328 lines
37 KiB
XML
328 lines
37 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4663020" ID-GBIF-Dataset="5794f9f4-83ec-4365-a76c-57ec45f2fc7b" ID-GBIF-Taxon="180808103" ID-ISSN="0067-1975" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4663020" checkinTime="1617227351488" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Wilson, George D. F. & Ho, L. E." docDate="1996" docId="0E5B87D74D54EE2DB0F6F811F9A36113" docLanguage="en" docName="RecAustMus.48.1.7-32.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Records of the Australian Museum 48 (1)" docSource="https://journals.australian.museum/wilson-and-ho-1996-rec-aust-mus-481-732/" docStyle="DocumentStyle:D3147822FB22E0797CFA40BA2FBFB595.2:RecAustMus.1986-1997.journal_article" docStyleId="D3147822FB22E0797CFA40BA2FBFB595" docStyleName="RecAustMus.1986-1997.journal_article" docStyleVersion="2" docTitle="Crenoicus Nicholls 1944" docType="treatment" docVersion="5" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="10" masterDocId="F262FFAF4D56EE2EB505FF89FFBD6723" masterDocTitle="Crenoicus Nicholls, 1944 (Crustacea, Isopoda, Phreactoicidea): Systematics and biology of a new species from New South Wales" masterLastPageNumber="32" masterPageNumber="7" pageId="2" pageNumber="9" updateTime="1643595271865" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Crenoicus Nicholls, 1944 (Crustacea, Isopoda, Phreactoicidea): Systematics and biology of a new species from New South Wales</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Wilson, George D. F.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Ho, L. E.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Records of the Australian Museum</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>1996</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>1996-05-01</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>48</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="issue">
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<mods:number>1</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>7</mods:start>
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<mods:end>32</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>https://journals.australian.museum/wilson-and-ho-1996-rec-aust-mus-481-732/</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.3853/j.0067-1975.48.1996.279</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="GBIF-Dataset">5794f9f4-83ec-4365-a76c-57ec45f2fc7b</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ISSN">0067-1975</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">4654870</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4663020" ID-GBIF-Taxon="180808103" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4663020" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0E5B87D74D54EE2DB0F6F811F9A36113" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/0E5B87D74D54EE2DB0F6F811F9A36113" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="10" pageId="2" pageNumber="9">
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<subSubSection box="[1523,2008,1944,1984]" pageId="2" pageNumber="9" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph blockId="2.[1523,2008,1944,1984]" box="[1523,2008,1944,1984]" pageId="2" pageNumber="9">
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<heading box="[1523,2008,1944,1984]" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="9" reason="2">
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<taxonomicName authority="Nicholls, 1944" authorityName="Nicholls" authorityYear="1944" box="[1523,2008,1944,1984]" class="Malacostraca" family="Phreatoicidae" genus="Crenoicus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isopoda" pageId="2" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[1523,1704,1944,1984]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="9">Crenoicus</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation author="Nicholls, G. E." box="[1733,2008,1944,1984]" pageId="2" pageNumber="9" pagination="1 - 156" refId="ref12006" refString="Nicholls, G. E., 1944. The Phreatoicoidea. Part 11. The Phreatoicoidae. Papers and Proceedings of the Royal Society of Tasmania 1943: 1 - 156." type="journal article" year="1944">
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Nicholls,
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1924,2008,1944,1984]" pageId="2" pageNumber="9">1944</emphasis>
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</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[1275,1824,2045,2079]" pageId="2" pageNumber="9" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph blockId="2.[1275,1824,2045,2079]" box="[1275,1824,2045,2079]" pageId="2" pageNumber="9">
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<treatmentCitationGroup box="[1275,1824,2045,2079]" pageId="2" pageNumber="9">
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<treatmentCitation author="Nicholls, G. E." box="[1275,1819,2045,2079]" page="23" pageId="2" pageNumber="9" year="1944">
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<taxonomicName authority="Nicholls, 1944: 21 - 23" authorityName="Nicholls" authorityPageNumber="21 - 23" authorityYear="1944" box="[1275,1819,2045,2079]" class="Malacostraca" family="Phreatoicidae" genus="Crenoicus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isopoda" pageId="2" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[1275,1428,2045,2079]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="9">Crenoicus</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation author="Nicholls, G. E." box="[1452,1819,2045,2079]" pageId="2" pageNumber="9" pagination="1 - 156" refId="ref12006" refString="Nicholls, G. E., 1944. The Phreatoicoidea. Part 11. The Phreatoicoidae. Papers and Proceedings of the Royal Society of Tasmania 1943: 1 - 156." type="journal article" year="1944">Nicholls, 1944: 21-23</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</treatmentCitation>
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.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[1274,2147,2133,2172]" pageId="2" pageNumber="9" type="type_taxon">
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<paragraph blockId="2.[1274,2147,2133,2172]" box="[1274,2147,2133,2172]" pageId="2" pageNumber="9">
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<typeStatus box="[1274,1360,2133,2172]" pageId="2" pageNumber="9">Type</typeStatus>
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species.
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<taxonomicName authority="Nicholls, 1944" authorityName="Nicholls" authorityYear="1944" box="[1548,2029,2133,2172]" class="Malacostraca" family="Phreatoicidae" genus="Crenoicus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isopoda" pageId="2" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mixtus">
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<emphasis box="[1548,1851,2133,2172]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="9">Crenoicus mixtus</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation author="Nicholls, G. E." box="[1876,2029,2133,2172]" pageId="2" pageNumber="9" pagination="1 - 156" refId="ref12006" refString="Nicholls, G. E., 1944. The Phreatoicoidea. Part 11. The Phreatoicoidae. Papers and Proceedings of the Royal Society of Tasmania 1943: 1 - 156." type="journal article" year="1944">Nicholls,</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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1944.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="10" pageId="2" pageNumber="9" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph blockId="2.[1272,2259,2238,3195]" lastBlockId="3.[234,1216,412,912]" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="10" pageId="2" pageNumber="9">Generic diagnosis. Eyes absent. Head length subequal to width in dorsal view, maxillipeds inserting near posterior margin of head. Dorsal surface with scattered fine setae, lacking tubercles or ridges. Pereonites lacking epimeral plates, all coxae visible in lateral view. Pereopodal coxae lacking distinct lateral projections. Gut with minimal typhlosole, "u" shaped in cross section. Pleonites with well-developed ventral epimera, pleopodal protopods not visible in lateral view. Pleotelson depth greater than length; posteriorly trilobed in dorsal or ventral view; medial tip not cleft, not distinctly longer than lateral lobes; ventral margin anterior to insertion of uropods with row of simple robust setae. Antennula terminal article shorter and narrower than subterminal articles, roughly globular. Right mandible lacking lacinia mobilis. Maxillula medial lobe narrower than lateral lobe, with 4 large plumose setae and 2 small simple setae (6 plumose setae sometimes occurring). Pereopod I male propodal palm with short, broadly conical, dorsally angled setae on low ridge; female propodal palm with row of broad based simple setae. Male pereopod IV subchelate between dactylus and propodus, propodal palm with proximal large broad based setae. Penes smooth, lacking setae, strongly curved posteriorly, tapering distally to rounded point. Pleopod I exopod distally pointed, widest at midlength; endopod without setae. Male pleopod 11 appendix masculina curved, distally stylet-like, distal tip spatulate or spine-like with long single subdistal seta. Uropodal protopod distoventral margin with 1 robust distally spinose seta; propodal medial margin lacking distal projection; rami distally pointed, spine-like.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="3" pageNumber="10" type="discussion">
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<paragraph blockId="3.[228,1217,978,3177]" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">
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Remarks.
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<bibRefCitation author="Nicholls, G. E." box="[421,683,978,1017]" pageId="3" pageNumber="10" pagination="1 - 156" refId="ref12006" refString="Nicholls, G. E., 1944. The Phreatoicoidea. Part 11. The Phreatoicoidae. Papers and Proceedings of the Royal Society of Tasmania 1943: 1 - 156." type="journal article" year="1944">Nicholls (1944)</bibRefCitation>
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classified his genus
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<emphasis box="[1036,1213,978,1017]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Nicholls" authorityYear="1944" box="[1036,1207,978,1017]" class="Malacostraca" family="Phreatoicidae" genus="Crenoicus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isopoda" pageId="3" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Crenoicus</taxonomicName>
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,
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</emphasis>
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an exclusively Australian genus, in the subfamily
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<taxonomicName box="[234,464,1070,1109]" class="Malacostraca" family="Phreatoicidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isopoda" pageId="3" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Phreatoicinae">Phreatoicinae</taxonomicName>
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which otherwise contains
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<collectingCountry box="[975,1215,1070,1109]" name="New Zealand" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
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forms. His subfamily concept may be too broad because the elongate subterranean genera
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<taxonomicName authority="Chilton, 1883" authorityName="Chilton" authorityYear="1883" class="Malacostraca" family="Phreatoicidae" genus="Phreatoicus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isopoda" pageId="3" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[853,1053,1163,1201]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">Phreatoicus</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation author="Chilton, C." pageId="3" pageNumber="10" pagination="69 - 86" refId="ref11615" refString="Chilton, C., 1883. Further additions to our knowledge of the New Zealand Crustacea. Transactions of the New Zealand Institute 15: 69 - 86." type="journal article" year="1883">Chilton, 1883</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName authority="Nicholls, 1944" authorityName="Nicholls" authorityYear="1944" box="[451,1045,1208,1247]" class="Malacostraca" family="Phreatoicidae" genus="Neophreatoicus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isopoda" pageId="3" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[451,729,1208,1247]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">Neophreatoicus</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation author="Nicholls, G. E." box="[764,1045,1208,1247]" pageId="3" pageNumber="10" pagination="1 - 156" refId="ref12006" refString="Nicholls, G. E., 1944. The Phreatoicoidea. Part 11. The Phreatoicoidae. Papers and Proceedings of the Royal Society of Tasmania 1943: 1 - 156." type="journal article" year="1944">Nicholls, 1944</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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can be distinguished from the more typically shaped species of
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Nicholls" authorityYear="1944" box="[235,426,1301,1339]" class="Malacostraca" family="Phreatoicidae" genus="Crenoicus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isopoda" pageId="3" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[235,426,1301,1339]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">Crenoicus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName authority="Nicholls, 1944" authorityName="Nicholls" authorityYear="1944" box="[569,1207,1301,1339]" class="Malacostraca" family="Phreatoicidae" genus="Notamphisopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isopoda" pageId="3" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[569,861,1301,1339]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">Notamphisopus</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation author="Nicholls, G. E." box="[899,1207,1301,1339]" pageId="3" pageNumber="10" pagination="1 - 156" refId="ref12006" refString="Nicholls, G. E., 1944. The Phreatoicoidea. Part 11. The Phreatoicoidae. Papers and Proceedings of the Royal Society of Tasmania 1943: 1 - 156." type="journal article" year="1944">Nicholls, 1944</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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. Nevertheless, Poore
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<emphasis box="[586,665,1346,1385]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">et at.</emphasis>
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(in press) expand the definition of the subfamily to include genera of Paraphreatoicinae
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<bibRefCitation author="Nicholls, G. E." box="[233,484,1438,1477]" pageId="3" pageNumber="10" pagination="1 - 156" refId="ref12006" refString="Nicholls, G. E., 1944. The Phreatoicoidea. Part 11. The Phreatoicoidae. Papers and Proceedings of the Royal Society of Tasmania 1943: 1 - 156." type="journal article" year="1944">Nicholls, 1944</bibRefCitation>
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plus
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<taxonomicName authority="Nicholls, 1943" authorityName="Nicholls" authorityYear="1943" box="[604,1126,1438,1477]" class="Malacostraca" family="Phreatoicidae" genus="Uramphisopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isopoda" pageId="3" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[604,847,1438,1477]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">Uramphisopus</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation author="Nicholls, G. E." box="[868,1126,1438,1477]" pageId="3" pageNumber="10" pagination="1 - 145" refId="ref11973" refString="Nicholls, G. E., 1943. The Phreatoicoidea. Part I. The Amphisopidae. Papers and Proceedings of the Royal Society of Tasmania 1942: 1 - 145." type="journal article" year="1943">Nicholls, 1943</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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, and raise this group to family level. We do not diagnose the family
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Chilton" authorityYear="1891" box="[356,584,1530,1569]" class="Malacostraca" family="Phreatoicidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isopoda" pageId="3" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Phreatoicidae</taxonomicName>
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because the family level systematics of the
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<taxonomicName box="[343,573,1577,1615]" class="Arachnida" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="3" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subOrder" subOrder="Phreatoicidea">Phreatoicidea</taxonomicName>
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should be reviseu using phylogenetic methods.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="3.[228,1217,978,3177]" lastBlockId="3.[1289,2267,412,589]" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">
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With this new composition of the
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Chilton" authorityYear="1891" box="[874,1106,1668,1707]" class="Malacostraca" family="Phreatoicidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isopoda" pageId="3" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Phreatoicidae</taxonomicName>
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, more genera must be compared with
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<emphasis box="[839,1016,1714,1753]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Nicholls" authorityYear="1944" box="[839,1011,1714,1753]" class="Malacostraca" family="Phreatoicidae" genus="Crenoicus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isopoda" pageId="3" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Crenoicus</taxonomicName>
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.
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</emphasis>
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The
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<collectingCountry name="New Zealand" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
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species of
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Chilton" authorityYear="1883" box="[578,780,1760,1799]" class="Malacostraca" family="Phreatoicidae" genus="Phreatoicus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isopoda" pageId="3" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[578,780,1760,1799]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">Phreatoicus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Nicholls" authorityYear="1944" box="[879,1144,1760,1799]" class="Malacostraca" family="Phreatoicidae" genus="Neophreatoicus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isopoda" pageId="3" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[879,1144,1760,1799]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">Neophreatoicus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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are much more elongate than other
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Chilton" authorityYear="1891" box="[808,1036,1806,1845]" class="Malacostraca" family="Phreatoicidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isopoda" pageId="3" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Phreatoicidae</taxonomicName>
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and have a pleotelson whose length is greater than its depth.
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Nicholls" authorityYear="1944" box="[233,403,1898,1937]" class="Malacostraca" family="Phreatoicidae" genus="Crenoicus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isopoda" pageId="3" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[233,403,1898,1937]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">Crenoicus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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can be distinguished from
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<taxonomicName authority="Nicholls, 1944" authorityName="Nicholls" authorityYear="1944" class="Malacostraca" family="Phreatoicidae" genus="Colacanthotelson" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isopoda" pageId="3" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[918,1212,1898,1937]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">Colacanthotelson</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation author="Nicholls, G. E." box="[231,485,1945,1983]" pageId="3" pageNumber="10" pagination="1 - 156" refId="ref12006" refString="Nicholls, G. E., 1944. The Phreatoicoidea. Part 11. The Phreatoicoidae. Papers and Proceedings of the Royal Society of Tasmania 1943: 1 - 156." type="journal article" year="1944">Nicholls, 1944</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName authority="Nicholls, 1944" authorityName="Nicholls" authorityYear="1944" box="[531,1126,1945,1983]" class="Malacostraca" family="Phreatoicidae" genus="Mesacanthotelson" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isopoda" pageId="3" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[531,838,1945,1983]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">Mesacanthotelson</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation author="Nicholls, G. E." box="[865,1126,1945,1983]" pageId="3" pageNumber="10" pagination="1 - 156" refId="ref12006" refString="Nicholls, G. E., 1944. The Phreatoicoidea. Part 11. The Phreatoicoidae. Papers and Proceedings of the Royal Society of Tasmania 1943: 1 - 156." type="journal article" year="1944">Nicholls, 1944</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName authority="Nicholls, 1944" authorityName="Nicholls" authorityYear="1944" box="[233,716,1990,2029]" class="Malacostraca" family="Phreatoicidae" genus="Onchotelson" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isopoda" pageId="3" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[233,444,1990,2029]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">Onchotelson</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation author="Nicholls, G. E." box="[463,716,1990,2029]" pageId="3" pageNumber="10" pagination="1 - 156" refId="ref12006" refString="Nicholls, G. E., 1944. The Phreatoicoidea. Part 11. The Phreatoicoidae. Papers and Proceedings of the Royal Society of Tasmania 1943: 1 - 156." type="journal article" year="1944">Nicholls, 1944</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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by the lack of any unusual alterations of the dorsal cuticle, the pleotelson tip or the coxae (i.e. the cuticle is not rugose, the pleotelson does not have an elongate tip and the coxae are not laterally expanded). The other phreatoicid genera
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<taxonomicName authority="Nicholls, 1943" authorityName="Nicholls" authorityYear="1943" class="Malacostraca" family="Phreatoicidae" genus="Uramphisopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isopoda" pageId="3" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[970,1213,2174,2213]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">Uramphisopus</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation author="Nicholls, G. E." box="[230,520,2220,2258]" pageId="3" pageNumber="10" pagination="1 - 145" refId="ref11973" refString="Nicholls, G. E., 1943. The Phreatoicoidea. Part I. The Amphisopidae. Papers and Proceedings of the Royal Society of Tasmania 1942: 1 - 145." type="journal article" year="1943">Nicholls, 1943</bibRefCitation>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName authority="Nicholls, 1944" authorityName="Nicholls" authorityYear="1944" box="[598,1204,2220,2258]" class="Malacostraca" family="Phreatoicidae" genus="Colubotelson" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isopoda" pageId="3" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis box="[598,848,2220,2258]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">Colubotelson</emphasis>
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Nicholls, G. E." box="[891,1204,2220,2258]" pageId="3" pageNumber="10" pagination="1 - 156" refId="ref12006" refString="Nicholls, G. E., 1944. The Phreatoicoidea. Part 11. The Phreatoicoidae. Papers and Proceedings of the Royal Society of Tasmania 1943: 1 - 156." type="journal article" year="1944">Nicholls, 1944</bibRefCitation>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName authority="Nicholls, 1944" authorityName="Nicholls" authorityYear="1944" box="[229,847,2266,2304]" class="Malacostraca" family="Phreatoicidae" genus="Metaphreatoicus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isopoda" pageId="3" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis box="[229,537,2266,2304]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">Metaphreatoicus</emphasis>
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Nicholls, G. E." box="[571,847,2266,2304]" pageId="3" pageNumber="10" pagination="1 - 156" refId="ref12006" refString="Nicholls, G. E., 1944. The Phreatoicoidea. Part 11. The Phreatoicoidae. Papers and Proceedings of the Royal Society of Tasmania 1943: 1 - 156." type="journal article" year="1944">Nicholls, 1944</bibRefCitation>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName authority="Nicholls, 1944" authorityName="Nicholls" authorityYear="1944" class="Malacostraca" family="Phreatoicidae" genus="Paraphreatoicus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isopoda" pageId="3" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis box="[909,1212,2266,2304]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">Paraphreatoicus</emphasis>
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Nicholls, G. E." box="[230,481,2311,2350]" pageId="3" pageNumber="10" pagination="1 - 156" refId="ref12006" refString="Nicholls, G. E., 1944. The Phreatoicoidea. Part 11. The Phreatoicoidae. Papers and Proceedings of the Royal Society of Tasmania 1943: 1 - 156." type="journal article" year="1944">Nicholls, 1944</bibRefCitation>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
and
|
|
<taxonomicName authority="Nicholls, 1944" authorityName="Nicholls" authorityYear="1944" box="[595,1138,2311,2350]" class="Malacostraca" family="Phreatoicidae" genus="Notamphisopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isopoda" pageId="3" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis box="[595,857,2311,2350]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">Notamphisopus</emphasis>
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Nicholls, G. E." box="[880,1138,2311,2350]" pageId="3" pageNumber="10" pagination="1 - 156" refId="ref12006" refString="Nicholls, G. E., 1944. The Phreatoicoidea. Part 11. The Phreatoicoidae. Papers and Proceedings of the Royal Society of Tasmania 1943: 1 - 156." type="journal article" year="1944">Nicholls, 1944</bibRefCitation>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
are more similar to
|
|
<emphasis box="[546,723,2357,2396]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Nicholls" authorityYear="1944" box="[546,718,2357,2396]" class="Malacostraca" family="Phreatoicidae" genus="Crenoicus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isopoda" pageId="3" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Crenoicus</taxonomicName>
|
|
.
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
Unlike
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Knott, B." box="[894,1124,2357,2396]" pageId="3" pageNumber="10" pagination="344" refId="ref11831" refString="Knott, B., 1975. Systematic studies on the Phreatoicoidea (Order Isopoda) with a discussion on the phylogeny and zoogeography of other freshwater malacostracan crustaceans from Australia and Tasmania. Ph. D. Thesis. (unpublished, in 2 vols.). University of Tasmania, Hobart, pp. 344." type="book chapter" year="1975">Knott (1975)</bibRefCitation>
|
|
and Poore
|
|
<emphasis box="[352,444,2404,2442]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">et al.</emphasis>
|
|
(in press), we are uncertain whether the genera
|
|
<emphasis box="[427,1079,2450,2488]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Nicholls" authorityYear="1944" box="[427,753,2450,2488]" class="Malacostraca" family="Phreatoicidae" genus="Metaphreatoicus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isopoda" pageId="3" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Metaphreatoicus</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Nicholls" authorityYear="1944" box="[829,1079,2450,2488]" class="Malacostraca" family="Phreatoicidae" genus="Colubotelson" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isopoda" pageId="3" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Colubotelson</taxonomicName>
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
and
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Nicholls" authorityYear="1944" box="[230,549,2495,2533]" class="Malacostraca" family="Phreatoicidae" genus="Paraphreatoicus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isopoda" pageId="3" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis box="[230,549,2495,2533]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">Paraphreatoicus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
should be synonymised into
|
|
<emphasis box="[233,487,2541,2580]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Nicholls" authorityYear="1943" box="[233,482,2541,2580]" class="Malacostraca" family="Phreatoicidae" genus="Uramphisopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isopoda" pageId="3" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Uramphisopus</taxonomicName>
|
|
.
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
<taxonomicName authority="Nicholls, 1943" authorityName="Nicholls" authorityYear="1943" box="[516,1210,2541,2580]" class="Malacostraca" family="Phreatoicidae" genus="Uramphisopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isopoda" pageId="3" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pearsoni">
|
|
<emphasis box="[516,929,2541,2580]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">Uramphisopus pearsoni</emphasis>
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Nicholls, G. E." box="[953,1210,2541,2580]" pageId="3" pageNumber="10" pagination="1 - 145" refId="ref11973" refString="Nicholls, G. E., 1943. The Phreatoicoidea. Part I. The Amphisopidae. Papers and Proceedings of the Royal Society of Tasmania 1942: 1 - 145." type="journal article" year="1943">Nicholls, 1943</bibRefCitation>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
has a large medial extension of the uropodal protopod, while none of the species attributed to other three genera have this feature. Other characters, such as the setation of the pleopodal endopods and the uropods, also suggest more diversity than a single genus should contain. Consequently, we prefer to recognise these genera until the suborder is revised. All of these genera, however, lack a distally pointed appendix masculina seen in
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Nicholls" authorityYear="1944" box="[231,400,2955,2993]" class="Malacostraca" family="Phreatoicidae" genus="Crenoicus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isopoda" pageId="3" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis box="[231,400,2955,2993]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">Crenoicus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
and instead have a typically rounded tip with multiple setae. These genera also differ in other details such as the setation of the first pleopod and the number of spinose setae on the distal margin of the uropodal protopod. While most Australian
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Chilton" authorityYear="1891" box="[873,1101,3138,3177]" class="Malacostraca" family="Phreatoicidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isopoda" pageId="3" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Phreatoicidae</taxonomicName>
|
|
have eyes,
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Nicholls" authorityYear="1944" box="[1402,1570,412,451]" class="Malacostraca" family="Phreatoicidae" genus="Crenoicus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isopoda" pageId="3" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis box="[1402,1570,412,451]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">Crenoicus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
species are completely blind, although the head may have a cuticular remnant of the eyes.
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Nicholls" authorityYear="1944" box="[1291,1460,504,543]" class="Malacostraca" family="Phreatoicidae" genus="Crenoicus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isopoda" pageId="3" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis box="[1291,1460,504,543]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">Crenoicus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
species also have a subcuticular white patch of unknown function in the ocular region of the head.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection pageId="3" pageNumber="10" type="description">
|
|
<paragraph blockId="3.[1288,2270,655,1109]" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">
|
|
Species included.
|
|
<taxonomicName authority="Nicholls, 1944" authorityName="Nicholls" authorityYear="1944" box="[1625,2196,655,694]" class="Malacostraca" family="Phreatoicidae" genus="Crenoicus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isopoda" pageId="3" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mixtus">
|
|
<emphasis box="[1625,1921,655,694]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">Crenoicus mixtus</emphasis>
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Nicholls, G. E." box="[1941,2196,655,694]" pageId="3" pageNumber="10" pagination="1 - 156" refId="ref12006" refString="Nicholls, G. E., 1944. The Phreatoicoidea. Part 11. The Phreatoicoidae. Papers and Proceedings of the Royal Society of Tasmania 1943: 1 - 156." type="journal article" year="1944">Nicholls, 1944</bibRefCitation>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
; C.
|
|
<taxonomicName authority="(Sayce, 1900)" baseAuthorityName="Sayce" baseAuthorityYear="1900" box="[1288,1716,702,740]" class="Malacostraca" family="Phreatoicidae" genus="Phreatoicus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isopoda" pageId="3" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="shephardi">
|
|
<emphasis box="[1288,1455,702,740]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">shephardi</emphasis>
|
|
(
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Sayce, O. A." box="[1492,1705,702,740]" pageId="3" pageNumber="10" pagination="25 - 28" refId="ref12115" refString="Sayce, O. A., 1900. Phreatoicus shephardi-a new species of fresh-water Isopoda from Victoria. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Victoria, n. s. 13: 25 - 28 (pI. 3)." type="book chapter" year="1900">Sayce, 1900</bibRefCitation>
|
|
)
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
; C.
|
|
<taxonomicName authority="Nicholls, 1944" authorityName="Nicholls" authorityYear="1944" box="[1824,2266,702,740]" class="Malacostraca" family="Phreatoicidae" genus="Crenoicus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isopoda" pageId="3" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="harrisoni">
|
|
<emphasis box="[1824,1981,702,740]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">harrisoni</emphasis>
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Nicholls, G. E." box="[2007,2266,702,740]" pageId="3" pageNumber="10" pagination="1 - 156" refId="ref12006" refString="Nicholls, G. E., 1944. The Phreatoicoidea. Part 11. The Phreatoicoidae. Papers and Proceedings of the Royal Society of Tasmania 1943: 1 - 156." type="journal article" year="1944">Nicholls, 1944</bibRefCitation>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
and C.
|
|
<taxonomicName authority="Wilson & Ho, 1996" authorityName="Wilson & Ho" authorityYear="1996" box="[1425,1549,748,786]" class="Malacostraca" family="Phreatoicidae" genus="Crenoicus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isopoda" pageId="3" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="buntiae" status="n.sp.">
|
|
<emphasis box="[1425,1549,748,786]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">buntiae</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[1569,1645,748,786]" pageId="3" pageNumber="10" rank="species">n.sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Nicholls, G. E." box="[1666,2010,748,786]" pageId="3" pageNumber="10" pagination="1 - 156" refId="ref12006" refString="Nicholls, G. E., 1944. The Phreatoicoidea. Part 11. The Phreatoicoidae. Papers and Proceedings of the Royal Society of Tasmania 1943: 1 - 156." type="journal article" year="1944">Nicholls (1944: 31)</bibRefCitation>
|
|
noted another undescribed species from the New
|
|
<collectingCountry box="[1940,2082,794,832]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">England</collectingCountry>
|
|
region of New South Wales. The morphological conservatism of this genus coupled with substantial intrapopulation variation in some characters (discussed later in this paper) makes identification of species difficult. A complete species inventory for
|
|
<emphasis box="[1681,1858,1024,1063]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Nicholls" authorityYear="1944" box="[1681,1852,1024,1063]" class="Malacostraca" family="Phreatoicidae" genus="Crenoicus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isopoda" pageId="3" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Crenoicus</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
therefore, will require careful morphometric and genetic studies.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection pageId="3" pageNumber="10" type="distribution">
|
|
<paragraph blockId="3.[1287,2268,1175,1584]" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">
|
|
Distribution of
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Nicholls" authorityYear="1944" box="[1581,1754,1175,1214]" class="Malacostraca" family="Phreatoicidae" genus="Crenoicus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isopoda" pageId="3" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis box="[1581,1754,1175,1214]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">Crenoicus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
species. Throughout springs and swamps of
|
|
<collectingRegion box="[1591,1724,1221,1260]" country="Australia" name="Victoria" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">Victoria</collectingRegion>
|
|
and
|
|
<collectingRegion box="[1832,2165,1221,1260]" country="Australia" name="New South Wales" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">New South Wales</collectingRegion>
|
|
: near Ballarat (c.
|
|
<emphasis box="[1509,1640,1268,1306]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Nicholls" authorityYear="1944" box="[1509,1623,1268,1306]" class="Malacostraca" family="Phreatoicidae" genus="Crenoicus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isopoda" pageId="3" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mixtus">mixtus</taxonomicName>
|
|
),
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
Plenty Range near Melbourne Vic. (c.
|
|
<emphasis box="[1365,1554,1313,1352]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">
|
|
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Sayce" baseAuthorityYear="1900" box="[1365,1536,1313,1352]" class="Malacostraca" family="Phreatoicidae" genus="Phreatoicus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isopoda" pageId="3" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="shephardi">shephardi</taxonomicName>
|
|
),
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
Barrington Tops NSW (c.
|
|
<emphasis box="[2089,2266,1313,1352]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Nicholls" authorityYear="1944" box="[2089,2248,1313,1352]" class="Malacostraca" family="Phreatoicidae" genus="Crenoicus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isopoda" pageId="3" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="harrisoni">harrisoni</taxonomicName>
|
|
),
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
Boyd Plateau NSW (c.
|
|
<taxonomicName authority="Wilson & Ho, 1996" authorityName="Wilson & Ho" authorityYear="1996" box="[1699,1823,1359,1398]" class="Malacostraca" family="Phreatoicidae" genus="Crenoicus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isopoda" pageId="3" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="buntiae" status="n.sp.">
|
|
<emphasis box="[1699,1823,1359,1398]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">buntiae</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[1838,1919,1359,1398]" pageId="3" pageNumber="10" rank="species">n.sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
|
), Otway Range Vic.
|
|
<emphasis box="[1289,1473,1405,1444]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">
|
|
(
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Nicholls" authorityYear="1944" box="[1300,1473,1405,1444]" class="Malacostraca" family="Phreatoicidae" genus="Crenoicus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isopoda" pageId="3" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Crenoicus</taxonomicName>
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
sp.-undescribed). Our collecting activities have shown other undescribed species of
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Nicholls" authorityYear="1944" box="[2047,2215,1451,1490]" class="Malacostraca" family="Phreatoicidae" genus="Crenoicus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isopoda" pageId="3" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis box="[2047,2215,1451,1490]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">Crenoicus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
to be widespread in NSW springs and marshes above
|
|
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="10" unit="m" value="1000.0">1000 m</quantity>
|
|
(see
|
|
<figureCitation box="[1434,1545,1544,1584]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="1.[391,447,2294,2330]" captionTargetBox="[377,2135,442,2223]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="Fig. 1. Known distribution of species of Crenoicus in New South Wales and Victoria, Australia. Numbers within parentheses indicate the number of sites where specimens were found. Site numbers marked with an asterisk indicate overlapping sites, only one symbol shown in figure. Plus symbols may also overlap." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4654872" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4654872/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
|
).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
</treatment>
|
|
</document> |