155 lines
22 KiB
XML
155 lines
22 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="1E45FCE20D857C271BDACB67B193EB66">Mesoparasitic copepods (Copepoda: Cyclopoida) associated with polychaete worms in European seas</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="E76EEC6EE88FE30D10F2C71D5BE9404D">Boxshall, Geoff A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="CFEDAA1E0F3406DD05B24C8C082A21D1">O’Reilly, Myles</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="3D4CFA533BDBBDA72D8C81A8CBF14CA3">Sikorski, Andrey</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="96A7B0F9F9802CF5A8DE66FDD001A446">Summerfield, Rebecca</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="8954A9E9716E7DFC2A44B432FF9DB85F">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<treatment id="97720E2DFFF0D607CBF7BBB904B3F7BF" ID-GBIF-Taxon="156198333" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:97720E2DFFF0D607CBF7BBB904B3F7BF" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/97720E2DFFF0D607CBF7BBB904B3F7BF" lastPageNumber="28" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
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<subSubSection id="57C1ECB0FFF0D607CBF7BBB9071EF3F3" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="1F64BF3BFFF0D607CBF7BBB907EBF3B5" blockId="27.[151,903,152,178]" box="[151,903,152,178]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
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<heading id="442C0857FFF0D607CBF7BBB907EBF3B5" bold="true" box="[151,903,152,178]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="2DAF6329FFF0D607CBF7BBB907EBF3B5" bold="true" box="[151,903,152,178]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
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Genus
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<taxonomicName id="D8DBC4B8FFF0D607CB8EBBB907EBF3B5" authority="Delamare Deboutteville & Laubier, 1961" authorityName="Delamare Deboutteville & Laubier" authorityYear="1961" box="[238,903,152,178]" class="Hexanauplia" family="Phyllodicolidae" genus="Phyllodicola" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyclopoida" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="2DAF6329FFF0D607CB8EBBB905EAF3B5" bold="true" box="[238,390,152,178]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Phyllodicola</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="7B4AC2CAFFF0D607CAECBBB907EBF3B5" author="Delamare Deboutteville, C. & Laubier, L." box="[396,903,152,178]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" pagination="690" refId="ref46493" refString="Delamare Deboutteville, C. & Laubier, L. (1961) Note recticative. Fie et Milieu, 11, 690." type="journal article" year="1961">Delamare Deboutteville & Laubier, 1961</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="1F64BF3BFFF0D607CBF7BBFF071EF3F3" blockId="27.[151,882,222,275]" box="[151,882,222,244]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
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Syn:
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<taxonomicName id="D8DBC4B8FFF0D607CBACBBFF06B3F3F3" authority="Delamare Deboutteville & Laubier, 1960" authorityName="Delamare Deboutteville & Laubier" authorityYear="1960" box="[204,735,222,244]" class="Hexanauplia" family="Phyllodicolidae" genus="Phyllocola" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyclopoida" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="2DAF6329FFF0D607CBACBBFF0556F3F3" box="[204,314,222,244]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Phyllocola</emphasis>
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Delamare Deboutteville & Laubier, 1960
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</taxonomicName>
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(preoccupied)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="57C1ECB0FFF0D607CBF7BBDF065FF214" box="[151,563,253,275]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" type="description">
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<paragraph id="1F64BF3BFFF0D607CBF7BBDF065FF214" blockId="27.[151,882,222,275]" box="[151,563,253,275]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
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Non
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<taxonomicName id="D8DBC4B8FFF0D607CBA9BBDC065FF214" authority="Gistl, 1848" authorityName="Gistl" authorityYear="1848" box="[201,563,253,275]" class="Hexanauplia" family="Phyllodicolidae" genus="Phyllocola" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyclopoida" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="2DAF6329FFF0D607CBA9BBDC055BF214" box="[201,311,253,275]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Phyllocola</emphasis>
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Gistl, 1848 (Coleoptera)
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="57C1ECB0FFF0D607CBF7BA1E0547F02A" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="1F64BF3BFFF0D607CBF7BA1E0547F02A" blockId="27.[151,1437,319,1208]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
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<emphasis id="2DAF6329FFF0D607CBF7BA1E0566F25F" bold="true" box="[151,266,319,344]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Diagnosis</emphasis>
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. Adult female body (ectosoma) highly transformed, unsegmented, attached via short broad stalk to endosoma embedded within host. Ectosoma ovoid, about
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<quantity id="D82312DEFFF0D607C82ABA45006DF27A" box="[842,1025,356,381]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.5" metricValueMax="9.0" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" unit="mm" value="650.0" valueMax="900.0" valueMin="400.0">400 to 900 µm</quantity>
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in length (
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<figureCitation id="87E0A3BEFFF0D607CFEDBA450081F27B" box="[1165,1261,356,381]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="23.[151,250,933,955]" captionTargetBox="[188,1329,224,880]" captionTargetId="figure@23.[151,1435,193,911]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURE 9. Eurysilenium sp. from Harmothoe fragilis. A, ectosoma of female, ventral showing male attached between ventrally-located genital apertures of female; B, adult male, dorsal. Scale bars: A, 0.5 mm, B, 100 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2637499/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Fig. 9A</figureCitation>
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), varying with reproductive state (cf.
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<figureCitation id="87E0A3BEFFF0D607CAC0BAA6059DF2A7" box="[416,497,391,416]" captionStart="FIGURE 13" captionStartId="32.[151,250,1826,1848]" captionTargetBox="[215,1329,211,1755]" captionTargetId="figure@32.[215,1349,195,1798]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="FIGURE 13. Cyclorhiza megalova Gotto & Leahy, 1988, female. A, spent adult female with single egg string attached, ventral view showing egg string comprising central axis and large developing eggs plus empty egg membranes (arrowed); B, adult female showing length of intact egg sac relative to ectosoma length; C, adult female with ectosoma full of developing eggs; D, developing ectosoma; E, early stage female, lateral view showing paired limbs, genital apertures and finely striated dorsal surface integument; F, detail of developing female anterior end, showing spinules (arrowed) located lateral and medial to genital aperture; G, antennule; H, antenna; I, maxilliped. Scale bars A, C–D, 200 µm, B, 1 mm, E, 50 µm, F, 100 µm, G–I, 25 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2637507/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Fig. 13</figureCitation>
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A–C). Anus lacking. Paired genital apertures present, located on ventral surface anterior to mid-level; each aperture with two strong tooth-like elements (
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<figureCitation id="87E0A3BEFFF0D607CF61BA8D0001F2C3" box="[1025,1133,428,453]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="28.[151,250,1791,1813]" captionTargetBox="[207,1357,257,1704]" captionTargetId="figure@28.[150,1436,193,1770]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="FIGURE 11. Phyllodicola petiti (Delamare Deboutteville & Laubier, 1960), female. A, ectosoma and proximal part of endosoma; B, genital apertures and copulatory pores (arrowed); ventral; C, antennule; D, antenna; E, maxilliped. Scale bars: A, 200 µm, B, 100 µm, C–E, 25 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2637503/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Fig. 11B</figureCitation>
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). Paired copulatory pores (arrowed in
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<figureCitation id="87E0A3BEFFF0D607CA7FBAEE05EDF2EF" box="[287,385,463,488]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="28.[151,250,1791,1813]" captionTargetBox="[207,1357,257,1704]" captionTargetId="figure@28.[150,1436,193,1770]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="FIGURE 11. Phyllodicola petiti (Delamare Deboutteville & Laubier, 1960), female. A, ectosoma and proximal part of endosoma; B, genital apertures and copulatory pores (arrowed); ventral; C, antennule; D, antenna; E, maxilliped. Scale bars: A, 200 µm, B, 100 µm, C–E, 25 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2637503/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Fig. 11B</figureCitation>
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) located on ventral surface adjacent to genital apertures. Egg strings elongate, with large eggs attached to central axial filament (cf.
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<figureCitation id="87E0A3BEFFF0D607C959BAD506CCF10B" box="[569,672,500,525]" captionStart="FIGURE 13" captionStartId="32.[151,250,1826,1848]" captionTargetBox="[215,1329,211,1755]" captionTargetId="figure@32.[215,1349,195,1798]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="FIGURE 13. Cyclorhiza megalova Gotto & Leahy, 1988, female. A, spent adult female with single egg string attached, ventral view showing egg string comprising central axis and large developing eggs plus empty egg membranes (arrowed); B, adult female showing length of intact egg sac relative to ectosoma length; C, adult female with ectosoma full of developing eggs; D, developing ectosoma; E, early stage female, lateral view showing paired limbs, genital apertures and finely striated dorsal surface integument; F, detail of developing female anterior end, showing spinules (arrowed) located lateral and medial to genital aperture; G, antennule; H, antenna; I, maxilliped. Scale bars A, C–D, 200 µm, B, 1 mm, E, 50 µm, F, 100 µm, G–I, 25 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2637507/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Fig. 13A</figureCitation>
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). Antennule (
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<figureCitation id="87E0A3BEFFF0D607C858BAD507E2F10B" box="[824,910,500,525]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="23.[151,250,933,955]" captionTargetBox="[188,1329,224,880]" captionTargetId="figure@23.[151,1435,193,911]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURE 9. Eurysilenium sp. from Harmothoe fragilis. A, ectosoma of female, ventral showing male attached between ventrally-located genital apertures of female; B, adult male, dorsal. Scale bars: A, 0.5 mm, B, 100 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2637499/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Fig. 9C</figureCitation>
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) located dorsal to stalk, unsegmented, tapering towards tip, armed with array of stout setal elements along anterior and apical margins. Antenna (
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<figureCitation id="87E0A3BEFFF0D607CF93B9360135F137" box="[1267,1369,535,560]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="28.[151,250,1791,1813]" captionTargetBox="[207,1357,257,1704]" captionTargetId="figure@28.[150,1436,193,1770]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="FIGURE 11. Phyllodicola petiti (Delamare Deboutteville & Laubier, 1960), female. A, ectosoma and proximal part of endosoma; B, genital apertures and copulatory pores (arrowed); ventral; C, antennule; D, antenna; E, maxilliped. Scale bars: A, 200 µm, B, 100 µm, C–E, 25 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2637503/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Fig. 11D</figureCitation>
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) with broad basal segment bearing, posteriorly, robust, indistinctly 2-segmented endopod armed with 4 apical claws; basal segment produced anteriorly into lobe ornamented with minutely spinulose lamellae. Maxilliped (
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<figureCitation id="87E0A3BEFFF0D607CE51B97E01FFF17F" box="[1329,1427,607,632]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="28.[151,250,1791,1813]" captionTargetBox="[207,1357,257,1704]" captionTargetId="figure@28.[150,1436,193,1770]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="FIGURE 11. Phyllodicola petiti (Delamare Deboutteville & Laubier, 1960), female. A, ectosoma and proximal part of endosoma; B, genital apertures and copulatory pores (arrowed); ventral; C, antennule; D, antenna; E, maxilliped. Scale bars: A, 200 µm, B, 100 µm, C–E, 25 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2637503/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Fig. 11E</figureCitation>
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) subchelate, comprising robust basal segment plus subchela consisting of long proximal segment and compound apical segment armed with 3 strong claws on distal margin. Stalk originating on underside of ectosoma in oral region. Endosoma taking form of two elongate rootlets penetrating body cavity of host, with several short digitiform processes originating around base of primary rootlets. Male unknown. Nauplius lecithotrophic, with nauplius eye.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="57C1ECB0FFF0D607CBA7B8160073F057" box="[199,1055,823,848]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="1F64BF3BFFF0D607CBA7B8160073F057" blockId="27.[151,1437,319,1208]" box="[199,1055,823,848]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
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<emphasis id="2DAF6329FFF0D607CBA7B8160537F057" bold="true" box="[199,347,823,848]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
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<typeStatus id="C0600199FFF0D607CBA7B816056EF057" box="[199,258,823,848]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Type</typeStatus>
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species
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</emphasis>
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:
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<taxonomicName id="D8DBC4B8FFF0D607CA0AB8160073F057" authority="(Delamare Deboutteville & Laubier, 1960)" baseAuthorityName="Delamare Deboutteville & Laubier" baseAuthorityYear="1960" box="[362,1055,823,848]" class="Hexanauplia" family="Phyllodicolidae" genus="Phyllodicola" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyclopoida" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="petiti">
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<emphasis id="2DAF6329FFF0D607CA0AB8160656F057" box="[362,570,823,848]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Phyllodicola petiti</emphasis>
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(Delamare Deboutteville & Laubier, 1960)
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="57C1ECB0FFF0D607CBA7B87D04B3F7BF" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="1F64BF3BFFF0D607CBA7B87D01F1F0BA" blockId="27.[151,1437,319,1208]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
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<emphasis id="2DAF6329FFF0D607CBA7B87D0558F072" bold="true" box="[199,308,860,885]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Remarks</emphasis>
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. The development of the ectosoma can be reconstructed by reference to
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<bibRefCitation id="7B4AC2CAFFF0D607CF0AB87D017BF072" author="Laubier, L." box="[1130,1303,860,885]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" pagination="228 - 242" refId="ref47310" refString="Laubier, L. (1961) Phyllodicola petiti (Delamare et Laubier, 1960) et la famille des Phyllodicolidae, Copepodes parasites d'Annelides Polychetes en Mediterranee occidentale. Crustaceana, 2, 228 - 242. https: // doi. org / 10.1163 / 156854061 X 00202" type="journal article" year="1961">Laubier (1961)</bibRefCitation>
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: in the very early stage a vestigial abdominal process is still visible (
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<bibRefCitation id="7B4AC2CAFFF0D607C85FB85E002BF09F" author="Laubier, L." box="[831,1095,895,920]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" pagination="228 - 242" refId="ref47310" refString="Laubier, L. (1961) Phyllodicola petiti (Delamare et Laubier, 1960) et la famille des Phyllodicolidae, Copepodes parasites d'Annelides Polychetes en Mediterranee occidentale. Crustaceana, 2, 228 - 242. https: // doi. org / 10.1163 / 156854061 X 00202" type="journal article" year="1961">
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Laubier 1961:
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<figureCitation id="87E0A3BEFFF0D607C891B85E002BF09F" box="[1009,1095,895,920]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1706,1728]" captionTargetBox="[199,1399,492,1618]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[151,1435,448,1684]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 3. Herpyllobius arcticus Steenstrup & Lütken, 1861 from Harmothoe antilopes. A, habitus of ovigerous female with male attached (arrowed), lateral view showing position of cement glands (dotted); B, ectosoma of female, posterior view showing attachment site of male (arrowed) dorsal to genital apertures; C, adult male containing paired spermatophores. Scale bars: A, 0.5 mm, B, 250 µm, C, 100 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2637485/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Fig. 3b</figureCitation>
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) but this is absorbed during subsequent development so the mature adult female has an ovoid ectosoma lacking any trace of a defined abdomen.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="1F64BF3BFFF0D607CBA7B8E904B3F7BF" blockId="27.[151,1437,319,1208]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
|
||
We interpret the uniramous antenna slightly differently from
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="7B4AC2CAFFF0D607C8C3B8E60039F0E7" author="Laubier, L." box="[931,1109,967,992]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" pagination="228 - 242" refId="ref47310" refString="Laubier, L. (1961) Phyllodicola petiti (Delamare et Laubier, 1960) et la famille des Phyllodicolidae, Copepodes parasites d'Annelides Polychetes en Mediterranee occidentale. Crustaceana, 2, 228 - 242. https: // doi. org / 10.1163 / 156854061 X 00202" type="journal article" year="1961">Laubier (1961)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. We interpret the ramus as ornamented with claws that are flattened and very broad at the base so they are rather lamellate in form. The compound apical segment of the maxilliped shows bands of thickening (
|
||
<figureCitation id="87E0A3BEFFF0D607C8DFBF2E004CF72F" box="[959,1056,1039,1064]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="28.[151,250,1791,1813]" captionTargetBox="[207,1357,257,1704]" captionTargetId="figure@28.[150,1436,193,1770]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="FIGURE 11. Phyllodicola petiti (Delamare Deboutteville & Laubier, 1960), female. A, ectosoma and proximal part of endosoma; B, genital apertures and copulatory pores (arrowed); ventral; C, antennule; D, antenna; E, maxilliped. Scale bars: A, 200 µm, B, 100 µm, C–E, 25 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2637503/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Fig. 11E</figureCitation>
|
||
) which appear to correspond to at least two incompletely expressed segments. It is this segmentation pattern that provides the evidence supporting the interpretation of these limbs as maxillipeds rather than maxillae, since the maxilla exhibits a maximum of two expressed segments in all members of the poecilostome lineage within the order
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D8DBC4B8FFF0D607CF20BF5D04B0F7BF" authority="(Huys & Boxshall 1991)" baseAuthorityName="Huys & Boxshall" baseAuthorityYear="1991" class="Maxillopoda" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyclopoida" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">
|
||
Cyclopoida (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="7B4AC2CAFFF0D607CFB3BF5D04BFF7BF" author="Huys, R. & Boxshall, G. A." pageId="27" pageNumber="28" refId="ref47141" refString="Huys, R. & Boxshall, G. A. (1991) Copepod Evolution. The Ray Society, London, 468 pp." type="book" year="1991">Huys & Boxshall 1991</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |