215 lines
16 KiB
XML
215 lines
16 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.363.6482" ID-GBIF-Dataset="36e5551d-3881-45a2-810a-386e517c86fc" ID-PMC="PMC3867181" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-363-1" ID-PubMed="24363601" ID-ZBK="780695A9CB2E4FECA0560BA6F456185E" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2013" ModsDocID="1313-2970-363-1" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 363" ModsDocTitle="A revision of the shore-fly genus Hydrochasma Hendel (Diptera, Ephydridae)" checkinTime="1451246560986" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Mathis, Wayne N. & Zatwarnicki, Tadeusz" docDate="2013" docId="D76171CAAD6D3E443BCE7C6A1C5B9D63" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 363: 1-161" docOrigin="ZooKeys 363" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.363.6482" docTitle="Hydrochasma spinosum Mathis & Zatwarnicki, 2013, sp. n." docType="treatment" docUuid="1A0F2830-E034-4842-9A62-2184C1AF556E" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="28" masterDocId="FFF2FFCA0333765855689824FFCDB839" masterDocTitle="A revision of the shore-fly genus Hydrochasma Hendel (Diptera, Ephydridae)" masterLastPageNumber="161" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="26" updateTime="1668157177207" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>A revision of the shore-fly genus Hydrochasma Hendel (Diptera, Ephydridae)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Mathis, Wayne N.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Zatwarnicki, Tadeusz</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2013</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>363</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
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<mods:end>161</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.363.6482</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.363.6482</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-363-1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZBK">780695A9CB2E4FECA0560BA6F456185E</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">780695A9CB2E4FECA0560BA6F456185E</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="152050145" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:1A0F2830-E034-4842-9A62-2184C1AF556E" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/D76171CAAD6D3E443BCE7C6A1C5B9D63" lastPageId="27" lastPageNumber="28" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
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<subSubSection pageId="25" pageNumber="26" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
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<pageBreakToken pageId="25" pageNumber="26" start="start">8</pageBreakToken>
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.
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<taxonomicName LSID="http://zoobank.org/1A0F2830-E034-4842-9A62-2184C1AF556E" class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Hydrochasma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hydrochasma spinosum" order="Diptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spinosum">Hydrochasma spinosum</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="25" pageNumber="26">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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Figs 44-48, 70
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="25" pageNumber="26" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
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This species is distinguished from congeners by the following combination of characters: Small to moderately small shore flies, body length 1.50-2.30 mm. Head: Antenna mostly dark gray; parafacial silvery white, concolorous with facial coloration; gena comparatively high, gena-to-eye ratio 0.47-0.50. Thorax: Wing with costal vein ratio 0.73-1.76; M vein ratio 0.42-0.46. Abdomen: Tergites lacking with broad, shallow, wedge-like marking laterally, otherwise tergites 2-4 with wide medial area extensively dark slate gray (Fig. 71); tergite 5 of male light gray to silvery gray anterior margin and thin, medial stripe brownish gray. Male terminalia (Figs 44-47): Combined structures moderately elongate, in posterior view height about twice width; epandrium with dorsal arch above cerci attenuate, not connected, dorsal 2/3 somewhat angulate laterally, gradually expanded to just ventrad of midheight, thereafter narrowed on ventral third, parallel sided, broadly rounded apically, rounded margin of apex with numerous, medially oriented, relatively robust setulae (Fig. 44), other epandrial setulae oriented medially, in lateral view very narrow dorsally (Fig. 45), lateral of cerci, thereafter ventrally nearly straight with slight, anterior angulate expansion at midheight, narrowly rounded apically; cerci short, in lateral view height about twice width (Fig. 45), narrowly semicircular, not attached with epandrium, narrowed ventrally; aedeagus in lateral view (Fig. 47) elongate, with length of sclerotized portion about 10
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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width, greatly enlarged ventroapically, membranous portion, shape irregular, in ventral view (Fig. 46) also showing expanded apex, spatulate, basal 2/3 narrowed, essentially parallel sided; phallapodeme in lateral view (Fig. 47) narrow, elongate, nearly straight, keel moderately weakly developed, evident at end toward attachment with hypandrium, in ventral view (Fig. 46) with hypandrial end T-shaped with crossbars forming concavity apically, thereafter toward base of aedeagus very gradually expanded to blunt apex; gonite in lateral view (Fig. 47) narrow, elongate, bar-like, obviously arched toward hypandrial end, in ventral view (Fig. 46) very narrow, shallowly arched; hypandrium in lateral view (Fig. 47) short, length about half that of phallapodeme, narrow, straight, bar-like, in ventral view (Fig. 46) widely U-shaped with very thin, pointed arms.
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</paragraph>
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<caption pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
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<paragraph pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
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Figures 44-47.
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Hydrochasma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hydrochasma spinosum" order="Diptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spinosum">Hydrochasma spinosum</taxonomicName>
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sp. n. (Costa Rica. Puntarenas: Playa
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Jacó">Jaco</normalizedToken>
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) 44 epandrium and cerci, posterior view 45 same, lateral view 46 internal structures of male terminalia (aedeagus [shaded], phallapodeme, gonite, hypandrium), ventral view 47 same, lateral view. Scale bar = 0.1 mm.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="25" pageNumber="26" type="type material">
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<paragraph pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Type material.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
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The holotype male of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Hydrochasma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hydrochasma spinosum" order="Diptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spinosum">Hydrochasma spinosum</taxonomicName>
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is labeled "COSTA RICA.
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Limón">Limon</normalizedToken>
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: Westfalia (4 km S;
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="92" value="9.908334">9°54.5'N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-82.98333">82°59'W</geoCoordinate>
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; beach), 27 Jun 2001, Amnon Freidberg/USNM ENT 00189486 [plastic bar code label]/HOLOTYPE ♂
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Hydrochasma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hydrochasma spinosum" order="Diptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spinosum">Hydrochasma spinosum</taxonomicName>
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Mathis & Zatwarnicki, USNM [red]." The holotype is double mounted (minuten in a block of plastic), is in excellent condition, and is deposited in the USNM. Fifteen paratypes (10♂, 5♀; USNM) bear the same label data as the holotype or with W. N. Mathis as the collector.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="25" pageNumber="26" type="type locality">
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<paragraph pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Type locality.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
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Costa Rica.
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Limón">Limon</normalizedToken>
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: Westfalia (4 km S;
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="92" value="9.908334">09°54.5'N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-82.98333">82°59'W</geoCoordinate>
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; beach).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="26" lastPageNumber="27" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" type="other specimens examined">
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<paragraph pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Other specimens examined.</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="26" lastPageNumber="27" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
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Neotropical. COSTA RICA. Guanacaste: Bagaces Fortuna Z. P. Miravalles (
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="92" value="10.718333">10°43.1'N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="92" value="-84.855">84°51.3'W</geoCoordinate>
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; Sendero Cabro Muco; 980 m), 8-31
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<pageBreakToken pageId="26" pageNumber="27" start="start">Jul</pageBreakToken>
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2002, J. D. Gutierrez (1♂, 2♀; INBio);
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Murciélago">Murcielago</normalizedToken>
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(
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="92" value="10.941667">10°56.5'N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="92" value="-85.68166">85°40.9'W</geoCoordinate>
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), 1 Apr 1988, J. M. Hill, J. M. Mitchell, W. E. Steiner, J. M. Swearingen (2♂, 2♀; USNM); Nandayure, Estero Caletas (
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="92" value="9.991667">09°59.5'N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="92" value="-85.253334">85°15.2'W</geoCoordinate>
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), 21 Mar-22 Oct 2003, D.
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Briceño">Briceno</normalizedToken>
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(5♂, 1♀; INBio); Nandayure, Corozalito (
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="92" value="10.001667">10°0.1'N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="92" value="-85.145">85°08.7'W</geoCoordinate>
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), 23 Oct 2003, D.
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Briceño">Briceno</normalizedToken>
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(2♀; INBio); Nandayure, Costa de Oro (
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="9.916667">09°55'N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-85.28333">85°17'W</geoCoordinate>
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; 11 m), 20 Oct 2003, D.
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Briceño">Briceno</normalizedToken>
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(1♂, 1♀; INBio); Nandayure,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
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Bejuco (
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="9.833333">09°50'N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-85.333336">85°20'W</geoCoordinate>
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; playa), 21 Oct 2003, D.
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Briceño">Briceno</normalizedToken>
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(5♂, 1♀; INBio); Playa de Cuajiniquil (
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="92" value="10.935">10°56.1'N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="92" value="-85.70333">85°42.2'W</geoCoordinate>
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; beach), 16 Jun 2003, D. and W. N. Mathis (1♂; USNM).
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Limón">Limon</normalizedToken>
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: Guandoca, Manzanillo (
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="92" value="9.613334">09°36.8'N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="92" value="-82.68166">82°40.9'W</geoCoordinate>
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), 19-25 May 2004, D.
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Briceño">Briceno</normalizedToken>
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(1♂, 1♀; INBio); Talamanca, Cahuita (
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="92" value="9.73">09°43.8'N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="92" value="-82.845">82°50.7'W</geoCoordinate>
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), 9-10 Dec 2001, E. Rojas (1♀; INBio). Puntarenas: Dominical (
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="92" value="9.246667">09°14.8'N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="92" value="-83.85667">83°51.4'W</geoCoordinate>
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; 0-2 m), 11 Jun 2003, D. and W. N. Mathis (8♂, 1♀; USNM); Drake (
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="92" value="8.69">08°41.4'N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="92" value="-83.668335">83°40.1'W</geoCoordinate>
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; beach), 12 Aug 2001, D. and W.N. Mathis (1♀; USNM); Malpais (
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="92" value="9.626667">09°37.6'N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="92" value="-85.151665">85°09.1'W</geoCoordinate>
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; beach), 21 Jun 2001, D. and W. N. Mathis (1♂, 2♀; USNM); Playa
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Jacó">Jaco</normalizedToken>
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(
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="92" value="9.608334">09°36.5'N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="92" value="-84.62334">84°37.4'W</geoCoordinate>
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; beach), 13 Jun 2003, D. and W. N. Mathis (5♂; USNM); Pochotal (
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="92" value="9.523334">09°31.4'N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="92" value="-84.473335">84°28.4'W</geoCoordinate>
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; beach), 12-13 Jun 2003, D. and W. N. Mathis (8♂, 3♀; USNM); San Pedrillo (
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="92" value="8.62">08°37.2'N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="92" value="-83.735">83°44.1'W</geoCoordinate>
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), 12-14 Aug 2001, D. and W.N. Mathis (3♂, 1♀; USNM).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="26" pageNumber="27" type="distribution">
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<paragraph pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Distribution</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
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(Fig. 48). Neotropical: Costa Rica (Guanacaste,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Limón">Limon</normalizedToken>
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, Puntarenas).
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</paragraph>
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<caption pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
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<paragraph pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
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Figure 48. Distribution of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Hydrochasma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hydrochasma spinosum" order="Diptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spinosum">Hydrochasma spinosum</taxonomicName>
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sp. n.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="26" pageNumber="27" type="etymology">
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<paragraph pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Etymology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="26" pageNumber="27">The species epithet, spinosum, is of Latin derivation and refers to the spinose apical portion of the epandrium.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="27" pageNumber="28" type="remarks">
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<paragraph pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
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<pageBreakToken pageId="27" pageNumber="28" start="start">Remarks</pageBreakToken>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
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As implied by its
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<normalizedToken originalValue="species’">species'</normalizedToken>
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name, spinosum, this species is distinguished from congeners by the numerous spine-like structures on the U-shaped, ventroapical portion of the epandrial process. The angulate, lateral epandrial margins are also distinctive.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |