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<document id="7A53C439EA69107C5888D9A368BE8D0E" ID-CLB-Dataset="29023" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4459.2.3" ID-GBIF-Dataset="d1b4add2-e5bc-4d08-9502-274bab438721" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="1458574" ID-ZooBank="49F5AF2B-E795-404B-A946-2C00DB6011B2" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1539288907869" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Karaman, Ivo M. &amp; Horvatović, Mladen" docDate="2018" docId="40481448675DFF9FFF28FB332455FEA3" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4459.2.3.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4459 (2)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Cyphonethes biseriatus Karaman &amp; Horvatović 2018, comb. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="265" masterDocId="BC716C30675FFF9AFFBFFFB72642FFC6" masterDocTitle="Revision of the genera Cyphonethes Verhoeff, 1926 and Titanethes Schioedte, 1849 (Isopoda: Oniscoidea: Trichoniscidae) with a description of a new genus and three new taxa" masterLastPageNumber="284" masterPageNumber="261" pageNumber="263" updateTime="1698578336577" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods id="1564F44E33AA530513BA1D36E242502A" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:title id="1B32882CDF0202E6A0A6B351F5D5E85C">Revision of the genera Cyphonethes Verhoeff, 1926 and Titanethes Schioedte, 1849 (Isopoda: Oniscoidea: Trichoniscidae) with a description of a new genus and three new taxa</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="825F73AA1EEC59239055A04BAE7D1CF5">Karaman, Ivo M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="CB80A7FD657E45B270E54B7DA1C175AE">Horvatović, Mladen</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="D6FAAAF822EF46C8DFB7FCA0738F0914">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="692F5A760E5E7342EB17A8BD0CA020EF">2018</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="D21E1CE1F98993FE6F018A3B33881045">2018-08-15</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="7D2D82F6A64AEB30E5E2724AC0A2F8CB">4459</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="092E4513E83CE9677FE1AA0993484B3B">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="91FEC18C8064E065E42D393AB177267F" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4459.2.3</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="FFC7830AAC6C69140B407365609B1967" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="40481448675DFF9FFF28FB332455FEA3" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5983522" ID-GBIF-Taxon="148692692" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5983522" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:40481448675DFF9FFF28FB332455FEA3" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/40481448675DFF9FFF28FB332455FEA3" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="265" pageId="2" pageNumber="263">
<subSubSection id="80FBF6D5675DFF98FF28FB3326BAFB79" pageId="2" pageNumber="263" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="C85EA55E675DFF98FF28FB33254FFB58" blockId="2.[151,781,1156,1215]" box="[151,781,1156,1182]" pageId="2" pageNumber="263">
<heading id="93161232675DFF98FF28FB33254FFB58" bold="true" box="[151,781,1156,1182]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="263" reason="1">
<emphasis id="FA95794C675DFF98FF28FB33254FFB58" bold="true" box="[151,781,1156,1182]" pageId="2" pageNumber="263">
<taxonomicName id="0FE1DEDD675DFF98FF28FB3324C2FB58" ID-CoL="33FSL" authority="(Verhoeff, 1900)" authorityName="Karaman &amp; Horvatović" authorityYear="2018" baseAuthorityName="Verhoeff" baseAuthorityYear="1900" box="[151,640,1156,1182]" class="Malacostraca" family="Trichoniscidae" genus="Cyphonethes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isopoda" pageId="2" pageNumber="263" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="biseriatus" status="comb. nov.">
<emphasis id="FA95794C675DFF98FF28FB3327EDFB58" bold="true" box="[151,431,1156,1182]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="263">Cyphonethes biseriatus</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="AC70D8AF675DFF98FE00FB332435FB58" box="[447,631,1156,1182]" pageId="2" pageNumber="263" refId="ref10106" refString="Verhoeff, K. (1900) Uber palaarktische Isopoden (2. Aufsatz). Zoologischer Anzeiger, 23, 117 - 130." type="journal article">Verhoeff, 1900</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="E1A6C437675DFF98FD38FB33254FFB58" box="[647,781,1156,1182]" pageId="2" pageNumber="263">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C85EA55E675DFF98FF28FB1126BAFB79" blockId="2.[151,781,1156,1215]" box="[151,248,1190,1215]" pageId="2" pageNumber="263">
<figureCitation id="50DAB9DB675DFF98FF28FB1126BAFB79" box="[151,248,1190,1215]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–2" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1747,1769]" captionTargetBox="[175,1422,525,1721]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1435,519,1723]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 1–2. Cyphonethes biseriatus, male. 1, pleopod 1. 2, pleopod 2. Scale bar = 0.5 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1458576/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="263">Figs 1–2</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="80FBF6D5675DFF98FF28FB59242EFAB9" pageId="2" pageNumber="263" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="C85EA55E675DFF98FF28FB592450FAC2" blockId="2.[151,673,1262,1407]" box="[151,530,1262,1284]" pageId="2" pageNumber="263">
<taxonomicName id="0FE1DEDD675DFF98FF28FB592450FAC2" ID-CoL="7CDRX" authority=": Tabacaru, 1996" authorityName="Tabacaru" authorityYear="1996" box="[151,530,1262,1284]" class="Malacostraca" family="Trichoniscidae" genus="Titanethes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isopoda" pageId="2" pageNumber="263" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="biseriatus">
<emphasis id="FA95794C675DFF98FF28FB59272BFAC2" box="[151,361,1262,1284]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="263">Titanethes biseriatus</emphasis>
:
<bibRefCitation id="AC70D8AF675DFF98FEC9FB592450FAC2" box="[374,530,1262,1284]" pageId="2" pageNumber="263" refId="ref9965" refString="Tabacaru, I. (1996) Contribution a l'etude du genre Hyloniscus (Crustacea, Isopoda). II. Diagnoses des genres Hyloniscus et Nippononethes nov. gen .. Travaux de l'Institut de Speologie &quot; Emile Racovitza &quot;, 35, 21 - 62." type="journal article">Tabacaru, 1996</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C85EA55E675DFF98FF28FABA2469FAE5" blockId="2.[151,673,1262,1407]" box="[151,555,1293,1315]" pageId="2" pageNumber="263">
<taxonomicName id="0FE1DEDD675DFF98FF28FABA2469FAE5" ID-CoL="7CDRX" authority=": Schmalfuss, 2003" authorityName=": Schmalfuss" authorityYear="2003" box="[151,555,1293,1315]" class="Malacostraca" family="Trichoniscidae" genus="Titanethes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isopoda" pageId="2" pageNumber="263" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="biseriatus">
<emphasis id="FA95794C675DFF98FF28FABA272BFAE5" box="[151,361,1293,1315]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="263">Titanethes biseriatus</emphasis>
:
<bibRefCitation id="AC70D8AF675DFF98FEC9FABA2469FAE5" box="[374,555,1293,1315]" pageId="2" pageNumber="263" refId="ref9728" refString="Schmalfuss, H. (2003) World catalog of terrestrial isopods (Isopoda: Oniscidea). Stuttgarter Beitrage zur Naturkunde, Seria A, 654, 1 - 341." type="journal article">Schmalfuss, 2003</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C85EA55E675DFF98FF28FA9B24E3FA84" blockId="2.[151,673,1262,1407]" box="[151,673,1324,1346]" pageId="2" pageNumber="263">
<taxonomicName id="0FE1DEDD675DFF98FF28FA9B247CFA84" ID-CoL="438SL" authority="Pljakic, 1977" authorityName=": Pljakic" authorityYear="1977" box="[151,574,1324,1346]" class="Malacostraca" family="Trichoniscidae" genus="Microtitanethes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isopoda" pageId="2" pageNumber="263" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="licodrensis">
<emphasis id="FA95794C675DFF98FF28FA9B27E8FA84" box="[151,426,1324,1346]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="263">Microtitanethes licodrensis</emphasis>
:
<bibRefCitation id="AC70D8AF675DFF98FE07FA9B247CFA84" box="[440,574,1324,1346]" pageId="2" pageNumber="263" refId="ref9670" refString="Pljakic, M. (1977) Les relations taxonomiques et biogeographiques des lignees evolutives primitives des oniscoides inferieurs dela Yougoslavie, en particulier, des elements de la faune cavernicole de la Serbie. Monographies, Academie serbe des Sciences et des Arts, Classe des Sciences naturelles et mathematiques, 48, 1 - 184." type="journal article">Pljakić, 1977</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="E1A6C437675DFF98FDFBFA9B24E3FA84" box="[580,673,1324,1346]" pageId="2" pageNumber="263">
<emphasis id="FA95794C675DFF98FDFBFA9B24E3FA84" bold="true" box="[580,673,1324,1346]" pageId="2" pageNumber="263">syn. nov.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C85EA55E675DFF98FF28FAFD2417FAA6" blockId="2.[151,673,1262,1407]" box="[151,597,1354,1376]" pageId="2" pageNumber="263">
<taxonomicName id="0FE1DEDD675DFF98FF28FAFD2417FAA6" ID-CoL="438SL" authority=": Tabacaru, 1996" authorityName="Tabacaru" authorityYear="1996" box="[151,597,1354,1376]" class="Malacostraca" family="Trichoniscidae" genus="Microtitanethes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isopoda" pageId="2" pageNumber="263" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="licodrensis">
<emphasis id="FA95794C675DFF98FF28FAFD27F1FAA6" box="[151,435,1354,1376]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="263">Microtitanethes licodrensis:</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="AC70D8AF675DFF98FE06FAFD2417FAA6" box="[441,597,1354,1376]" pageId="2" pageNumber="263" refId="ref9965" refString="Tabacaru, I. (1996) Contribution a l'etude du genre Hyloniscus (Crustacea, Isopoda). II. Diagnoses des genres Hyloniscus et Nippononethes nov. gen .. Travaux de l'Institut de Speologie &quot; Emile Racovitza &quot;, 35, 21 - 62." type="journal article">Tabacaru, 1996</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C85EA55E675DFF98FF28FADE242EFAB9" blockId="2.[151,673,1262,1407]" box="[151,620,1385,1407]" pageId="2" pageNumber="263">
<taxonomicName id="0FE1DEDD675DFF98FF28FADE242EFAB9" ID-CoL="438SL" authority=": Schmalfuss, 2003" authorityName=": Schmalfuss" authorityYear="2003" box="[151,620,1385,1407]" class="Malacostraca" family="Trichoniscidae" genus="Microtitanethes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isopoda" pageId="2" pageNumber="263" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="licodrensis">
<emphasis id="FA95794C675DFF98FF28FADE27E8FAB9" box="[151,426,1385,1407]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="263">Microtitanethes licodrensis</emphasis>
:
<bibRefCitation id="AC70D8AF675DFF98FE07FADE242EFAB9" box="[440,620,1385,1407]" pageId="2" pageNumber="263" refId="ref9728" refString="Schmalfuss, H. (2003) World catalog of terrestrial isopods (Isopoda: Oniscidea). Stuttgarter Beitrage zur Naturkunde, Seria A, 654, 1 - 341." type="journal article">Schmalfuss, 2003</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
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<paragraph id="C85EA55E675DFF98FF28FA1B25FCF95A" blockId="2.[151,1437,1452,2017]" pageId="2" pageNumber="263">
<materialsCitation id="7889AF03675DFF98FF28FA1B26F9FA2E" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1917355447" collectingDate="2008-04-07" collectorName="Material &amp; Lipenovici &amp; Lukica &amp; I. Karaman &amp; M. Horvatovic" country="Serbia" location="Krupanj" pageId="2" pageNumber="263" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Krupanj">
<emphasis id="FA95794C675DFF98FF28FA1B273AFA03" bold="true" box="[151,376,1452,1477]" pageId="2" pageNumber="263">
<collectorName id="6514C088675DFF98FF28FA1B26BDFA03" box="[151,255,1452,1477]" pageId="2" pageNumber="263">Material</collectorName>
examined
</emphasis>
:
<collectingCountry id="B0F6E5CE675DFF98FE38FA1B2791FA03" box="[391,467,1452,1477]" name="Serbia" pageId="2" pageNumber="263">Serbia</collectingCountry>
:
<collectingRegion id="0A256BBC675DFF98FE63FA1B2479FA03" box="[476,571,1452,1477]" country="Serbia" name="Krupanj" pageId="2" pageNumber="263">Krupanj</collectingRegion>
,
<collectorName id="6514C088675DFF98FDF9FA1B2480FA03" box="[582,706,1452,1477]" pageId="2" pageNumber="263">Lipenovići</collectorName>
,
<collectorName id="6514C088675DFF98FD72FA1B2559FA03" box="[717,795,1452,1477]" pageId="2" pageNumber="263">Lukića</collectorName>
pećina cave,
<collectingDate id="AC1B7A76675DFF98FC0EFA1B2254FA02" box="[945,1046,1452,1476]" pageId="2" pageNumber="263" value="2008-04-07">
<date id="BC5F839E675DFF98FC0EFA1B2254FA02" box="[945,1046,1452,1476]" pageId="2" pageNumber="263" value="2008-04-07">7.4.2008</date>
</collectingDate>
, leg.
<collectorName id="6514C088675DFF98FBEEFA1A228CFA02" box="[1105,1230,1453,1476]" pageId="2" pageNumber="263">I. Karaman</collectorName>
&amp;
<collectorName id="6514C088675DFF98FB4EFA1A23DAFA03" box="[1265,1432,1452,1477]" pageId="2" pageNumber="263">M. Horvatović</collectorName>
,
<specimenCount id="DEE76ED7675DFF98FF28FA6726F9FA2E" box="[151,187,1488,1512]" pageId="2" pageNumber="263" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="7889AF03675DFF98FF72FA782515FA2E" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1917355465" box="[205,855,1487,1512]" collectingDate="2008-05-24" collectorName="I. Karaman &amp; M. Horvatovic" country="Serbia" location="Krupanj" pageId="2" pageNumber="263" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Krupanj">
ibid.
<collectingDate id="AC1B7A76675DFF98FEB3FA78273DFA2E" box="[268,383,1487,1512]" pageId="2" pageNumber="263" value="2008-05-24">
<date id="BC5F839E675DFF98FEB3FA78273DFA2E" box="[268,383,1487,1512]" pageId="2" pageNumber="263" value="2008-05-24">24.5.2008</date>
</collectingDate>
, leg.
<collectorName id="6514C088675DFF98FE7BFA67240AFA21" box="[452,584,1488,1511]" pageId="2" pageNumber="263">I. Karaman</collectorName>
&amp;
<collectorName id="6514C088675DFF98FDCAFA672560FA2E" box="[629,802,1487,1512]" pageId="2" pageNumber="263">M. Horvatović</collectorName>
,
<specimenCount id="DEE76ED7675DFF98FC8DFA672515FA2E" box="[818,855,1488,1512]" pageId="2" pageNumber="263" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="7889AF03675DFF98FCD6FA782372FA21" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1917355477" box="[873,1328,1487,1512]" collectorName="Vranjina" country="Serbia" location="Sjenica" pageId="2" pageNumber="263" specimenCount="11" specimenCount-female="7" specimenCount-male="4" stateProvince="Sjenica">
<collectingRegion id="0A256BBC675DFF98FCD6FA7825FCFA2E" box="[873,958,1487,1512]" country="Serbia" name="Sjenica" pageId="2" pageNumber="263">Sjenica</collectingRegion>
,
<collectorName id="6514C088675DFF98FC71FA78226CFA2E" box="[974,1070,1487,1512]" pageId="2" pageNumber="263">Vranjina</collectorName>
pećina cave,
<specimenCount id="DEE76ED7675DFF98FB69FA6722B9FA2E" box="[1238,1275,1488,1512]" pageId="2" pageNumber="263" type="male">4♂</specimenCount>
,
<specimenCount id="DEE76ED7675DFF98FAB3FA672372FA21" box="[1292,1328,1488,1511]" pageId="2" pageNumber="263" type="female">7♀</specimenCount>
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="7889AF03675DFF98FAFCFA78274BF9CA" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1917355371" collectingDate="1973-04-17" country="Serbia" location="Sjenica" pageId="2" pageNumber="263" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Sjenica">
<collectingRegion id="0A256BBC675DFF98FAFCFA7823DAFA2E" box="[1347,1432,1487,1512]" country="Serbia" name="Sjenica" pageId="2" pageNumber="263">Sjenica</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingDate id="AC1B7A76675DFF98FF28FA43274BF9CA" box="[151,265,1524,1548]" pageId="2" pageNumber="263" value="1973-04-17">
<date id="BC5F839E675DFF98FF28FA43274BF9CA" box="[151,265,1524,1548]" pageId="2" pageNumber="263" value="1973-04-17">17.4.1973</date>
</collectingDate>
</materialsCitation>
,
<materialsCitation id="7889AF03675DFF98FEAAFA4324DAF9CA" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1917355399" box="[277,664,1524,1549]" country="Serbia" location="Rozaje" pageId="2" pageNumber="263" specimenCount="4" specimenCount-female="3" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Bac">
<specimenCount id="DEE76ED7675DFF98FEAAFA43277BF9CA" box="[277,313,1524,1548]" pageId="2" pageNumber="263" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
,
<specimenCount id="DEE76ED7675DFF98FEF9FA432728F9CA" box="[326,362,1524,1548]" pageId="2" pageNumber="263" type="female">3♀</specimenCount>
.
<collectingCountry id="B0F6E5CE675DFF98FEC8FA422446F9CB" box="[375,516,1525,1549]" name="Serbia" pageId="2" pageNumber="263">Montenegro</collectingCountry>
:
<location id="CD3EF385675DFF98FDB0FA432422F9CB" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:40481448675DFF9FFF28FB332455FEA3:CD3EF385675DFF98FDB0FA432422F9CB" box="[527,608,1524,1549]" country="Serbia" name="Rozaje" pageId="2" pageNumber="263" stateProvince="Bac">Rožaje</location>
,
<collectingRegion id="0A256BBC675DFF98FDD5FA4324DAF9CA" box="[618,664,1524,1548]" country="Serbia" name="Bac" pageId="2" pageNumber="263">Bać</collectingRegion>
</materialsCitation>
, vrelo (fountainhead),
<date id="BC5F839E675DFF98FC28FA4325BEF9CA" box="[919,1020,1524,1548]" pageId="2" pageNumber="263" value="1972-08-02">2.8.1972</date>
, leg. M. Pljakić, 2♀;
<materialsCitation id="7889AF03675DFF98FB53FA4323D5F9CA" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1917355381" box="[1260,1431,1524,1549]" collectingDate="1974-02-13" country="Serbia" location="Rozaje" pageId="2" pageNumber="263" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Bac">
ibid.
<collectingDate id="AC1B7A76675DFF98FA9AFA4323D5F9CA" box="[1317,1431,1524,1548]" pageId="2" pageNumber="263" value="1974-02-13">
<date id="BC5F839E675DFF98FA9AFA4323D5F9CA" box="[1317,1431,1524,1548]" pageId="2" pageNumber="263" value="1974-02-13">13.2.1974</date>
</collectingDate>
</materialsCitation>
,
<materialsCitation id="7889AF03675DFF98FF28F9A0270CF993" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1917355432" collectingDate="2003-06-18" collectorName="M. Pljakic" country="Bosnia and Herzegovina" county="Republika Srpska" location="Fatnicko" municipality="East Herzegovina" pageId="2" pageNumber="263" specimenCount="5" specimenCount-female="2" specimenCount-male="3">
leg.
<collectorName id="6514C088675DFF98FF77F9AF2702F9F6" box="[200,320,1559,1584]" pageId="2" pageNumber="263">M. Pljakić</collectorName>
,
<specimenCount id="DEE76ED7675DFF98FEF3F9AF2733F9F6" box="[332,369,1560,1584]" pageId="2" pageNumber="263" type="male">3♂</specimenCount>
,
<specimenCount id="DEE76ED7675DFF98FEC1F9AF27E1F9F6" box="[382,419,1560,1584]" pageId="2" pageNumber="263" type="female">2♀</specimenCount>
.
<collectingCountry id="B0F6E5CE675DFF98FE0FF9A02488F9F6" box="[432,714,1559,1584]" name="Bosnia and Herzegovina" pageId="2" pageNumber="263">Bosnia and Herzegovina</collectingCountry>
:
<collectingCounty id="213FDDD2675DFF98FD6BF9A025DCF9F6" box="[724,926,1559,1584]" pageId="2" pageNumber="263">Republika Srpska</collectingCounty>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="283A3F24675DFF98FC15F9AF2236F9F6" box="[938,1140,1559,1584]" pageId="2" pageNumber="263">East Herzegovina</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location id="CD3EF385675DFF98FB3FF9A022A0F9F6" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:40481448675DFF9FFF28FB332455FEA3:CD3EF385675DFF98FB3FF9A022A0F9F6" box="[1152,1250,1559,1584]" country="Bosnia and Herzegovina" county="Republika Srpska" municipality="East Herzegovina" name="Fatnicko" pageId="2" pageNumber="263">Fatničko</location>
polje,
<location id="CD3EF385675DFF98FA8EF9A023DEF9F6" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:40481448675DFF9FFF28FB332455FEA3:CD3EF385675DFF98FA8EF9A023DEF9F6" box="[1329,1436,1559,1584]" country="Bosnia and Herzegovina" county="Republika Srpska" municipality="East Herzegovina" name="Lepirnica" pageId="2" pageNumber="263">Lepirnica</location>
cave,
<collectingDate id="AC1B7A76675DFF98FF63F98B270CF993" box="[220,334,1596,1621]" pageId="2" pageNumber="263" value="2003-06-18">
<date id="BC5F839E675DFF98FF63F98B270CF993" box="[220,334,1596,1621]" pageId="2" pageNumber="263" value="2003-06-18">18.6.2003</date>
</collectingDate>
</materialsCitation>
,
<materialsCitation id="7889AF03675DFF98FEE2F98B2753F9BE" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1917355421" collectingDate="2000-04-17" collectorName="I. Karaman" country="Macedonia" location="Macedonia" pageId="2" pageNumber="263" specimenCount="5" specimenCount-female="3" specimenCount-male="2">
leg.
<collectorName id="6514C088675DFF98FE2EF98A2457F992" box="[401,533,1597,1620]" pageId="2" pageNumber="263">I. Karaman</collectorName>
,
<specimenCount id="DEE76ED7675DFF98FD9CF98B240BF992" box="[547,585,1596,1620]" pageId="2" pageNumber="263" type="male">2♂</specimenCount>
,
<specimenCount id="DEE76ED7675DFF98FDE7F98B243EF992" box="[600,636,1596,1620]" pageId="2" pageNumber="263" type="female">3♀</specimenCount>
.
<collectingCountry id="B0F6E5CE675DFF98FD33F98B254FF993" box="[652,781,1596,1621]" name="Macedonia" pageId="2" pageNumber="263">Macedonia</collectingCountry>
: Skopska Crna Gora Mt, Banjani, Monastery Sveti Ilija,
<collectingDate id="AC1B7A76675DFF98FF28F9D72753F9BE" box="[151,273,1632,1656]" pageId="2" pageNumber="263" value="2000-04-17">
<date id="BC5F839E675DFF98FF28F9D72753F9BE" box="[151,273,1632,1656]" pageId="2" pageNumber="263" value="2000-04-17">17.4. 2000</date>
</collectingDate>
</materialsCitation>
, leg. I. Karaman, 1♀;
<materialsCitation id="7889AF03675DFF98FDB4F9E82689F95A" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1917355478" collectingDate="2007-02-27" collectorName="Skopska Crna Gora Mt &amp; Fuse &amp; I. Karaman" country="Serbia" location="Blace" pageId="2" pageNumber="263" specimenCount="39" specimenCount-female="28" specimenCount-male="11" stateProvince="Blace">
<collectorName id="6514C088675DFF98FDB4F9E82550F9B1" box="[523,786,1631,1656]" pageId="2" pageNumber="263">
Skopska
<collectingCountry id="B0F6E5CE675DFF98FDCEF9D724A5F9BE" box="[625,743,1632,1656]" name="Serbia" pageId="2" pageNumber="263">Crna Gora</collectingCountry>
Mt
</collectorName>
,
<collectingRegion id="0A256BBC675DFF98FCA2F9E82522F9BE" box="[797,864,1631,1656]" country="Serbia" name="Blace" pageId="2" pageNumber="263">Blace</collectingRegion>
,
<collectorName id="6514C088675DFF98FCD4F9D725E2F9BE" box="[875,928,1632,1656]" pageId="2" pageNumber="263">Fuše</collectorName>
špela cave,
<collectingDate id="AC1B7A76675DFF98FB95F9D722DEF9BE" box="[1066,1180,1632,1656]" pageId="2" pageNumber="263" value="2007-02-27">
<date id="BC5F839E675DFF98FB95F9D722DEF9BE" box="[1066,1180,1632,1656]" pageId="2" pageNumber="263" value="2007-02-27">27.2.2007</date>
</collectingDate>
, leg.
<collectorName id="6514C088675DFF98FB66F9D72318F9B1" box="[1241,1370,1632,1655]" pageId="2" pageNumber="263">I. Karaman</collectorName>
,
<specimenCount id="DEE76ED7675DFF98FADAF9D723D5F9BE" box="[1381,1431,1632,1656]" pageId="2" pageNumber="263" type="male">11♂</specimenCount>
,
<specimenCount id="DEE76ED7675DFF98FF28F9332689F95A" box="[151,203,1668,1692]" pageId="2" pageNumber="263" type="female">28♀</specimenCount>
</materialsCitation>
; Skopje, Rašće, Dona Dupka cave,
<date id="BC5F839E675DFF98FDE5F933248EF95A" box="[602,716,1668,1692]" pageId="2" pageNumber="263" value="2009-07-10">7.10.2009</date>
, leg. I. Karaman, 1♀.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="80FBF6D5675DFF98FF78F9102511F8EA" pageId="2" pageNumber="263" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="C85EA55E675DFF98FF78F9102511F8EA" blockId="2.[151,1437,1452,2017]" pageId="2" pageNumber="263">
<emphasis id="FA95794C675DFF98FF78F9102778F906" bold="true" box="[199,314,1703,1728]" pageId="2" pageNumber="263">Diagnosis</emphasis>
. Medium sized species (up to
<quantity id="0F1908BB675DFF98FD12F91F254AF979" box="[685,776,1704,1728]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.4" pageId="2" pageNumber="263" unit="mm" value="4.4">4.4 mm</quantity>
long) without tegumental sexual gland-piliferous organ. Cephalon with three rows of small and low tubercles; Pereon tergites smooth with two transversal rows of small, low tubercles. Exopodite of pleopod 1 with widely rounded distal margin (
<figureCitation id="50DAB9DB675DFF98FC45F958227CF8CE" box="[1018,1086,1775,1800]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–2" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1747,1769]" captionTargetBox="[175,1422,525,1721]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1435,519,1723]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 1–2. Cyphonethes biseriatus, male. 1, pleopod 1. 2, pleopod 2. Scale bar = 0.5 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1458576/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="263">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
); medial margin of pleopod 2 exopodite with distinct curvature toward its distal end (
<figureCitation id="50DAB9DB675DFF98FCBEF8A32504F8EA" box="[769,838,1812,1837]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–2" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1747,1769]" captionTargetBox="[175,1422,525,1721]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1435,519,1723]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 1–2. Cyphonethes biseriatus, male. 1, pleopod 1. 2, pleopod 2. Scale bar = 0.5 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1458576/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="263">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="80FBF6D5675DFF9FFF78F8802455FEA3" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="266" pageId="2" pageNumber="263" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="C85EA55E675DFF99FF78F88022CEFE16" blockId="2.[151,1437,1452,2017]" lastBlockId="3.[151,1437,151,464]" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="264" pageId="2" pageNumber="263">
<emphasis id="FA95794C675DFF98FF78F8802776F896" bold="true" box="[199,308,1847,1872]" pageId="2" pageNumber="263">Remarks</emphasis>
. The distribution of these species includes an unusually wide area of the central part of the Balkan Peninsula, where it occurs only sporadically (
<figureCitation id="50DAB9DB675DFF98FD2EF8EB2496F8B2" box="[657,724,1884,1909]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1503,1525]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,517,1481]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,517,1481]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. The geographical distribution of the genera: Titanethes, Cyphonethes and Cetinjella n. g. (ITA–Italy; AUS– Austria; SLO–Slovenia; CRO–Croatia; BIH–Bosnia and Herzegovina; HUN–Hungary; ROM–Romania; SRB–Serbia; MNE– Montenegro; ALB–Albania; MK–Macedonia)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1458578/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="263">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
), in isolated and mutually remote karstic regions. The species is described on the basis of a single female specimen from a cave in the vicinity of the town of Trebinje in the eastern part of
<collectingCountry id="B0F6E5CE675DFF98FF4DF81327C7F87B" box="[242,389,1956,1981]" name="Bosnia and Herzegovina" pageId="2" pageNumber="263">Herzegovina</collectingCountry>
.
<bibRefCitation id="AC70D8AF675DFF98FE2AF8132414F87A" box="[405,598,1956,1981]" pageId="2" pageNumber="263" refId="ref9860" refString="Strouhal, H. (1939 c) Titanethes Schiodte (Landasseln aus Balkanhohlen in der Kollektion &quot; Biospeologica balcanica &quot; von Prof. Dr. Absolon. 6. Mitteilung). Studien aus dem Gebieteder allgemeinen Karstforschung, der wissenschaftlichen Hohlenkunde, der Eiszeitforschung und den Nachbargebietzen, Biologische Serie, 5, 1 - 34." type="journal article">Strouhal (1939c)</bibRefCitation>
mentioned two additional cave localities in the wider surroundings of Trebinje from which three female specimens of this species were collected. According to the position of the localities and listed fauna of the remaining cave isopods, we believe that these findings are reliable and that certainly relate to this species. In any case the species is recognizable in the local fauna of cave isopods by two transversal rows of tubercles on pereon tergites and by its body dimensions. Over our long term biospeleological investigations on terrestrial isopods on the terrain of
<collectingRegion id="0A256BBC675CFF99FD4FFEB22506FEDA" box="[752,836,261,284]" country="American Samoa" name="Eastern" pageId="3" pageNumber="264">Eastern</collectingRegion>
<collectingCountry id="B0F6E5CE675CFF99FCF3FEB32599FEDB" box="[844,987,260,285]" name="Bosnia and Herzegovina" pageId="3" pageNumber="264">Herzegovina</collectingCountry>
(including Trebinje vicinity and a cave that could be the Vučja pećina cave—locus typicus of
<taxonomicName id="0FE1DEDD675CFF99FD49FE9F25C6FE86" authorityName=": Schmalfuss" authorityYear="2003" box="[758,900,295,320]" class="Malacostraca" family="Trichoniscidae" genus="Titanethes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isopoda" pageId="3" pageNumber="264" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="biseriatus">
<emphasis id="FA95794C675CFF99FD49FE9F25C6FE86" box="[758,900,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="264">C. biseriatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) we found this species only on one occasion, in a cave located about
<quantity id="0F1908BB675CFF99FE3CFEFB2788FEA3" box="[387,458,332,357]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" pageId="3" pageNumber="264" unit="km" value="35.0">35 km</quantity>
north of Trebinje. This best illustrates the fact that
<taxonomicName id="0FE1DEDD675CFF99FBB3FEFA22D9FEA3" authorityName=": Schmalfuss" authorityYear="2003" box="[1036,1179,332,357]" class="Malacostraca" family="Trichoniscidae" genus="Titanethes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isopoda" pageId="3" pageNumber="264" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="biseriatus">
<emphasis id="FA95794C675CFF99FBB3FEFA22D9FEA3" box="[1036,1179,332,357]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="264">C. biseriatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is very rare. However, the fact that adults of
<taxonomicName id="0FE1DEDD675CFF99FE34FEC72458FE4E" authorityName=": Schmalfuss" authorityYear="2003" box="[395,538,367,392]" class="Malacostraca" family="Trichoniscidae" genus="Titanethes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isopoda" pageId="3" pageNumber="264" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="biseriatus">
<emphasis id="FA95794C675CFF99FE34FEC72458FE4E" box="[395,538,367,392]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="264">C. biseriatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by size resemble juvenile specimens of the genus
<taxonomicName id="0FE1DEDD675CFF99FBEDFED82297FE4E" authorityName="Racovitza" authorityYear="1908" box="[1106,1237,367,392]" class="Malacostraca" family="Trichoniscidae" genus="Alpioniscus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isopoda" pageId="3" pageNumber="264" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="FA95794C675CFF99FBEDFED82297FE4E" box="[1106,1237,367,392]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="264">Alpioniscus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="0FE1DEDD675CFF99FAB4FED82712FE6B" baseAuthorityName="Verhoeff" baseAuthorityYear="1900" class="Malacostraca" family="Trichoniscidae" genus="Cyphonethes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isopoda" pageId="3" pageNumber="264" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="herzegowinensis">
<emphasis id="FA95794C675CFF99FAB4FED82712FE6B" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="264">Cyphonethes herzegowinensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(that are otherwise frequent and numerous in the caves of this area) should not be neglected. Therefore, during the selective collection of cave isopods they could easily be overlooked.
</paragraph>
<caption id="9C9EF5D6675CFF99FF28F964221BF92F" box="[151,1113,1747,1769]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1458576/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="264" startId="3.[151,264,1747,1769]" targetBox="[175,1422,525,1721]" targetPageId="3">
<paragraph id="C85EA55E675CFF99FF28F964221BF92F" blockId="3.[151,1113,1747,1769]" box="[151,1113,1747,1769]" pageId="3" pageNumber="264">
<emphasis id="FA95794C675CFF99FF28F9642778F92F" bold="true" box="[151,314,1747,1769]" pageId="3" pageNumber="264">FIGURES 1–2.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="0FE1DEDD675CFF99FEFFF964246FF92F" authorityName="Karaman &amp; Horvatović" authorityYear="2018" baseAuthorityName="Verhoeff" baseAuthorityYear="1900" box="[320,557,1747,1769]" class="Malacostraca" family="Trichoniscidae" genus="Cyphonethes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isopoda" pageId="3" pageNumber="264" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="biseriatus">
<emphasis id="FA95794C675CFF99FEFFF964246FF92F" box="[320,557,1747,1769]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="264">Cyphonethes biseriatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, male. 1, pleopod 1. 2, pleopod 2. Scale bar = 0.5 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="C85EA55E675CFF9EFF78F8A12342FE09" blockId="3.[151,1436,1814,2019]" lastBlockId="4.[151,1436,151,464]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="265" pageId="3" pageNumber="264">
Distribution of
<taxonomicName id="0FE1DEDD675CFF99FE38F8A0245DF8E9" authorityName="Karaman &amp; Horvatović" authorityYear="2018" baseAuthorityName="Verhoeff" baseAuthorityYear="1900" box="[391,543,1814,1839]" class="Malacostraca" family="Trichoniscidae" genus="Cyphonethes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isopoda" pageId="3" pageNumber="264" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="biseriatus">
<emphasis id="FA95794C675CFF99FE38F8A0245DF8E9" box="[391,543,1814,1839]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="264">C. biseriatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
covers territories that do not share congruent fauna, particularly where cryptobionts are concerned. This can be explained only by its possible dispersion during the Pleistocene, when there had to be adequate corridors of substrate saturated with moisture which provided for the expansion of this species, especially to the east. We found specimens of
<taxonomicName id="0FE1DEDD675CFF99FCA9F83425E1F85D" authorityName="Karaman &amp; Horvatović" authorityYear="2018" baseAuthorityName="Verhoeff" baseAuthorityYear="1900" box="[790,931,1922,1947]" class="Malacostraca" family="Trichoniscidae" genus="Cyphonethes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isopoda" pageId="3" pageNumber="264" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="biseriatus">
<emphasis id="FA95794C675CFF99FCA9F83425E1F85D" box="[790,931,1922,1947]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="264">T. biseriatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, in a small and relatively dry cave in West
<collectingCountry id="B0F6E5CE675CFF99FF28F811269DF879" box="[151,223,1958,1983]" name="Serbia" pageId="3" pageNumber="264">Serbia</collectingCountry>
(the northernmost point of the species known areal—loc.typ of
<emphasis id="FA95794C675CFF99FC18F81122A4F879" box="[935,1254,1958,1983]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="264">
Microtithanethes
<taxonomicName id="0FE1DEDD675CFF99FBD3F81122A4F879" authorityName=": Schmalfuss" authorityYear="2003" box="[1132,1254,1958,1983]" class="Malacostraca" family="Trichoniscidae" genus="Microtitanethes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isopoda" pageId="3" pageNumber="264" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="licodrensis">licodrensis</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="E1A6C437675CFF99FB53F8102316F879" box="[1260,1364,1959,1983]" pageId="3" pageNumber="264">syn. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
), deep in the crevices of cracked clay in a very humid part of the cave. However, the appearance of this species of real troglobite—without pigment and with reduced eyes, its unusual distribution and finding outside caves from the localities of
<collectingRegion id="0A256BBC675BFF9EFE9EFF0B270FFF12" box="[289,333,188,212]" country="Serbia" name="Bac" pageId="4" pageNumber="265">Bać</collectingRegion>
(
<bibRefCitation id="AC70D8AF675BFF9EFEE4FF0B27A8FF12" box="[347,490,188,213]" pageId="4" pageNumber="265" refId="ref9670" refString="Pljakic, M. (1977) Les relations taxonomiques et biogeographiques des lignees evolutives primitives des oniscoides inferieurs dela Yougoslavie, en particulier, des elements de la faune cavernicole de la Serbie. Monographies, Academie serbe des Sciences et des Arts, Classe des Sciences naturelles et mathematiques, 48, 1 - 184." type="journal article">Pljakić 1977</bibRefCitation>
) and our finding of a specimen on Skopska
<collectingCountry id="B0F6E5CE675BFF9EFC68FF0B220FFF12" box="[983,1101,188,212]" name="Serbia" pageId="4" pageNumber="265">Crna Gora</collectingCountry>
Mt (
<collectingCountry id="B0F6E5CE675BFF9EFB3CFF0B2344FF13" box="[1155,1286,188,213]" name="Macedonia" pageId="4" pageNumber="265">Macedonia</collectingCountry>
), suggest it is more likely to be an element of MSS (Mesovoid Shallow Substratum) fauna with specific requirements for high humidity. Such conditions in the past could have provided littoral along river and stream flows of primarily karstic terrains that most likely allowed wide dispersion of this species (then as epigean), as is the case with the Carpatho- Balkan isopod species
<taxonomicName id="0FE1DEDD675BFF9EFE2AFEFA251AFEA3" authority="(Frivaldsky, 1865)" authorityName="Frivaldsky" authorityYear="1865" baseAuthorityName="Frivaldsky" baseAuthorityYear="1865" box="[405,856,332,357]" class="Malacostraca" family="Mesoniscidae" genus="Mesoniscus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isopoda" pageId="4" pageNumber="265" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="graniger">
<emphasis id="FA95794C675BFF9EFE2AFEFA24C2FEA2" box="[405,640,333,356]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="265">Mesoniscus graniger</emphasis>
(Frivaldsky, 1865)
</taxonomicName>
. These findings of specimens of this species outside a cave, in an ambient that is more suitable for organisms inhabiting MSS, speaks about the true nature of this species,
<emphasis id="FA95794C675BFF9EFF45FE222757FE6A" box="[250,277,405,428]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="265">i.e</emphasis>
. it is a species that has relatively recently settled underworld. We mainly found specimens of this species in small numbers and always in the deeper parts of caves where real troglobionts are present.
</paragraph>
<caption id="9C9EF5D6675BFF9EFF28FA682430F9F4" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1458578/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="265" startId="4.[151,250,1503,1525]" targetBox="[151,1436,517,1481]" targetPageId="4">
<paragraph id="C85EA55E675BFF9EFF28FA682430F9F4" blockId="4.[151,1436,1503,1586]" pageId="4" pageNumber="265">
<emphasis id="FA95794C675BFF9EFF28FA682755FA33" bold="true" box="[151,279,1503,1525]" pageId="4" pageNumber="265">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
The geographical distribution of the genera:
<taxonomicName id="0FE1DEDD675BFF9EFD40FA682525FA33" authorityName="Schioedte" authorityYear="1849" box="[767,871,1503,1525]" class="Malacostraca" family="Trichoniscidae" genus="Titanethes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isopoda" pageId="4" pageNumber="265" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="FA95794C675BFF9EFD40FA682525FA33" box="[767,871,1503,1525]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="265">Titanethes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="0FE1DEDD675BFF9EFCC7FA6825B9FA33" authorityName=": Schmalfuss" authorityYear="2003" box="[888,1019,1503,1525]" class="Malacostraca" family="Trichoniscidae" genus="Cyphonethes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isopoda" pageId="4" pageNumber="265" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="FA95794C675BFF9EFCC7FA6825B9FA33" box="[888,1019,1503,1525]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="265">Cyphonethes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="0FE1DEDD675BFF9EFB8AFA6822DBFA33" authorityName="Karaman &amp; Horvatović" authorityYear="2018" box="[1077,1177,1503,1525]" class="Malacostraca" family="Trichoniscidae" genus="Cetinjella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isopoda" pageId="4" pageNumber="265" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="FA95794C675BFF9EFB8AFA6822DBFA33" box="[1077,1177,1503,1525]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="265">Cetinjella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
n. g. (ITA–Italy; AUS– Austria; SLO–Slovenia; CRO–Croatia; BIH–Bosnia and Herzegovina; HUN–Hungary; ROM–Romania; SRB–Serbia; MNE– Montenegro; ALB–Albania; MK–Macedonia).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="C85EA55E675BFF9EFF78F9D725A0F87D" blockId="4.[151,1437,1631,2016]" pageId="4" pageNumber="265">
It is worth noting that in a cave (Kovačevića pećina cave) near the cave with
<taxonomicName id="0FE1DEDD675BFF9EFBE9F9D722AAF9BE" authorityName="Karaman &amp; Horvatović" authorityYear="2018" baseAuthorityName="Verhoeff" baseAuthorityYear="1900" box="[1110,1256,1631,1656]" class="Malacostraca" family="Trichoniscidae" genus="Cyphonethes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isopoda" pageId="4" pageNumber="265" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="biseriatus">
<emphasis id="FA95794C675BFF9EFBE9F9D722AAF9BE" box="[1110,1256,1631,1656]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="265">C. biseriatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in West
<collectingCountry id="B0F6E5CE675BFF9EFAEAF9E823DEF9BE" box="[1365,1436,1631,1656]" name="Serbia" pageId="4" pageNumber="265">Serbia</collectingCountry>
(Lukića pećina cave), two interesting troglobite/troglophile species were found (
<bibRefCitation id="AC70D8AF675BFF9EFBE7F9342323F95D" box="[1112,1377,1667,1692]" pageId="4" pageNumber="265" refId="ref9612" refString="Klickovic, M., Pavicevic, D., Nesic, D., Mijatovic, M., Ognjenovic, S. &amp; Grubac, B. (2007) Kovacevica Cave - conservation and revision. Nature Conservation, Belgrade, 57 / 1 - 2, 89 - 102. [in Serbian]" type="journal article">
Kličković
<emphasis id="FA95794C675BFF9EFB69F9332357F95A" box="[1238,1301,1667,1692]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="265">et al.</emphasis>
2007
</bibRefCitation>
): the pselaphid species
<taxonomicName id="0FE1DEDD675BFF9EFED5F91F2540F906" authority="(Karaman, 1954)" authorityName="Karaman" authorityYear="1954" baseAuthorityName="Karaman" baseAuthorityYear="1954" box="[362,770,1703,1728]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Bryaxis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="265" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="blacensis">
<emphasis id="FA95794C675BFF9EFED5F91F2470F906" box="[362,562,1703,1728]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="265">Bryaxis blacensis</emphasis>
(Karaman, 1954)
</taxonomicName>
and the julid diplopod species
<taxonomicName id="0FE1DEDD675BFF9EFBC6F910276BF922" authority="(L. Koch, 1867)" authorityName="L. Koch" authorityYear="1867" baseAuthorityName="L. Koch" baseAuthorityYear="1867" class="Diplopoda" family="Schizopetalidae" genus="Apfelbeckia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Callipodida" pageId="4" pageNumber="265" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="insculpta">
<emphasis id="FA95794C675BFF9EFBC6F910232DF906" box="[1145,1391,1703,1728]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="265">Apfelbeckia insculpta</emphasis>
(L. Koch, 1867)
</taxonomicName>
.
<taxonomicName id="0FE1DEDD675BFF9EFE88F97B27BCF922" baseAuthorityName="Karaman" baseAuthorityYear="1954" box="[311,510,1739,1764]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Bryaxis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="265" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="blacensis">
<emphasis id="FA95794C675BFF9EFE88F97B27BCF922" box="[311,510,1739,1764]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="265">Bryaxis blacensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was described from a cave near
<collectingRegion id="0A256BBC675BFF9EFC3DF97C2580F922" box="[898,962,1739,1764]" country="Serbia" name="Blace" pageId="4" pageNumber="265">Blace</collectingRegion>
at Skopska
<collectingCountry id="B0F6E5CE675BFF9EFBECF97C2289F925" box="[1107,1227,1739,1763]" name="Serbia" pageId="4" pageNumber="265">Crna Gora</collectingCountry>
Mt in
<collectingCountry id="B0F6E5CE675BFF9EFA9FF97C23DFF922" box="[1312,1437,1739,1764]" name="Macedonia" pageId="4" pageNumber="265">Macedonia</collectingCountry>
(close to the cave where we found
<taxonomicName id="0FE1DEDD675BFF9EFD94F94724F9F8CE" authorityName="Karaman &amp; Horvatović" authorityYear="2018" baseAuthorityName="Verhoeff" baseAuthorityYear="1900" box="[555,699,1775,1800]" class="Malacostraca" family="Trichoniscidae" genus="Cyphonethes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isopoda" pageId="4" pageNumber="265" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="biseriatus">
<emphasis id="FA95794C675BFF9EFD94F94724F9F8CE" box="[555,699,1775,1800]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="265">C. biseriatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). The two listed caves, far from each other, are the only known findings of this species up till now. The julid diplopod
<taxonomicName id="0FE1DEDD675BFF9EFCB0F8A325D5F8EA" baseAuthorityName="L. Koch" baseAuthorityYear="1867" box="[783,919,1811,1836]" class="Diplopoda" family="Schizopetalidae" genus="Apfelbeckia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Callipodida" pageId="4" pageNumber="265" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="insculpta">
<emphasis id="FA95794C675BFF9EFCB0F8A325D5F8EA" box="[783,919,1811,1836]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="265">A. insculpta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is often a characteristic troglophile for south diniaric caves where
<taxonomicName id="0FE1DEDD675BFF9EFE33F88F245FF896" authorityName="Karaman &amp; Horvatović" authorityYear="2018" baseAuthorityName="Verhoeff" baseAuthorityYear="1900" box="[396,541,1847,1872]" class="Malacostraca" family="Trichoniscidae" genus="Cyphonethes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isopoda" pageId="4" pageNumber="265" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="biseriatus">
<emphasis id="FA95794C675BFF9EFE33F88F245FF896" box="[396,541,1847,1872]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="265">C. biseriatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is also present. This finding is the most remote finding of this species to the north; the same holds true for
<taxonomicName id="0FE1DEDD675BFF9EFE4CF8EB24C1F8B2" authorityName="Karaman &amp; Horvatović" authorityYear="2018" baseAuthorityName="Verhoeff" baseAuthorityYear="1900" box="[499,643,1883,1908]" class="Malacostraca" family="Trichoniscidae" genus="Cyphonethes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isopoda" pageId="4" pageNumber="265" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="biseriatus">
<emphasis id="FA95794C675BFF9EFE4CF8EB24C1F8B2" box="[499,643,1883,1908]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="265">C. biseriatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Thus, the mentioned species are connecting distant and faunistically remarkably different regions, as a testimony to past invasions of some faunal elements in certain areas, but also as an expression of the zoogeographical closeness of these regions in the past.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C85EA55E675BFF9FFF78F87F2455FEA3" blockId="4.[151,1437,1631,2016]" lastBlockId="5.[151,1436,151,357]" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="266" pageId="4" pageNumber="265">
In most cases we found
<taxonomicName id="0FE1DEDD675BFF9EFE68F87F2424F826" authorityName="Karaman &amp; Horvatović" authorityYear="2018" baseAuthorityName="Verhoeff" baseAuthorityYear="1900" box="[471,614,1991,2016]" class="Malacostraca" family="Trichoniscidae" genus="Cyphonethes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isopoda" pageId="4" pageNumber="265" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="biseriatus">
<emphasis id="FA95794C675BFF9EFE68F87F2424F826" box="[471,614,1991,2016]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="265">C. biseriatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sympatrically with other cave isopod species. On the southern part of its distribution (east
<collectingCountry id="B0F6E5CE675AFF9FFEE1FF2027ADFF76" box="[350,495,151,176]" name="Bosnia and Herzegovina" pageId="5" pageNumber="266">Herzegovina</collectingCountry>
) it appears together with
<taxonomicName id="0FE1DEDD675AFF9FFCACFF202227FF76" baseAuthorityName="Verhoeff" baseAuthorityYear="1900" box="[787,1125,151,176]" class="Malacostraca" family="Trichoniscidae" genus="Cyphonethes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isopoda" pageId="5" pageNumber="266" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="herzegowinensis">
<emphasis id="FA95794C675AFF9FFCACFF202227FF76" box="[787,1125,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="266">Cyphonethes herzegowinensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and some species from the genus
<taxonomicName id="0FE1DEDD675AFF9FFF60FF0B2720FF13" authorityName="Racovitza" authorityYear="1908" box="[223,354,188,213]" class="Malacostraca" family="Trichoniscidae" genus="Alpioniscus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isopoda" pageId="5" pageNumber="266" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="FA95794C675AFF9FFF60FF0B2720FF13" box="[223,354,188,213]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="266">Alpioniscus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="0FE1DEDD675AFF9FFECDFF0B2569FF12" authority="Verhoeff, 1931" authorityName="Verhoeff" authorityYear="1931" box="[370,811,188,213]" class="Malacostraca" family="Trichoniscidae" genus="Alpioniscus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isopoda" pageId="5" pageNumber="266" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="heroldii" subGenus="I.">
<emphasis id="FA95794C675AFF9FFECDFF0B27B7FF13" box="[370,501,188,213]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="266">Alpioniscus</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="FA95794C675AFF9FFDBAFF0A2454FF12" box="[517,534,189,212]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="266">I.</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="FA95794C675AFF9FFD9AFF0B243FFF13" box="[549,637,188,213]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="266">heroldii</emphasis>
Verhoeff, 1931
</taxonomicName>
or
<taxonomicName id="0FE1DEDD675AFF9FFCEFFF0B2347FF12" authority="Verhoeff, 1931" authorityName="Verhoeff" authorityYear="1931" box="[848,1285,188,213]" class="Malacostraca" family="Trichoniscidae" genus="Cyphonethes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isopoda" pageId="5" pageNumber="266" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="herzegowinensis" subGenus="I.">
<emphasis id="FA95794C675AFF9FFCEFFF0B252BFF15" box="[848,873,188,211]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="266">A.</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="FA95794C675AFF9FFCC6FF0A25CBFF12" box="[889,905,189,212]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="266">I.</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="FA95794C675AFF9FFC26FF0B2210FF13" box="[921,1106,188,213]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="266">herzegowinensis</emphasis>
Verhoeff, 1931
</taxonomicName>
). In the Dona Dupka cave (Rašće,
<collectingCountry id="B0F6E5CE675AFF9FFE3FFF6827BCFF3E" box="[384,510,223,248]" name="Macedonia" pageId="5" pageNumber="266">Macedonia</collectingCountry>
) it appears together with
<taxonomicName id="0FE1DEDD675AFF9FFCA0FF682699FEDB" authority="(Buturovic, 1955)" authorityName="Buturovic" authorityYear="1955" baseAuthorityName="Buturovic" baseAuthorityYear="1955" class="Malacostraca" family="Trichoniscidae" genus="Cyphoniscellus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isopoda" pageId="5" pageNumber="266" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tetraceratus" subGenus="Vardaroniscus">
<emphasis id="FA95794C675AFF9FFCA0FF682588FF3E" box="[799,970,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="266">Cyphoniscellus</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="FA95794C675AFF9FFC63FF68223EFF3E" box="[988,1148,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="266">Vardaroniscus</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="FA95794C675AFF9FFB33FF562351FF3E" box="[1164,1299,225,248]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="266">tetraceratus</emphasis>
(Buturović, 1955)
</taxonomicName>
. At localities in
<collectingCountry id="B0F6E5CE675AFF9FFE1EFEB327ABFEDB" box="[417,489,260,285]" name="Serbia" pageId="5" pageNumber="266">Serbia</collectingCountry>
we found them together with the species
<taxonomicName id="0FE1DEDD675AFF9FFC66FEB2228BFEDA" baseAuthorityName="Frivaldsky" baseAuthorityYear="1865" box="[985,1225,261,284]" class="Malacostraca" family="Mesoniscidae" genus="Mesoniscus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isopoda" pageId="5" pageNumber="266" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="graniger">
<emphasis id="FA95794C675AFF9FFC66FEB2228BFEDA" box="[985,1225,261,284]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="266">Mesoniscus graniger</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(which was more numerous), that by size and body shape does not differ, so it is possible to overlook the presence of this species when found in mixed populations.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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