569 lines
70 KiB
XML
569 lines
70 KiB
XML
<document id="61715539BEE97D2643F13CCD1DF72616" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.177415" ID-GBIF-Dataset="1407b573-76bc-4071-b12d-eb974eadfa2b" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="177415" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1459860034900" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Loiselle, Paul V. & Rodriguez, Damaris" docDate="2007" docId="2F6C5E66FF9BCC1770E1F9753139FEB5" docLanguage="en" docName="zt01520p018.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 1520" docStyle="DocumentStyle:6581673A57F01A3145754A1E615EDFF0.4:Zootaxa.2007-2008.journal_article" docStyleId="6581673A57F01A3145754A1E615EDFF0" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2007-2008.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Bedotia madagascariensis Regan 1903" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="7" masterDocId="D355261EFF9ACC107076FFB83037FFE7" masterDocTitle="A new species of Bedotia (Teleostei: Atherinomorpha: Bedotiidae) from the Rianila drainage of Eastern Madagascar, with redescriptions of Bedotia madagascariensis and Bedotia geayi" masterLastPageNumber="18" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="2" updateTime="1698225974792" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="3F74E27FF79C8F10023A9CE05D4E9ACA">A new species of Bedotia (Teleostei: Atherinomorpha: Bedotiidae) from the Rianila drainage of Eastern Madagascar, with redescriptions of Bedotia madagascariensis and Bedotia geayi</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="F6CA8807FCD5A9BFAE4EE3FDFA79A96D">Loiselle, Paul V.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="BC08C333B5AA4C1210816F1226CA508A">Rodriguez, Damaris</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="8CFDE814528D743CFB6BBA86C87D0735">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="C04647326582CB247C4A35456E129B29">
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<mods:date id="0E0DB7FE61F6CA9576616D50716455E1">2007</mods:date>
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<mods:identifier id="67A0A52566212096449904F28ED56285" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.177415</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="67A385F8B7497E295873B89A82536ADC" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="2F6C5E66FF9BCC1770E1F9753139FEB5" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6241661" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119368058" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6241661" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:2F6C5E66FF9BCC1770E1F9753139FEB5" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/2F6C5E66FF9BCC1770E1F9753139FEB5" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="7" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
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<subSubSection id="EFDFBCFBFF9BCC1170E1F975325CF900" box="[151,619,1741,1767]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="A77AEF70FF9BCC1170E1F975325CF900" blockId="1.[151,619,1741,1767]" box="[151,619,1741,1767]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
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<heading id="FC32581CFF9BCC1170E1F975325CF900" bold="true" box="[151,619,1741,1767]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="60C594F3FF9BCC1170E1F975325CF900" ID-CoL="5WG22" authority="Regan 1903" authorityName="Regan" authorityYear="1903" box="[151,619,1741,1767]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Bedotiidae" genus="Bedotia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Atheriniformes" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="madagascariensis">
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<emphasis id="95B13362FF9BCC1170E1F975325CF900" bold="true" box="[151,619,1741,1767]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
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<emphasis id="95B13362FF9BCC1170E1F97531E5F900" bold="true" box="[151,466,1741,1767]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Bedotia madagascariensis</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="C3549281FF9BCC1171AFF975325CF900" author="Regan" box="[473,619,1741,1767]" pageId="1" pageNumber="18" refString="Regan, C. T. (1903) Descriptions de poissons nouveaux faisant partie de la collection du Musee d'Histoire naturelle de Geneve. Revue Suisse de Zoologie, 11, 413 - 418." type="journal article" year="1903">Regan 1903</bibRefCitation>
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="EFDFBCFBFF9BCC1170E1F8A031BDF8A8" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="A77AEF70FF9BCC1170E1F8A031BDF8A8" blockId="1.[151,1437,1816,1871]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="87D5C85EFF9BCC1170E1F8A031BDF8A8" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
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<taxonomicName id="60C594F3FF9BCC1170E1F8A03247F8C8" ID-CoL="5WG22" authority="Regan 1903: 416" authorityName="Regan" authorityPageNumber="416" authorityYear="1903" box="[151,624,1816,1839]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Bedotiidae" genus="Bedotia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Atheriniformes" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="madagascariensis">
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<emphasis id="95B13362FF9BCC1170E1F8A03187F8C8" box="[151,432,1816,1839]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Bedotia madagascariensis</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="2664C961FF9BCC1171C1F8A03247F8C8" author="Regan" box="[439,624,1816,1839]" page="416" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" year="1903">
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<bibRefCitation id="C3549281FF9BCC1171C1F8A0320CF8C8" author="Regan" box="[439,571,1816,1839]" pageId="1" pageNumber="18" refString="Regan, C. T. (1903) Descriptions de poissons nouveaux faisant partie de la collection du Musee d'Histoire naturelle de Geneve. Revue Suisse de Zoologie, 11, 413 - 418." type="journal article" year="1903">Regan 1903</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 416
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
, pl. 14, fig. 2.
|
||
<collectingCountry id="DFD2AFE0FF9BCC11737FF8A033BBF8C8" box="[777,908,1816,1839]" name="Madagascar" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
|
||
, eau douce. (
|
||
<collectingCountry id="DFD2AFE0FF9BCC117463F8A034AEF8C8" box="[1045,1177,1816,1839]" name="Madagascar" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
|
||
, fresh water).
|
||
<typeStatus id="787E51D2FF9BCC117547F8A035AEF8C8" box="[1329,1433,1816,1839]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
: MHNG 0 665.007.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="EFDFBCFBFF9BCC1770E1F8383139FEB5" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="8" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="A77AEF70FF9BCC1170E1F838313BF87D" blockId="1.[151,1436,1920,2026]" box="[151,268,1920,1946]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Diagnosis</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="A77AEF70FF9BCC1270B0F81031BCFE9D" blockId="1.[151,1436,1920,2026]" lastBlockId="2.[151,1436,152,378]" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="3" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
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||
<taxonomicName id="60C594F3FF9BCC1170B0F81031C9F826" box="[198,510,1960,1985]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Bedotiidae" genus="Bedotia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Atheriniformes" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="madagascariensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="95B13362FF9BCC1170B0F81031C9F826" box="[198,510,1960,1985]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Bedotia madagascariensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
belongs to the group of species whose color pattern in life is based upon two dark lateral stripes clearly expressed in both sexes. This feature unambiguously distinguishes it from congeners in which the lateral stripes are either replaced by a pattern of dark spots or are altogether lacking in one or both sexes. It is readily distinguished from its laterally stripped congeners by its caudal fin coloration, which consist of an extensive hyaline to iridescent yellow-white basal zone, a crescent-shaped black median band and broad red or white tips. Low second dorsal [10–12 (mode: 11)] and anal [14–17 (mode: 16)] fin ray counts are diagnostic for preserved specimens. Morphometric features that distinguish this species from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="60C594F3FF98CC127566FE803547FEB6" box="[1296,1392,312,337]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Bedotiidae" genus="Bedotia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Atheriniformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="geayi">
|
||
<emphasis id="95B13362FF98CC127566FE803547FEB6" box="[1296,1392,312,337]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">B. geayi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are presented in
|
||
<tableCitation id="EA47DACBFF98CC12715AFED831B2FE9D" box="[300,389,352,378]" captionStart="TABLE 3" captionStartId="10.[151,239,431,455]" captionTargetBox="[167,1331,541,991]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="TABLE 3. Summary of Distinguishing Characters for Bedotia madagascariensis and B. geayi." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/F3BABFF8FF90CC1A70E1FE173452FE20" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" tableUuid="F3BABFF8FF90CC1A70E1FE173452FE20">Table 3</tableCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="A77AEF70FF98CC1270E1FE083117FE2D" blockId="2.[151,1437,432,1098]" box="[151,288,432,458]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Description</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="A77AEF70FF98CC1270B0FE603527FD5D" blockId="2.[151,1437,432,1098]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
|
||
Morphological measurements and meristic counts are given in
|
||
<tableCitation id="EA47DACBFF98CC1273D4FE6033CDFE15" box="[930,1018,472,498]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,239,1155,1179]" captionTargetBox="[156,1385,1219,2007]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="TABLE 1. Morphometric data for Bedotia madagascariensis as % SL." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/F3BABFF8FF98CC1270E1FB3B33A5FB7D" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" tableUuid="F3BABFF8FF98CC1270E1FB3B33A5FB7D">Table 1</tableCitation>
|
||
. Although
|
||
<taxonomicName id="60C594F3FF98CC12740DFE603081FDFE" class="Actinopterygii" family="Bedotiidae" genus="Bedotia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Atheriniformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="madagascariensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="95B13362FF98CC12740DFE603081FDFE" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Bedotia madagascariensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
can grow to
|
||
<quantity id="603D4295FF98CC127139FDB83186FDFD" box="[335,433,512,538]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" unit="mm" value="100.0">100 mm</quantity>
|
||
SL in captivity, largest specimen examined in this study is a
|
||
<quantity id="603D4295FF98CC1274F0FDB834D8FDFD" box="[1158,1263,512,538]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.59" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" unit="mm" value="85.9">85.9 mm</quantity>
|
||
SL male. This is a robust, relatively long-bodied species somewhat deeper-bodied anteriorly and showing a moderately curved ventral outline. Dorsal outline of head and nape moderately curved to first dorsal fin. Head length divisible 3.1-4.4 times in the standard length. First dorsal origin is posterior to the vertical through the pelvic fin insertion, while that of the second dorsal is posterior to the vertical through the anal fin origin.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="A77AEF70FF98CC1270B0FD703253FC65" blockId="2.[151,1437,432,1098]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
|
||
Snout is slightly indented behind the premaxillary pedicels. Snout length divisible 2.9–3.4 times in the head length. Lower jaw is moderately prognathous and angled at about 35°–40° to horizontal when mouth is closed. Premaxilla and maxilla reach the anterior margin of the orbit. Premaxilla with the distinct lateral "
|
||
<taxonomicName id="60C594F3FF98CC1270D5FCF830C9FCBE" box="[163,254,832,857]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Bedotiidae" genus="Bedotia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Atheriniformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="95B13362FF98CC1270D5FCF830C9FCBE" box="[163,254,832,857]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Bedotia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
notch" characteristic of the genus (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C3549281FF98CC1272DCFCF8336CFCBD" author="Stiassny" box="[682,859,832,858]" pageId="2" pageNumber="18" refString="Stiassny, M. L. J. (1990) Notes on the anatomy and relationships of the bedotiid fishes of Madagascar, with a taxonomic revision of the genus Rheocles (Atherinomorpha: Bedotiidae). American Museum Novitas, (2979), 1 - 33." type="journal article" year="1990">Stiassny, 1990</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Orbital diameter divisible 2.9–3.8 times in the head, 1.0–1.1 times in the snout length.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="A77AEF70FF98CC1270B0FC283440FBAD" blockId="2.[151,1437,432,1098]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
|
||
Teeth. Anteriorly both upper and lower jaws bear 4 to 6 rows of numerous small, strongly recurved unicuspid teeth. The outermost row of teeth is poorly differentiated from those of the inner band. The lower jaw and the premaxilla posterior to the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="60C594F3FF98CC127237FC5832ABFC1E" box="[577,668,992,1017]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Bedotiidae" genus="Bedotia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Atheriniformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="95B13362FF98CC127237FC5832ABFC1E" box="[577,668,992,1017]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Bedotia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
notch each have a single row of teeth. A single row of teeth is present along the anteroventral face of the vomer. Small patches of teeth are present on the endopterygoid. No ectopterygoid teeth present, at least in individuals of sizes available for examination.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="F3BABFF8FF98CC1270E1FB3B33A5FB7D" ID-Table-UUID="F3BABFF8FF98CC1270E1FB3B33A5FB7D" box="[151,914,1155,1179]" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/F3BABFF8FF98CC1270E1FB3B33A5FB7D" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" targetBox="[156,1385,1219,2007]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="2">
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<paragraph id="A77AEF70FF98CC1270E1FB3B33A5FB7D" blockId="2.[151,914,1155,1179]" box="[151,914,1155,1179]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
|
||
<emphasis id="95B13362FF98CC1270E1FB3B313FFB7C" bold="true" box="[151,264,1155,1179]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">TABLE 1.</emphasis>
|
||
Morphometric data for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="60C594F3FF98CC127267FB3B331DFB7D" box="[529,810,1155,1178]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Bedotiidae" genus="Bedotia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Atheriniformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="madagascariensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="95B13362FF98CC127267FB3B331DFB7D" box="[529,810,1155,1178]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Bedotia madagascariensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as % SL.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="A77AEF70FF98CC127118FB7B355FF830" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
|
||
<table id="D5C51DD0FF9833EF70EAFB7B355EF830" box="[156,1385,1219,2007]" gridcols="5" gridrows="17" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
|
||
<tr id="19F5ED32FF9833EF70EAFB7B355EFB3C" box="[156,1385,1219,1243]" gridrow="0" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
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||
<th id="5A24844EFF9833EF70EAFB7B31D4FB3C" box="[156,483,1219,1243]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
|
||
<emphasis id="95B13362FF98CC127118FB7B31D4FB3C" bold="true" box="[366,483,1219,1243]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Character</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="5A24844EFF9833EF729FFB7B3334FB3C" box="[745,771,1219,1243]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
|
||
<emphasis id="95B13362FF98CC12729BFB7B3336FB3C" bold="true" box="[749,769,1219,1243]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">N</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="5A24844EFF9833EF73FBFB7B33CFFB3C" box="[909,1016,1219,1243]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
|
||
<emphasis id="95B13362FF98CC1273E8FB7B33D0FB3C" bold="true" box="[926,999,1219,1243]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Range</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="5A24844EFF9833EF74E1FB7B34EFFB3C" box="[1175,1240,1219,1243]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
|
||
<emphasis id="95B13362FF98CC1274E1FB7B34EFFB3C" bold="true" box="[1175,1240,1219,1243]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Mean</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="5A24844EFF9833EF7530FB7B355EFB3C" box="[1350,1385,1219,1243]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
|
||
<emphasis id="95B13362FF98CC127530FB7B355EFB3C" bold="true" box="[1350,1385,1219,1243]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">SD</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
</tr>
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||
<tr id="19F5ED32FF9833EF70EAFB48355EFAE0" box="[156,1385,1264,1287]" gridrow="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1">
|
||
<th id="5A24844EFF9833EF70EAFB4831D4FAE0" box="[156,483,1264,1287]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Standard length [mm]</th>
|
||
<td id="5A24844EFF9833EF729FFB483334FAE0" box="[745,771,1264,1287]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">16</td>
|
||
<td id="5A24844EFF9833EF73FBFB4833CFFAE0" box="[909,1016,1264,1287]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">39.4–73.6</td>
|
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</tr>
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<tr id="19F5ED32FF9833EF70EAFA98355EFAD0" box="[156,1385,1312,1335]" gridrow="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
|
||
<th id="5A24844EFF9833EF70EAFA9831D4FAD0" box="[156,483,1312,1335]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Head length</th>
|
||
<td id="5A24844EFF9833EF729FFA983334FAD0" box="[745,771,1312,1335]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">16</td>
|
||
<td id="5A24844EFF9833EF73FBFA9833CFFAD0" box="[909,1016,1312,1335]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">27.2–31.8</td>
|
||
<td id="5A24844EFF9833EF74E1FA9834EFFAD0" box="[1175,1240,1312,1335]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">30.0</td>
|
||
<td id="5A24844EFF9833EF7530FA98355EFAD0" box="[1350,1385,1312,1335]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">1.1</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="19F5ED32FF9833EF70EAFAF6355EFA82" box="[156,1385,1358,1381]" gridrow="3" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
|
||
<th id="5A24844EFF9833EF70EAFAF631D4FA82" box="[156,483,1358,1381]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Snout length</th>
|
||
<td id="5A24844EFF9833EF729FFAF63334FA82" box="[745,771,1358,1381]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">16</td>
|
||
<td id="5A24844EFF9833EF73FBFAF633CFFA82" box="[909,1016,1358,1381]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">8.0–10.2</td>
|
||
<td id="5A24844EFF9833EF74E1FAF634EFFA82" box="[1175,1240,1358,1381]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">9.4</td>
|
||
<td id="5A24844EFF9833EF7530FAF6355EFA82" box="[1350,1385,1358,1381]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">0.5</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="19F5ED32FF9833EF70EAFAC4355EFA74" box="[156,1385,1404,1427]" gridrow="4" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
|
||
<th id="5A24844EFF9833EF70EAFAC431D4FA74" box="[156,483,1404,1427]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Lower jaw length</th>
|
||
<td id="5A24844EFF9833EF729FFAC43334FA74" box="[745,771,1404,1427]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">16</td>
|
||
<td id="5A24844EFF9833EF73FBFAC433CFFA74" box="[909,1016,1404,1427]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">13.3–17.2</td>
|
||
<td id="5A24844EFF9833EF74E1FAC434EFFA74" box="[1175,1240,1404,1427]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">15.9</td>
|
||
<td id="5A24844EFF9833EF7530FAC4355EFA74" box="[1350,1385,1404,1427]" gridcol="4" gridrow="4" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">0.9</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="19F5ED32FF9833EF70EAFA11355EFA27" box="[156,1385,1449,1472]" gridrow="5" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
|
||
<th id="5A24844EFF9833EF70EAFA1131D4FA27" box="[156,483,1449,1472]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Orbital diameter</th>
|
||
<td id="5A24844EFF9833EF729FFA113334FA27" box="[745,771,1449,1472]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">16</td>
|
||
<td id="5A24844EFF9833EF73FBFA1133CFFA27" box="[909,1016,1449,1472]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">8.2–10.1</td>
|
||
<td id="5A24844EFF9833EF74E1FA1134EFFA27" box="[1175,1240,1449,1472]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">8.9</td>
|
||
<td id="5A24844EFF9833EF7530FA11355EFA27" box="[1350,1385,1449,1472]" gridcol="4" gridrow="5" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">0.6</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="19F5ED32FF9833EF70EAFA6E355EFA0A" box="[156,1385,1494,1517]" gridrow="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
|
||
<th id="5A24844EFF9833EF70EAFA6E31D4FA0A" box="[156,483,1494,1517]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Interorbital distance</th>
|
||
<td id="5A24844EFF9833EF729FFA6E3334FA0A" box="[745,771,1494,1517]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">16</td>
|
||
<td id="5A24844EFF9833EF73FBFA6E33CFFA0A" box="[909,1016,1494,1517]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">10.9–12.4</td>
|
||
<td id="5A24844EFF9833EF74E1FA6E34EFFA0A" box="[1175,1240,1494,1517]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">11.3</td>
|
||
<td id="5A24844EFF9833EF7530FA6E355EFA0A" box="[1350,1385,1494,1517]" gridcol="4" gridrow="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">0.4</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="19F5ED32FF9833EF70EAF9BC355EF9FC" box="[156,1385,1540,1563]" gridrow="7" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
|
||
<th id="5A24844EFF9833EF70EAF9BC31D4F9FC" box="[156,483,1540,1563]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Pectoral fin length</th>
|
||
<td id="5A24844EFF9833EF729FF9BC3334F9FC" box="[745,771,1540,1563]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">16</td>
|
||
<td id="5A24844EFF9833EF73FBF9BC33CFF9FC" box="[909,1016,1540,1563]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">15.6–21.6</td>
|
||
<td id="5A24844EFF9833EF74E1F9BC34EFF9FC" box="[1175,1240,1540,1563]" gridcol="3" gridrow="7" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">18.3</td>
|
||
<td id="5A24844EFF9833EF7530F9BC355EF9FC" box="[1350,1385,1540,1563]" gridcol="4" gridrow="7" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">1.5</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="19F5ED32FF9833EF70EAF989355EF9A9" box="[156,1385,1585,1614]" gridrow="8" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
|
||
<th id="5A24844EFF9833EF70EAF98931D4F9A9" box="[156,483,1585,1614]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
|
||
Dorsal1
|
||
<emphasis id="95B13362FF98CC127085F9893137F9AE" bold="true" box="[243,256,1585,1609]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">–</emphasis>
|
||
anal fin depth
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="5A24844EFF9833EF729FF9893334F9A9" box="[745,771,1585,1614]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">15</td>
|
||
<td id="5A24844EFF9833EF73FBF98933CFF9A9" box="[909,1016,1585,1614]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">21.2–25.0</td>
|
||
<td id="5A24844EFF9833EF74E1F98934EFF9A9" box="[1175,1240,1585,1614]" gridcol="3" gridrow="8" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">23.2</td>
|
||
<td id="5A24844EFF9833EF7530F989355EF9A9" box="[1350,1385,1585,1614]" gridcol="4" gridrow="8" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">1.3</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="19F5ED32FF9833EF70EAF9DC355EF965" box="[156,1385,1636,1666]" gridrow="9" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
|
||
<th id="5A24844EFF9833EF70EAF9DC31D4F965" box="[156,483,1636,1666]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
|
||
Dorsal2
|
||
<emphasis id="95B13362FF98CC127085F9DC3137F99B" bold="true" box="[243,256,1636,1660]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">–</emphasis>
|
||
anal fin depth
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="5A24844EFF9833EF729FF9DC3334F965" box="[745,771,1636,1666]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">15</td>
|
||
<td id="5A24844EFF9833EF73FBF9DC33CFF965" box="[909,1016,1636,1666]" gridcol="2" gridrow="9" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">20.7–25.5</td>
|
||
<td id="5A24844EFF9833EF74E1F9DC34EFF965" box="[1175,1240,1636,1666]" gridcol="3" gridrow="9" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">23.2</td>
|
||
<td id="5A24844EFF9833EF7530F9DC355EF965" box="[1350,1385,1636,1666]" gridcol="4" gridrow="9" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">1.5</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="19F5ED32FF9833EF70EAF920355EF952" box="[156,1385,1688,1717]" gridrow="10" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
|
||
<th id="5A24844EFF9833EF70EAF92031D4F952" box="[156,483,1688,1717]" gridcol="0" gridrow="10" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Pre-dorsal1 distance</th>
|
||
<td id="5A24844EFF9833EF729FF9203334F952" box="[745,771,1688,1717]" gridcol="1" gridrow="10" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">16</td>
|
||
<td id="5A24844EFF9833EF73FBF92033CFF952" box="[909,1016,1688,1717]" gridcol="2" gridrow="10" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">53.4–56.0</td>
|
||
<td id="5A24844EFF9833EF74E1F92034EFF952" box="[1175,1240,1688,1717]" gridcol="3" gridrow="10" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">54.7</td>
|
||
<td id="5A24844EFF9833EF7530F920355EF952" box="[1350,1385,1688,1717]" gridcol="4" gridrow="10" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">0.7</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="19F5ED32FF9833EF70EAF974355EF909" box="[156,1385,1740,1774]" gridrow="11" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
|
||
<th id="5A24844EFF9833EF70EAF97431D4F909" box="[156,483,1740,1774]" gridcol="0" gridrow="11" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Pre-dorsal2 distance</th>
|
||
<td id="5A24844EFF9833EF729FF9743334F909" box="[745,771,1740,1774]" gridcol="1" gridrow="11" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">16</td>
|
||
<td id="5A24844EFF9833EF73FBF97433CFF909" box="[909,1016,1740,1774]" gridcol="2" gridrow="11" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">65.0–69.2</td>
|
||
<td id="5A24844EFF9833EF74E1F97434EFF909" box="[1175,1240,1740,1774]" gridcol="3" gridrow="11" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">67.0</td>
|
||
<td id="5A24844EFF9833EF7530F974355EF909" box="[1350,1385,1740,1774]" gridcol="4" gridrow="11" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">1.1</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="19F5ED32FF9833EF70EAF8BC355EF8FC" box="[156,1385,1796,1819]" gridrow="12" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
|
||
<th id="5A24844EFF9833EF70EAF8BC31D4F8FC" box="[156,483,1796,1819]" gridcol="0" gridrow="12" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Pre-pelvic distance</th>
|
||
<td id="5A24844EFF9833EF729FF8BC3334F8FC" box="[745,771,1796,1819]" gridcol="1" gridrow="12" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">16</td>
|
||
<td id="5A24844EFF9833EF73FBF8BC33CFF8FC" box="[909,1016,1796,1819]" gridcol="2" gridrow="12" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">41.2–45.6</td>
|
||
<td id="5A24844EFF9833EF74E1F8BC34EFF8FC" box="[1175,1240,1796,1819]" gridcol="3" gridrow="12" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">44.2</td>
|
||
<td id="5A24844EFF9833EF7530F8BC355EF8FC" box="[1350,1385,1796,1819]" gridcol="4" gridrow="12" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">1.1</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="19F5ED32FF9833EF70EAF88A355EF8A8" box="[156,1385,1842,1871]" gridrow="13" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
|
||
<th id="5A24844EFF9833EF70EAF88A31D4F8A8" box="[156,483,1842,1871]" gridcol="0" gridrow="13" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Base dorsal2</th>
|
||
<td id="5A24844EFF9833EF729FF88A3334F8A8" box="[745,771,1842,1871]" gridcol="1" gridrow="13" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">16</td>
|
||
<td id="5A24844EFF9833EF73FBF88A33CFF8A8" box="[909,1016,1842,1871]" gridcol="2" gridrow="13" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">15.9–18.7</td>
|
||
<td id="5A24844EFF9833EF74E1F88A34EFF8A8" box="[1175,1240,1842,1871]" gridcol="3" gridrow="13" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">17.6</td>
|
||
<td id="5A24844EFF9833EF7530F88A355EF8A8" box="[1350,1385,1842,1871]" gridcol="4" gridrow="13" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">0.9</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="19F5ED32FF9833EF70EAF8DD355EF89B" box="[156,1385,1893,1916]" gridrow="14" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
|
||
<th id="5A24844EFF9833EF70EAF8DD31D4F89B" box="[156,483,1893,1916]" gridcol="0" gridrow="14" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Base anal</th>
|
||
<td id="5A24844EFF9833EF729FF8DD3334F89B" box="[745,771,1893,1916]" gridcol="1" gridrow="14" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">16</td>
|
||
<td id="5A24844EFF9833EF73FBF8DD33CFF89B" box="[909,1016,1893,1916]" gridcol="2" gridrow="14" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">22.3–27.2</td>
|
||
<td id="5A24844EFF9833EF74E1F8DD34EFF89B" box="[1175,1240,1893,1916]" gridcol="3" gridrow="14" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">24.7</td>
|
||
<td id="5A24844EFF9833EF7530F8DD355EF89B" box="[1350,1385,1893,1916]" gridcol="4" gridrow="14" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">1.4</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="19F5ED32FF9833EF70EAF82B355EF84D" box="[156,1385,1939,1962]" gridrow="15" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
|
||
<th id="5A24844EFF9833EF70EAF82B31D4F84D" box="[156,483,1939,1962]" gridcol="0" gridrow="15" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Length caudal peduncle</th>
|
||
<td id="5A24844EFF9833EF729FF82B3334F84D" box="[745,771,1939,1962]" gridcol="1" gridrow="15" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">16</td>
|
||
<td id="5A24844EFF9833EF73FBF82B33CFF84D" box="[909,1016,1939,1962]" gridcol="2" gridrow="15" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">16.1–20.4</td>
|
||
<td id="5A24844EFF9833EF74E1F82B34EFF84D" box="[1175,1240,1939,1962]" gridcol="3" gridrow="15" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">17.4</td>
|
||
<td id="5A24844EFF9833EF7530F82B355EF84D" box="[1350,1385,1939,1962]" gridcol="4" gridrow="15" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">1.1</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="19F5ED32FF9833EF70EAF878355EF830" box="[156,1385,1984,2007]" gridrow="16" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
|
||
<th id="5A24844EFF9833EF70EAF87831D4F830" box="[156,483,1984,2007]" gridcol="0" gridrow="16" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Depth caudal peduncle</th>
|
||
<td id="5A24844EFF9833EF729FF8783334F830" box="[745,771,1984,2007]" gridcol="1" gridrow="16" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">16</td>
|
||
<td id="5A24844EFF9833EF73FBF87833CFF830" box="[909,1016,1984,2007]" gridcol="2" gridrow="16" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">9.2–10.5</td>
|
||
<td id="5A24844EFF9833EF74E1F87834EFF830" box="[1175,1240,1984,2007]" gridcol="3" gridrow="16" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">10.0</td>
|
||
<td id="5A24844EFF9833EF7530F878355EF830" box="[1350,1385,1984,2007]" gridcol="4" gridrow="16" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">0.4</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="A77AEF70FF99CC1370B0FF2034F5FF3D" blockId="3.[151,1436,152,818]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Gill rakers. Two or three stout hypobranchial rakers and 9-13 (mode: 10) elongate ceratobranchial rakers are present on the lower limb of the first branchial arch. All rakers are strongly denticulate.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="A77AEF70FF99CC1370B0FF5032D4FE2D" blockId="3.[151,1436,152,818]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Scales. Body is fully covered with large, regularly imbricate, cycloid scales. Predorsal scales along the dorsal midline 15–16 (mode: 15). Scales along the midlateral axis from just behind the operculum, above the pectoral fin, to the end of the hypural plate: 33–35 (mode: 34). Scales in transverse series between the origins of the anal and the second dorsal fins (including a very small scale adjacent to each fin) 9–10 (mode: 9). Scales separating the first and second dorsal fins: 3–4. Circumpeduncular scales: 12. Dorsal, anal, and caudal scale sheaths and axillary pelvic scales are absent.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="A77AEF70FF99CC1370B0FE603486FD8D" blockId="3.[151,1436,152,818]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Fins. First dorsal fin with 4–5 (mode: 4) weak spines. Second dorsal fin rays: 10-12 (mode: 11), the first 4 or 5 unbranched. Anal fin rays: 14–17 (mode: 16), usually the first 3 or 4 unbranched. Pectoral fins short, high-set with 12 rays, the longest barely reaching the vertical from the pelvic fin insertion. Pelvic fins with one weak spine and five strongly bifurcate, branched rays. Caudal fin weakly emarginate.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="A77AEF70FF99CC1370B0FDC0348AFD5D" blockId="3.[151,1436,152,818]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Vertebrae. Total vertebral count taken from radiographs: 34–36 (mode: 35) and terminal, hypural-bearing half centrum. Precaudal vertebrae: 17–19 (mode: 19). Caudal vertebrae: 16-18 (mode: 16).</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="A77AEF70FF99CC1370B0FD7034A5FCD5" blockId="3.[151,1436,152,818]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Viscera and Diet. Gut extremely short, intestinal length only about one-third body length. Examination of feces produced by newly caught specimens within two to four hours of capture revealed the remains of terrestrial insects, suggesting that this species exploits primarily allochthonous food sources.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="A77AEF70FF99CC1370E1FCE53122FC90" blockId="3.[151,1437,861,1367]" box="[151,277,861,887]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Coloration</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="A77AEF70FF99CC1370BCFC3D336DFAB0" blockId="3.[151,1437,861,1367]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
Living specimens:
|
||
<figureCitation id="3FFEF3F5FF99CC1371D9FC3D3223FC78" box="[431,532,901,927]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,255,2008,2032]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,1410,1997]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,1407,1999]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Young pair of the aquarium strain of Bedotia madagascariensis, male top right. Not preserved." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/177416/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Figure 1</figureCitation>
|
||
depicts a young pair of captive-bred
|
||
<taxonomicName id="60C594F3FF99CC1373ABFC3D34E3FC79" box="[989,1236,901,926]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Bedotiidae" genus="Bedotia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Atheriniformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="madagascariensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="95B13362FF99CC1373ABFC3D34E3FC79" box="[989,1236,901,926]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">B. madagascariensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
descended from founders collected at Ambila-Lemaitso. The sexually dimorphic color pattern of the fins is clearly evident. All populations studied to date are characterized by male polymorphism with regard to the coloration of the unpaired fins. Their usual coloration is based upon discrete zones of red, yellow and black. First dorsal fin and ventral fins dusky distally, hyaline to metallic golden yellow basally. Second dorsal is metallic golden yellow basally, with a dark red margin and broad black submarginal band. Anal fin similarly colored, but a metallic golden yellow zone is sandwiched between a narrow black basal and a broader black submarginal band. The extension of the black midlateral band at the caudal base surrounded by an iridescent silvery white to metallic golden yellow halo, bordered in turn by a broad sooty black crescent-shaped band. Upper and lower distal caudal margins either dark red or iridescent white. However, the vertical fins of some males are uniformly red and black, or the yellow coloration is replaced by iridescent white. Within a given population, the representation of each color morph can vary from one year to the next.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="F3BABFF8FF99CC1370E1F8603524F808" box="[151,1299,2008,2032]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/177416/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" targetBox="[151,1435,1410,1997]" targetPageId="3">
|
||
<paragraph id="A77AEF70FF99CC1370E1F8603524F808" blockId="3.[151,1299,2008,2032]" box="[151,1299,2008,2032]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
<emphasis id="95B13362FF99CC1370E1F860312EF817" bold="true" box="[151,281,2008,2032]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">FIGURE 1.</emphasis>
|
||
Young pair of the aquarium strain of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="60C594F3FF99CC1372DDF86133F3F817" box="[683,964,2009,2032]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Bedotiidae" genus="Bedotia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Atheriniformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="madagascariensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="95B13362FF99CC1372DDF86133F3F817" box="[683,964,2009,2032]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Bedotia madagascariensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, male top right. Not preserved.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="A77AEF70FF9ECC1470B0FF203561FEB5" blockId="4.[151,1437,152,818]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">In females, first dorsal fin dusky distally, clear yellow basally. Second dorsal whitish yellow basally, with an iridescent white margin and broad black submarginal band. Anal fin is similarly colored, but the lighter zone is sandwiched between narrow black basal and submarginal bands. The extension of the black midlateral band at the base of the caudal surrounded by a hyaline halo, bordered in turn by a broad sooty black crescentshaped band. The upper and lower distal margins of the caudal clear yellow shading to iridescent white.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="A77AEF70FF9ECC1470B0FED835B8FE9D" blockId="4.[151,1437,152,818]" box="[198,1423,352,378]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">The pectorals of males are hyaline with a dark spot on their distal tip, those of females uniformly hyaline.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="A77AEF70FF9ECC1470BEFE303254FCD5" blockId="4.[151,1437,152,818]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
Preserved specimens: The
|
||
<typeStatus id="787E51D2FF9ECC14727FFE303247FE45" box="[521,624,392,418]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="60C594F3FF9ECC1472EAFE3033A4FE46" box="[668,915,392,417]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Bedotiidae" genus="Bedotia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Atheriniformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="madagascariensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="95B13362FF9ECC1472EAFE3033A4FE46" box="[668,915,392,417]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">B. madagascariensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
retains little of the species-typical melanophore pattern (
|
||
<figureCitation id="3FFEF3F5FF9ECC147133FE083198FE2D" box="[325,431,432,458]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,255,1317,1341]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,877,1289]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,877,1290]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Bedotia madagascariensis, holotype, MHNG 0 665.007." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/177417/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Figure 2</figureCitation>
|
||
.). Dorsum warm brown shading to pale beige on the flanks and white on the venter. Top of the head warm brown, shading to beige on the cheeks and operculum. A narrow dark stripe extends from the tip of the snout to the angle of the operculum. Here it becomes a midlateral stripe two scale rows deep that extends from the margin of the operculum to the caudal peduncle and is a more diffuse form, extends onto the caudal fin for about half its length. The midlateral stripe is sometimes interrupted along its posterior third. The lower dark lateral stripe is usually evident only in recently preserved material. In males, first dorsal and ventrals are uniform clear grey, second dorsal and anal clear grey basally, hyaline distally, with narrow black basal stripes and variably expressed black submarginal stripes. In females, dorsal and anal fins uniformly hyaline. Caudal hyaline in both sexes, marked with a black crescent-shaped marking medially that is narrower and less intense in females.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="F3BABFF8FF9ECC1470E1FA9D3342FADB" box="[151,885,1317,1341]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/177417/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" targetBox="[151,1435,877,1289]" targetPageId="4">
|
||
<paragraph id="A77AEF70FF9ECC1470E1FA9D3342FADB" blockId="4.[151,885,1317,1341]" box="[151,885,1317,1341]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<emphasis id="95B13362FF9ECC1470E1FA9D312EFADA" bold="true" box="[151,281,1317,1341]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="60C594F3FF9ECC147156FA9D320DFADB" box="[288,570,1317,1340]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Bedotiidae" genus="Bedotia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Atheriniformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="madagascariensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="95B13362FF9ECC147156FA9D320DFADB" box="[288,570,1317,1340]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Bedotia madagascariensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, holotype, MHNG 0 665.007.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="A77AEF70FF9ECC1470E1FAC830D5FA6D" blockId="4.[151,1437,1392,2018]" box="[151,226,1392,1418]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Range</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="A77AEF70FF9ECC1470B0FA20336CF875" blockId="4.[151,1437,1392,2018]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
The
|
||
<typeStatus id="787E51D2FF9ECC14708DFA203119FA55" box="[251,302,1432,1458]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">type</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="60C594F3FF9ECC147123FA20327DFA56" box="[341,586,1432,1457]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Bedotiidae" genus="Bedotia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Atheriniformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="madagascariensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="95B13362FF9ECC147123FA20327DFA56" box="[341,586,1432,1457]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">B. madagascariensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, a single specimen 90.0 mm TL, was donated to the Museum of Natural History in Geneva by a
|
||
<collectingCountry id="DFD2AFE0FF9ECC1471D9FA7831C3FA3D" box="[431,500,1472,1498]" name="Switzerland" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Swiss</collectingCountry>
|
||
visitor to
|
||
<collectingCountry id="DFD2AFE0FF9ECC14721DFA7832CCFA3D" box="[619,763,1472,1498]" name="Madagascar" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
|
||
. In the original description (Regan, 1907), the
|
||
<typeStatus id="787E51D2FF9ECC147569FA783566FA3D" box="[1311,1361,1472,1498]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality of this species is given only as "
|
||
<collectingCountry id="DFD2AFE0FF9ECC147259FA5032F3F9E5" box="[559,708,1512,1538]" name="Madagascar" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
|
||
; eau douce.". In a subsequent paper,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C3549281FF9ECC147407FA503527F9E5" author="Regan" box="[1137,1296,1512,1538]" pageId="4" pageNumber="18" refString="Regan, C. T. (1920) Freshwater fishes from Madagascar. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, (9) 5, 419 - 424." type="journal article" year="1920">Regan (1920)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
identified a series of specimens from Lac Rasoabe, next to the last lake of the series extending southward from Toamasina (Tamatave) to Andovoranto, at the mouth of the Rianila River, as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="60C594F3FF9ECC1473D1F98034ABF9B6" box="[935,1180,1592,1617]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Bedotiidae" genus="Bedotia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Atheriniformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="madagascariensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="95B13362FF9ECC1473D1F98034ABF9B6" box="[935,1180,1592,1617]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">B. madagascariensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Prior to the completion of the railroad connecting Toamasina to Antananarivo, the initial stage of this journey entailed travelling by boat for several days along the Lakendrano Mpangalana (Pangalanes Canal) from Toamasina to the town of Andovoranto, thence up the Iaroka River to the head of navigation at Maromby. Such an itinerary would have afforded ample opportunity to secure specimens by either capture or purchase, for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="60C594F3FF9ECC1474E8F96034CEF916" box="[1182,1273,1752,1777]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Bedotiidae" genus="Bedotia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Atheriniformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="95B13362FF9ECC1474E8F96034CEF916" box="[1182,1273,1752,1777]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Bedotia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
remain abundant in this region of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="DFD2AFE0FF9ECC1471E8F8B8321BF8FD" box="[414,556,1792,1818]" name="Madagascar" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
|
||
and are still marketed for human consumption.
|
||
<collectingCountry id="DFD2AFE0FF9ECC147415F8B834B3F8FD" box="[1123,1156,1792,1818]" name="American Samoa" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">As</collectingCountry>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="60C594F3FF9ECC1474FAF8B835B7F8FE" box="[1164,1408,1792,1817]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Bedotiidae" genus="Bedotia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Atheriniformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="madagascariensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="95B13362FF9ECC1474FAF8B835B7F8FE" box="[1164,1408,1792,1817]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">B. madagascariensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is replaced by the very differently colored
|
||
<taxonomicName id="60C594F3FF9ECC1472F5F8903343F8A6" box="[643,884,1832,1857]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Bedotiidae" genus="Bedotia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Atheriniformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="leucopteron" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="95B13362FF9ECC1472F5F8903343F8A6" box="[643,884,1832,1857]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Bedotia leucopteron</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="8E828E19FF9ECC147308F89033EBF8A5" box="[894,988,1832,1858]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
in the middle reaches of the Iaroka- Rianila drainage, the
|
||
<typeStatus id="787E51D2FF9ECC1471E2F8E831F0F88D" box="[404,455,1872,1898]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">type</typeStatus>
|
||
material of this species could only have come from one of the many small streams flowing into this interconnected series of large coastal lakes.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="A77AEF70FF9ECC1570B0F8183121FECD" blockId="4.[151,1437,1392,2018]" lastBlockId="5.[151,1437,152,538]" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
The present range of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="60C594F3FF9ECC1471B9F81832F0F85E" box="[463,711,1952,1977]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Bedotiidae" genus="Bedotia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Atheriniformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="madagascariensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="95B13362FF9ECC1471B9F81832F0F85E" box="[463,711,1952,1977]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">B. madagascariensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
extends from the lower reaches of the Ivoloina River, the effective northern terminus of the Lakendrano Mpangalana, at least as far south as Manambolo Creek, which drains into the Lakendrano Mpangalana
|
||
<quantity id="603D4295FF9FCC157209FF2032FCFF55" box="[639,715,152,178]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" unit="km" value="10.0">10 km</quantity>
|
||
south of the town of Vatomandry (Figure 3.). South of this point and in the middle and upper reaches of the Ivoloina River,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="60C594F3FF9FCC1573DEFF7834A8FF3E" box="[936,1183,192,217]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Bedotiidae" genus="Bedotia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Atheriniformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="madagascariensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="95B13362FF9FCC1573DEFF7834A8FF3E" box="[936,1183,192,217]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">B. madagascariensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is replaced by undescribed congeners. In the rivers to the north of the Ivoloina River, it is replaced by
|
||
<taxonomicName id="60C594F3FF9FCC15741EFF503125FECD" authority="Pellegrin, 1914" authorityName="Pellegrin" authorityYear="1914" class="Actinopterygii" family="Bedotiidae" genus="Bedotia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Atheriniformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="longianalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="95B13362FF9FCC15741EFF503567FEE6" box="[1128,1360,232,257]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Bedotia longianalis</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C3549281FF9FCC157521FF503125FECD" author="Pellegrin" pageId="5" pageNumber="18" refString="Pellegrin, J. (1914) Sur une Atherinide nouveau de Madagascar appartenant au genre Bedotia. Bulletin de la Societe Zoologique de France, 39, 178 - 180." type="journal article" year="1914">Pellegrin, 1914</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="A77AEF70FF9FCC1570B0FE80312AFDFD" blockId="5.[151,1437,152,538]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
In the 1950's, this species was translocated to marshes near the village of Mahitsy, just outside of Antananarivo in the upper reaches of the westward-draining Betsiboka River (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C3549281FF9FCC15743DFED834DBFE9D" author="Kiener" box="[1099,1260,352,378]" pageId="5" pageNumber="18" refString="Kiener, A. (1963) Poissons, peche et pisciculture a Madagascar. Publcation du Centre Technique Forestier Tropical (24), 1 - 244." type="journal article" year="1963">Kiener, 1963</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The exercise was successful and the translocated fish bred freely. The recent capture of juvenile
|
||
<taxonomicName id="60C594F3FF9FCC157429FE303563FE46" box="[1119,1364,392,417]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Bedotiidae" genus="Bedotia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Atheriniformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="madagascariensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="95B13362FF9FCC157429FE303563FE46" box="[1119,1364,392,417]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">B. madagascariensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the rapids of the Ikopa River near the village of Antanimbary and of adult fish in Lanefitra Creek at Ankadibe Village, several hundred kilometers to the west, suggests that this species is now widely established in the Betsiboka basin.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="A77AEF70FF9FCC1570E1F885355CF8B3" blockId="5.[151,1387,1853,1877]" box="[151,1387,1853,1877]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
<emphasis id="95B13362FF9FCC1570E1F885312EF8B2" bold="true" box="[151,281,1853,1877]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
|
||
Distribution of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="60C594F3FF9FCC1571B2F88532FBF8B3" box="[452,716,1853,1876]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Bedotiidae" genus="Bedotia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Atheriniformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="madagascariensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="95B13362FF9FCC1571B2F8853294F8B3" box="[452,675,1853,1876]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">B. madagascariensis</emphasis>
|
||
()
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="60C594F3FF9FCC1572AEF8853318F8B3" box="[728,815,1853,1876]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Bedotiidae" genus="Bedotia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Atheriniformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="geayi">
|
||
<emphasis id="95B13362FF9FCC1572AEF8853318F8B3" box="[728,815,1853,1876]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">B. geayi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(⌒,
|
||
<typeStatus id="787E51D2FF9FCC15732AF88533BDF8B3" box="[860,906,1853,1876]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality;) and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="60C594F3FF9FCC157432F88534D7F8B3" box="[1092,1248,1853,1876]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Bedotiidae" genus="Bedotia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Atheriniformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="leucopteron" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="95B13362FF9FCC157432F88534D7F8B3" box="[1092,1248,1853,1876]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">B. leucopteron</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="8E828E19FF9FCC157491F885350EF8B3" box="[1255,1337,1853,1876]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
(♦).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="A77AEF70FF9FCC1570E1F8303179F845" blockId="5.[151,1435,1928,2034]" box="[151,334,1928,1954]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Natural History</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="A77AEF70FF9FCC1670B0F808349DFE28" blockId="5.[151,1435,1928,2034]" lastBlockId="6.[151,1437,152,983]" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
Within its aboriginal range,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="60C594F3FF9FCC157256F808336DF82E" box="[544,858,1968,1993]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Bedotiidae" genus="Bedotia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Atheriniformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="madagascariensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="95B13362FF9FCC157256F808336DF82E" box="[544,858,1968,1993]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Bedotia madagascariensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
inhabits clear streams flowing under partial or complete forest cover at altitudes up to 30 meters above sea level.
|
||
<collectingCountry id="DFD2AFE0FF9FCC1573EDF860338BF815" box="[923,956,2008,2034]" name="American Samoa" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">As</collectingCountry>
|
||
long as the stream is shaded, this species appears indifferent to the composition of the riparian vegetation, prospering even when it is comprised entirely of exotic species. Although capable of breasting a fairly strong current,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="60C594F3FF9CCC167438FF783574FF3E" box="[1102,1347,192,217]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Bedotiidae" genus="Bedotia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Atheriniformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="madagascariensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="95B13362FF9CCC167438FF783574FF3E" box="[1102,1347,192,217]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">B. madagascariensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
prefers the quieter sections of well-shaded streams. Rivers draining the eastern versant of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="DFD2AFE0FF9CCC167413FF5034C4FEE5" box="[1125,1267,232,258]" name="Madagascar" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
|
||
are characterized by extremely soft water (General hardness [GH]:<17.1 ppm, electrical conductivity 17.0–27.0 Μmho/ cm2). It is thus not unusual to find this species inhabiting classic black water habitats such as
|
||
<emphasis id="95B13362FF9CCC167493FE8330EAFE9B" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="60C594F3FF9CCC167493FE833560FEB3" box="[1253,1367,315,340]" class="Reptilia" family="Teiidae" genus="Dracaena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Dracaena</taxonomicName>
|
||
/Pandanus
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
swamps, where
|
||
<collectingCountry id="DFD2AFE0FF9CCC1671D2FEDA31FFFE9B" box="[420,456,354,380]" name="Philippines" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">pH</collectingCountry>
|
||
values can be as low as 4.8. Although salinity levels up to 5.0 parts per thousand are tolerated in captivity,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="60C594F3FF9CCC1671BAFE3332F4FE43" box="[460,707,395,420]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Bedotiidae" genus="Bedotia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Atheriniformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="madagascariensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="95B13362FF9CCC1671BAFE3332F4FE43" box="[460,707,395,420]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">B. madagascariensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
does not enter brackish water in nature. Water temperatures measured during the month of October in the habitats it frequents ranged from 23o -32o C.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="A77AEF70FF9CCC1670B0FE663101FD58" blockId="6.[151,1437,152,983]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="60C594F3FF9CCC1670B0FE6631C9FE10" box="[198,510,478,503]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Bedotiidae" genus="Bedotia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Atheriniformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="madagascariensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="95B13362FF9CCC1670B0FE6631C9FE10" box="[198,510,478,503]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Bedotia madagascariensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is typically observed in loose, size-graded associations of up to several dozen individuals. Juveniles are usually found in the shallows, while adults frequent deeper water away from the banks. There are no published data on the reproductive behavior of this species in nature. Collections made in October, towards the end of the dry season, include juvenile fishes as small as 2.0 cm TL. Taken with what is known of its growth rate in captivity, this suggests that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="60C594F3FF9CCC167356FDC63423FD70" box="[800,1044,638,663]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Bedotiidae" genus="Bedotia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Atheriniformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="madagascariensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="95B13362FF9CCC167356FDC63423FD70" box="[800,1044,638,663]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">B. madagascariensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
enjoys a protracted breeding season in nature.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="A77AEF70FF9CCC1670B0FD75333CFC30" blockId="6.[151,1437,152,983]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
Prior to the introduction in the early 1970's of the spotted snakehead,
|
||
<emphasis id="95B13362FF9CCC167463FD7634C7FD00" box="[1045,1264,718,743]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="60C594F3FF9CCC167463FD7634DBFD00" box="[1045,1260,718,743]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Channidae" genus="Channa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="maculata">Channa maculata</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
the only fish large enough to prey upon
|
||
<taxonomicName id="60C594F3FF9CCC1671A2FD4E32FEFCE8" box="[468,713,758,783]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Bedotiidae" genus="Bedotia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Atheriniformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="madagascariensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="95B13362FF9CCC1671A2FD4E32FEFCE8" box="[468,713,758,783]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">B. madagascariensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
were cichlids of the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="60C594F3FF9CCC167478FD4E34A2FCE8" box="[1038,1173,758,783]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Paratilapia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="95B13362FF9CCC167478FD4E34A2FCE8" box="[1038,1173,758,783]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Paratilapia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, flagtails of the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="60C594F3FF9CCC1670E1FCA630D0FCD0" box="[151,231,798,823]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Kuhliidae" genus="Kuhlia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="95B13362FF9CCC1670E1FCA630D0FCD0" box="[151,231,798,823]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Kuhlia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the endemic grunter
|
||
<emphasis id="95B13362FF9CCC167191FCA633DFFCD0" box="[487,1000,798,823]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="60C594F3FF9CCC167191FCA633ABFCD0" authority="Glossogobius" authorityName="Glossogobius" box="[487,924,798,823]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Terapontidae" genus="Mesopristes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="elongatus">Mesopristes elongatus, Glossogobius</taxonomicName>
|
||
giuris
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
, and eels of the genus
|
||
<collectingCountry id="DFD2AFE0FF9CCC167482FCA6356EFCD0" box="[1268,1369,798,823]" name="Anguilla" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<emphasis id="95B13362FF9CCC167482FCA6356EFCD0" box="[1268,1369,798,823]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Anguilla</emphasis>
|
||
</collectingCountry>
|
||
. This species is also vulnerable to piscivorous wading birds and the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="DFD2AFE0FF9CCC1673F8FCFD3437FCB8" box="[910,1024,837,863]" name="Madagascar" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Malagasy</collectingCountry>
|
||
malachite kingfisher,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="60C594F3FF9CCC167578FCFE3123FC60" class="Aves" family="Alcedinidae" genus="Corythornis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coraciiformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vintsioides">
|
||
<emphasis id="95B13362FF9CCC167578FCFE3123FC60" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Corythornis vintsioides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Despite its relatively small size, there is an active artisanal fishery for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="60C594F3FF9CCC16741CFCD63557FC60" box="[1130,1376,878,903]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Bedotiidae" genus="Bedotia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Atheriniformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="madagascariensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="95B13362FF9CCC16741CFCD63557FC60" box="[1130,1376,878,903]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">B. madagascariensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
over most of its range. In captivity, individuals of this species can live for up to ten years. Predation pressure in all probability precludes comparable longevity in nature.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="A77AEF70FF9CCC1670E1FBB531B6FBC0" blockId="6.[151,1436,1037,1704]" box="[151,385,1037,1063]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Conservation Status</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="A77AEF70FF9CCC1670B0FB8D33D6FA5F" blockId="6.[151,1436,1037,1704]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
A popular ornamental fish,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="60C594F3FF9CCC167261FB8E3327FBA8" box="[535,784,1078,1103]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Bedotiidae" genus="Bedotia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Atheriniformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="madagascariensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="95B13362FF9CCC167261FB8E3327FBA8" box="[535,784,1078,1103]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">B. madagascariensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is globally a low-risk species. Indeed, the number of individuals produced annually for the aquarium trade by commercial breeders in the Far East may well equal the number living in the wild. Although local informants consistently indicate that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="60C594F3FF9CCC16742DFB3E3579FB78" box="[1115,1358,1158,1183]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Bedotiidae" genus="Bedotia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Atheriniformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="madagascariensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="95B13362FF9CCC16742DFB3E3579FB78" box="[1115,1358,1158,1183]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">B. madagascariensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is less abundant than formerly, this species does not appear to be seriously endangered in nature. While
|
||
<taxonomicName id="60C594F3FF9CCC167563FB163547FB20" box="[1301,1392,1198,1223]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Bedotiidae" genus="Bedotia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Atheriniformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="95B13362FF9CCC167563FB163547FB20" box="[1301,1392,1198,1223]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Bedotia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are usually considered to be forest-dependant fishes (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C3549281FF9CCC167296FB6E33AEFB17" author="Pellegrin" box="[736,921,1238,1264]" pageId="6" pageNumber="18" refString="Pellegrin, J. (1933) Les poissons des eaux douces de Madagascar et des iles voisins. Memoires de l'Academie Malgache (Tananarive) 14, 1 - 224." type="journal article" year="1933">Pellegrin, 1933</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C3549281FF9CCC1673D0FB6E3478FB17" author="Arnoult" box="[934,1103,1238,1264]" pageId="6" pageNumber="18" refString="Arnoult, J. (1959) Poissons des eaux douces. Faune de Madagascar, ISRM, Tananarive, 10, 1 - 169." type="journal article" year="1959">Arnoult, 1959</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C3549281FF9CCC16742AFB6E34C1FB17" author="Kiener" box="[1116,1270,1238,1264]" pageId="6" pageNumber="18" refString="Kiener, A. (1963) Poissons, peche et pisciculture a Madagascar. Publcation du Centre Technique Forestier Tropical (24), 1 - 244." type="journal article" year="1963">Kiener, 1963</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="60C594F3FF9CCC167571FB6E3136FAF0" class="Actinopterygii" family="Bedotiidae" genus="Bedotia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Atheriniformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="madagascariensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="95B13362FF9CCC167571FB6E3136FAF0" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">B. madagascariensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has managed to cope well with the elimination of primary forest over much of its range. It is perhaps more accurate to describe this and other bedotiids as shade rather than forest dependant. This explains their persistence in streams where the riparian vegetation consists entirely of such exotic species as torch ginger, banana, lantana and Chinese bamboo. In unshaded or extremely turbid streams, this species is replaced by the naturalized poeciliids
|
||
<taxonomicName id="60C594F3FF9CCC1671ECFA2632BDFA50" box="[410,650,1438,1463]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Poeciliidae" genus="Gambusia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="holbrooki">
|
||
<emphasis id="95B13362FF9CCC1671ECFA2632BDFA50" box="[410,650,1438,1463]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Gambusia holbrooki</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="60C594F3FF9CCC1672B5FA2633EDFA50" box="[707,986,1438,1463]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Poeciliidae" genus="Xiphophorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="maculatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="95B13362FF9CCC1672B5FA2633EDFA50" box="[707,986,1438,1463]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Xiphophorus maculatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="A77AEF70FF9CCC1670B0FA7E34C4F94F" blockId="6.[151,1436,1037,1704]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
The chief threats to the survival of this species in the wild are the ongoing progressive degradation of its habitat, with concomitant risk of increased silt loading due to erosion and the inexorable spread of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="60C594F3FF9CCC167559FA5630F2F9C8" class="Actinopterygii" family="Channidae" genus="Channa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="maculata">
|
||
<emphasis id="95B13362FF9CCC167559FA5630F2F9C8" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">C. maculata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Unlike native piscivores, this exotic predator is not deterred by shallow water. Small streams thus afford
|
||
<taxonomicName id="60C594F3FF9CCC1670E1F98631BCF9B0" box="[151,395,1598,1623]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Bedotiidae" genus="Bedotia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Atheriniformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="madagascariensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="95B13362FF9CCC1670E1F98631BCF9B0" box="[151,395,1598,1623]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">B. madagascariensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
no protection from its depredations, although the snakehead’s dislike of rapidly flowing water affords those native fishes capable of coping with a pronounced current at least a partial refuge. Following the criteria established by the I.U.C.N., wild populations should be classified as vulnerable.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="A77AEF70FF9CCC1670E1F966312FF91F" blockId="6.[151,1437,1758,2024]" box="[151,280,1758,1784]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Discussion</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="A77AEF70FF9CCC1770B0F8BE3139FEB5" blockId="6.[151,1437,1758,2024]" lastBlockId="7.[151,1436,152,338]" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
In 1953, Arnoult shipped live
|
||
<taxonomicName id="60C594F3FF9CCC16725DF8BE32B1F8F8" box="[555,646,1798,1823]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Bedotiidae" genus="Bedotia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Atheriniformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="95B13362FF9CCC16725DF8BE32B1F8F8" box="[555,646,1798,1823]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Bedotia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
collected from the town of Ambila-Lemaitso to
|
||
<collectingCountry id="DFD2AFE0FF9CCC1674B0F8BE352DF8C7" box="[1222,1306,1798,1824]" name="France" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">France</collectingCountry>
|
||
. This town is located on the shore of Lake Anjanaborona, which lies immediately to the south of Lake Rasoabe. They were introduced to the aquarium hobby under the name
|
||
<emphasis id="95B13362FF9CCC167347F8EE33EDF888" box="[817,986,1878,1903]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="60C594F3FF9CCC167347F8EE33E1F888" box="[817,982,1878,1903]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Bedotiidae" genus="Bedotia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Atheriniformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="geayi">Bedotia geayi</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
notwithstanding the fact that the
|
||
<typeStatus id="787E51D2FF9CCC16751FF8EE35ABF897" box="[1385,1436,1878,1904]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">type</typeStatus>
|
||
series of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="60C594F3FF9CCC167172F8C63151F870" box="[260,358,1918,1943]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Bedotiidae" genus="Bedotia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Atheriniformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="geayi">
|
||
<emphasis id="95B13362FF9CCC167172F8C63151F870" box="[260,358,1918,1943]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">B. geayi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was collected from the Mananjary basin, several hundred kilometers to the south of Lake Rasoabe. The color pattern of male
|
||
<taxonomicName id="60C594F3FF9CCC16723FF81E3293F858" box="[585,676,1958,1983]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Bedotiidae" genus="Bedotia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Atheriniformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="95B13362FF9CCC16723FF81E3293F858" box="[585,676,1958,1983]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Bedotia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
recently collected from the Mananjary drainage differs significantly from that of Arnoult’s fish in lacking a black submarginal zone in the caudal fin and in the absence of yellow pigmentation in the dorsal and anal fins. Nor do the Manajary
|
||
<taxonomicName id="60C594F3FF9DCC177383FF203467FF56" box="[1013,1104,152,177]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Bedotiidae" genus="Bedotia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Atheriniformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="95B13362FF9DCC177383FF203467FF56" box="[1013,1104,152,177]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Bedotia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
display the red/white color polymorphism characteristic of the unpaired fins in
|
||
<emphasis id="95B13362FF9DCC177282FF7833C7FF3E" box="[756,1008,192,217]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="60C594F3FF9DCC177282FF7833DBFF3E" box="[756,1004,192,217]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Bedotiidae" genus="Bedotia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Atheriniformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="madagascariensis">B. madagascariensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
The two also differ with respect to a number of morphometric and merisitic characteristics (
|
||
<tableCitation id="EA47DACBFF9DCC17735FFF5033B2FEE5" box="[809,901,232,258]" captionStart="TABLE 3" captionStartId="10.[151,239,431,455]" captionTargetBox="[167,1331,541,991]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="TABLE 3. Summary of Distinguishing Characters for Bedotia madagascariensis and B. geayi." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/F3BABFF8FF90CC1A70E1FE173452FE20" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" tableUuid="F3BABFF8FF90CC1A70E1FE173452FE20">Table 3</tableCitation>
|
||
). We thus recognize the two taxa as specifically distinct and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="60C594F3FF9DCC17711FFEA83269FECE" box="[361,606,272,297]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Bedotiidae" genus="Bedotia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Atheriniformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="madagascariensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="95B13362FF9DCC17711FFEA83269FECE" box="[361,606,272,297]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">B. madagascariensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as the correct name for the species long sold as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="60C594F3FF9DCC1774EBFEA834C9FECE" box="[1181,1278,272,297]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Bedotiidae" genus="Bedotia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Atheriniformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="geayi">
|
||
<emphasis id="95B13362FF9DCC1774EBFEA834C9FECE" box="[1181,1278,272,297]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">B. geayi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the aquarium trade.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |