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<document id="CDFBDA17C8C207D109763844EF894EAA" ID-ISSN="1175­5334" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1629711042571" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Takaoka, Hiroyuki &amp; Shrestha, Suchitra" docDate="2010" docId="CE07391FFFB42471FF7BBE36FB84FDB9" docLanguage="en" docName="zt02731p062.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 2731" docStyle="DocumentStyle:D239614CE4198176A422035174489AB1.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.monograph" docStyleId="D239614CE4198176A422035174489AB1" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.monograph" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Simulium (Gomphostilbia) sachini Takaoka &amp; Henry. A 2010" docType="treatment" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="29" masterDocId="323E4167FFAE246DFFECBC3BFFFEFFA6" masterDocTitle="New species of black flies (Diptera: Simuliidae) from Nepal 2731" masterLastPageNumber="62" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="27" updateTime="1699099897232" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
<mods:mods id="7BA39ABE6998230B4B0D33BAE6FF266F" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="25001D25FBDEDA4E3A780032B058F998">
<mods:title id="88908D9CDB48AFF6BCBBD0B84E2F87CF">New species of black flies (Diptera: Simuliidae) from Nepal 2731</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="B9F7983BBA96A7D28968FE85C882FD72" type="personal">
<mods:role id="A55BC68813404333150AAC6D8397BCB3">
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</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="11D6489760BA505655DC2CFD34463E27">Takaoka, Hiroyuki</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="F63DD55E2FEB28A148E352C30509F5EC" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="C78588659ADD7401B396B3646856E13A">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="605CF7C5D0B1CE83FF98D79C4B9B0452">Shrestha, Suchitra</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
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<mods:title id="336B3716575B825D19913BD8E0A6818F">Zootaxa</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="112BAB8CE5EC72753435461FC9DC4188">
<mods:date id="6FC559C88BCD3932F7F71FE97032736D">2010</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="F64F8F3F4B3F2CE1FF0A2EF38A5EF0FC" type="pubDate">
<mods:number id="0EDB25C9DA4319FE3CF9061E18116BA6">2010-12-24</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="14DBE892B42363A50AB59ECABB03BBF8" type="volume">
<mods:number id="84E0E359DD44115C062CCE775F3A7788">2731</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="2335B0721F598DBB0EB52A4FBE5059B2">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="5BCAB6351FF3F835EA4453B83E6FEC67" type="ISSN">1175­5334</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="CE07391FFFB42471FF7BBE36FB84FDB9" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5294946" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5294946" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:CE07391FFFB42471FF7BBE36FB84FDB9" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/CE07391FFFB42471FF7BBE36FB84FDB9" lastPageId="28" lastPageNumber="29" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
<subSubSection id="0EB4DB82FFB42477FF7BBE36FC94FD81" box="[151,874,525,551]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="46118809FFB42477FF7BBE36FC94FD81" blockId="26.[151,874,525,551]" box="[151,874,525,551]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
<heading id="1D593F65FFB42477FF7BBE36FC94FD81" bold="true" box="[151,874,525,551]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="81AEF38AFFB42477FF7BBE36FC94FD81" ID-CoL="9HSPS" authority="Takaoka &amp; Henry, 2010" authorityName="Takaoka &amp; Henry. A" authorityYear="2010" box="[151,874,525,551]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sachini" subGenus="Gomphostilbia">
<emphasis id="74DA541BFFB42477FF7BBE36FC94FD81" bold="true" box="[151,874,525,551]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
<emphasis id="74DA541BFFB42477FF7BBE36FEF0FD81" bold="true" box="[151,270,525,551]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Simulium</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="74DA541BFFB42477FEF3BE36FE2EFD81" bold="true" box="[287,464,525,551]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Gomphostilbia</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="74DA541BFFB42477FE0DBE36FDC7FD81" bold="true" box="[481,569,525,551]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">sachini</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="223FF5F8FFB42477FDADBE36FC94FD81" author="Takaoka, H. &amp; Thapa, S. &amp; Henry, W." box="[577,874,525,551]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" pagination="105 - 110" refId="ref38459" refString="Takaoka, H., Thapa, S. &amp; Henry, W. (2010) Description of two new species of Simulium (Gomphostilbia) (Diptera: Simuliidae) from Darjeeling, India. Medical Entomology and Zoology, 61, 105 - 110." type="journal article" year="2010">Takaoka &amp; Henry, 2010</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="0EB4DB82FFB42477FF7BBE6EFB2AFC99" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="46118809FFB42477FF7BBE6EFBFEFDCA" blockId="26.[151,1436,597,684]" box="[151,1024,597,620]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="66BEAF27FFB42477FF7BBE6EFBFEFDCA" box="[151,1024,597,620]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
<treatmentCitation id="C70FAE18FFB42477FF7BBE6EFC88FDCA" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5294946" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5294946" author="Takaoka, H. &amp; Thapa, S. &amp; Henry, W." box="[151,886,597,620]" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/CE07391FFFB42471FF7BBE36FB84FDB9" page="110" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" year="2010">
<taxonomicName id="81AEF38AFFB42477FF7BBE6EFC88FDCA" ID-CoL="9HSPS" authority="Takaoka &amp; Henry, 2010: 108 - 110" authorityName="Takaoka &amp; Henry. A" authorityPageNumber="108 - 110" authorityYear="2010" box="[151,886,597,620]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sachini" subGenus="Gomphostilbia">
<emphasis id="74DA541BFFB42477FF7BBE6EFF02FDCA" box="[151,252,597,620]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Simulium</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="74DA541BFFB42477FEE7BE6EFE57FDCA" box="[267,425,597,620]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Gomphostilbia</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="74DA541BFFB42477FE55BE6EFDF8FDCA" box="[441,518,597,620]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">sachini</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="223FF5F8FFB42477FDE1BE6EFC88FDCA" author="Takaoka, H. &amp; Thapa, S. &amp; Henry, W." box="[525,886,597,620]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" pagination="105 - 110" refId="ref38459" refString="Takaoka, H., Thapa, S. &amp; Henry, W. (2010) Description of two new species of Simulium (Gomphostilbia) (Diptera: Simuliidae) from Darjeeling, India. Medical Entomology and Zoology, 61, 105 - 110." type="journal article" year="2010">Takaoka &amp; Henry, 2010: 108–110</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
(pupa only).
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="46118809FFB42477FF7BBE4EFE72FD0A" blockId="26.[151,1436,597,684]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="66BEAF27FFB42477FF7BBE4EFE72FD0A" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
<taxonomicName id="81AEF38AFFB42477FF7BBE4EFDB0FD2A" ID-CoL="8DXXM" authorityName="Takaoka &amp; Davies" authorityYear="1995" box="[151,590,629,652]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gombakense" subGenus="Gomphostilbia">
<emphasis id="74DA541BFFB42477FF7BBE4EFF02FD2A" box="[151,252,629,652]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Simulium</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="74DA541BFFB42477FEF8BE4EFE4CFD2A" box="[276,434,629,652]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Gomphostilbia</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="74DA541BFFB42477FE26BE4EFDB0FD2A" box="[458,590,629,652]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">gombakense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<emphasis id="74DA541BFFB42477FD8ABE4EFD75FD2A" box="[614,651,629,652]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">nec</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="223FF5F8FFB42477FD77BE4EFC3CFD2A" author="Takaoka, H. &amp; Davies, D. M." box="[667,962,629,652]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" refId="ref38341" refString="Takaoka, H. &amp; Davies, D. M. (1995) The Black Flies (Diptera: Simuliidae) of West Malaysia. Kyushu University Press, Fukuoka, viii + 175 pp." type="book" year="1995">Takaoka &amp; Davies, 1995</bibRefCitation>
):
<treatmentCitation id="C70FAE18FFB42477FC31BE4EFAB7FD2A" author="Shrestha, S. &amp; Takaoka, H." box="[989,1353,629,652]" page="254" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" year="2009">
<bibRefCitation id="223FF5F8FFB42477FC31BE4EFAB7FD2A" author="Shrestha, S. &amp; Takaoka, H." box="[989,1353,629,652]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" pagination="253 - 258" refId="ref37981" refString="Shrestha, S. &amp; Takaoka, H. (2009) New records of ten species of black flies (Diptera: Simuliidae) from Nepal. Medical Entomology and Zoology, 60, 253 - 258." type="journal article" year="2009">Shrestha &amp; Takaoka 2009: 254</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(pupa, misidentification).
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="46118809FFB42477FF7BBEE1FB2AFC99" blockId="26.[151,1436,730,2026]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
This species was recently described from a unique pupal specimen collected in Darjeeling,
<collectingCountry id="3EB9C899FFB42477FB22BEE1FAF4FD52" box="[1230,1290,730,756]" name="India" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">India</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="223FF5F8FFB42477FAF6BEE1FF02FCBC" author="Takaoka, H. &amp; Thapa, S. &amp; Henry, W." pageId="26" pageNumber="27" pagination="105 - 110" refId="ref38459" refString="Takaoka, H., Thapa, S. &amp; Henry, W. (2010) Description of two new species of Simulium (Gomphostilbia) (Diptera: Simuliidae) from Darjeeling, India. Medical Entomology and Zoology, 61, 105 - 110." type="journal article" year="2010">
Takaoka
<emphasis id="74DA541BFFB42477FA6BBEE1FF50FCBF" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">et al</emphasis>
. 2010
</bibRefCitation>
). As noted under
<taxonomicName id="81AEF38AFFB42477FE27BF3BFD4DFCBF" ID-CoL="8DXJ9" authority="Takaoka &amp; Shrestha, 2010" authorityName="Takaoka &amp; Shrestha" authorityYear="2010" box="[459,691,768,794]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nuwakotense" status="sp. nov." subGenus="Gomphostilbia">
<emphasis id="74DA541BFFB42477FE27BF3BFE24FCBF" box="[459,474,768,793]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">S</emphasis>
. (
<emphasis id="74DA541BFFB42477FE1EBF3BFDFAFCBF" box="[498,516,768,793]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">G</emphasis>
.)
<emphasis id="74DA541BFFB42477FDF0BF3BFD4DFCBF" box="[540,691,768,793]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">nuwakotense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="74DA541BFFB42477FD57BEC4FCE6FCBF" bold="true" box="[699,792,767,793]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="6FE9E960FFB42477FD57BEC4FCE6FCBF" box="[699,792,767,793]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
, this species seems to be closely related to both
<taxonomicName id="81AEF38AFFB42477FABEBF3BFED1FC98" ID-CoL="8DXJ9" authority="Takaoka &amp; Shrestha, 2010" authorityName="Takaoka &amp; Shrestha" authorityYear="2010" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nuwakotense" status="sp. nov." subGenus="Gomphostilbia">
<emphasis id="74DA541BFFB42477FABEBF3BFA96FCBF" box="[1362,1384,768,793]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">S.</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="74DA541BFFB42477FA95BF3BFA75FCBF" box="[1401,1419,768,793]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">G</emphasis>
.)
<emphasis id="74DA541BFFB42477FF7BBF1EFED1FC98" box="[151,303,805,830]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">nuwakotense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="74DA541BFFB42477FED9BF1EFE6DFC99" bold="true" box="[309,403,805,831]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="6FE9E960FFB42477FED9BF1EFE6DFC99" box="[309,403,805,831]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
and
<taxonomicName id="81AEF38AFFB42477FE20BF1EFD50FC98" ID-CoL="8DXXM" authorityName="Takaoka &amp; Davies" authorityYear="1995" box="[460,686,805,831]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gombakense" subGenus="Gomphostilbia">
<emphasis id="74DA541BFFB42477FE20BF1EFE24FC98" box="[460,474,805,830]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">S</emphasis>
. (
<emphasis id="74DA541BFFB42477FE1FBF1EFDFBFC98" box="[499,517,805,830]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">G</emphasis>
.)
<emphasis id="74DA541BFFB42477FDF1BF1EFD50FC98" box="[541,686,805,830]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">gombakense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in having the similar characteristic pupal gills.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="0EB4DB82FFB42471FF2ABF71FD0BFF51" lastPageId="28" lastPageNumber="29" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" type="description">
<paragraph id="46118809FFB42477FF2ABF71FBB6FC72" blockId="26.[151,1436,730,2026]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
In this study,
<specimenCount id="50A84380FFB42477FE88BF71FE15FCC2" box="[356,491,842,868]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" type="male">three males</specimenCount>
reared from pupae collected from
<collectingCountry id="3EB9C899FFB42477FC6DBF71FC39FCC2" box="[897,967,842,868]" name="Nepal" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Nepal</collectingCountry>
were identified as
<emphasis id="74DA541BFFB42477FB4ABF71FB4BFCC5" box="[1190,1205,842,867]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">S</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="81AEF38AFFB42477FB28BF71FAB2FCC5" authorityName="Takaoka &amp; Henry. A" authorityYear="2010" box="[1220,1356,842,868]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sachini" subGenus="Gomphostilbia">
(
<emphasis id="74DA541BFFB42477FB21BF71FB21FCC5" box="[1229,1247,842,867]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">G</emphasis>
.)
<emphasis id="74DA541BFFB42477FB1BBF71FAB2FCC5" box="[1271,1356,842,867]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">sachini</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
on the basis of the characteristic configuration of the pupal gill. It should be noted that one of the
<specimenCount id="50A84380FFB42477FB31BF4BFA65FC2C" box="[1245,1435,880,906]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" type="generic">three specimens</specimenCount>
examined was the same as previously regarded as
<taxonomicName id="81AEF38AFFB42477FD0FBFAEFC3BFC08" authorityName="Takaoka &amp; Davies" authorityYear="1995" box="[739,965,917,943]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gombakense" subGenus="Gomphostilbia">
<emphasis id="74DA541BFFB42477FD0FBFAEFD0CFC08" box="[739,754,917,942]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">S</emphasis>
. (
<emphasis id="74DA541BFFB42477FCE6BFAEFCE2FC08" box="[778,796,917,942]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">G</emphasis>
.)
<emphasis id="74DA541BFFB42477FCD8BFAEFC3BFC08" box="[820,965,917,942]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">gombakense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by
<bibRefCitation id="223FF5F8FFB42477FC1DBFAEFAC9FC09" author="Shrestha, S. &amp; Takaoka, H." box="[1009,1335,917,943]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" pagination="253 - 258" refId="ref37981" refString="Shrestha, S. &amp; Takaoka, H. (2009) New records of ten species of black flies (Diptera: Simuliidae) from Nepal. Medical Entomology and Zoology, 60, 253 - 258." type="journal article" year="2009">Shrestha &amp; Takaoka (2009)</bibRefCitation>
. For this reason, a previous record of
<taxonomicName id="81AEF38AFFB42477FE08BF81FD38FC75" authorityName="Takaoka &amp; Davies" authorityYear="1995" box="[484,710,954,980]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gombakense" subGenus="Gomphostilbia">
<emphasis id="74DA541BFFB42477FE08BF81FE0DFC75" box="[484,499,954,979]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">S</emphasis>
. (
<emphasis id="74DA541BFFB42477FDE7BF81FDE3FC75" box="[523,541,954,979]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">G</emphasis>
.)
<emphasis id="74DA541BFFB42477FDD9BF81FD38FC75" box="[565,710,954,979]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">gombakense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from
<collectingCountry id="3EB9C899FFB42477FCE1BF81FCADFC72" box="[781,851,954,980]" name="Nepal" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Nepal</collectingCountry>
should be corrected.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="46118809FFB42477FF2ABFDBFB86FC5C" blockId="26.[151,1436,730,2026]" box="[198,1144,992,1018]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
The male and mature larva of
<emphasis id="74DA541BFFB42477FDCBBFDBFDCBFC5F" box="[551,565,992,1017]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">S</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="81AEF38AFFB42477FDA8BFDBFD33FC5F" authorityName="Takaoka &amp; Henry. A" authorityYear="2010" box="[580,717,992,1018]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sachini" subGenus="Gomphostilbia">
(
<emphasis id="74DA541BFFB42477FDA2BFDBFD9EFC5F" box="[590,608,992,1017]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">G</emphasis>
.)
<emphasis id="74DA541BFFB42477FD94BFDBFD33FC5F" box="[632,717,992,1017]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">sachini</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are here described for the first time.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="46118809FFB42477FF2AB83EFB26FA32" blockId="26.[151,1436,730,2026]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
<emphasis id="74DA541BFFB42477FF2AB83EFE59FBB9" bold="true" box="[198,423,1029,1055]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Description. Male</emphasis>
. Nearly as in male of
<taxonomicName id="81AEF38AFFB42477FD56B83EFC59FBB8" authority="Takaoka &amp; Shrestha, 2010" authorityName="Takaoka &amp; Shrestha" authorityYear="2010" box="[698,935,1029,1055]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nuwakotense" status="sp. nov." subGenus="Gomphostilbia">
<emphasis id="74DA541BFFB42477FD56B83EFD37FBB8" box="[698,713,1029,1054]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">S</emphasis>
. (
<emphasis id="74DA541BFFB42477FD08B83EFD08FBB8" box="[740,758,1029,1054]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">G</emphasis>
.)
<emphasis id="74DA541BFFB42477FCFCB83EFC59FBB8" box="[784,935,1029,1054]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">nuwakotense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="74DA541BFFB42477FC5EB83EFBECFBB9" bold="true" box="[946,1042,1029,1055]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="6FE9E960FFB42477FC5EB83EFBECFBB9" box="[946,1042,1029,1055]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
except following features: Body length 2.5–3.0 mm.
<emphasis id="74DA541BFFB42477FE6DB811FE3CFBE2" bold="true" box="[385,450,1066,1092]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Head</emphasis>
. Antenna dark brown except scape, basal 1/2 of pedicel and base of 1st flagellomere yellow; 1st flagellomere 1.72 times as long as 2nd one. Maxillary palp: Proportional lengths of 3rd, 4th, and 5th segments 1.00:1.06:2.29; sensory vesicle ellipsoidal, small, 0.24 times as long as 3rd segment.
<emphasis id="74DA541BFFB42477FAD6B84EFA62FB29" bold="true" box="[1338,1436,1141,1167]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Thorax.</emphasis>
Scutum densely covered with golden yellow short hairs. Scutellum with golden yellow short hairs and dark brown upright longer hairs.
<emphasis id="74DA541BFFB42477FE0EB884FDE5FB7F" bold="true" box="[482,539,1215,1241]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Legs</emphasis>
. Foreleg: basitarsus 7.63–7.78 times as long as its greatest width. Hind leg: basitarsus somewhat swollen, spindle-shaped, 4.05–4.35 times as long as wide, and 0.80–0.84 and 0.80–0.83 times as wide as greatest width of tibia and femur, respectively; calcipala well developed, 1.17 times as long as wide, and 0.33 times as wide as greatest width of basitarsus.
<emphasis id="74DA541BFFB42477FC41B914FBDFFAEF" bold="true" box="[941,1057,1327,1353]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Genitalia</emphasis>
. Coxite in ventral view nearly rectangular, 1.71 times as long as its greatest width. Style in ventrolateral view 0.86 times as long as coxite. Ventral plate in ventral view transverse, 0.47 times as long as wide. Cercus with 13–15 hairs.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="46118809FFB42476FF2AB9A4FE97FE34" blockId="26.[151,1436,730,2026]" lastBlockId="27.[151,1436,152,402]" lastPageId="27" lastPageNumber="28" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
<emphasis id="74DA541BFFB42477FF2AB9A4FE93FA1F" bold="true" box="[198,365,1439,1465]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Mature larva</emphasis>
. Body length 5.0–
<quantity id="815625ECFFB42477FDA4B99BFD5AFA1C" box="[584,676,1440,1466]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.3" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" unit="mm" value="5.3">5.3 mm</quantity>
. Body light yellow except dorsal surface of abdominal segments 7 and 8 reddish-brown. Head capsule very sparsely covered with simple minute setae. Cephalic apotome yellow, with faint positive head spots, or somewhat dark yellow on posterior 1/2, thus head spots obscured. Lateral surface of head capsule yellowish or dark yellow except eye-spot region white; spots in front of posterior margin faintly positive; eyebrow indistinct though 1 dark small round spot visible above eye-spot region. Ventral surface of head capsule yellow to dark yellow, with dark brown area on each side of postgenal cleft; elongate spots on each side of postgenal cleft indistinct. Cervical sclerites composed of 2 small light brown rod-like pieces, not fused to occiput, widely separated from each other. Antenna composed of 3 segments and apical sensillum, much longer than stem of labral fan; antenna pale except dorsal surface of basal portion of 1st segment brownish; proportional lengths of 1st, 2nd, and 3rd segments 1.00:0.75– 0.84:0.81–0.84. Labral fan with 25–28 main rays. Mandible (
<figureCitation id="DE95948CFFB42477FC83BB2EFC25F889" box="[879,987,1813,1839]" captionStart="FIGURE 14" captionStartId="27.[151,255,1566,1590]" captionTargetBox="[154,1435,450,1533]" captionTargetId="figure-300@27.[150,1438,433,1545]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="FIGURE 14. Mature larva of Simulium (Gomphostilbia) sachini Takaoka &amp; Henry. A, apical portion of mandible; B, hypostoma; C, head capsule showing medium-long postgenal cleft (ventral view); D, histoblast of pharate pupal gill (left side; outer view). Scale bars. 0.04 mm for C &amp; D; 0.02 mm for B; 0.01 mm for A." pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Fig. 14A</figureCitation>
) with 3 comb-teeth (plus additional 2 teeth) decreasing in length from 1st to 3rd though 2nd tooth only slightly longer than 3rd one; mandibular serrations composed of 2 teeth (1 large and 1 small); large tooth at acute angle to mandible on apical side. Hypostoma (
<figureCitation id="DE95948CFFB42477FEDDBBBEFE65F839" box="[305,411,1925,1951]" captionStart="FIGURE 14" captionStartId="27.[151,255,1566,1590]" captionTargetBox="[154,1435,450,1533]" captionTargetId="figure-300@27.[150,1438,433,1545]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="FIGURE 14. Mature larva of Simulium (Gomphostilbia) sachini Takaoka &amp; Henry. A, apical portion of mandible; B, hypostoma; C, head capsule showing medium-long postgenal cleft (ventral view); D, histoblast of pharate pupal gill (left side; outer view). Scale bars. 0.04 mm for C &amp; D; 0.02 mm for B; 0.01 mm for A." pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Fig. 14B</figureCitation>
) with row of 9 apical teeth, median tooth and corner teeth prominent; lateral margins smooth; hypostomal bristles 4 or
<quantity id="815625ECFFB42477FDCABB91FDAAF862" box="[550,596,1962,1988]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.27" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" unit="in" value="5.0">5 in</quantity>
row, parallel to lateral margin on each side. Postgenal cleft (
<figureCitation id="DE95948CFFB42477FAC5BB91FA6DF862" box="[1321,1427,1962,1988]" captionStart="FIGURE 14" captionStartId="27.[151,255,1566,1590]" captionTargetBox="[154,1435,450,1533]" captionTargetId="figure-300@27.[150,1438,433,1545]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="FIGURE 14. Mature larva of Simulium (Gomphostilbia) sachini Takaoka &amp; Henry. A, apical portion of mandible; B, hypostoma; C, head capsule showing medium-long postgenal cleft (ventral view); D, histoblast of pharate pupal gill (left side; outer view). Scale bars. 0.04 mm for C &amp; D; 0.02 mm for B; 0.01 mm for A." pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Fig. 14C</figureCitation>
) arrow-head shaped, medium-long, 2.6–3.2 times as long as postgenal bridge; subesophageal ganglion unpigmented, not visible. Pharate pupal gill (
<figureCitation id="DE95948CFFB52476FD43BCA3FCE5FF14" box="[687,795,152,178]" captionStart="FIGURE 14" captionStartId="27.[151,255,1566,1590]" captionTargetBox="[154,1435,450,1533]" captionTargetId="figure-300@27.[150,1438,433,1545]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="FIGURE 14. Mature larva of Simulium (Gomphostilbia) sachini Takaoka &amp; Henry. A, apical portion of mandible; B, hypostoma; C, head capsule showing medium-long postgenal cleft (ventral view); D, histoblast of pharate pupal gill (left side; outer view). Scale bars. 0.04 mm for C &amp; D; 0.02 mm for B; 0.01 mm for A." pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Fig. 14D</figureCitation>
) with wrinkled enlarged body with 6 short finger-like projections and 8 long slender thread-like filaments. Thoracic cuticle bare. Abdominal cuticle bare except both sides of anal sclerite (down to base of ventral papillae) densely covered with colorless simple setae. Rectal scales appearing to be absent. Rectal organ compound, each of 3 lobes with 9–11 finger-like secondary lobules. Anal sclerite X-shaped, anterior arms nearly as long as posterior ones; accessory sclerites absent; sensillum absent. Ventral papillae well developed, conical in shape. Posterior circlet with 84–88 rows of up to 14 hooks per row.
</paragraph>
<caption id="12D1D881FFB52476FF7BBA25FBFCF9D3" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" startId="27.[151,255,1566,1590]" targetBox="[154,1435,450,1533]" targetPageId="27">
<paragraph id="46118809FFB52476FF7BBA25FBFCF9D3" blockId="27.[151,1436,1566,1653]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
<emphasis id="74DA541BFFB52476FF7BBA25FED6F990" bold="true" box="[151,296,1566,1590]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">FIGURE 14.</emphasis>
Mature larva of
<taxonomicName id="81AEF38AFFB52476FE0DBA24FBB7F993" authority="Takaoka &amp; Henry. A" authorityName="Takaoka &amp; Henry. A" authorityYear="2010" box="[481,1097,1566,1590]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sachini" subGenus="Gomphostilbia">
<emphasis id="74DA541BFFB52476FE0DBA24FDB8F990" box="[481,582,1567,1590]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Simulium</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="74DA541BFFB52476FDBBBA24FD09F990" box="[599,759,1567,1590]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Gomphostilbia</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="74DA541BFFB52476FCE4BA24FCA8F990" box="[776,854,1567,1590]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">sachini</emphasis>
Takaoka &amp; Henry. A
</taxonomicName>
, apical portion of mandible; B, hypostoma; C, head capsule showing medium-long postgenal cleft (ventral view); D, histoblast of pharate pupal gill (left side; outer view). Scale bars. 0.04 mm for C &amp; D; 0.02 mm for B; 0.01 mm for A.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="46118809FFB52476FF2ABA98FE57F84E" blockId="27.[151,1436,1699,2024]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
<emphasis id="74DA541BFFB52476FF2ABA98FE2FF91B" bold="true" box="[198,465,1699,1725]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Specimens examined.</emphasis>
One male (together with associated pupal exuviae and cocoon) (preserved in 80% ethanol), reared from pupa collected from a small stream (water temperature 18.5˚C, partially shaded, altitude
<quantity id="815625ECFFB52476FF7BBAD5FF02F8AE" box="[151,252,1774,1800]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.627" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" unit="m" value="1627.0">1,627 m</quantity>
, 27˚96’12.9” N, 85˚95’66.8” E) moderately flowing along the road, Kodari,
<collectingCountry id="3EB9C899FFB52476FB78BAD5FB20F8AE" box="[1172,1246,1774,1800]" name="Nepal" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Nepal</collectingCountry>
,
<materialsCitation id="F6C68254FFB52476FB07BAD5FB60F8DE" collectingDate="2009-07-16" country="Nepal" elevation="1576" location="Tatopani" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1">
<date id="3210AEC9FFB52476FB07BAD5FA7EF8AE" box="[1259,1408,1774,1800]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" value="2009-07-16">
<collectingDate id="22545721FFB52476FB07BAD5FA7EF8AE" box="[1259,1408,1774,1800]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" value="2009-07-16">16.VII.2009</collectingDate>
</date>
;
<specimenCount id="50A84380FFB52476FA61BAD5FF2EF888" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
(together with associated pupal exuviae and cocoon) (preserved in 80% ethanol), reared from pupa, and 1 mature larva collected from a small water canal (water temperature 20.0˚C, partially shaded, altitude
<quantity id="815625ECFFB52476FAB6BB02FF4FF8DE" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.576" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" unit="m" value="1576.0">
<elevation id="CD836F3AFFB52476FAB6BB02FF4FF8DE" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.576" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" unit="m" value="1576.0">1,576 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, 27˚95’66.2” N, 85˚95’51.4” E) moderately flowing along the road,
<location id="4371DED2FFB52476FC33BB65FBB7F8DE" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:CE07391FFFB42471FF7BBE36FB84FDB9:4371DED2FFB52476FC33BB65FBB7F8DE" box="[991,1097,1886,1912]" country="Nepal" name="Tatopani" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Tatopani</location>
,
<collectingCountry id="3EB9C899FFB52476FBB9BB65FB60F8DE" box="[1109,1182,1886,1912]" name="Nepal" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Nepal</collectingCountry>
</materialsCitation>
,
<materialsCitation id="F6C68254FFB52476FB47BB65FC17F865" collectingDate="2009-07-16" country="Nepal" elevation="1600" location="Shivapuri National Park" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1">
<date id="3210AEC9FFB52476FB47BB65FAC1F8DE" box="[1195,1343,1886,1912]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" value="2009-07-16">
<collectingDate id="22545721FFB52476FB47BB65FAC1F8DE" box="[1195,1343,1886,1912]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" value="2009-07-16">16.VII.2009</collectingDate>
</date>
;
<specimenCount id="50A84380FFB52476FAA0BB65FA65F8DE" box="[1356,1435,1886,1912]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
(together with associated pupal exuviae and cocoon) (preserved in 80% ethanol), reared from pupa collected from a small stream (altitude
<quantity id="815625ECFFB52476FE1ABB92FDA5F865" box="[502,603,1961,1987]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" unit="m" value="1600.0">
<elevation id="CD836F3AFFB52476FE1ABB92FDA5F865" box="[502,603,1961,1987]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" unit="m" value="1600.0">1,600 m</elevation>
</quantity>
),
<location id="4371DED2FFB52476FD9DBB92FC6DF865" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:CE07391FFFB42471FF7BBE36FB84FDB9:4371DED2FFB52476FD9DBB92FC6DF865" box="[625,915,1961,1987]" country="Nepal" name="Shivapuri National Park" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Shivapuri National Park</location>
,
<collectingCountry id="3EB9C899FFB52476FC4CBB92FC17F865" box="[928,1001,1961,1987]" name="Nepal" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Nepal</collectingCountry>
</materialsCitation>
,
<date id="3210AEC9FFB52476FC1ABB92FB97F865" box="[1014,1129,1961,1987]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" value="2008-04-09">9.IV.2008</date>
(previously misidentified as
<taxonomicName id="81AEF38AFFB52476FF5ABBF4FE67F84E" authorityName="Takaoka &amp; Davies" authorityYear="1995" box="[182,409,1998,2024]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gombakense" subGenus="Gomphostilbia">
<emphasis id="74DA541BFFB52476FF5ABBF4FF3BF84E" box="[182,197,1999,2024]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">S</emphasis>
. (
<emphasis id="74DA541BFFB52476FF31BBF4FF11F84E" box="[221,239,1999,2024]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">G</emphasis>
.)
<emphasis id="74DA541BFFB52476FEE4BBF4FE67F84E" box="[264,409,1999,2024]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">gombakense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="46118809FFB22471FF2ABCACFD0BFF51" blockId="28.[151,1436,151,543]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
<emphasis id="74DA541BFFB22471FF2ABCACFE6DFF17" bold="true" box="[198,403,151,177]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Biological notes.</emphasis>
The pupae and larva of
<emphasis id="74DA541BFFB22471FD2ABCA3FD2BFF17" box="[710,725,152,177]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">S</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="81AEF38AFFB22471FD0ABCA3FC89FF17" authorityName="Takaoka &amp; Henry. A" authorityYear="2010" box="[742,887,152,178]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sachini" subGenus="Gomphostilbia">
(
<emphasis id="74DA541BFFB22471FD1DBCA3FCFAFF17" box="[753,772,152,177]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">G</emphasis>
.)
<emphasis id="74DA541BFFB22471FCF3BCA3FC89FF17" box="[799,887,152,177]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">sachini</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
were collected from grass leaves trailing in water. Six larvae of
<emphasis id="74DA541BFFB22471FE74BC81FE59FF75" box="[408,423,186,211]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">S</emphasis>
. (
<taxonomicName id="81AEF38AFFB22471FE28BC81FD7EFF75" box="[452,640,186,211]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Montisimulium">
<emphasis id="74DA541BFFB22471FE28BC81FD7EFF75" box="[452,640,186,211]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Montisimulium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) sp. and
<specimenCount id="50A84380FFB22471FD14BC81FC81FF72" box="[760,895,186,212]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" type="larva">five larvae</specimenCount>
of
<taxonomicName id="81AEF38AFFB22471FC40BC81FB1AFF75" baseAuthorityName="Lundstrom" baseAuthorityYear="1911" box="[940,1252,186,212]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tuberosum" subGenus="Simulium">
<emphasis id="74DA541BFFB22471FC40BC81FC45FF75" box="[940,955,186,211]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">S</emphasis>
. (
<emphasis id="74DA541BFFB22471FC34BC81FBB3FF75" box="[984,1101,186,211]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Simulium</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="74DA541BFFB22471FB8EBC81FB1AFF75" box="[1122,1252,186,211]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">tuberosum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species-group were collected from the same stream in Tatopani.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="0EB4DB82FFB22471FF2ABCC4FB84FDB9" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="46118809FFB22471FF2ABCC4FB84FDB9" blockId="28.[151,1436,151,543]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
<emphasis id="74DA541BFFB22471FF2ABCC4FEC1FEBF" bold="true" box="[198,319,255,281]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Remarks.</emphasis>
The male of
<emphasis id="74DA541BFFB22471FE05BD3BFE06FEBF" box="[489,504,256,281]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">S</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="81AEF38AFFB22471FDE6BD3BFD68FEBF" authorityName="Takaoka &amp; Henry. A" authorityYear="2010" box="[522,662,256,282]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sachini" subGenus="Gomphostilbia">
(
<emphasis id="74DA541BFFB22471FDFFBD3BFDDBFEBF" box="[531,549,256,281]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">G</emphasis>
.)
<emphasis id="74DA541BFFB22471FDADBD3BFD68FEBF" box="[577,662,256,281]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">sachini</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is very similar to that of
<taxonomicName id="81AEF38AFFB22471FC38BD3BFB3DFEBF" authority="Takaoka &amp; Shrestha, 2010" authorityName="Takaoka &amp; Shrestha" authorityYear="2010" box="[980,1219,256,282]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nuwakotense" status="sp. nov." subGenus="Gomphostilbia">
<emphasis id="74DA541BFFB22471FC38BD3BFC1DFEBF" box="[980,995,256,281]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">S</emphasis>
. (
<emphasis id="74DA541BFFB22471FC12BD3BFBEEFEBF" box="[1022,1040,256,281]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">G</emphasis>
.)
<emphasis id="74DA541BFFB22471FBC0BD3BFB3DFEBF" box="[1068,1219,256,281]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">nuwakotense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="74DA541BFFB22471FB22BCC4FAD0FEBF" bold="true" box="[1230,1326,255,281]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="6FE9E960FFB22471FB22BCC4FAD0FEBF" box="[1230,1326,255,281]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
in many characteristics including the genitalia and color of legs. The hind basitarsus of this species appears to be somewhat wider than that of
<taxonomicName id="81AEF38AFFB22471FE05BD71FD2EFEC5" authority="Takaoka &amp; Shrestha, 2010" authorityName="Takaoka &amp; Shrestha" authorityYear="2010" box="[489,720,330,356]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nuwakotense" status="sp. nov." subGenus="Gomphostilbia">
<emphasis id="74DA541BFFB22471FE05BD71FE06FEC5" box="[489,504,330,355]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">S</emphasis>
. (
<emphasis id="74DA541BFFB22471FDFCBD71FDDCFEC5" box="[528,546,330,355]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">G</emphasis>
.)
<emphasis id="74DA541BFFB22471FDD5BD71FD2EFEC5" box="[569,720,330,355]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">nuwakotense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="74DA541BFFB22471FD3BBD71FCCAFEC2" bold="true" box="[727,820,330,356]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="6FE9E960FFB22471FD3BBD71FCCAFEC2" box="[727,820,330,356]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
as shown by its relative widths against the hind tibia and femur (i.e., 0.80–0.84 and 0.80–0.83 versus 0.78 and
<quantity id="815625ECFFB22471FCDBBD4BFC76FE2C" box="[823,904,368,394]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.905" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" unit="in" value="0.75">0.75 in</quantity>
<taxonomicName id="81AEF38AFFB22471FC63BD4BFB88FE2F" authority="Takaoka &amp; Shrestha, 2010" authorityName="Takaoka &amp; Shrestha" authorityYear="2010" box="[911,1142,368,394]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nuwakotense" status="sp. nov." subGenus="Gomphostilbia">
<emphasis id="74DA541BFFB22471FC63BD4BFC60FE2F" box="[911,926,368,393]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">S</emphasis>
. (
<emphasis id="74DA541BFFB22471FC59BD4BFC39FE2F" box="[949,967,368,393]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">G</emphasis>
.)
<emphasis id="74DA541BFFB22471FC33BD4BFB88FE2F" box="[991,1142,368,393]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">nuwakotense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="74DA541BFFB22471FB91BD54FB24FE2F" bold="true" box="[1149,1242,367,393]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="6FE9E960FFB22471FB91BD54FB24FE2F" box="[1149,1242,367,393]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
). The male of
<emphasis id="74DA541BFFB22471FA6ABD4BFA6BFE2F" box="[1414,1429,368,393]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">S</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="81AEF38AFFB22471FF7BBDAEFEDFFE08" authorityName="Takaoka &amp; Henry. A" authorityYear="2010" box="[151,289,405,431]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sachini" subGenus="Gomphostilbia">
(
<emphasis id="74DA541BFFB22471FF4DBDAEFF4DFE08" box="[161,179,405,430]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">G</emphasis>
.)
<emphasis id="74DA541BFFB22471FF20BDAEFEDFFE08" box="[204,289,405,430]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">sachini</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is readily distinguished from that of
<taxonomicName id="81AEF38AFFB22471FD30BDAEFC3CFE08" authorityName="Takaoka &amp; Davies" authorityYear="1995" box="[732,962,405,431]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gombakense" subGenus="Gomphostilbia">
<emphasis id="74DA541BFFB22471FD30BDAEFD15FE08" box="[732,747,405,430]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">S</emphasis>
. (
<emphasis id="74DA541BFFB22471FCE8BDAEFCE8FE08" box="[772,790,405,430]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">G</emphasis>
.)
<emphasis id="74DA541BFFB22471FCDCBDAEFC3CFE08" box="[816,962,405,430]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">gombakense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by the ventral plate with two ventrallyproduced processes (similar to
<figureCitation id="DE95948CFFB22471FDFEBD81FD84FE72" box="[530,634,442,468]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="24.[151,255,1818,1842]" captionTargetBox="[161,1423,345,1796]" captionTargetId="figure-188@24.[157,1424,326,1814]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIGURE 12. Male of Simulium (Gomphostilbia) nuwakotense sp. nov. A, 3rd segment of maxillary palp with sensory vesicle (right side; front view); B, basitarsus and 2nd tarsomere of hind leg (left side; outer view); C, coxites, styles and ventral plate (ventral view); D, style (right side; ventrolateral view); E, ventral plate and median sclerite (lateral view); F, ventral plate (end view); G, median sclerite (end view); H, paramere with several hooks (left side; dorsal view); I &amp; J, 10th abdominal segment with cercus (right side; I, lateral view; J, end view). Scale bars. 0.05 mm for B; 0.02 mm for A &amp; C–J." pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Fig. 12F</figureCitation>
) as well as the somewhat widened spindle-shaped hind basitarsus (similar to
<figureCitation id="DE95948CFFB22471FEFBBDDBFE7CFE5C" box="[279,386,480,506]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="24.[151,255,1818,1842]" captionTargetBox="[161,1423,345,1796]" captionTargetId="figure-188@24.[157,1424,326,1814]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIGURE 12. Male of Simulium (Gomphostilbia) nuwakotense sp. nov. A, 3rd segment of maxillary palp with sensory vesicle (right side; front view); B, basitarsus and 2nd tarsomere of hind leg (left side; outer view); C, coxites, styles and ventral plate (ventral view); D, style (right side; ventrolateral view); E, ventral plate and median sclerite (lateral view); F, ventral plate (end view); G, median sclerite (end view); H, paramere with several hooks (left side; dorsal view); I &amp; J, 10th abdominal segment with cercus (right side; I, lateral view; J, end view). Scale bars. 0.05 mm for B; 0.02 mm for A &amp; C–J." pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Fig. 12B</figureCitation>
). The male of
<taxonomicName id="81AEF38AFFB22471FDC0BDDBFCF0FE5F" authorityName="Takaoka &amp; Davies" authorityYear="1995" box="[556,782,480,506]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gombakense" subGenus="Gomphostilbia">
<emphasis id="74DA541BFFB22471FDC0BDDBFDC5FE5F" box="[556,571,480,505]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">S</emphasis>
. (
<emphasis id="74DA541BFFB22471FDBFBDDBFD9BFE5F" box="[595,613,480,505]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">G</emphasis>
.)
<emphasis id="74DA541BFFB22471FD91BDDBFCF0FE5F" box="[637,782,480,505]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">gombakense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
bears the ventral plate with a single ventrally-produced median process and the nearly parallel-sided slender hind basitarsus (
<bibRefCitation id="223FF5F8FFB22471FC2DBE3EFB93FDB9" author="Takaoka, H." box="[961,1133,517,543]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" pagination="111 - 114" refId="ref38091" refString="Takaoka, H. (2000) Taxonomic notes on Simulium g o mbakense (Diptera: Simuliidae) from Peninsular Malaysia: descriptions of male and pupa, and subgeneric transfer from Morops to Gomphostilbia. Japanese Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 28, 111 - 114." type="journal article" year="2000">Takaoka 2000</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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