389 lines
43 KiB
XML
389 lines
43 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1083.77428" ID-GBIF-Dataset="eba38403-ed7f-47c0-b930-79acc8c3dff0" ID-PMC="PMC8799626" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-1083-1" ID-Pensoft-UUID="6F4CF6869EE95468905AECE6D6964D47" ID-PubMed="35115871" ID-ZooBank="C4DC1800DFA34490B33B57085534C701" ModsDocID="1313-2970-1083-1" checkinTime="1642861818216" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Srisuka, Wichai, Aupalee, Kittipat, Otsuka, Yasushi, Fukuda, Masako, Takaoka, Hiroyuki & Saeung, Atiporn" docDate="2022" docId="83D6204F63035777ACA047D0C09EC0CE" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 1083: 1-12" docOrigin="ZooKeys 1083" docPubDate="2022-01-21" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1083.77428" docTitle="Simulium (Gomphostilbia) khelangense Takaoka, Srisuka & Saeung 2022, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docUuid="A2B76F93-9D05-4CA7-A03C-2FB789155495" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="4" id="6F4CF6869EE95468905AECE6D6964D47" lastPageNumber="1" masterDocId="6F4CF6869EE95468905AECE6D6964D47" masterDocTitle="A new species of Simulium (Gomphostilbia) (Diptera, Simuliidae) from Thailand, with a key to identify females of 14 species of the Simulium varicorne species-group" masterLastPageNumber="12" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="1" updateTime="1668151417774" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>A new species of Simulium (Gomphostilbia) (Diptera, Simuliidae) from Thailand, with a key to identify females of 14 species of the Simulium varicorne species-group</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Srisuka, Wichai</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Entomology Section, Queen Sirikit Botanic Garden, P. O. Box 7, Maerim, Chiang Mai 50180, Thailand</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Aupalee, Kittipat</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5716-4725</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>Center of Insect Vector Study, Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Otsuka, Yasushi</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Research Center for the Pacific Islands, Kagoshima University, Korimoto 1 - 21 - 24, Kagoshima City, Kagoshima 890 - 8580, Japan</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Fukuda, Masako</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Institute for Research Management, Oita University, Idaigaoka 1 - 1, Hasama, Yufu City, Oita, 879 - 5593, Japan</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Takaoka, Hiroyuki</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Higher Institution of Centre of Excellence (HICoE), Tropical Infectious Diseases Research and Education Centre, (TIDREC), Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, 50603, Malaysia</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Saeung, Atiporn</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3550-5992</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>Center of Insect Vector Study, Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">atisaeung.noi@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2022</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2022-01-21</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>1083</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
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<mods:end>12</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1083.77428</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1083.77428</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-1083-1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">C4DC1800DFA34490B33B57085534C701</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">6F4CF6869EE95468905AECE6D6964D47</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="192515928" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:A2B76F93-9D05-4CA7-A03C-2FB789155495" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/83D6204F63035777ACA047D0C09EC0CE" lastPageNumber="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName LSID="http://zoobank.org/A2B76F93-9D05-4CA7-A03C-2FB789155495" authority="Takaoka, Srisuka & Saeung" authorityName="Takaoka, Srisuka & Saeung" authorityYear="2022" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Simulium (Gomphostilbia) khelangense" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="khelangense" status="sp. nov." subGenus="Gomphostilbia">Simulium (Gomphostilbia) khelangense Takaoka, Srisuka & Saeung</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="0" pageNumber="1">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Material examined.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<materialsCitation collectingDate="2018-03-29" collectingMethod="sweeping net" county="Chiang Mai Province" elevation="1571" latitude="20.076752" location="Female" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="99.18139" municipality="Fang District" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="Holotype">
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<typeStatus>Holotype</typeStatus>
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</emphasis>
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:
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<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:83D6204F63035777ACA047D0C09EC0CE:7CA727BAA9CB7D780502552755D3F2A2" county="Chiang Mai Province" latitude="20.076752" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="99.18139" municipality="Fang District" name="Female">Female</location>
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(whole body) captured by a
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<collectingMethod>sweeping net</collectingMethod>
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, at
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<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:83D6204F63035777ACA047D0C09EC0CE:D258F9F98A1843BFE38A73B18FC82872" county="Chiang Mai Province" latitude="20.076752" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="99.18139" municipality="Fang District" name="Ban Lek">Ban Lek</location>
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,
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<collectingMunicipality>Fang District</collectingMunicipality>
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,
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<collectingCounty>Chiang Mai Province</collectingCounty>
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,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="20" direction="north" minutes="04" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="36.3" value="20.076752">20°04'36.3"N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="99" direction="east" minutes="10" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="53.0" value="99.18139">99°10'53.0"E</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.571" unit="m" value="1571.0">
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<elevation metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.571" unit="m" value="1571.0">1571 m</elevation>
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</quantity>
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in elevation,
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<collectingDate value="2018-03-29">29 III 2018</collectingDate>
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, by Wichai Srisuka (Site 2)
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</materialsCitation>
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.
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<typeStatus>Paratypes</typeStatus>
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</emphasis>
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: One female and
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<materialsCitation collectingDate="2022-01-01" collectingDateMax="2022-12-31" collectingDateMin="2022-01-01" county="Chiang Mai Province" elevation="1571" latitude="20.076752" location="Female" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="99.18139" municipality="Fang District" specimenCount="one" specimenCount-female="1" typeStatus="holotype">
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<specimenCount type="female">one female</specimenCount>
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(except thorax), same data and date as for the
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<typeStatus>holotype</typeStatus>
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</materialsCitation>
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,
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<materialsCitation collectingDate="2022-01-01" collectingDateMax="2022-12-31" collectingDateMin="2022-01-01" county="Site" location="Pratoo Pha" municipality="Lampang Province" specimenCount="three" specimenCount-female="1" typeStatus="paratype">
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<specimenCount type="female">three females</specimenCount>
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(except thorax), collected at
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<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:83D6204F63035777ACA047D0C09EC0CE:65E3384414BB6E24E0E4C108DB38F676" county="Site" municipality="Lampang Province" name="Pratoo Pha">Pratoo Pha</location>
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,
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<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:83D6204F63035777ACA047D0C09EC0CE:125FDBBD0E26DD4A31784A4028FF629A" county="Site" municipality="Lampang Province" name="Mueang">Mueang</location>
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,
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<collectingMunicipality>Lampang Province</collectingMunicipality>
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(
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<collectingCounty>Site</collectingCounty>
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1)
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</materialsCitation>
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;
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<materialsCitation collectingDate="2022-01-01" collectingDateMax="2022-12-31" collectingDateMin="2022-01-01" county="Site" location="Ban Romklao Botanic Garden" municipality="Phitsanulok Province" specimenCount="three" specimenCount-female="1" typeStatus="paratype">
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<specimenCount type="female">three females</specimenCount>
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(except thorax) collected at
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<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:83D6204F63035777ACA047D0C09EC0CE:4ACD15E5A51BEC590908827394F030E5" county="Site" municipality="Phitsanulok Province" name="Ban Romklao Botanic Garden">Ban Romklao Botanic Garden</location>
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,
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<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:83D6204F63035777ACA047D0C09EC0CE:7159F146D2CCC85210971180345CF777" county="Site" municipality="Phitsanulok Province" name="Chat Trakan">Chat Trakan</location>
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,
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<collectingMunicipality>Phitsanulok Province</collectingMunicipality>
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(
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<collectingCounty>Site</collectingCounty>
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3)
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</materialsCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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Female adult: the only species of the
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="S. chumpornense" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chumpornense">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. chumpornense</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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subgroup with antenna with eight flagellomeres, pleural membrane bare, subcosta bare, and hind tibia darkened on apical half, with dark subbasal marking and relatively slender fore basitarsus (6.29-6.38 times as long as its greatest width).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Female</emphasis>
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(
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">N</emphasis>
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= 9). Body length 2.3-2.5 mm.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Head</emphasis>
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.
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</emphasis>
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Slightly narrower than thorax. Frons brownish black, dull, densely covered with yellowish-white scale-like recumbent short hairs; frontal ratio 1.35-1.44:1.00:1.71-2.09; frons:head ratio 1.00:4.21-4.66. Fronto-ocular area well developed, directed laterally and slightly upward. Clypeus brownish black, densely covered with yellowish-white scale-like short hairs interspersed with several dark unbranched longer hairs along lateral margin on each side. Labrum 0.65-0.69 times as long as clypeus. Antenna (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Female of Simulium khelangense sp. nov. A antenna (left side; dorsal view) B third palpal segment with sensory vesicle (right side; front view) C cibarium D mid tibia (left side; outer view) E hind tibia (left side; outer view) F hind basitarsus and second tarsomere (left side; outer view) G claw of hind tarsus (lateral view) H eighth sternite and ovipositor valves (ventral view) I genital fork (ventral view) J, K paraprocts and cerci (right side; J ventral view K lateral view) L spermatheca. Scale bars: 0.1 mm (D-F); 0.05 mm (A); 0.02 mm (B, C, H-L); 0.01 mm (G)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1083.77428.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/636774" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">2A</figureCitation>
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) composed of scape, pedicel and eight flagellomeres, dark brown to brownish black except scape, pedicel and base of first flagellomere yellowish white, rest of first flagellomere and third flagellomere medium to dark brown, and second and fourth flagellomeres yellow to dark yellow (sometimes light brown). Maxillary palpus composed of five segments, light brown, proportional lengths of third, fourth and fifth segments 1.00:1.00-1.03:2.34-2.48; third segment (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Female of Simulium khelangense sp. nov. A antenna (left side; dorsal view) B third palpal segment with sensory vesicle (right side; front view) C cibarium D mid tibia (left side; outer view) E hind tibia (left side; outer view) F hind basitarsus and second tarsomere (left side; outer view) G claw of hind tarsus (lateral view) H eighth sternite and ovipositor valves (ventral view) I genital fork (ventral view) J, K paraprocts and cerci (right side; J ventral view K lateral view) L spermatheca. Scale bars: 0.1 mm (D-F); 0.05 mm (A); 0.02 mm (B, C, H-L); 0.01 mm (G)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1083.77428.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/636774" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">2B</figureCitation>
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) somewhat swollen apically; sensory vesicle (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Female of Simulium khelangense sp. nov. A antenna (left side; dorsal view) B third palpal segment with sensory vesicle (right side; front view) C cibarium D mid tibia (left side; outer view) E hind tibia (left side; outer view) F hind basitarsus and second tarsomere (left side; outer view) G claw of hind tarsus (lateral view) H eighth sternite and ovipositor valves (ventral view) I genital fork (ventral view) J, K paraprocts and cerci (right side; J ventral view K lateral view) L spermatheca. Scale bars: 0.1 mm (D-F); 0.05 mm (A); 0.02 mm (B, C, H-L); 0.01 mm (G)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1083.77428.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/636774" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">2B</figureCitation>
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) ellipsoidal, 0.33-0.39 times length of third segment, with medium-sized opening. Maxillary lacinia with 9-12 inner, and 12-14 outer, teeth. Mandible with 20-22 inner teeth and with three or four outer teeth at some distance from apex, though outer teeth very weakly developed in one female. Cibarium (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Female of Simulium khelangense sp. nov. A antenna (left side; dorsal view) B third palpal segment with sensory vesicle (right side; front view) C cibarium D mid tibia (left side; outer view) E hind tibia (left side; outer view) F hind basitarsus and second tarsomere (left side; outer view) G claw of hind tarsus (lateral view) H eighth sternite and ovipositor valves (ventral view) I genital fork (ventral view) J, K paraprocts and cerci (right side; J ventral view K lateral view) L spermatheca. Scale bars: 0.1 mm (D-F); 0.05 mm (A); 0.02 mm (B, C, H-L); 0.01 mm (G)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1083.77428.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/636774" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">2C</figureCitation>
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) with pair of short stout submedian projections directed dorsally on dorsal margin.
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</paragraph>
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<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.1083.77428.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/636774" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 2" startId="F2">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 2.</emphasis>
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Female of
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Takaoka, Srisuka & Saeung" authorityYear="2022" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Simulium khelangense" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="khelangense">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Simulium khelangense</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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sp. nov.
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A</emphasis>
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antenna (left side; dorsal view)
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B</emphasis>
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third palpal segment with sensory vesicle (right side; front view)
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C</emphasis>
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cibarium
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D</emphasis>
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mid tibia (left side; outer view)
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E</emphasis>
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hind tibia (left side; outer view)
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">F</emphasis>
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hind basitarsus and second tarsomere (left side; outer view)
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">G</emphasis>
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claw of hind tarsus (lateral view)
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">H</emphasis>
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eighth sternite and ovipositor valves (ventral view)
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">I</emphasis>
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genital fork (ventral view)
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">J, K</emphasis>
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paraprocts and cerci (right side;
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">J</emphasis>
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ventral view
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">K</emphasis>
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lateral view)
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">L</emphasis>
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spermatheca. Scale bars: 0.1 mm (
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D-F</emphasis>
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); 0.05 mm (
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A</emphasis>
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); 0.02 mm (
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B, C, H-L</emphasis>
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); 0.01 mm (
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">G</emphasis>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Thorax</emphasis>
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.
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</emphasis>
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Scutum brownish black (except anterolateral calli ochreous), shiny, gray-pruinose with three longitudinal nonpruinose vittae (one medial and two submedial), densely covered with yellowish-white scale-like recumbent short hairs intermixed with brownish similar hairs. Scutellum dark brown, covered with yellowish-white short hairs and dark brown upright long hairs. Postnotum dark brown, bare, slightly shiny and gray-pruinose when illuminated at certain angle. Pleural membrane bare. Katepisternum dark brown, longer than deep, moderately covered with yellowish fine hairs interspersed with dark brown hairs.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Legs</emphasis>
|
|
.
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
Foreleg: coxa and trochanter yellowish white; femur medium brown though apical tip yellow; tibia medium brown, except base yellow, and median large portion on outer surface and apex light brown; tarsus brownish black, with moderate dorsal hair crest; basitarsus somewhat dilated, 6.29-6.38 times as long as its greatest width. Midleg: coxa dark brown; trochanter light brown; femur medium to dark brown though apical tip yellow; tibia (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Female of Simulium khelangense sp. nov. A antenna (left side; dorsal view) B third palpal segment with sensory vesicle (right side; front view) C cibarium D mid tibia (left side; outer view) E hind tibia (left side; outer view) F hind basitarsus and second tarsomere (left side; outer view) G claw of hind tarsus (lateral view) H eighth sternite and ovipositor valves (ventral view) I genital fork (ventral view) J, K paraprocts and cerci (right side; J ventral view K lateral view) L spermatheca. Scale bars: 0.1 mm (D-F); 0.05 mm (A); 0.02 mm (B, C, H-L); 0.01 mm (G)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1083.77428.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/636774" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">2D</figureCitation>
|
|
) light brown on basal two-fifths except base yellow and with or without faint subbasal dark marking, and medium to dark brown on apical three-fifths; tarsus light brown except basal three-fourth of basitarsus, basal half of second tarsomere and base of third tarsomere yellowish white. Hind leg: coxa dark brown; trochanter yellowish; femur dark brown with base and apical tip yellowish; tibia (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Female of Simulium khelangense sp. nov. A antenna (left side; dorsal view) B third palpal segment with sensory vesicle (right side; front view) C cibarium D mid tibia (left side; outer view) E hind tibia (left side; outer view) F hind basitarsus and second tarsomere (left side; outer view) G claw of hind tarsus (lateral view) H eighth sternite and ovipositor valves (ventral view) I genital fork (ventral view) J, K paraprocts and cerci (right side; J ventral view K lateral view) L spermatheca. Scale bars: 0.1 mm (D-F); 0.05 mm (A); 0.02 mm (B, C, H-L); 0.01 mm (G)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1083.77428.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/636774" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">2E</figureCitation>
|
|
) dark brown to brownish black on apical half, and yellowish on base, with distinct medium brown subbasal marking (though dark yellow to light brown between subbasal marking and dark apical half, and sometimes subbasal dark marking connected along posterior margin to dark apical half); tibia densely covered with whitish-yellow fine hairs on outer and posterior surface of basal three-fourths; tarsus medium brown except little more than basal two-thirds (though base light brown) of basitarsus and basal half of second tarsomere yellowish white; basitarsus (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Female of Simulium khelangense sp. nov. A antenna (left side; dorsal view) B third palpal segment with sensory vesicle (right side; front view) C cibarium D mid tibia (left side; outer view) E hind tibia (left side; outer view) F hind basitarsus and second tarsomere (left side; outer view) G claw of hind tarsus (lateral view) H eighth sternite and ovipositor valves (ventral view) I genital fork (ventral view) J, K paraprocts and cerci (right side; J ventral view K lateral view) L spermatheca. Scale bars: 0.1 mm (D-F); 0.05 mm (A); 0.02 mm (B, C, H-L); 0.01 mm (G)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1083.77428.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/636774" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">2F</figureCitation>
|
|
) narrow, nearly parallel-sided, 6.55-7.05 times as long as wide, and 0.58-0.61 and 0.48-0.52 times as wide as greatest width of tibia and femur, respectively; calcipala (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Female of Simulium khelangense sp. nov. A antenna (left side; dorsal view) B third palpal segment with sensory vesicle (right side; front view) C cibarium D mid tibia (left side; outer view) E hind tibia (left side; outer view) F hind basitarsus and second tarsomere (left side; outer view) G claw of hind tarsus (lateral view) H eighth sternite and ovipositor valves (ventral view) I genital fork (ventral view) J, K paraprocts and cerci (right side; J ventral view K lateral view) L spermatheca. Scale bars: 0.1 mm (D-F); 0.05 mm (A); 0.02 mm (B, C, H-L); 0.01 mm (G)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1083.77428.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/636774" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">2F</figureCitation>
|
|
) 1.3 times as long as wide, and 0.45-0.47 times as wide as width of basitarsus; pedisulcus (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Female of Simulium khelangense sp. nov. A antenna (left side; dorsal view) B third palpal segment with sensory vesicle (right side; front view) C cibarium D mid tibia (left side; outer view) E hind tibia (left side; outer view) F hind basitarsus and second tarsomere (left side; outer view) G claw of hind tarsus (lateral view) H eighth sternite and ovipositor valves (ventral view) I genital fork (ventral view) J, K paraprocts and cerci (right side; J ventral view K lateral view) L spermatheca. Scale bars: 0.1 mm (D-F); 0.05 mm (A); 0.02 mm (B, C, H-L); 0.01 mm (G)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1083.77428.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/636774" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">2F</figureCitation>
|
|
) well marked. Hind tarsal claw (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Female of Simulium khelangense sp. nov. A antenna (left side; dorsal view) B third palpal segment with sensory vesicle (right side; front view) C cibarium D mid tibia (left side; outer view) E hind tibia (left side; outer view) F hind basitarsus and second tarsomere (left side; outer view) G claw of hind tarsus (lateral view) H eighth sternite and ovipositor valves (ventral view) I genital fork (ventral view) J, K paraprocts and cerci (right side; J ventral view K lateral view) L spermatheca. Scale bars: 0.1 mm (D-F); 0.05 mm (A); 0.02 mm (B, C, H-L); 0.01 mm (G)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1083.77428.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/636774" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">2G</figureCitation>
|
|
) with large basal tooth 0.46-0.47 times length of claw.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Wing</emphasis>
|
|
.
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
Length 2.0 mm. Costa with dark brown spinules and dark brown hairs except basal portion with patch of white hairs. Subcosta bare. Hair tuft on base of radial vein white. Basal portion of radius fully haired. Basal cell absent.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Halter</emphasis>
|
|
.
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
White with base of stem darkened.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Abdomen</emphasis>
|
|
.
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
Basal scale light brown, with fringe of yellowish-white fine hairs. Dorsal surface of abdomen medium brown to brownish black except little less than basal one-half lighter, moderately covered with yellowish-white short hairs interspersed with dark brown long hairs; tergites of segments 2 and 6-8 shiny; sternal plate on segment 7 undeveloped.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Genitalia</emphasis>
|
|
.
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
Sternite 8 (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Female of Simulium khelangense sp. nov. A antenna (left side; dorsal view) B third palpal segment with sensory vesicle (right side; front view) C cibarium D mid tibia (left side; outer view) E hind tibia (left side; outer view) F hind basitarsus and second tarsomere (left side; outer view) G claw of hind tarsus (lateral view) H eighth sternite and ovipositor valves (ventral view) I genital fork (ventral view) J, K paraprocts and cerci (right side; J ventral view K lateral view) L spermatheca. Scale bars: 0.1 mm (D-F); 0.05 mm (A); 0.02 mm (B, C, H-L); 0.01 mm (G)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1083.77428.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/636774" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">2H</figureCitation>
|
|
) bare medially, with 14-16 long stout hairs and two to five short setae on each side. Ovipositor valves (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Female of Simulium khelangense sp. nov. A antenna (left side; dorsal view) B third palpal segment with sensory vesicle (right side; front view) C cibarium D mid tibia (left side; outer view) E hind tibia (left side; outer view) F hind basitarsus and second tarsomere (left side; outer view) G claw of hind tarsus (lateral view) H eighth sternite and ovipositor valves (ventral view) I genital fork (ventral view) J, K paraprocts and cerci (right side; J ventral view K lateral view) L spermatheca. Scale bars: 0.1 mm (D-F); 0.05 mm (A); 0.02 mm (B, C, H-L); 0.01 mm (G)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1083.77428.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/636774" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">2H</figureCitation>
|
|
) nearly triangular, thin, membranous, each moderately covered with microsetae interspersed with five or six short setae; inner margins slightly sinuous, moderately sclerotized. Genital fork (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Female of Simulium khelangense sp. nov. A antenna (left side; dorsal view) B third palpal segment with sensory vesicle (right side; front view) C cibarium D mid tibia (left side; outer view) E hind tibia (left side; outer view) F hind basitarsus and second tarsomere (left side; outer view) G claw of hind tarsus (lateral view) H eighth sternite and ovipositor valves (ventral view) I genital fork (ventral view) J, K paraprocts and cerci (right side; J ventral view K lateral view) L spermatheca. Scale bars: 0.1 mm (D-F); 0.05 mm (A); 0.02 mm (B, C, H-L); 0.01 mm (G)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1083.77428.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/636774" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">2I</figureCitation>
|
|
) of usual inverted-Y form, with narrow arms; arm folded medially. Paraproct in ventral view (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Female of Simulium khelangense sp. nov. A antenna (left side; dorsal view) B third palpal segment with sensory vesicle (right side; front view) C cibarium D mid tibia (left side; outer view) E hind tibia (left side; outer view) F hind basitarsus and second tarsomere (left side; outer view) G claw of hind tarsus (lateral view) H eighth sternite and ovipositor valves (ventral view) I genital fork (ventral view) J, K paraprocts and cerci (right side; J ventral view K lateral view) L spermatheca. Scale bars: 0.1 mm (D-F); 0.05 mm (A); 0.02 mm (B, C, H-L); 0.01 mm (G)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1083.77428.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/636774" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">2J</figureCitation>
|
|
) rounded outwardly and tapered medially, with 26-31 long hairs on ventral and lateral surfaces, and with five sensilla on anteromedial surface; paraproct in lateral view (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Female of Simulium khelangense sp. nov. A antenna (left side; dorsal view) B third palpal segment with sensory vesicle (right side; front view) C cibarium D mid tibia (left side; outer view) E hind tibia (left side; outer view) F hind basitarsus and second tarsomere (left side; outer view) G claw of hind tarsus (lateral view) H eighth sternite and ovipositor valves (ventral view) I genital fork (ventral view) J, K paraprocts and cerci (right side; J ventral view K lateral view) L spermatheca. Scale bars: 0.1 mm (D-F); 0.05 mm (A); 0.02 mm (B, C, H-L); 0.01 mm (G)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1083.77428.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/636774" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">2K</figureCitation>
|
|
) moderately produced ventrally beyond ventral margin of cercus, 0.58-0.68 times as long as wide. Cercus in lateral view (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Female of Simulium khelangense sp. nov. A antenna (left side; dorsal view) B third palpal segment with sensory vesicle (right side; front view) C cibarium D mid tibia (left side; outer view) E hind tibia (left side; outer view) F hind basitarsus and second tarsomere (left side; outer view) G claw of hind tarsus (lateral view) H eighth sternite and ovipositor valves (ventral view) I genital fork (ventral view) J, K paraprocts and cerci (right side; J ventral view K lateral view) L spermatheca. Scale bars: 0.1 mm (D-F); 0.05 mm (A); 0.02 mm (B, C, H-L); 0.01 mm (G)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1083.77428.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/636774" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">2K</figureCitation>
|
|
) rounded posteriorly, 0.44-0.68 times as long as wide. Spermatheca (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Female of Simulium khelangense sp. nov. A antenna (left side; dorsal view) B third palpal segment with sensory vesicle (right side; front view) C cibarium D mid tibia (left side; outer view) E hind tibia (left side; outer view) F hind basitarsus and second tarsomere (left side; outer view) G claw of hind tarsus (lateral view) H eighth sternite and ovipositor valves (ventral view) I genital fork (ventral view) J, K paraprocts and cerci (right side; J ventral view K lateral view) L spermatheca. Scale bars: 0.1 mm (D-F); 0.05 mm (A); 0.02 mm (B, C, H-L); 0.01 mm (G)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1083.77428.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/636774" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">2L</figureCitation>
|
|
) ellipsoidal, 1.67-1.88 times as long as wide, well sclerotized except duct unsclerotized, and with many fissures on surface; internal setae absent; both accessory tubes slender, slightly larger in diameter than major one.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Male, pupa and larva.</emphasis>
|
|
Unknown.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="etymology">
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Etymology.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
|
The species name
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Takaoka, Srisuka & Saeung" authorityYear="2022" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Simulium khelangense" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="khelangense">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Simulium khelangense</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
refers to Khelang, an old name of Lampang Province, where this new species was collected.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="distribution">
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Distribution.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Thailand (Lampang, Phitsanulok and Chiang Mai).</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="ecological note">
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Ecological note.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
|
Females of this new species were captured while attracted to a human, though they have a large claw tooth, a characteristic suggesting that this species is ornithophilic (
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Adler, PH" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B2" refString="Adler, PH, Currie, DC, Wood, DM, 2004. The Black Flies (Simuliidae) of North America, Cornell University Press, Ithaca, New York, USA, [xv +] 941 pp." title="The Black Flies (Simuliidae) of North America, Cornell University Press, Ithaca, New York, USA, [xv +] 941 pp." year="2004">Adler et al. 2004</bibRefCitation>
|
|
).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="discussion">
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Discussion.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Takaoka, Srisuka & Saeung" authorityYear="2022" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Simulium khelangense" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="khelangense">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Simulium khelangense</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
sp. nov. is placed in the
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Edwards" authorityYear="1925" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Simulium varicorne" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="varicorne">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Simulium varicorne</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
species-group in the subgenus
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Simulium (Gomphostilbia)" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Gomphostilbia">Simulium Gomphostilbia</taxonomicName>
|
|
by having the antenna with eight flagellomeres (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Female of Simulium khelangense sp. nov. A antenna (left side; dorsal view) B third palpal segment with sensory vesicle (right side; front view) C cibarium D mid tibia (left side; outer view) E hind tibia (left side; outer view) F hind basitarsus and second tarsomere (left side; outer view) G claw of hind tarsus (lateral view) H eighth sternite and ovipositor valves (ventral view) I genital fork (ventral view) J, K paraprocts and cerci (right side; J ventral view K lateral view) L spermatheca. Scale bars: 0.1 mm (D-F); 0.05 mm (A); 0.02 mm (B, C, H-L); 0.01 mm (G)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1083.77428.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/636774" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">2A</figureCitation>
|
|
). It is further placed in the
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Simulium chumpornense" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chumpornense">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Simulium chumpornense</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
subgroup by having the pleural membrane bare, and female subcosta lacking hairs ventrally, as defined by
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Takaoka, H" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 42" publicationUrl="https://www.biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.3577.1.1" refId="B15" refString="Takaoka, H, 2012. Morphotaxonomic revision of Simulium (Gomphostilbia) (Diptera: Simuliidae) in the Oriental Region. Zootaxa 3577: 1 - 42, https://www.biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.3577.1.1" title="Morphotaxonomic revision of Simulium (Gomphostilbia) (Diptera: Simuliidae) in the Oriental Region." url="https://www.biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.3577.1.1" volume="3577" year="2012">Takaoka (2012)</bibRefCitation>
|
|
.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
|
The female of this new species is distinguished from those of
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="S. kuvangkadilokae" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kuvangkadilokae">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. kuvangkadilokae</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
and
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="S. piroonae" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="piroonae">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. piroonae</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
of the
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="S. chumpornense" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chumpornense">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. chumpornense</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
subgroup, as noted above. This species is also distinguished from the four other members of the same subgroup:
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="S. chumpornense" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chumpornense">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. chumpornense</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
from Thailand,
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="S. sumbaense" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sumbaense">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. sumbaense</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
Takaoka & Suana from Sumba, Indonesia,
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="S. tomae" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tomae">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. tomae</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
Takaoka from Sulawesi, Indonesia, and
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="S. varicorne" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="varicorne">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. varicorne</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
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|
Edwards from Sumatra and Java, Indonesia, and Peninsular Malaysia, by the hind tibia darkened on the apical half (darkened on the apical one-third in the latter four species) (
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.2149/tmh1973.28.167" author="Kuvangkadilok, C" journalOrPublisher="Japanese Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="167 - 175" refId="B10" refString="Kuvangkadilok, C, Takaoka, H, 2000. Taxonomic notes on Simuliidae (Diptera) from Thailand: Description of a new species and new distributional records of nine known species. Japanese Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 28: 167 - 175, DOI: https://doi.org/10.2149/tmh1973.28.167" title="Taxonomic notes on Simuliidae (Diptera) from Thailand: Description of a new species and new distributional records of nine known species." url="https://doi.org/10.2149/tmh1973.28.167" volume="28" year="2000">Kuvangkadilok and Takaoka 2000</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation author="Takaoka, H" journalOrPublisher="Systematic Biology" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B14" refString="Takaoka, H, 2003. The Black Flies (Diptera: Simuliidae) of Sulawesi, Maluku and Irian Jaya. Kyushu University Press, Fukuoka, [xxii +] 581 pp." title="The Black Flies (Diptera: Simuliidae) of Sulawesi, Maluku and Irian Jaya. Kyushu University Press, Fukuoka, [xxii +] 581 pp." year="2003">Takaoka 2003</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation author="Takaoka, H" journalOrPublisher="Tropical Biomedicine" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="951 - 974" publicationUrl="https://www.msptm.org/files/Vol35No4/951-974-Hiroyuki-Takaoka.pdf" refId="B20" refString="Takaoka, H, Sofian-Azirun, M, Chen, CD, Lau, KW, Halim, MRA, Low, VL, Suana, IW, 2018a. Three new species of black flies (Diptera: Simuliidae) from the Lesser Sunda Archipelago, Indonesia. Tropical Biomedicine 35: 951 - 974, https://www.msptm.org/files/Vol35No4/951-974-Hiroyuki-Takaoka.pdf" title="Three new species of black flies (Diptera: Simuliidae) from the Lesser Sunda Archipelago, Indonesia." url="https://www.msptm.org/files/Vol35No4/951-974-Hiroyuki-Takaoka.pdf" volume="35" year="2018 a">Takaoka et al. 2018a</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4498.1.1" author="Takaoka, H" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 65" refId="B23" refString="Takaoka, H, Ya'cob, Z, Sofian-Azirun, M, 2018b. Classification, annotated list and keys for the black flies (Diptera: Simuliidae) of Peninsular Malaysia. Zootaxa 4498: 1 - 65, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4498.1.1" title="Classification, annotated list and keys for the black flies (Diptera: Simuliidae) of Peninsular Malaysia." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4498.1.1" volume="4498" year="2018 b">b</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |