Males of
<taxonomicName id="27BB4D5F0725A178FA76FD75FEF2C515" authority="Faynel &amp; Fåhraeus, 2023" authorityName="Faynel &amp; Fåhraeus" authorityYear="2023" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Thereus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="303" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tierralinda" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="D2CFEACE0725A178FA76FD75FA74C528" box="[1414,1430,1843,1868]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="303">T</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="D2CFEACE0725A178FF67FD11FEF2C515" box="[151,272,1879,1905]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="303">tierralinda</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="D2CFEACE0725A178FEEBFD11FE9AC515" bold="true" box="[283,376,1879,1905]" pageId="2" pageNumber="303">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="C9FC57B50725A178FEEBFD11FE9AC515" box="[283,376,1879,1905]" pageId="2" pageNumber="303" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
have an external morphology similar to the sympatric
<taxonomicName id="27BB4D5F0725A178FC0FFD11FB4AC515" box="[1023,1192,1879,1905]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Thereus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="303" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="columbicola">
<emphasis id="D2CFEACE0725A178FC0FFD11FB4AC515" box="[1023,1192,1879,1905]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="303">T. columbicola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. They differ from
<taxonomicName id="27BB4D5F0725A178FA78FD11FEC3C5F1" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Thereus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="303" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="columbicola">
<emphasis id="D2CFEACE0725A178FA78FD11FEC3C5F1" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="303">T. columbicola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and other
<taxonomicName id="27BB4D5F0725A178FE6CFD3DFDACC5F1" box="[412,590,1915,1941]" pageId="2" pageNumber="303">
<emphasis id="D2CFEACE0725A178FE6CFD3DFE17C5F1" box="[412,501,1915,1941]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="303">Thereus</emphasis>
species
</taxonomicName>
by: (1) the size of the double androconial spot on DFW with a large black scent patch that occupies almost the entire discoidal cell, similar to the patch in
<taxonomicName id="27BB4D5F0725A178FBEDFDD9FB21C5DD" box="[1053,1219,1951,1977]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Thereus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="303" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="columbicola">
<emphasis id="D2CFEACE0725A178FBEDFDD9FB21C5DD" box="[1053,1219,1951,1977]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="303">T. columbicola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and a huge brown scent pad centered on the discocellular veins that is much larger than in any other species of the
<taxonomicName id="27BB4D5F0725A178FB18FD85FA7EC5B8" box="[1256,1436,1987,2013]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Thereus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="303" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="eryssus">
<emphasis id="D2CFEACE0725A178FB18FD85FA7EC5B8" box="[1256,1436,1987,2013]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="303">Thereus eryssus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species group (
<figureCitation id="78802A590724A179FECCFAD1FE5CC2D5" box="[316,446,151,177]" captionStart="FIGURES 10–14" captionStartId="4.[151,264,733,757]" captionTargetBox="[321,1265,181,709]" captionTargetId="figure-27@4.[321,1265,181,709]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 10–14. Male DFW androconia. 10. Thereus tierralinda sp. nov. 11. T. illex. 12. T. columbicola. 13. T. eryssus. 14. T. vicens sp. nov." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8142262" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8142262/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="304">Figs 10–14</figureCitation>
); (2) very dark ventral wing patterns with a VFW dark brown postmedian band wider than in its congeners (
<figureCitation id="78802A590724A179FEA6FAFDFDD0C2B1" box="[342,562,186,213]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–8" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1355,1379]" captionTargetBox="[185,1392,391,1318]" captionTargetId="figure-127@3.[176,1410,378,1328]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 1–8. Adults of Thereus, dorsal view at left. 1.♁ T. tierralinda sp. nov. (HT, Peru, MUSM). 2. ♁ T. illex (Colombia, MNHN). 3. ♁ T. vicens sp. nov. (HT, Peru, MUSM). 4. ♀ T. vicens sp. nov. (Peru, FILS). 5. ♁ T. columbicola (Peru, CF). 6. ♀ T. columbicola (Peru, CF). 7. ♁ T. eryssus (Brazil, CF). 8. ♀ T. eryssus (Brazil, CF)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8142256" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8142256/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="304">Figures 1, 2, 3, 5, 7</figureCitation>
); (3) the shape of the valvae in ventral view (
<figureCitation id="78802A590724A179FBDFFAFDFB4DC2B1" box="[1071,1199,186,213]" captionStart="FIGURES 15–19" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1165,1189]" captionTargetBox="[152,1434,274,1140]" captionTargetId="figure-54@5.[151,1435,273,1141]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 15–19. Male genitalia, ventral view (on right), left lateral view (at left). 15. Thereus tierralinda sp. nov. (HT, Peru, MUSM). 16. T. illex (Colombia, MNHN). 17. T. columbicola (Peru, CF). 18. T. eryssus (Brazil, CF). 19. T. vicens sp. nov. (HT, Peru, MUSM)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8142264" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8142264/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="304">Figs 15–19</figureCitation>
); (4) a mean genetic distance (COI sequence) of 3.6% with the nearest species,
<taxonomicName id="27BB4D5F0724A179FCEDFA99FC20C29D" box="[797,962,223,249]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Thereus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="304" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="columbicola">
<emphasis id="D2CFEACE0724A179FCEDFA99FC20C29D" box="[797,962,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="304">T. columbicola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, in the distance matrix (Table 3, respective BIN AEB9489 and ACK2912). The
<specimenCount id="F6BDFD550724A179FDC9FB45FD4DC379" box="[569,687,259,285]" pageId="3" pageNumber="304" type="male">five males</specimenCount>
examined are also larger than all the males of
<taxonomicName id="27BB4D5F0724A179FB3FFB45FA95C379" box="[1231,1399,259,285]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Thereus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="304" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="columbicola">
<emphasis id="D2CFEACE0724A179FB3FFB45FA95C379" box="[1231,1399,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="304">T. columbicola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="27BB4D5F0724A179FA78FB45FF0BC324" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Thereus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="304" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="eryssus">
<emphasis id="D2CFEACE0724A179FA78FB45FF0BC324" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="304">T. eryssus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="27BB4D5F0724A179FED9FB61FE97C325" box="[297,373,295,321]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Thereus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="304" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="illex">
<emphasis id="D2CFEACE0724A179FED9FB61FE97C325" box="[297,373,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="304">T. illex</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
we have examined in collections, with a wing span range from 9 to 20% larger depending on the species (see
<figureCitation id="78802A590724A179FEBCFB0DFE52C301" box="[332,432,331,357]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–8" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1355,1379]" captionTargetBox="[185,1392,391,1318]" captionTargetId="figure-127@3.[176,1410,378,1328]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 1–8. Adults of Thereus, dorsal view at left. 1.♁ T. tierralinda sp. nov. (HT, Peru, MUSM). 2. ♁ T. illex (Colombia, MNHN). 3. ♁ T. vicens sp. nov. (HT, Peru, MUSM). 4. ♀ T. vicens sp. nov. (Peru, FILS). 5. ♁ T. columbicola (Peru, CF). 6. ♀ T. columbicola (Peru, CF). 7. ♁ T. eryssus (Brazil, CF). 8. ♀ T. eryssus (Brazil, CF)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8142256" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8142256/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="304">Figs 1–8</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="B4C466540724A179FF67FF0DFC0FC7CF" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8142256" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8142256" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8142256/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="304" startId="3.[151,264,1355,1379]" targetBox="[185,1392,391,1318]" targetPageId="3" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="E00436DC0724A179FF67FF0DFC0FC7CF" blockId="3.[151,1436,1355,1453]" pageId="3" pageNumber="304">
<emphasis id="D2CFEACE0724A179FF67FF0DFED9C707" bold="true" box="[151,315,1355,1379]" pageId="3" pageNumber="304">FIGURES 1–8.</emphasis>
Adults of
<taxonomicName id="27BB4D5F0724A179FE55FF0DFE14C707" authorityName="Hubner" authorityYear="1819" box="[421,502,1355,1379]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Thereus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="304" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="D2CFEACE0724A179FE55FF0DFE14C707" box="[421,502,1355,1379]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="304">Thereus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, dorsal view at left. 1.♁
<taxonomicName id="27BB4D5F0724A179FD03FF0AFC98C707" authority="Faynel &amp; Fåhraeus, 2023" authorityName="Faynel &amp; Fåhraeus" authorityYear="2023" box="[755,890,1355,1379]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Thereus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="304" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tierralinda" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="D2CFEACE0724A179FD03FF0AFC98C707" box="[755,890,1355,1379]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="304">T. tierralinda</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="D2CFEACE0724A179FC70FF0DFC33C707" bold="true" box="[896,977,1355,1379]" pageId="3" pageNumber="304">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="C9FC57B50724A179FC70FF0DFC33C707" box="[896,977,1355,1379]" pageId="3" pageNumber="304" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
(HT, Peru, MUSM). 2. ♁
<taxonomicName id="27BB4D5F0724A179FB2EFF0AFAC1C707" box="[1246,1315,1355,1379]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Thereus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="304" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="illex">
<emphasis id="D2CFEACE0724A179FB2EFF0AFAC1C707" box="[1246,1315,1355,1379]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="304">T. illex</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Colombia, MNHN). 3. ♁
<taxonomicName id="27BB4D5F0724A179FEDCFF36FE66C7E3" authority="Faynel &amp; Fåhraeus, 2023" authorityName="Faynel &amp; Fåhraeus" authorityYear="2023" box="[300,388,1392,1415]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Thereus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="304" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vicens" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="D2CFEACE0724A179FEDCFF36FE66C7E3" box="[300,388,1392,1415]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="304">T. vicens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="D2CFEACE0724A179FE7BFF29FE39C7E3" bold="true" box="[395,475,1391,1415]" pageId="3" pageNumber="304">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="C9FC57B50724A179FE7BFF29FE39C7E3" box="[395,475,1391,1415]" pageId="3" pageNumber="304" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
(HT, Peru, MUSM). 4. ♀
<taxonomicName id="27BB4D5F0724A179FD17FF36FCDDC7E3" authority="Faynel &amp; Fåhraeus, 2023" authorityName="Faynel &amp; Fåhraeus" authorityYear="2023" box="[743,831,1392,1415]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Thereus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="304" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vicens" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="D2CFEACE0724A179FD17FF36FCDDC7E3" box="[743,831,1392,1415]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="304">T. vicens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="D2CFEACE0724A179FCB5FF29FC74C7E3" bold="true" box="[837,918,1391,1415]" pageId="3" pageNumber="304">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="C9FC57B50724A179FCB5FF29FC74C7E3" box="[837,918,1391,1415]" pageId="3" pageNumber="304" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
(Peru, FILS). 5. ♁
<taxonomicName id="27BB4D5F0724A179FBACFF36FB10C7E3" box="[1116,1266,1391,1415]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Thereus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="304" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="columbicola">
<emphasis id="D2CFEACE0724A179FBACFF36FB10C7E3" box="[1116,1266,1391,1415]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="304">T. columbicola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Peru, CF). 6. ♀
<taxonomicName id="27BB4D5F0724A179FF67FFD2FECFC7CF" box="[151,301,1427,1451]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Thereus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="304" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="columbicola">
<emphasis id="D2CFEACE0724A179FF67FFD2FECFC7CF" box="[151,301,1427,1451]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="304">T. columbicola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Peru, CF). 7. ♁
<taxonomicName id="27BB4D5F0724A179FE2EFFD2FDA0C7CF" box="[478,578,1428,1451]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Thereus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="304" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="eryssus">
<emphasis id="D2CFEACE0724A179FE2EFFD2FDA0C7CF" box="[478,578,1428,1451]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="304">T. eryssus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Brazil, CF). 8. ♀
<taxonomicName id="27BB4D5F0724A179FCF1FFD2FC87C7CF" box="[769,869,1428,1451]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Thereus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="304" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="eryssus">
<emphasis id="D2CFEACE0724A179FCF1FFD2FC87C7CF" box="[769,869,1428,1451]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="304">T. eryssus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Brazil, CF).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="B4C466540724A179FF67FDF8FDACC59E" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8142258" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8142258" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8142258/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="304" startId="3.[151,250,1982,2006]" targetBox="[198,1390,1475,1958]" targetPageId="3" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="E00436DC0724A179FF67FDF8FDACC59E" blockId="3.[151,1436,1982,2042]" pageId="3" pageNumber="304">
<emphasis id="D2CFEACE0724A179FF67FDF8FEF1C5B2" bold="true" box="[151,275,1982,2006]" pageId="3" pageNumber="304">FIGURE 9.</emphasis>
Type locality of
<taxonomicName id="27BB4D5F0724A179FE30FDF8FD67C5B2" authority="Faynel &amp; Fåhraeus, 2023" authorityName="Faynel &amp; Fåhraeus" authorityYear="2023" box="[448,645,1982,2006]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Thereus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="304" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tierralinda" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="D2CFEACE0724A179FE30FDF8FD67C5B2" box="[448,645,1982,2006]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="304">Thereus tierralinda</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="D2CFEACE0724A179FD7BFDF8FD00C5B2" bold="true" box="[651,738,1982,2006]" pageId="3" pageNumber="304">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="C9FC57B50724A179FD7BFDF8FD3CC5B2" box="[651,734,1982,2006]" pageId="3" pageNumber="304" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
,
</emphasis>
with the Manu Road going through Chontachaca on the North along the Cosñipata river (source: Google Earth).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="B4C466540723A17EFF67F89BFEA4C17E" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8142262" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8142262" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8142262/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="305" startId="4.[151,264,733,757]" targetBox="[321,1265,181,709]" targetPageId="4" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="E00436DC0723A17EFF67F89BFEA4C17E" blockId="4.[151,1437,733,794]" pageId="4" pageNumber="305">
<emphasis id="D2CFEACE0723A17EFF67F89BFEB7C091" bold="true" box="[151,341,733,757]" pageId="4" pageNumber="305">FIGURES 10–14.</emphasis>
Male DFW androconia. 10.
<taxonomicName id="27BB4D5F0723A17EFD8BF898FCA2C092" authority="Faynel &amp; Fåhraeus, 2023" authorityName="Faynel &amp; Fåhraeus" authorityYear="2023" box="[635,832,734,758]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Thereus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="305" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tierralinda" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="D2CFEACE0723A17EFD8BF898FCA2C092" box="[635,832,734,758]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="305">Thereus tierralinda</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="D2CFEACE0723A17EFCB7F898FC7BC092" bold="true" box="[839,921,734,758]" pageId="4" pageNumber="305">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="C9FC57B50723A17EFCB7F898FC7BC092" box="[839,921,734,758]" pageId="4" pageNumber="305" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
11.
<taxonomicName id="27BB4D5F0723A17EFC36F898FBEEC092" box="[966,1036,734,758]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Thereus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="305" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="illex">
<emphasis id="D2CFEACE0723A17EFC36F898FBEEC092" box="[966,1036,734,758]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="305">T. illex</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. 12.
<taxonomicName id="27BB4D5F0723A17EFBB0F898FB34C092" box="[1088,1238,734,758]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Thereus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="305" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="columbicola">
<emphasis id="D2CFEACE0723A17EFBB0F898FB34C092" box="[1088,1238,734,758]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="305">T. columbicola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. 13.
<emphasis id="D2CFEACE0723A17EFAFBF898FA94C091" box="[1291,1398,734,757]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="305">
<taxonomicName id="27BB4D5F0723A17EFAFBF898FA90C091" box="[1291,1394,734,757]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Thereus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="305" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="eryssus">T. eryssus</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
14.
<taxonomicName id="27BB4D5F0723A17EFF67F944FF0DC17D" authority="Faynel &amp; Fåhraeus, 2023" authorityName="Faynel &amp; Fåhraeus" authorityYear="2023" box="[151,239,770,793]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Thereus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="305" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vicens" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="D2CFEACE0723A17EFF67F944FF0DC17D" box="[151,239,770,793]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="305">T. vicens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="C9FC57B50723A17EFF06F944FEA4C17E" box="[246,326,770,794]" pageId="4" pageNumber="305" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="A8A165570723A17EFF37F90EFE16C456" pageId="4" pageNumber="305" type="description">
<paragraph id="E00436DC0723A17EFF37F90EFE16C456" blockId="4.[151,1437,840,1982]" pageId="4" pageNumber="305">
<emphasis id="D2CFEACE0723A17EFF37F90EFE7CC106" bold="true" box="[199,414,840,866]" pageId="4" pageNumber="305">Description. Male</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="78802A590723A17EFE5EF90EFE12C106" box="[430,496,840,866]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–8" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1355,1379]" captionTargetBox="[185,1392,391,1318]" captionTargetId="figure-127@3.[176,1410,378,1328]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 1–8. Adults of Thereus, dorsal view at left. 1.♁ T. tierralinda sp. nov. (HT, Peru, MUSM). 2. ♁ T. illex (Colombia, MNHN). 3. ♁ T. vicens sp. nov. (HT, Peru, MUSM). 4. ♀ T. vicens sp. nov. (Peru, FILS). 5. ♁ T. columbicola (Peru, CF). 6. ♀ T. columbicola (Peru, CF). 7. ♁ T. eryssus (Brazil, CF). 8. ♀ T. eryssus (Brazil, CF)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8142256" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8142256/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="305">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
). FW length:
<quantity id="27439B390723A17EFD62F90EFD15C106" box="[658,759,840,866]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.89" pageId="4" pageNumber="305" unit="mm" value="18.9">18.9 mm</quantity>
(SD = 0,57, n = 5).
<emphasis id="D2CFEACE0723A17EFC11F90EFBFCC106" box="[993,1054,840,866]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="305">Head</emphasis>
: Brown eyes sparsely pilose with white circumference; black antennae ringed with white, orange nudum; labial palps with grey scales, white at base.
<emphasis id="D2CFEACE0723A17EFF67F9D6FF0AC1CE" box="[151,232,912,938]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="305">Thorax</emphasis>
: dark brown with blue scales dorsally, brown and hairy ventrally; legs brown and white.
<emphasis id="D2CFEACE0723A17EFB00F9D6FAB8C1CE" box="[1264,1370,912,938]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="305">Abdomen</emphasis>
: grey brown dorsally, brown ventrally, with a thin cream-colored line.
<emphasis id="D2CFEACE0723A17EFC85F9F3FC5BC1AA" box="[885,953,949,974]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="305">Wings</emphasis>
: DFW: blue basal part, distal half of wing black; scent patch black, oval inside cell; scent pad oval of the same size, dark brown, centered on discocellular veins and seemingly covering scent patch on its distal part (
<figureCitation id="78802A590723A17EFD06F9BAFCA8C672" box="[758,842,1020,1046]" captionStart="FIGURES 10–14" captionStartId="4.[151,264,733,757]" captionTargetBox="[321,1265,181,709]" captionTargetId="figure-27@4.[321,1265,181,709]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 10–14. Male DFW androconia. 10. Thereus tierralinda sp. nov. 11. T. illex. 12. T. columbicola. 13. T. eryssus. 14. T. vicens sp. nov." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8142262" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8142262/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="305">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
). VFW: brown ground color; costa reddish orange at its base. Broad postmedian band, of the same hue but darker, going from coast to CuA
<subScript id="7C3F34990723A17EFBA1FE74FBBBC624" attach="left" box="[1105,1113,1074,1088]" fontSize="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="305">2</subScript>
bordered externally by some white scales. Submarginal band, also darker but finer and more diffuse, going from R
<subScript id="7C3F34990723A17EFB95FE10FB8FC600" attach="left" box="[1125,1133,1110,1124]" fontSize="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="305">3</subScript>
to 2A. DHW: mostly blue (between veins M
<subScript id="7C3F34990723A17EFE93FE3CFE89C6EC" attach="left" box="[355,363,1146,1160]" fontSize="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="305">1</subScript>
and 2A) with black costal margin and beige grey anal border covered with light grey bristles. VHW: brown ground color, even darker than on FW; postmedian and submarginal band darker but less visible than on FW. Postmedian and submarginal bands bordered by white, externally and internally respectively. Small CuA
<subScript id="7C3F34990723A17EFF3CFEA0FF36C690" attach="left" box="[204,212,1254,1268]" fontSize="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="305">1</subScript>
–CuA
<subScript id="7C3F34990723A17EFEE7FEA0FEFDC690" attach="left" box="[279,287,1254,1268]" fontSize="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="305">2</subScript>
red orange spot with black pupil, tornus perfectly imitating false head with black spot (eye) surrounded by white scales (as around eye) and red orange line like base of costa. Brown fringe on outer margin of both wings. Tails at the end of CuA
<subScript id="7C3F34990723A17EFE6AFF68FE40C758" attach="left" box="[410,418,1326,1340]" fontSize="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="305">1</subScript>
short (
<quantity id="27439B390723A17EFE03FF5AFDD1C752" box="[499,563,1308,1334]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="305" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
) and CuA
<subScript id="7C3F34990723A17EFD55FF68FD4FC758" attach="left" box="[677,685,1326,1340]" fontSize="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="305">2</subScript>
long (
<quantity id="27439B390723A17EFD05FF5AFCD9C752" box="[757,827,1308,1334]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="305" unit="mm" value="4.0">4 mm</quantity>
), both brown with white tips.
<emphasis id="D2CFEACE0723A17EFB78FF5AFACEC752" box="[1160,1324,1308,1334]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="305">Male genitalia</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="78802A590723A17EFACBFF5AFA6CC753" box="[1339,1422,1308,1335]" captionStart="FIGURES 15–19" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1165,1189]" captionTargetBox="[152,1434,274,1140]" captionTargetId="figure-54@5.[151,1435,273,1141]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 15–19. Male genitalia, ventral view (on right), left lateral view (at left). 15. Thereus tierralinda sp. nov. (HT, Peru, MUSM). 16. T. illex (Colombia, MNHN). 17. T. columbicola (Peru, CF). 18. T. eryssus (Brazil, CF). 19. T. vicens sp. nov. (HT, Peru, MUSM)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8142264" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8142264/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="305">Fig. 15</figureCitation>
): uncus subrectangular, narrow and setose; gnathos curved but not bent; tegumen with a ventral pointed projection; vinculum with a dorso-lateral process supporting long dorsal brush organs (secondary sexual organ) with another pair of shorter brush organs attached to the lateral part of vinculum, just before saccus; valvae short (two fifths of genitalia length) and hemispherical with rounded posterior margin in ventral view; saccus short and pointed. Aedeagus with two cornuti situated at the dorsally curved posterior end. Eighth tergite with anterior border modified in W-shape (
<figureCitation id="78802A590723A17EFED5FFB2FE9AC46A" box="[293,376,1524,1550]" captionStart="FIGURE 23" captionStartId="8.[151,250,761,785]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,737]" captionTargetId="figure-27@8.[151,1436,181,737]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 23. Male eighth tergite in ventral view.Anterior border (at bottom) W-shape on Thereus tierralinda sp. nov. (left) and subrectangular on T. vicens sp. nov. (right)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8142268" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8142268/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="305">Fig. 23</figureCitation>
), often characteristic of species with brush organs which increase eighth tergite length (Faynel pers. obs.).
<emphasis id="D2CFEACE0723A17EFEE9FC5EFE92C456" bold="true" box="[281,368,1560,1586]" pageId="4" pageNumber="305">Female</emphasis>
. Unknown.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="A8A165570723A17EFF37FC7AFE8EC5DA" pageId="4" pageNumber="305" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="E00436DC0723A17EFF37FC7AFBE0C4A6" blockId="4.[151,1437,840,1982]" pageId="4" pageNumber="305">
<emphasis id="D2CFEACE0723A17EFF37FC7AFEACC432" bold="true" box="[199,334,1596,1622]" pageId="4" pageNumber="305">Etymology.</emphasis>
Tierra Linda is a private voluntary reserve created by Jose Vicens and Pilar Diez Hurtado that welcomes volunteers and researchers in ecology. It now belongs to Kety Paredes. This reserve is located not far from the Chontachaca village, in the valley of the Rio Cosñipata (
<collectingCountry id="98AC764C0723A17EFCC8FCC2FC92C4FA" box="[824,880,1668,1694]" name="Peru" pageId="4" pageNumber="305">Peru</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingRegion id="227FF83E0723A17EFC8AFCC2FC27C4FA" box="[890,965,1668,1694]" country="Peru" name="Cusco" pageId="4" pageNumber="305">Cusco</collectingRegion>
). The name of this species is a noun in the nominative singular standing in apposition to the generic name, not Latinized.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E00436DC0723A17EFF37FC8AFE8EC5DA" blockId="4.[151,1437,840,1982]" pageId="4" pageNumber="305">
<emphasis id="D2CFEACE0723A17EFF37FC8AFEDAC482" bold="true" box="[199,312,1740,1766]" pageId="4" pageNumber="305">Ethology.</emphasis>
Males exhibit a territorial behavior in the morning around 10:00 in a sunny forest clearing at around
<quantity id="27439B390723A17EFA7EFC8AFF4FC56E" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="305" unit="m" value="5.0">5 m</quantity>
from the ground (
<tableCitation id="AD3903670723A17EFE82FCB6FE26C56E" box="[370,452,1776,1802]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="6.[151,239,151,175]" captionTargetId="graphics-55@6.[151,1437,216,338]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="TABLE 1. Comparison of spatial time-slots between males of T. tierralinda sp. nov. and T. columbicola (Strand) based on the observations of 11 males in the course of four years." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/B4C466540721A17CFF67FAD1FCECC2B0" pageId="4" pageNumber="305" tableUuid="B4C466540721A17CFF67FAD1FCECC2B0">Table 1</tableCitation>
). They chase conspecific males and butterflies from other families that have transgressed into their territory with a powerful flight. Usually, the fighting remains in the flight zone, having a
<quantity id="27439B390723A17EFAFFFD52FA7EC54A" box="[1295,1436,1812,1839]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="305" unit="m" value="4.0" valueMax="5.0" valueMin="3.0">3 to 5 meter</quantity>
radius from the perch (
<figureCitation id="78802A590723A17EFE67FD7EFE08C536" box="[407,490,1848,1874]" captionStart="FIGURE 24" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1483,1507]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,881,1459]" captionTargetId="figure-57@8.[151,1436,881,1459]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 24. Flight zone of T. tierralinda sp. nov. in 2019 and 2021 (higher oval) and the approximate flight zone of T. columbicola in 2017 and 2018 (lower oval) from a riverside clearing adjacent to the Tierra Linda Reserve camp (picture taken in 2021). Arrows indicate the preferred location for the observation posts." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8142272" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8142272/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="305">Fig. 24</figureCitation>
), but sometimes
<specimenCount id="F6BDFD550723A17EFD58FD7EFCF8C536" box="[680,794,1848,1874]" pageId="4" pageNumber="305" type="male">two males</specimenCount>
leave the flight zone and fly away, circling perhaps more than 30 meters into the air before returning and landing on top of the vegetation. Only a small number of males of
<taxonomicName id="27BB4D5F0723A17EFA78FD1BFEF2C5FE" authority="Faynel &amp; Fåhraeus, 2023" authorityName="Faynel &amp; Fåhraeus" authorityYear="2023" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Thereus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="305" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tierralinda" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="D2CFEACE0723A17EFA78FD1BFEF2C5FE" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="305">T. tierralinda</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="D2CFEACE0723A17EFEE7FDC6FE92C5FE" bold="true" box="[279,368,1920,1946]" pageId="4" pageNumber="305">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="C9FC57B50723A17EFEE7FDC6FE92C5FE" box="[279,368,1920,1946]" pageId="4" pageNumber="305" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
were observed flying at the same time, generally two but occasionally three, a pattern also seen for
<taxonomicName id="27BB4D5F0723A17EFF4FFDE3FE86C5DA" box="[191,356,1956,1982]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Thereus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="305" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="columbicola">
<emphasis id="D2CFEACE0723A17EFF4FFDE3FE86C5DA" box="[191,356,1956,1982]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="305">T. columbicola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="A8A165570722A17FFF37FAD0FE1FC29D" pageId="5" pageNumber="306" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="E00436DC0722A17FFF37FAD0FE1FC29D" blockId="5.[151,1436,150,249]" pageId="5" pageNumber="306">
<emphasis id="D2CFEACE0722A17FFF37FAD0FDFFC2D4" bold="true" box="[199,541,150,177]" pageId="5" pageNumber="306">Distribution and bionomics.</emphasis>
This species is only known from the type-locality (
<figureCitation id="78802A590722A17FFB72FAD1FB28C2D5" box="[1154,1226,151,177]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1982,2006]" captionTargetBox="[198,1390,1475,1958]" captionTargetId="figure-195@3.[198,1390,1475,1958]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 9. Type locality of Thereus tierralinda sp. nov., with the Manu Road going through Chontachaca on the North along the Cosñipata river (source: Google Earth)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8142258" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8142258/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="306">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
). This old-growth secondary rainforest was well conserved until 2019. In 2021, unfortunately, large areas were cut for coca cultivation and construction of new lodges.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
Reference in a new issue View git blame Copy permalink