349 lines
55 KiB
XML
349 lines
55 KiB
XML
<document id="7DBB8F8511B8E4CC9368D2FCB1CD95AE" ID-CLB-Dataset="55854" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5128.1.6" ID-GBIF-Dataset="1d4bdfae-b87b-4824-afa7-049177f8fad0" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6479636" ID-ZooBank="6BB58C2A-323F-4DE4-A0CA-3140428D1D3B" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1650719839255" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Teoh, Vincent Yong Jian & Woo, Sau Pinn" docDate="2022" docId="4150A955FF8BA56FFF2CFAD4E67DF800" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5128.1.6.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5128 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Acaudina spinifera Teoh & Woo 2022, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docUuid="C75C0C7F-9EA2-4E0F-B570-BBB5838545DE" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="115" masterDocId="BD69D12DFF8EA567FFBBFF8FE530FFDE" masterDocTitle="Two new species of sea cucumbers (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea) from the seagrass meadow of Penang, Malaysia" masterLastPageNumber="118" masterPageNumber="107" pageNumber="112" updateTime="1699329046161" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:mods id="675C6A2F3CB331A099ABD011FE825553" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="8F5A793A2AC71F3858983BED21E295CD">
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<mods:title id="8FF269CF5850AEA0EB3FEE86B3730ACB">Two new species of sea cucumbers (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea) from the seagrass meadow of Penang, Malaysia</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="863F7260BEDD6A0926945B9B4B55732A" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="7D82433A401A5987D36CBB4600DE5743">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="BFBA445757A73C0DBD7839535D04C9C9">Teoh, Vincent Yong Jian</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name id="C031CA0ED2041C02014C9122C00DE111" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="835AF29AC495A154B11F59AA973E13B6">
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<mods:roleTerm id="AB9ED232E9B64304A33547835BCB4C27">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="09FB76553B03D5DB3B3EC103C02215B8">Woo, Sau Pinn</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="F3C20C7196CD7FFA621B669D97E9CE7C">Corresponding: woosaupinn @ usm. my</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="CCA9D70CA6C242F28D919247BFCF4038">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo id="E86FF5B69E3397AC95E085A4D5B6EABA">
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<mods:title id="2CFC39504F571CF231D169BA79726E62">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="768207580688E00EB871059FBA0FF246">
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<mods:date id="11291ADD7DE5956E49C3535D752489DA">2022</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="000D3671C755464F09E886849BF9C2E0">2022-04-19</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="F23F02642EE5B514C9525B3E6D00EAF3">5128</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="F1E5C235DF35D2647AB5DA3AB889B918" type="issue">
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<mods:number id="167F40B4D820838C13E5301C3AC89582">1</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="A11D8CBB292860ADCE3371FE5A0C40A7">107</mods:start>
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<mods:end id="AF712D99A501DD4FCBAA9E006A11736C">118</mods:end>
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<mods:classification id="8584F22B5DC914DA41BA6E7389575C92">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="0756E49E376C6CDE7EC8D622289647BC" type="CLB-Dataset">55854</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="EAEC8A6944526E9CF282BDADDAB846A7" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.5128.1.6</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="7ABB01ADD637835C0C3D73205DCB11AC" type="ZooBank">6BB58C2A-323F-4DE4-A0CA-3140428D1D3B</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment id="4150A955FF8BA56FFF2CFAD4E67DF800" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6479626" ID-GBIF-Taxon="194847498" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6479626" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:C75C0C7F-9EA2-4E0F-B570-BBB5838545DE" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/4150A955FF8BA56FFF2CFAD4E67DF800" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="115" pageId="5" pageNumber="112">
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<subSubSection id="81E34BC8FF8BA562FF2CFAD4E4D4FAA8" box="[151,484,1371,1398]" pageId="5" pageNumber="112" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="C9461843FF8BA562FF2CFAD4E4D4FAA8" blockId="5.[151,484,1371,1434]" box="[151,484,1371,1398]" pageId="5" pageNumber="112">
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<heading id="920EAF2FFF8BA562FF2CFAD4E4D4FAA8" bold="true" box="[151,484,1371,1398]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="112" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="FB8DC451FF8BA562FF2CFAD4E4D4FAA8" bold="true" box="[151,484,1371,1398]" pageId="5" pageNumber="112">
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<taxonomicName id="0EF963C0FF8BA562FF2CFAD4E4B0FAAB" authority="Teoh & Woo, 2022" authorityName="Teoh & Woo" authorityYear="2022" box="[151,384,1371,1398]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Caudinidae" genus="Acaudina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Molpadida" pageId="5" pageNumber="112" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="spinifera" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="FB8DC451FF8BA562FF2CFAD4E4B0FAAB" bold="true" box="[151,384,1371,1398]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="112">Acaudina spinifera</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="E0BE792AFF8BA562FE3CFAD3E4D4FAA8" box="[391,484,1372,1398]" pageId="5" pageNumber="112" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="81E34BC8FF8BA562FF2CFA0FE42CFA44" box="[151,284,1408,1434]" pageId="5" pageNumber="112" type="description">
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<paragraph id="C9461843FF8BA562FF2CFA0FE42CFA44" blockId="5.[151,484,1371,1434]" box="[151,284,1408,1434]" pageId="5" pageNumber="112">
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<figureCitation id="51C204C6FF8BA562FF2CFA0FE42CFA44" box="[151,284,1408,1434]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 6" captionStart-1="FIGURE 7" captionStart-2="FIGURE 8" captionStart-3="FIGURE 9" captionStartId-0="7.[151,250,622,646]" captionStartId-1="7.[151,250,1072,1096]" captionStartId-2="8.[151,250,1449,1473]" captionStartId-3="9.[151,250,821,845]" captionTargetBox-0="[151,1435,201,598]" captionTargetBox-1="[151,1435,670,1048]" captionTargetBox-2="[254,1331,187,1413]" captionTargetBox-3="[357,1256,154,801]" captionTargetId-0="figure-19@7.[151,1435,201,598]" captionTargetId-1="figure-34@7.[151,1435,670,1048]" captionTargetId-2="figure-27@8.[245,1342,181,1425]" captionTargetId-3="figure-346@9.[353,1260,151,805]" captionTargetPageId-0="7" captionTargetPageId-1="7" captionTargetPageId-2="8" captionTargetPageId-3="9" captionText-0="FIGURE 6. Acaudina spinifera sp. nov., USMCRC-Echi 029; lateral view. A=Anterior; P=Posterior." captionText-1="FIGURE 7. Acaudina spinifera sp. nov., USMCRC-Echi 030; lateral view. A=Anterior; P=Posterior." captionText-2="FIGURE 8. Calcareous ring of Acaudina spinifera sp. nov. viewed from the body cavity, USMCRC-Echi 029. R=Radial plate; IR=Interradial plate; A=Anterior; P=Posterior." captionText-3="FIGURE 9. Ossicles of Acaudina spinifera sp. nov. USMCRC-Echi 029. A–B. Spinose doughnut-shaped bodies from dorsal body wall; C. Spinose perforated plates from dorsal body wall; D. Spinose sub-spherical bodies from dorsal body wall; E. Spinose perforated plates from caudal region body wall; F. Spinose sub-spherical bodies from caudal region body wall; G. Rosettes from caudal region body wall; H. Rosette-like rods from caudal region body wall; I. Thick rounded rods from caudal region body wall; J. Dumbbell-shaped rod from caudal region body wall; K. Rosette in tentacle." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6479648" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6479650" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6479652" figureDoi-3="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6479654" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/6479648/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/6479650/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/6479652/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/6479654/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="112">Figures 6–9</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="81E34BC8FF8BA562FF2CFA47E464F990" pageId="5" pageNumber="112" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="C9461843FF8BA562FF2CFA47E72FF9D8" blockId="5.[151,1437,1480,1866]" pageId="5" pageNumber="112">
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<emphasis id="FB8DC451FF8BA562FF2CFA47E4B8FA3C" bold="true" box="[151,392,1480,1506]" pageId="5" pageNumber="112">Material examined.</emphasis>
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<materialsCitation id="7991121EFF8BA562FE34FA47E72FF9D8" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3756495305" collectingDate="2019-12-13" collectionCode="V" collectorName="Teoh, V.Y.J." pageId="5" pageNumber="112" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
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<typeStatus id="1642A6E1FF8BA562FE34FA47E4CDFA3C" box="[399,509,1480,1506]" pageId="5" pageNumber="112" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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. USMCRC-Echi 029,
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<collectorName id="640C7D95FF8BA562FCBDFA47E691FA3C" box="[774,929,1480,1506]" pageId="5" pageNumber="112">Middle Bank</collectorName>
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, intertidal, on sandbank, hand collected by
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<collectorName id="640C7D95FF8BA562FF2CFA63E5E0F9D8" box="[151,208,1516,1542]" pageId="5" pageNumber="112">Teoh</collectorName>
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<collectionCode id="AFE88086FF8BA562FF6CFA62E5DEF9D9" box="[215,238,1517,1543]" country="Canada" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13946" name="Royal British Columbia Museum - Herbarium" pageId="5" pageNumber="112" type="Museum">V</collectionCode>
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.
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<collectorName id="640C7D95FF8BA562FF4AFA62E42CF9D9" box="[241,284,1517,1543]" name="Vincent Yong Jian Teoh" pageId="5" pageNumber="112">Y.J.</collectorName>
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,
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<date id="BD473E83FF8BA562FE93FA63E72CF9D8" box="[296,540,1516,1542]" pageId="5" pageNumber="112" value="2019-12-13">
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<collectingDate id="AD03C76BFF8BA562FE93FA63E72CF9D8" box="[296,540,1516,1542]" pageId="5" pageNumber="112" value="2019-12-13">13th December 2019</collectingDate>
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||
</date>
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||
.
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="C9461843FF8BA562FF7CF99EE464F990" blockId="5.[151,1437,1480,1866]" pageId="5" pageNumber="112">
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||
<materialsCitation id="7991121EFF8BA562FF7CF99EE461F990" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3756495301" collectingDate="2019-12-13" collectionCode="V" collectorName="Teoh, V.Y.J." pageId="5" pageNumber="112" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
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||
<typeStatus id="1642A6E1FF8BA562FF7CF99EE41FF9F5" box="[199,303,1553,1579]" pageId="5" pageNumber="112" type="paratype">Paratype</typeStatus>
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. USMCRC-Echi 030,
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<collectorName id="640C7D95FF8BA562FD8DF99FE7E2F9F4" box="[566,722,1552,1578]" pageId="5" pageNumber="112">Middle Bank</collectorName>
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||
, intertidal, on sandbank, hand collected by
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<collectorName id="640C7D95FF8BA562FB6FF99FE03DF9F4" box="[1236,1293,1552,1578]" pageId="5" pageNumber="112">Teoh</collectorName>
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||
<collectionCode id="AFE88086FF8BA562FAADF99EE01DF9F5" box="[1302,1325,1553,1579]" country="Canada" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13946" name="Royal British Columbia Museum - Herbarium" pageId="5" pageNumber="112" type="Museum">V</collectionCode>
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.
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<collectorName id="640C7D95FF8BA562FA8AF99EE06CF9F5" box="[1329,1372,1553,1579]" name="Vincent Yong Jian Teoh" pageId="5" pageNumber="112">Y.J.</collectorName>
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,
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<date id="BD473E83FF8BA562FAD1F99FE461F990" pageId="5" pageNumber="112" value="2019-12-13">
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<collectingDate id="AD03C76BFF8BA562FAD1F99FE461F990" pageId="5" pageNumber="112" value="2019-12-13">13th December 2019</collectingDate>
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||
</date>
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||
</materialsCitation>
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||
.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="81E34BC8FF8BA560FF7CF9D7E16DFA26" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="114" pageId="5" pageNumber="112" type="description">
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<paragraph id="C9461843FF8BA562FF7CF9D7E5ECF894" blockId="5.[151,1437,1480,1866]" pageId="5" pageNumber="112">
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<emphasis id="FB8DC451FF8BA562FF7CF9D7E46CF9AC" bold="true" box="[199,348,1624,1650]" pageId="5" pageNumber="112">Description.</emphasis>
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Specimen length
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<quantity id="0E01B5A6FF8BA562FD91F9D7E78BF9AC" box="[554,699,1624,1650]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" metricValueMax="2.2" metricValueMin="1.8" pageId="5" pageNumber="112" unit="mm" value="200.0" valueMax="220.0" valueMin="180.0">180–220mm</quantity>
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(
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<figureCitation id="51C204C6FF8BA562FD72F9D7E67DF9AD" box="[713,845,1624,1651]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 6" captionStart-1="FIGURE 7" captionStartId-0="7.[151,250,622,646]" captionStartId-1="7.[151,250,1072,1096]" captionTargetBox-0="[151,1435,201,598]" captionTargetBox-1="[151,1435,670,1048]" captionTargetId-0="figure-19@7.[151,1435,201,598]" captionTargetId-1="figure-34@7.[151,1435,670,1048]" captionTargetPageId-0="7" captionTargetPageId-1="7" captionText-0="FIGURE 6. Acaudina spinifera sp. nov., USMCRC-Echi 029; lateral view. A=Anterior; P=Posterior." captionText-1="FIGURE 7. Acaudina spinifera sp. nov., USMCRC-Echi 030; lateral view. A=Anterior; P=Posterior." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6479648" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6479650" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/6479648/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/6479650/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="112">Figure 6–7</figureCitation>
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). Body stout and cylindrical. Posterior end tapering when relaxed. Mouth and anus terminal; tend to turn upwards when relaxed. Body wall smooth and not translucent. Body color dark pink with dark brown and orange flecks. Tube feet absent. Respiratory tree and anal papillae present. Anal papillae small. Fifteen digitate tentacles; no terminal digits; a pair of lateral digits. Calcareous ring (
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<figureCitation id="51C204C6FF8BA562FF6EF967E408F8DC" box="[213,312,1768,1794]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1449,1473]" captionTargetBox="[254,1331,187,1413]" captionTargetId="figure-27@8.[245,1342,181,1425]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 8. Calcareous ring of Acaudina spinifera sp. nov. viewed from the body cavity, USMCRC-Echi 029. R=Radial plate; IR=Interradial plate; A=Anterior; P=Posterior." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6479652" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6479652/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="112">Figure 8</figureCitation>
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) solid. Radial piece with bifurcated prolongations at posterior; two ridges running longitudinally converging and connecting at median anterior, forming a notch. Interradial piece with no prolongations at posterior.
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="9D8648CBFF88A561FF2CF8D9E1ADF869" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6479646" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6479646" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6479646/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="113" startId="6.[151,250,1878,1902]" targetBox="[173,1413,183,1841]" targetPageId="6">
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<paragraph id="C9461843FF88A561FF2CF8D9E1ADF869" blockId="6.[151,1436,1878,1975]" pageId="6" pageNumber="113">
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<emphasis id="FB8DC451FF88A561FF2CF8D9E424F8B1" bold="true" box="[151,276,1878,1903]" pageId="6" pageNumber="113">FIGURE 5.</emphasis>
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Ossicles of
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<taxonomicName id="0EF963C0FF88A561FE2FF8D8E7A1F8B1" authority="Teoh & Woo, 2022" authorityName="Teoh & Woo" authorityYear="2022" box="[404,657,1879,1903]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Sclerodactylidae" genus="Euthyonidiella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="6" pageNumber="113" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="zulfigaris" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="FB8DC451FF88A561FE2FF8D8E7A1F8B1" box="[404,657,1879,1903]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="113">Euthyonidiella zulfigaris</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="E0BE792AFF88A561FD23F8D8E7D8F8B0" box="[664,744,1879,1902]" pageId="6" pageNumber="113" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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USMCRC-Echi 010. A. Tables in dorsal body wall; B. Tables with three-pillared spires in dorsal body wall; C. Endplate in tube feet; D. Large rods in tentacle; E. Small rod in tentacle; F. Spinose rod in tentacle; G. Rosettes in tentacle; H. Tables in body wall near anus; I. Table in dorsal body wall.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption id="9D8648CBFF89A560FF2CFDE1E1A8FD58" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6479648" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6479648" box="[151,1176,622,646]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6479648/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="114" startId="7.[151,250,622,646]" targetBox="[151,1435,201,598]" targetPageId="7">
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<paragraph id="C9461843FF89A560FF2CFDE1E1A8FD58" blockId="7.[151,1176,622,646]" box="[151,1176,622,646]" pageId="7" pageNumber="114">
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<emphasis id="FB8DC451FF89A560FF2CFDE1E423FD58" bold="true" box="[151,275,622,646]" pageId="7" pageNumber="114">FIGURE 6.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="0EF963C0FF89A560FEA2FDE1E4EBFD58" authority="Teoh & Woo, 2022" authorityName="Teoh & Woo" authorityYear="2022" box="[281,475,622,646]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Caudinidae" genus="Acaudina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Molpadida" pageId="7" pageNumber="114" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="spinifera" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="FB8DC451FF89A560FEA2FDE1E4EBFD58" box="[281,475,622,646]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="114">Acaudina spinifera</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="E0BE792AFF89A560FE5AFDE1E702FD5B" box="[481,562,622,645]" pageId="7" pageNumber="114" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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||
, USMCRC-Echi 029; lateral view. A=Anterior; P=Posterior.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="9D8648CBFF89A560FF2CFBBFE1A8FB96" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6479650" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6479650" box="[151,1176,1072,1096]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6479650/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="114" startId="7.[151,250,1072,1096]" targetBox="[151,1435,670,1048]" targetPageId="7">
|
||
<paragraph id="C9461843FF89A560FF2CFBBFE1A8FB96" blockId="7.[151,1176,1072,1096]" box="[151,1176,1072,1096]" pageId="7" pageNumber="114">
|
||
<emphasis id="FB8DC451FF89A560FF2CFBBFE423FB96" bold="true" box="[151,275,1072,1096]" pageId="7" pageNumber="114">FIGURE 7.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0EF963C0FF89A560FEA2FBBFE4EBFB96" authority="Teoh & Woo, 2022" authorityName="Teoh & Woo" authorityYear="2022" box="[281,475,1072,1096]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Caudinidae" genus="Acaudina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Molpadida" pageId="7" pageNumber="114" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="spinifera" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="FB8DC451FF89A560FEA2FBBFE4EBFB96" box="[281,475,1072,1096]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="114">Acaudina spinifera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="E0BE792AFF89A560FE5AFBBEE702FB96" box="[481,562,1073,1096]" pageId="7" pageNumber="114" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, USMCRC-Echi 030; lateral view. A=Anterior; P=Posterior.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="C9461843FF89A560FF7CFBF9E16DFA26" blockId="7.[151,1437,1142,1997]" pageId="7" pageNumber="114">
|
||
<emphasis id="FB8DC451FF89A560FF7CFBF9E41FFB4E" bold="true" box="[199,303,1142,1168]" pageId="7" pageNumber="114">Ossicles.</emphasis>
|
||
Dorsal body wall ossicles consist of doughnut-shaped bodies, perforated plates, and sub-spherical bodies. Doughnut-shaped bodies in dorsal body wall (
|
||
<figureCitation id="51C204C6FF89A560FCF1FB15E6D8FB6A" box="[842,1000,1178,1204]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="9.[151,250,821,845]" captionTargetBox="[357,1256,154,801]" captionTargetId="figure-346@9.[353,1260,151,805]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 9. Ossicles of Acaudina spinifera sp. nov. USMCRC-Echi 029. A–B. Spinose doughnut-shaped bodies from dorsal body wall; C. Spinose perforated plates from dorsal body wall; D. Spinose sub-spherical bodies from dorsal body wall; E. Spinose perforated plates from caudal region body wall; F. Spinose sub-spherical bodies from caudal region body wall; G. Rosettes from caudal region body wall; H. Rosette-like rods from caudal region body wall; I. Thick rounded rods from caudal region body wall; J. Dumbbell-shaped rod from caudal region body wall; K. Rosette in tentacle." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6479654" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6479654/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="114">Figure 9A–B</figureCitation>
|
||
) spinose with 31–35μm in length; a single median perforation. Perforated plates in dorsal body wall (
|
||
<figureCitation id="51C204C6FF89A560FC28FB31E13BFB06" box="[915,1035,1214,1240]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="9.[151,250,821,845]" captionTargetBox="[357,1256,154,801]" captionTargetId="figure-346@9.[353,1260,151,805]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 9. Ossicles of Acaudina spinifera sp. nov. USMCRC-Echi 029. A–B. Spinose doughnut-shaped bodies from dorsal body wall; C. Spinose perforated plates from dorsal body wall; D. Spinose sub-spherical bodies from dorsal body wall; E. Spinose perforated plates from caudal region body wall; F. Spinose sub-spherical bodies from caudal region body wall; G. Rosettes from caudal region body wall; H. Rosette-like rods from caudal region body wall; I. Thick rounded rods from caudal region body wall; J. Dumbbell-shaped rod from caudal region body wall; K. Rosette in tentacle." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6479654" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6479654/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="114">Figure 9C</figureCitation>
|
||
) spinose with 33–35μm in length. Sub-spherical bodies (
|
||
<figureCitation id="51C204C6FF89A560FE23FB6DE721FB22" box="[408,529,1250,1276]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="9.[151,250,821,845]" captionTargetBox="[357,1256,154,801]" captionTargetId="figure-346@9.[353,1260,151,805]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 9. Ossicles of Acaudina spinifera sp. nov. USMCRC-Echi 029. A–B. Spinose doughnut-shaped bodies from dorsal body wall; C. Spinose perforated plates from dorsal body wall; D. Spinose sub-spherical bodies from dorsal body wall; E. Spinose perforated plates from caudal region body wall; F. Spinose sub-spherical bodies from caudal region body wall; G. Rosettes from caudal region body wall; H. Rosette-like rods from caudal region body wall; I. Thick rounded rods from caudal region body wall; J. Dumbbell-shaped rod from caudal region body wall; K. Rosette in tentacle." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6479654" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6479654/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="114">Figure 9D</figureCitation>
|
||
) spinose with 35–38μm in length. Caudal region body wall ossicles consist of perforated plates, sub-spherical bodies, rosette-like plates, and rods. Perforated plates in caudal region body wall (
|
||
<figureCitation id="51C204C6FF89A560FF24FAA5E422FA9A" box="[159,274,1322,1348]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="9.[151,250,821,845]" captionTargetBox="[357,1256,154,801]" captionTargetId="figure-346@9.[353,1260,151,805]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 9. Ossicles of Acaudina spinifera sp. nov. USMCRC-Echi 029. A–B. Spinose doughnut-shaped bodies from dorsal body wall; C. Spinose perforated plates from dorsal body wall; D. Spinose sub-spherical bodies from dorsal body wall; E. Spinose perforated plates from caudal region body wall; F. Spinose sub-spherical bodies from caudal region body wall; G. Rosettes from caudal region body wall; H. Rosette-like rods from caudal region body wall; I. Thick rounded rods from caudal region body wall; J. Dumbbell-shaped rod from caudal region body wall; K. Rosette in tentacle." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6479654" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6479654/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="114">Figure 9E</figureCitation>
|
||
) spinose with 30–40μm in length. Sub-spherical bodies in caudal region body wall (
|
||
<figureCitation id="51C204C6FF89A560FB7CFAA5E008FA9A" box="[1223,1336,1322,1348]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="9.[151,250,821,845]" captionTargetBox="[357,1256,154,801]" captionTargetId="figure-346@9.[353,1260,151,805]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 9. Ossicles of Acaudina spinifera sp. nov. USMCRC-Echi 029. A–B. Spinose doughnut-shaped bodies from dorsal body wall; C. Spinose perforated plates from dorsal body wall; D. Spinose sub-spherical bodies from dorsal body wall; E. Spinose perforated plates from caudal region body wall; F. Spinose sub-spherical bodies from caudal region body wall; G. Rosettes from caudal region body wall; H. Rosette-like rods from caudal region body wall; I. Thick rounded rods from caudal region body wall; J. Dumbbell-shaped rod from caudal region body wall; K. Rosette in tentacle." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6479654" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6479654/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="114">Figure 9F</figureCitation>
|
||
) spinose with 30–40μm in length. Rosettes in caudal region body wall (
|
||
<figureCitation id="51C204C6FF89A560FCCDFAC1E6DFFAB6" box="[886,1007,1358,1384]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="9.[151,250,821,845]" captionTargetBox="[357,1256,154,801]" captionTargetId="figure-346@9.[353,1260,151,805]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 9. Ossicles of Acaudina spinifera sp. nov. USMCRC-Echi 029. A–B. Spinose doughnut-shaped bodies from dorsal body wall; C. Spinose perforated plates from dorsal body wall; D. Spinose sub-spherical bodies from dorsal body wall; E. Spinose perforated plates from caudal region body wall; F. Spinose sub-spherical bodies from caudal region body wall; G. Rosettes from caudal region body wall; H. Rosette-like rods from caudal region body wall; I. Thick rounded rods from caudal region body wall; J. Dumbbell-shaped rod from caudal region body wall; K. Rosette in tentacle." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6479654" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6479654/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="114">Figure 9G</figureCitation>
|
||
) 33–38μm in length. Rods in caudal region body wall present in three forms: rosette-like, thick and rounded, and dumbbell-shaped. Rosette-like rods in caudal region body wall (
|
||
<figureCitation id="51C204C6FF89A560FE60FA19E764FA6E" box="[475,596,1430,1456]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="9.[151,250,821,845]" captionTargetBox="[357,1256,154,801]" captionTargetId="figure-346@9.[353,1260,151,805]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 9. Ossicles of Acaudina spinifera sp. nov. USMCRC-Echi 029. A–B. Spinose doughnut-shaped bodies from dorsal body wall; C. Spinose perforated plates from dorsal body wall; D. Spinose sub-spherical bodies from dorsal body wall; E. Spinose perforated plates from caudal region body wall; F. Spinose sub-spherical bodies from caudal region body wall; G. Rosettes from caudal region body wall; H. Rosette-like rods from caudal region body wall; I. Thick rounded rods from caudal region body wall; J. Dumbbell-shaped rod from caudal region body wall; K. Rosette in tentacle." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6479654" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6479654/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="114">Figure 9H</figureCitation>
|
||
) 40μm in length. Thick rounded rods in caudal region body wall (
|
||
<figureCitation id="51C204C6FF89A560FAEBFA19E580FA0A" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="9.[151,250,821,845]" captionTargetBox="[357,1256,154,801]" captionTargetId="figure-346@9.[353,1260,151,805]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 9. Ossicles of Acaudina spinifera sp. nov. USMCRC-Echi 029. A–B. Spinose doughnut-shaped bodies from dorsal body wall; C. Spinose perforated plates from dorsal body wall; D. Spinose sub-spherical bodies from dorsal body wall; E. Spinose perforated plates from caudal region body wall; F. Spinose sub-spherical bodies from caudal region body wall; G. Rosettes from caudal region body wall; H. Rosette-like rods from caudal region body wall; I. Thick rounded rods from caudal region body wall; J. Dumbbell-shaped rod from caudal region body wall; K. Rosette in tentacle." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6479654" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6479654/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="114">Figure 9I</figureCitation>
|
||
) smooth with 20–35μm in length. Dumbbell-shaped rod in caudal region body wall (
|
||
<figureCitation id="51C204C6FF89A560FBD5FA35E1EBFA0A" box="[1134,1243,1466,1492]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="9.[151,250,821,845]" captionTargetBox="[357,1256,154,801]" captionTargetId="figure-346@9.[353,1260,151,805]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 9. Ossicles of Acaudina spinifera sp. nov. USMCRC-Echi 029. A–B. Spinose doughnut-shaped bodies from dorsal body wall; C. Spinose perforated plates from dorsal body wall; D. Spinose sub-spherical bodies from dorsal body wall; E. Spinose perforated plates from caudal region body wall; F. Spinose sub-spherical bodies from caudal region body wall; G. Rosettes from caudal region body wall; H. Rosette-like rods from caudal region body wall; I. Thick rounded rods from caudal region body wall; J. Dumbbell-shaped rod from caudal region body wall; K. Rosette in tentacle." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6479654" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6479654/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="114">Figure 9J</figureCitation>
|
||
) 43μm in length. Tentacle ossicles consist of rosettes. Rosette in tentacle (
|
||
<figureCitation id="51C204C6FF89A560FCA4FA51E6A7FA26" box="[799,919,1502,1528]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="9.[151,250,821,845]" captionTargetBox="[357,1256,154,801]" captionTargetId="figure-346@9.[353,1260,151,805]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 9. Ossicles of Acaudina spinifera sp. nov. USMCRC-Echi 029. A–B. Spinose doughnut-shaped bodies from dorsal body wall; C. Spinose perforated plates from dorsal body wall; D. Spinose sub-spherical bodies from dorsal body wall; E. Spinose perforated plates from caudal region body wall; F. Spinose sub-spherical bodies from caudal region body wall; G. Rosettes from caudal region body wall; H. Rosette-like rods from caudal region body wall; I. Thick rounded rods from caudal region body wall; J. Dumbbell-shaped rod from caudal region body wall; K. Rosette in tentacle." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6479654" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6479654/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="114">Figure 9K</figureCitation>
|
||
) 24μm in length.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="81E34BC8FF89A560FF7CF98DE420F9BA" pageId="7" pageNumber="114" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="C9461843FF89A560FF7CF98DE420F9BA" blockId="7.[151,1437,1142,1997]" pageId="7" pageNumber="114">
|
||
<emphasis id="FB8DC451FF89A560FF7CF98DE460F9C2" bold="true" box="[199,336,1538,1564]" pageId="7" pageNumber="114">Etymology.</emphasis>
|
||
The epithet
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0EF963C0FF89A560FE52F98DE77FF9C2" authorityName="Teoh & Woo" authorityYear="2022" box="[489,591,1538,1564]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Caudinidae" genus="Acaudina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Molpadida" pageId="7" pageNumber="114" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="spinifera">
|
||
<emphasis id="FB8DC451FF89A560FE52F98DE77FF9C2" box="[489,591,1538,1564]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="114">spinifera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(nominative, feminine) is derived from the Latin word spina– meaning “thorn” with –fera meaning “bearing” that refers to the spinose doughnut-shaped ossicle present in the dorsal body wall.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="81E34BC8FF89A56FFF7CF9E1E67DF800" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="115" pageId="7" pageNumber="114" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="C9461843FF89A560FF7CF9E1E1E5F972" blockId="7.[151,1437,1142,1997]" pageId="7" pageNumber="114">
|
||
<emphasis id="FB8DC451FF89A560FF7CF9E1E40DF956" bold="true" box="[199,317,1646,1672]" pageId="7" pageNumber="114">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
The tentacles with only a pair of lateral digits and the absence of the caudal appendage fits with the description of the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0EF963C0FF89A560FE67F91DE77AF972" authorityName="H. L. Clark" authorityYear="1908" box="[476,586,1682,1708]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Caudinidae" genus="Acaudina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Molpadida" pageId="7" pageNumber="114" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="FB8DC451FF89A560FE67F91DE77AF972" box="[476,586,1682,1708]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="114">Acaudina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as described by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="AD6865B2FF89A560FCB2F91DE6ACF972" author="Clark, H. L." box="[777,924,1682,1708]" pageId="7" pageNumber="114" pagination="1 - 231" refId="ref6373" refString="Clark, H. L. (1908) The apodous holothurians. A monograph of the Synaptidae and Molpadiidae. Smithsonian Contributions to Knowledge, 35 (1723), 1 - 231." type="journal article" year="1908">Clark (1908)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="AD6865B2FF89A560FC6FF91DE1E1F972" author="Clark, A. M. & Rowe, F. W. E." box="[980,1233,1682,1709]" pageId="7" pageNumber="114" refId="ref6333" refString="Clark, A. M. & Rowe, F. W. E. (1971) Monograph of Shallow-water Indo-West Pacific Echinoderms. Trustees of the British Museum (Natural History), London, 238 pp." type="book" year="1971">Clark & Rowe (1971)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="C9461843FF89A560FF7CF938E5C0F8E2" blockId="7.[151,1437,1142,1997]" pageId="7" pageNumber="114">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0EF963C0FF89A560FF7CF938E460F90E" authority="Teoh & Woo, 2022" authorityName="Teoh & Woo" authorityYear="2022" box="[199,336,1718,1745]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Caudinidae" genus="Acaudina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Molpadida" pageId="7" pageNumber="114" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="spinifera" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="FB8DC451FF89A560FF7CF938E5E8F90F" box="[199,216,1719,1745]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="114">A</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="FB8DC451FF89A560FF51F939E460F90E" box="[234,336,1718,1744]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="114">spinifera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="E0BE792AFF89A560FEE2F938E484F90F" box="[345,436,1719,1745]" pageId="7" pageNumber="114" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
can be distinguished from its congeners based on the presence of spinose doughnutshaped bodies in the body wall (
|
||
<figureCitation id="51C204C6FF89A560FDBDF955E792F92A" box="[518,674,1754,1780]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="9.[151,250,821,845]" captionTargetBox="[357,1256,154,801]" captionTargetId="figure-346@9.[353,1260,151,805]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 9. Ossicles of Acaudina spinifera sp. nov. USMCRC-Echi 029. A–B. Spinose doughnut-shaped bodies from dorsal body wall; C. Spinose perforated plates from dorsal body wall; D. Spinose sub-spherical bodies from dorsal body wall; E. Spinose perforated plates from caudal region body wall; F. Spinose sub-spherical bodies from caudal region body wall; G. Rosettes from caudal region body wall; H. Rosette-like rods from caudal region body wall; I. Thick rounded rods from caudal region body wall; J. Dumbbell-shaped rod from caudal region body wall; K. Rosette in tentacle." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6479654" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6479654/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="114">Figure 9A–B</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0EF963C0FF89A560FD0EF955E165F92A" authority="(Clark, 1938)" baseAuthorityName="Clark" baseAuthorityYear="1938" box="[693,1109,1754,1780]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Caudinidae" genus="Acaudina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Molpadida" pageId="7" pageNumber="114" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="leucoprocta">
|
||
<emphasis id="FB8DC451FF89A560FD0EF955E682F92A" box="[693,946,1754,1780]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="114">Acaudina leucoprocta</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="AD6865B2FF89A560FC7AF955E17DF92A" author="Clark, H. L." box="[961,1101,1754,1780]" pageId="7" pageNumber="114" pagination="1 - 597" refId="ref6408" refString="Clark, H. L. (1938) Echinoderms from Australia, an account of collections made in 1929 and 1932. Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College, 55, 1 - 597." type="journal article" year="1938">Clark, 1938</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0EF963C0FF89A560FBDAF955E5ECF8C6" authority="(Sluiter, 1887)" baseAuthorityName="Sluiter" baseAuthorityYear="1887" class="Holothuroidea" family="Caudinidae" genus="Acaudina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Molpadida" pageId="7" pageNumber="114" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="punctata">
|
||
<emphasis id="FB8DC451FF89A560FBDAF955E009F92A" box="[1121,1337,1754,1780]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="114">Acaudina punctata</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="AD6865B2FF89A560FAF3F955E5E4F8C6" author="Sluiter, C. P." pageId="7" pageNumber="114" pagination="18 - 220" refId="ref7439" refString="Sluiter, C. P. (1887) Die Evertebraten aus der Sammlung des koniglichen naturwissenschaftlichen Vereins in Niederlandisch Indien in Batavia. Die Echinodermen. 1. Holothuroidea. Natuurkundig Tijdschrift voor Nederlandsch Indi, 47, 18 - 220." type="journal article" year="1887">Sluiter, 1887</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0EF963C0FF89A560FEA5F971E7DAF8C7" authority="(Semper, 1867)" baseAuthorityName="Semper" baseAuthorityYear="1867" box="[286,746,1790,1817]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Caudinidae" genus="Acaudina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Molpadida" pageId="7" pageNumber="114" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="molpadioides">
|
||
<emphasis id="FB8DC451FF89A560FEA5F971E71FF8C6" box="[286,559,1790,1816]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="114">Acaudina molpadioides</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="AD6865B2FF89A560FD84F971E7D2F8C7" author="Semper, C." box="[575,738,1790,1817]" pageId="7" pageNumber="114" refId="ref7407" refString="Semper, C. (1867) Holothurien. Reisen im Archipel der Philippinen. Zweiter Theil. Wissenschaftliche Resultate. Part 2. Wilhelm Engelmann, Leipzig, 288 pp." type="book" year="1867">Semper, 1867</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
all have smooth doughnut-shaped bodies in the body wall instead.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="C9461843FF89A560FF7CF8C9E4DBF813" blockId="7.[151,1437,1142,1997]" pageId="7" pageNumber="114">
|
||
The presence of rosettes and smooth rods differentiates
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0EF963C0FF89A560FCF6F8C8E6E4F8BE" authority="Teoh & Woo, 2022" authorityName="Teoh & Woo" authorityYear="2022" box="[845,980,1862,1889]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Caudinidae" genus="Acaudina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Molpadida" pageId="7" pageNumber="114" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="spinifera" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="FB8DC451FF89A560FCF6F8C8E66EF8BF" box="[845,862,1863,1889]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="114">A</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="FB8DC451FF89A560FCD5F8C9E6E4F8BE" box="[878,980,1862,1888]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="114">spinifera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="E0BE792AFF89A560FC67F8C8E105F8BF" box="[988,1077,1863,1889]" pageId="7" pageNumber="114" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0EF963C0FF89A560FBC7F8C9E4A2F85A" authority="Cherbonnier & Feral, 1981" authorityName="Cherbonnier & Feral" authorityYear="1981" class="Holothuroidea" family="Caudinidae" genus="Acaudina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Molpadida" pageId="7" pageNumber="114" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="suspecta">
|
||
<emphasis id="FB8DC451FF89A560FBC7F8C9E064F8BE" box="[1148,1364,1862,1888]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="114">Acaudina suspecta</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="AD6865B2FF89A560FAE7F8C9E4A2F85A" author="Cherbonnier, G. & Feral, J. P." pageId="7" pageNumber="114" pagination="357 - 412" refId="ref6285" refString="Cherbonnier, G. & Feral, J. P. (1981) Echinodermes: Holothuries. In: Forest, J. (Ed.), Resultats des campagnes MUSORSTOM. Museum National d'Histoire naturelle Paris, Paris, pp. 357 - 412." type="book chapter" year="1981">Cherbonnier & Féral, 1981</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
which was described by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="AD6865B2FF89A560FD17F8E5E6DBF85A" author="Cherbonnier, G. & Feral, J. P." box="[684,1003,1898,1924]" pageId="7" pageNumber="114" pagination="357 - 412" refId="ref6285" refString="Cherbonnier, G. & Feral, J. P. (1981) Echinodermes: Holothuries. In: Forest, J. (Ed.), Resultats des campagnes MUSORSTOM. Museum National d'Histoire naturelle Paris, Paris, pp. 357 - 412." type="book chapter" year="1981">Cherbonnier & Féral (1981)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
to only have spinose perforated plates and spinose rods. The spinose rods found in the body wall of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0EF963C0FF89A560FCE1F801E06DF876" authority="Cherbonnier & Feral, 1981" authorityName="Cherbonnier & Feral" authorityYear="1981" box="[858,1373,1934,1960]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Caudinidae" genus="Acaudina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Molpadida" pageId="7" pageNumber="114" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="bacilla">
|
||
<emphasis id="FB8DC451FF89A560FCE1F801E12FF876" box="[858,1055,1934,1960]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="114">Acaudina bacilla</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="AD6865B2FF89A560FB9CF801E06DF876" author="Cherbonnier, G. & Feral, J. P." box="[1063,1373,1934,1960]" pageId="7" pageNumber="114" pagination="357 - 412" refId="ref6285" refString="Cherbonnier, G. & Feral, J. P. (1981) Echinodermes: Holothuries. In: Forest, J. (Ed.), Resultats des campagnes MUSORSTOM. Museum National d'Histoire naturelle Paris, Paris, pp. 357 - 412." type="book chapter" year="1981">Cherbonnier & Féral, 1981</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
were absent in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0EF963C0FF89A560FEBEF83CE4BBF812" authority="Teoh & Woo, 2022" authorityName="Teoh & Woo" authorityYear="2022" box="[261,395,1970,1997]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Caudinidae" genus="Acaudina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Molpadida" pageId="7" pageNumber="114" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="spinifera" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="FB8DC451FF89A560FEBEF83CE426F813" box="[261,278,1971,1997]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="114">A</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="FB8DC451FF89A560FE9EF83DE4BBF812" box="[293,395,1970,1996]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="114">spinifera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="E0BE792AFF89A560FE28F83CE4DBF813" box="[403,491,1971,1997]" pageId="7" pageNumber="114" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="9D8648CBFF86A56FFF2CFA26E75DFA3B" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6479652" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6479652" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6479652/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="115" startId="8.[151,250,1449,1473]" targetBox="[254,1331,187,1413]" targetPageId="8">
|
||
<paragraph id="C9461843FF86A56FFF2CFA26E75DFA3B" blockId="8.[151,1436,1449,1509]" pageId="8" pageNumber="115">
|
||
<emphasis id="FB8DC451FF86A56FFF2CFA26E423FA1F" bold="true" box="[151,275,1449,1473]" pageId="8" pageNumber="115">FIGURE 8.</emphasis>
|
||
Calcareous ring of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0EF963C0FF86A56FFE61FA26E7ABFA1F" authority="Teoh & Woo, 2022" authorityName="Teoh & Woo" authorityYear="2022" box="[474,667,1449,1473]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Caudinidae" genus="Acaudina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Molpadida" pageId="8" pageNumber="115" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="spinifera" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="FB8DC451FF86A56FFE61FA26E7ABFA1F" box="[474,667,1449,1473]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="115">Acaudina spinifera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="E0BE792AFF86A56FFD19FA26E7C0FA1E" box="[674,752,1449,1472]" pageId="8" pageNumber="115" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
viewed from the body cavity, USMCRC-Echi 029. R=Radial plate; IR=Interradial plate; A=Anterior; P=Posterior.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="C9461843FF86A56FFF7CF99CE404F8D8" blockId="8.[151,1437,1555,2014]" pageId="8" pageNumber="115">
|
||
The species
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0EF963C0FF86A56FFEE3F99CE7E4F9F3" authority="(Sluiter, 1901)" baseAuthorityName="Sluiter" baseAuthorityYear="1901" box="[344,724,1555,1581]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Caudinidae" genus="Acaudina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Molpadida" pageId="8" pageNumber="115" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="demissa">
|
||
<emphasis id="FB8DC451FF86A56FFEE3F99CE717F9F3" box="[344,551,1555,1581]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="115">Acaudina demissa</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="AD6865B2FF86A56FFD8DF99CE7FBF9F3" author="Sluiter, C. P." box="[566,715,1555,1581]" pageId="8" pageNumber="115" pagination="1 - 142" refId="ref7482" refString="Sluiter, C. P. (1901) Die Holothurien der Siboga-Expedition. In: Weber, M., (Ed.), Siboga Expeditie (Uitkomsten op zoologisch, botanisch, oceanographisch en geologisch gebied verzameld in Nederlandsch Oost-Indie 1899 - 1900 aan boord H. M. Siboga onder commando van Luitenant ter zee 1 e kl. G. F. Tydeman). E. J. Brill, Leiden, pp. 1 - 142. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 85348" type="book chapter" year="1901">Sluiter, 1901</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was initially described to only have spinose perforated discs. However,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="AD6865B2FF86A56FFEB0F9B8E775F98F" author="Cherbonnier, G. & Feral, J. P." box="[267,581,1591,1617]" pageId="8" pageNumber="115" pagination="357 - 412" refId="ref6285" refString="Cherbonnier, G. & Feral, J. P. (1981) Echinodermes: Holothuries. In: Forest, J. (Ed.), Resultats des campagnes MUSORSTOM. Museum National d'Histoire naturelle Paris, Paris, pp. 357 - 412." type="book chapter" year="1981">Cherbonnier & Féral (1981)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
remarked that the ossicles described by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="AD6865B2FF86A56FFBB2F9B8E195F98F" author="Sluiter, C. P." box="[1033,1189,1591,1617]" pageId="8" pageNumber="115" pagination="1 - 142" refId="ref7482" refString="Sluiter, C. P. (1901) Die Holothurien der Siboga-Expedition. In: Weber, M., (Ed.), Siboga Expeditie (Uitkomsten op zoologisch, botanisch, oceanographisch en geologisch gebied verzameld in Nederlandsch Oost-Indie 1899 - 1900 aan boord H. M. Siboga onder commando van Luitenant ter zee 1 e kl. G. F. Tydeman). E. J. Brill, Leiden, pp. 1 - 142. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 85348" type="book chapter" year="1901">Sluiter (1901)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
was not typical for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0EF963C0FF86A56FFA3FF9B8E5C5F9AB" baseAuthorityName="Sluiter" baseAuthorityYear="1901" class="Holothuroidea" family="Caudinidae" genus="Acaudina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Molpadida" pageId="8" pageNumber="115" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="demissa">
|
||
<emphasis id="FB8DC451FF86A56FFA3FF9B8E0A5F98F" box="[1412,1429,1591,1617]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="115">A</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="FB8DC451FF86A56FFF2CF9D4E5C5F9AB" box="[151,245,1627,1653]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="115">demissa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="FB8DC451FF86A56FFF4EF9D4E5C9F9AB" box="[245,249,1627,1653]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="115">.</emphasis>
|
||
Instead of spinose perforated discs,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="AD6865B2FF86A56FFD2EF9D4E6E2F9AB" author="Cherbonnier, G. & Feral, J. P." box="[661,978,1627,1653]" pageId="8" pageNumber="115" pagination="357 - 412" refId="ref6285" refString="Cherbonnier, G. & Feral, J. P. (1981) Echinodermes: Holothuries. In: Forest, J. (Ed.), Resultats des campagnes MUSORSTOM. Museum National d'Histoire naturelle Paris, Paris, pp. 357 - 412." type="book chapter" year="1981">Cherbonnier & Féral (1981)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
re-examined the
|
||
<typeStatus id="1642A6E1FF86A56FFB2CF9D4E1C9F9AB" box="[1175,1273,1627,1653]" pageId="8" pageNumber="115" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
and described the majority of the ossicles were either more irregular, very spinous, and often sub-spherical in shape, or rods that were finely spinose with both ends expanded. Regardless,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0EF963C0FF86A56FFC88F92CE688F963" authority="Teoh & Woo, 2022" authorityName="Teoh & Woo" authorityYear="2022" box="[819,952,1699,1726]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Caudinidae" genus="Acaudina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Molpadida" pageId="8" pageNumber="115" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="spinifera" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="FB8DC451FF86A56FFC88F92CE674F963" box="[819,836,1699,1725]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="115">A</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="FB8DC451FF86A56FFCEFF92CE688F963" box="[852,952,1699,1725]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="115">spinifera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="E0BE792AFF86A56FFC7BF92BE129F960" box="[960,1049,1700,1726]" pageId="8" pageNumber="115" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
can still be differentiated from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0EF963C0FF86A56FFA3FF92CE5C1F93F" baseAuthorityName="Sluiter" baseAuthorityYear="1901" class="Holothuroidea" family="Caudinidae" genus="Acaudina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Molpadida" pageId="8" pageNumber="115" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="demissa">
|
||
<emphasis id="FB8DC451FF86A56FFA3FF92CE0A5F963" box="[1412,1429,1699,1725]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="115">A</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="FB8DC451FF86A56FFF2CF948E5C1F93F" box="[151,241,1735,1761]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="115">demissa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
based on the rosettes, smooth rounded rods, and spinose doughnut-shaped bodies, all of which were absent in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0EF963C0FF86A56FFF0FF964E41DF8DB" baseAuthorityName="Sluiter" baseAuthorityYear="1901" box="[180,301,1771,1798]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Caudinidae" genus="Acaudina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Molpadida" pageId="8" pageNumber="115" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="demissa">
|
||
<emphasis id="FB8DC451FF86A56FFF0FF964E5F5F8DB" box="[180,197,1771,1797]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="115">A</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="FB8DC451FF86A56FFF68F964E41DF8DB" box="[211,301,1771,1797]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="115">demissa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="C9461843FF86A56FFF7CF880E020F84B" blockId="8.[151,1437,1555,2014]" pageId="8" pageNumber="115">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="AD6865B2FF86A56FFF7CF880E45FF8F4" author="Semper, C." box="[199,367,1807,1834]" pageId="8" pageNumber="115" refId="ref7407" refString="Semper, C. (1867) Holothurien. Reisen im Archipel der Philippinen. Zweiter Theil. Wissenschaftliche Resultate. Part 2. Wilhelm Engelmann, Leipzig, 288 pp." type="book" year="1867">Semper (1867)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
remarked that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0EF963C0FF86A56FFDA2F880E699F8F4" authority="(Semper, 1867)" baseAuthorityName="Semper" baseAuthorityYear="1867" box="[537,937,1807,1834]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Caudinidae" genus="Acaudina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Molpadida" pageId="8" pageNumber="115" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="pellucida">
|
||
<emphasis id="FB8DC451FF86A56FFDA2F880E7C4F8F7" box="[537,756,1807,1833]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="115">Acaudina pellucida</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="AD6865B2FF86A56FFCB8F880E691F8F4" author="Semper, C." box="[771,929,1807,1834]" pageId="8" pageNumber="115" refId="ref7407" refString="Semper, C. (1867) Holothurien. Reisen im Archipel der Philippinen. Zweiter Theil. Wissenschaftliche Resultate. Part 2. Wilhelm Engelmann, Leipzig, 288 pp." type="book" year="1867">Semper, 1867</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
does not have any ossicles.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0EF963C0FF86A56FFB52F880E4E8F890" authority="O'Loughlin & Ong, 2015" authorityName="O'Loughlin & Ong" authorityYear="2015" class="Holothuroidea" family="Caudinidae" genus="Acaudina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Molpadida" pageId="8" pageNumber="115" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="rosettis">
|
||
<emphasis id="FB8DC451FF86A56FFB52F880E581F893" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="115">Acaudina rosettis</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="AD6865B2FF86A56FFF02F8BCE4E8F890" author="O'Loughlin, P. M. & Ong, J. Y." box="[185,472,1843,1870]" pageId="8" pageNumber="115" pagination="292 - 302" refId="ref7058" refString="O'Loughlin, P. M. & Ong, J. Y. (2015) New tropical caudinid and synaptid sea cucumbers from the Johor Straits (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea). Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, 31, 292 - 302." type="journal article" year="2015">O’Loughlin & Ong, 2015</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was described to have no ossicle in the tentacles, phosphatized ossicles present in the caudal body wall, and having a “semi-translucent gray to opaque white body wall”. Instead,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0EF963C0FF86A56FFB03F8D8E00CF8AF" authority="Teoh & Woo, 2022" authorityName="Teoh & Woo" authorityYear="2022" box="[1208,1340,1879,1906]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Caudinidae" genus="Acaudina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Molpadida" pageId="8" pageNumber="115" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="spinifera" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="FB8DC451FF86A56FFB03F8D8E1F9F8AF" box="[1208,1225,1879,1905]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="115">A</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="FB8DC451FF86A56FFB63F8D8E00CF8AF" box="[1240,1340,1879,1905]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="115">spinifera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="E0BE792AFF86A56FFAFEF8D7E0ADF8AC" box="[1349,1437,1880,1906]" pageId="8" pageNumber="115" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
have rosettes in the tentacles, but phosphatized ossicles were absent, and the body wall was dark pink.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="C9461843FF86A56FFF2CF810E67DF800" blockId="8.[151,1437,1555,2014]" pageId="8" pageNumber="115">
|
||
<tableCitation id="847B2DF8FF86A56FFF2CF810E5D9F867" box="[151,233,1951,1977]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="9.[151,239,1073,1097]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="TABLE 1. Differences between A. spinifera sp. nov. and its congeners based on the ossicles." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/9D8648CBFF87A56EFF2CFBBEE1AAFB97" pageId="8" pageNumber="115" tableUuid="9D8648CBFF87A56EFF2CFBBEE1AAFB97">Table 1</tableCitation>
|
||
provides a summary on the differences between
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0EF963C0FF86A56FFCBEF810E6B7F867" authority="Teoh & Woo, 2022" authorityName="Teoh & Woo" authorityYear="2022" box="[773,903,1951,1978]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Caudinidae" genus="Acaudina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Molpadida" pageId="8" pageNumber="115" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="spinifera" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="FB8DC451FF86A56FFCBEF810E626F867" box="[773,790,1951,1977]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="115">A</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="FB8DC451FF86A56FFC98F810E6B7F867" box="[803,903,1951,1977]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="115">spinifera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="E0BE792AFF86A56FFC36F82FE6D3F864" box="[909,995,1952,1978]" pageId="8" pageNumber="115" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
and its congeners based on the ossicles. The following is the identification key to the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0EF963C0FF86A56FFD61F84CE675F803" authorityName="H. L. Clark" authorityYear="1908" box="[730,837,1987,2013]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Caudinidae" genus="Acaudina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Molpadida" pageId="8" pageNumber="115" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="FB8DC451FF86A56FFD61F84CE675F803" box="[730,837,1987,2013]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="115">Acaudina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |