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<mods:title id="977DD371F1551FC9BC1A536A7CEBE156">On Gonorynchus, Gonorhynchus, Gonorinchus, Gonorhinchus and Gonorrhynchus, and some other names of labeonine fishes (Teleostei: Gonorynchidae and Cyprinidae)</mods:title>
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<paragraph id="8BF636A9FF97F34EDDEC901DFDF13D6A" blockId="1.[151,578,1878,1904]" box="[151,578,1878,1904]" pageId="1" pageNumber="444">
<heading id="D0BE81C5FF97F34EDDEC901DFDF13D6A" bold="true" box="[151,578,1878,1904]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="444" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="4C494D2AFF97F34EDDDA901DFD8F3D6A" authority="McClelland, 1838" authorityName="McClelland" authorityYear="1838" box="[161,572,1878,1904]" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Gonorhynchus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="1" pageNumber="444" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B93DEABBFF97F34EDDDA901DFEE53D6A" bold="true" box="[161,342,1878,1904]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="444">Gonorhynchus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFD84B58FF97F34EDC27901DFD8F3D6A" author="McClelland" box="[348,572,1878,1904]" pageId="1" pageNumber="444" refString="McClelland, J. (1838) Observations on six new species of Cyprinidae, with an outline of a new classification of the family. Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal, 7 (2), 941 - 948, pls. 55 - 56." type="journal article" year="1838">McClelland, 1838</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF636A9FF97F34DDDEC90D6FA8F3AE2" blockId="1.[151,1436,1949,2010]" lastBlockId="2.[151,1437,151,824]" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="445" pageId="1" pageNumber="444">
<materialsCitation id="3B213CF4FF97F34DDDEC90D6FA8F3AE2" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1324201469" country="India" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="445" location="South Asian" pageId="1" pageNumber="444" specimenCount="1">
M'Clelland (1839) published a monograph of the
<taxonomicName id="4C494D2AFF97F34EDFBE90D6FCF23DAC" box="[709,833,1949,1974]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cyprinidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="1" pageNumber="444" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Cyprinidae</taxonomicName>
of
<collectingCountry id="F35E7639FF97F34EDE1390D6FC173DAC" box="[872,932,1949,1974]" name="India" pageId="1" pageNumber="444">India</collectingCountry>
, which included a new classification. Earlier (
<bibRefCitation id="EFD84B58FF97F34EDDE5908AFED53DC0" author="McClelland" box="[158,358,1985,2010]" pageId="1" pageNumber="444" refString="McClelland, J. (1838) Observations on six new species of Cyprinidae, with an outline of a new classification of the family. Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal, 7 (2), 941 - 948, pls. 55 - 56." type="journal article" year="1838">McClelland 1838</bibRefCitation>
), he published a summary of his new classification in which he used the name
<taxonomicName id="4C494D2AFF97F34ED9AB908AFAC63DC0" box="[1232,1397,1985,2010]" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Gonorhynchus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="1" pageNumber="444" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B93DEABBFF97F34ED9AB908AFAC63DC0" box="[1232,1397,1985,2010]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="444">Gonorhynchus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
for some
<taxonomicName id="4C494D2AFF94F34DDDA397DCFEE73AAA" box="[216,340,151,176]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cyprinidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="445" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Cyprinidae</taxonomicName>
of
<collectingCountry id="F35E7639FF94F34DDC0297DCFE053AAA" box="[377,438,151,176]" name="India" pageId="2" pageNumber="445">India</collectingCountry>
. This has often been considered as the creation of a new genus name. No nominal species were mentioned in the 1838 paper. If this were a new name, a
<taxonomicName id="4C494D2AFF94F34DDE2897F7FB7E3ACE" authority="McClelland, 1838" authorityName="McClelland" authorityYear="1838" box="[851,1229,188,213]" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Gonorhynchus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="445" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B93DEABBFF94F34DDE2897F7FC443ACF" box="[851,1015,188,213]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="445">Gonorhynchus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFD84B58FF94F34DDE8597F7FB7E3ACE" author="McClelland" box="[1022,1229,188,213]" pageId="2" pageNumber="445" refString="McClelland, J. (1838) Observations on six new species of Cyprinidae, with an outline of a new classification of the family. Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal, 7 (2), 941 - 948, pls. 55 - 56." type="journal article" year="1838">McClelland, 1838</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
would be a junior homonym of
<taxonomicName id="4C494D2AFF94F34DDC559794FDD93AE2" authority="Cuvier, 1816" authorityName="Cuvier" authorityYear="1816" box="[302,618,223,248]" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Gonorhynchus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="445" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B93DEABBFF94F34DDC559794FE613AE2" box="[302,466,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="445">Gonorhynchus</emphasis>
Cuvier, 1816
</taxonomicName>
and therefore not available for the
<location id="8E966072FF94F34DDE8F9794FBCD3AE2" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E087BFFF97F34DDDEC901DFC8E3922:8E966072FF94F34DDE8F9794FBCD3AE2" box="[1012,1150,223,248]" country="India" name="South Asian" pageId="2" pageNumber="445">South Asian</location>
<taxonomicName id="4C494D2AFF94F34DD9F59794FA9F3AE2" box="[1166,1324,223,248]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Crossocheilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="445" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B93DEABBFF94F34DD9F59794FA9F3AE2" box="[1166,1324,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="445">Crossocheilus</emphasis>
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.
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<subSubSection id="C3536522FF94F34DDDBC964EFC8E3922" pageId="2" pageNumber="445" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BF636A9FF94F34DDDBC964EFB143B7F" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,824]" pageId="2" pageNumber="445">
But McClelland did not create a new name. His comment (
<bibRefCitation id="EFD84B58FF94F34DDE0D964FFBC83B06" author="McClelland" box="[886,1147,260,285]" pageId="2" pageNumber="445" refString="McClelland, J. (1838) Observations on six new species of Cyprinidae, with an outline of a new classification of the family. Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal, 7 (2), 941 - 948, pls. 55 - 56." type="journal article" year="1838">McClelland 1838: 942</bibRefCitation>
) “this peculiar group [of
<taxonomicName id="4C494D2AFF94F34DDDEC966CFEA43B5A" box="[151,279,295,320]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cyprinidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="445" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Cyprinidae</taxonomicName>
] which I have incorporated with the genus
<taxonomicName id="4C494D2AFF94F34DDE7A966CFC163B5A" box="[769,933,295,320]" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Gonorhynchus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="445" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B93DEABBFF94F34DDE7A966CFC163B5A" box="[769,933,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="445">Gonorhynchus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
...” explicitly indicates that “this group” was added to a pre-existing
<taxonomicName id="4C494D2AFF94F34DDCE69607FDF13B7F" box="[413,578,332,357]" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Gonorhynchus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="445" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B93DEABBFF94F34DDCE69607FDF13B7F" box="[413,578,332,357]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="445">Gonorhynchus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
that can only have been that of Gronovius and Cuvier.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF636A9FF94F34DDDBC963BFB713BEE" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,824]" pageId="2" pageNumber="445">
In the monograph, M'Clelland (1839: 366) explicitly stated that
<taxonomicName id="4C494D2AFF94F34DDEE29624FB8D3B92" box="[921,1086,367,392]" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Gonorhynchus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="445" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B93DEABBFF94F34DDEE29624FB8D3B92" box="[921,1086,367,392]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="445">Gonorhynchus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
had been “formed by the elder Gronovius ... from a single species found at the Cape of Good Hope”. He also mentioned (p. 261) “
<taxonomicName id="4C494D2AFF94F34DD98C96DFFF6F3BCA" authority="Gron." authorityName="Gron." family="Cyprinidae" genus="Gonorhynchus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="445" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B93DEABBFF94F34DD98C96DFFA283BB7" box="[1271,1435,404,429]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="445">Gonorhynchus</emphasis>
Gron.
</taxonomicName>
”. It is clear that McClelland knew Cuvier's work, from either the 1816 or 1829 editions (with quasi identical text), because he cited it many times, starting on the first page of the 1839 monograph (p. 217).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF636A9FF94F34DDDBC954BFA96389E" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,824]" pageId="2" pageNumber="445">
In conclusion, there is no such thing as a
<taxonomicName id="4C494D2AFF94F34DDF9196B4FBC63802" authority="McClelland, 1838" authorityName="McClelland" authorityYear="1838" box="[746,1141,511,536]" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Gonorhynchus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="445" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B93DEABBFF94F34DDF9196B4FC3C3802" box="[746,911,511,536]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="445">Gonorhynchus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFD84B58FF94F34DDEE696B4FBC63802" author="McClelland" box="[925,1141,511,536]" pageId="2" pageNumber="445" refString="McClelland, J. (1838) Observations on six new species of Cyprinidae, with an outline of a new classification of the family. Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal, 7 (2), 941 - 948, pls. 55 - 56." type="journal article" year="1838">McClelland, 1838</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
but merely a usage of
<taxonomicName id="4C494D2AFF94F34DDDEC956FFE6B3827" authority="Cuvier, 1816" authorityName="Cuvier" authorityYear="1816" box="[151,472,548,573]" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Gonorhynchus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="445" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B93DEABBFF94F34DDDEC956FFE8F3827" box="[151,316,548,573]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="445">Gonorhynchus</emphasis>
Cuvier, 1816
</taxonomicName>
by McClelland.
<taxonomicName id="4C494D2AFF94F34DDFDF956FFCFA3827" box="[676,841,548,573]" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Gonorhynchus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="445" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B93DEABBFF94F34DDFDF956FFCFA3827" box="[676,841,548,573]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="445">Gonorhynchus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
McClelland is listed as an available name in some nomenclators and synonymies (e.g.
<bibRefCitation id="EFD84B58FF94F34DDF4A950CFD73387A" author="Jordan" box="[561,704,583,608]" pageId="2" pageNumber="445" refString="Jordan, D. S. (1919) The genera of fishes, part II, from Agassiz to Bleeker, 1833 - 1858, twenty-six years, with the accepted type of each. A contribution to the stability of scientific nomenclature. Leland Stanford Jr. University Publications, University Series, 36, i - ix + 163 - 284 + i - xiii." type="journal article" year="1919">Jordan 1919</bibRefCitation>
: 194;
<bibRefCitation id="EFD84B58FF94F34DDE73950CFC7A387A" author="Eschmeyer" box="[776,969,583,608]" pageId="2" pageNumber="445" refString="Eschmeyer, W. N. (Ed.) (1998) Catalog of fishes. 3 Vols. California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco, 2905 pp." type="book" year="1998">Eschmeyer 1998</bibRefCitation>
: 1952;
<bibRefCitation id="EFD84B58FF94F34DD965950CFB0E387A" author="Kottelat" box="[1054,1213,583,608]" pageId="2" pageNumber="445" refString="Kottelat, M. (2013) The fishes of inland waters of Southeast Asia: a catalogue and core bibliography of the fishes known to occur in freshwaters, mangroves and estuaries. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, Supplement, 27, 1 - 663." type="journal article" year="2013">Kottelat 2013</bibRefCitation>
: 89) but it does not seem to have been used as the name of a valid genus between M'Clelland (1839) and Yang
<emphasis id="B93DEABBFF94F34DD9EF9526FB77389F" box="[1172,1220,620,645]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="445">et al</emphasis>
. (2012).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF636A9FF94F34DDDBC95DBFC8E3922" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,824]" pageId="2" pageNumber="445">
[A reviewer commented that alternatively McClelland may have referred directly to Gronovius and (like Cuvier) corrected the spelling of the name. The likelihood that a copy of a book as rare as
<bibRefCitation id="EFD84B58FF94F34DD9E495FFFADB38D7" author="Gronovius" box="[1183,1384,692,717]" pageId="2" pageNumber="445" refString="Gronovius, L. T. (1763 - 1764) Zoophylacii Gronoviani fasciculus primus exhibens animalia quadrupeda, amphibia atque pisces, quae in museo suo adservat, rite examinavit, systematice disposuit, descripsit atque iconibus illustravit Laur. Theod. Gronovius. Sumptibus auctoris [published by author], Lugduni Batavorum [Leiden], 1 (1763), 1 - 140, pls. 1 - 17; 2 (1764), 141 - 236." type="journal article" year="1763">Gronovius (1763)</bibRefCitation>
was available to McClelland in Calcutta in 1838 seems slight, although not impossible. In any event, if that hypothesis were accepted, it would not change the present outcome since a
<taxonomicName id="4C494D2AFF94F34DDEFA95B7FB48390E" authority="McClelland, 1838" authorityName="McClelland" authorityYear="1838" box="[897,1275,764,789]" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Gonorhynchus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="445" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B93DEABBFF94F34DDEFA95B7FB95390F" box="[897,1062,764,789]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="445">Gonorhynchus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFD84B58FF94F34DD95595B7FB48390E" author="McClelland" box="[1070,1275,764,789]" pageId="2" pageNumber="445" refString="McClelland, J. (1838) Observations on six new species of Cyprinidae, with an outline of a new classification of the family. Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal, 7 (2), 941 - 948, pls. 55 - 56." type="journal article" year="1838">McClelland, 1838</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
would in any event be a junior homonym of
<taxonomicName id="4C494D2AFF94F34DDC8B9454FC813922" authority="Cuvier, 1816" authorityName="Cuvier" authorityYear="1816" box="[496,818,799,824]" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Gonorhynchus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="445" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B93DEABBFF94F34DDC8B9454FD263922" box="[496,661,799,824]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="445">Gonorhynchus</emphasis>
Cuvier, 1816
</taxonomicName>
.]
</paragraph>
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