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<document id="F985A70F108029627F70A1F3CCB871AB" ID-CLB-Dataset="275767" ID-DOI="10.1080/002229300299327" ID-GBIF-Dataset="8be52cf5-e30e-4586-88e5-3f7bdc4ddd73" ID-ISSN="1464-5262" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1620672818352" checkinUser="carolina" docAuthor="Robinson, M. Warwick J." docDate="2000" docId="03E087A7FF84FFFDFEC9FC54DC17343F" docLanguage="en" docName="JNATHIST.34.641-662.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Journal of Natural History 34" docStyle="DocumentStyle:B3570C21952C5CF44265488F0CE432D6.2:JNatHist.2003-2004.journal_article.2cover" docStyleId="B3570C21952C5CF44265488F0CE432D6" docStyleName="JNatHist.2003-2004.journal_article.2cover" docStyleVersion="2" docTitle="Pontonema mediterranea Robinson, 2000, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="659" masterDocId="FFD9FFDFFF97FFE8FFB8FFDFDE203152" masterDocTitle="Sibling species in the marine pollution indicator genus Pontonema (Nematoda: Oncholaimidae), with a description of mediterranea sp. nov." masterLastPageNumber="662" masterPageNumber="641" pageNumber="658" updateTime="1698940764751" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
<mods:mods id="231D0805B11264366E64012A4E5DB3D8" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="0DBCD2B6AA745E2A1C422F3AA1986D1F">
<mods:title id="9826ACE483892A14027DAE9FB3D9D60C">Sibling species in the marine pollution indicator genus Pontonema (Nematoda: Oncholaimidae), with a description of mediterranea sp. nov.</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="BFD7F23FD697E50BE01386B3D3CD0A37" type="personal">
<mods:role id="3AE8AED466CAA78236D5D215FEF2C279">
<mods:roleTerm id="78EA228A0045D0BB3824C16656F31DEA">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="06837ECC4C935A5BCF8C91886C57F27E">Robinson, M. Warwick J.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="3ED0ED8866960A411CE7F6A5812D8A82">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo id="BEACCAC36E181AE6223AC89FC62BA68D">
<mods:title id="D2CA63FF0C243C5E94CE8A2F2683CCFF">Journal of Natural History</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="381E047D246BA5773F917BD76D358354">
<mods:date id="2F9B41AF1851CF1F2CF1F23DA8B25926">2000</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="DE2B727F12A6E7C3350E1A812F58FBD1" type="pubDate">
<mods:number id="24A2E02847DFC7B6D41B0AF53F8B946C">2020-12-03</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="82D7BB87BB94DD62B29564C0EA98B530" type="volume">
<mods:number id="E2141E61C9AC79A0F6368414D46B31B6">34</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent id="A27A0E5662C5DCB7A5D58EC8D74479CF" unit="page">
<mods:start id="6E17AD9084C024DBC59C0B8487F592D9">641</mods:start>
<mods:end id="23C0836AF975C74654390DE5EC5497C6">662</mods:end>
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<mods:classification id="A2F80D8FCF028D2FFCF46E2C72E1BC4C">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="616498574E3F263D25DEF5685FE12BED" type="CLB-Dataset">275767</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="79A5B3666D354242FC74E1357158C1C8" type="DOI">10.1080/002229300299327</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="529A75C5DCB2CC4E466FA47670AD826A" type="GBIF-Dataset">8be52cf5-e30e-4586-88e5-3f7bdc4ddd73</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="154F2B01D9555171079E54A8C5E8F502" type="ISSN">1464-5262</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="03E087A7FF84FFFDFEC9FC54DC17343F" ID-GBIF-Taxon="216225482" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E087A7FF84FFFDFEC9FC54DC17343F" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E087A7FF84FFFDFEC9FC54DC17343F" lastPageId="21" lastPageNumber="659" pageId="19" pageNumber="658">
<subSubSection id="C353653AFF84FFFBFEC9FC54DCC932F1" box="[369,745,907,931]" pageId="19" pageNumber="658" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BF636B1FF84FFFBFEC9FC54DCC932F1" blockId="19.[369,745,907,931]" box="[369,745,907,931]" pageId="19" pageNumber="658">
<heading id="D0BE81DDFF84FFFBFEC9FC54DCC932F1" box="[369,745,907,931]" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="19" pageNumber="658" reason="3">
<taxonomicName id="4C494D32FF84FFFBFEC9FC54DCA632F1" authorityName="Warwick &amp; Robinson" authorityYear="2000" box="[369,646,907,931]" class="Adenophorea" family="Oncholaimidae" genus="Pontonema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enoplida" pageId="19" pageNumber="658" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="mediterranea" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B93DEAA3FF84FFFBFEC9FC54DCA632F1" bold="true" box="[369,646,907,931]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="658">Pontonema mediterranea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20E57D8FF84FFFBFD37FC53DCC932F1" box="[655,745,908,931]" pageId="19" pageNumber="658" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C353653AFF84FFFDFFF7FC13DC17343F" lastPageId="21" lastPageNumber="660" pageId="19" pageNumber="658" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BF636B1FF84FFFBFFF7FC13DECC32B1" blockId="19.[79,1035,971,1059]" box="[79,236,971,995]" pageId="19" pageNumber="658">
<emphasis id="B93DEAA3FF84FFFBFFF7FC13DECC32B1" box="[79,236,971,995]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="658">Type material</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF636B1FF84FFFBFFC0FC34DD993570" blockId="19.[79,1035,971,1059]" pageId="19" pageNumber="658">
<typeStatus id="54F28813FF84FFFBFFC0FC34DEC33551" box="[120,227,1003,1027]" pageId="19" pageNumber="658" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
male, British Museum (Natural History) registration number 1999.880;
<typeStatus id="54F28813FF84FFFBFFF7FBD4DE9D3571" box="[79,189,1035,1059]" pageId="19" pageNumber="658" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
<specimenCount id="9D4FFD38FF84FFFBFF7EFBD4DF1F3571" box="[198,319,1035,1059]" pageId="19" pageNumber="658" type="male">four males</specimenCount>
and
<specimenCount id="9D4FFD38FF84FFFBFEC4FBD4DC313571" box="[380,529,1035,1059]" pageId="19" pageNumber="658" type="female">eight females</specimenCount>
, registration numbers 1999.881 ±890.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF636B1FF84FFFBFFF7FB93DEC23531" blockId="19.[79,1035,1099,1314]" box="[79,226,1099,1123]" pageId="19" pageNumber="658">
<emphasis id="B93DEAA3FF84FFFBFFF7FB93DEC23531" box="[79,226,1099,1123]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="658">Type locality</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF636B1FF84FFFBFFC0FBB5DDB43470" blockId="19.[79,1035,1099,1314]" pageId="19" pageNumber="658">
<materialsCitation id="3B213CECFF84FFFBFFC0FBB5DDB03470" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4433949301" country="France" county="Paris Museum of Natural History" location="Blanes Bay" municipality="North Western Mediterranean Sea" pageId="19" pageNumber="658" specimenCount="1">
<location id="8E96606AFF84FFFBFFC0FBB5DED635D1" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E087A7FF84FFFDFEC9FC54DC17343F:8E96606AFF84FFFBFFC0FBB5DED635D1" box="[120,246,1130,1155]" country="France" county="Paris Museum of Natural History" municipality="North Western Mediterranean Sea" name="Blanes Bay" pageId="19" pageNumber="658">Blanes Bay</location>
in the
<collectingMunicipality id="6B92ACCBFF84FFFBFEF1FBB5DCF335D0" box="[329,723,1130,1154]" pageId="19" pageNumber="658">North Western Mediterranean Sea</collectingMunicipality>
(41ss40’ N, 2ss48’ E). Details of the
<typeStatus id="54F28813FF84FFFBFF24FB54DEED35F1" box="[156,205,1163,1187]" pageId="19" pageNumber="658">type</typeStatus>
locality are provided under the site descriptions earlier in this paper. A second population of
<taxonomicName id="4C494D32FF84FFFBFEF5FB74DFDF3590" authorityName="Warwick &amp; Robinson" authorityYear="2000" box="[333,511,1194,1218]" class="Adenophorea" family="Oncholaimidae" genus="Pontonema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enoplida" pageId="19" pageNumber="658" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="mediterranea" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B93DEAA3FF84FFFBFEF5FB74DFDF3590" box="[333,511,1194,1218]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="658">P. mediterranea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20E57D8FF84FFFBFDB0FB74DC443590" box="[520,612,1195,1218]" pageId="19" pageNumber="658" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
has also been sampled from a canal in SeÁte, south-west
<collectingCountry id="F35E7621FF84FFFBFE8BFB14DFA135B0" box="[307,385,1227,1250]" name="France" pageId="19" pageNumber="658">France</collectingCountry>
. All known details of this locality are also documented earlier. Specimens from this population are available in both the authors’ collection, and in the
<collectingCounty id="62974E3DFF84FFFBFF75FAD5DC743470" box="[205,596,1290,1314]" pageId="19" pageNumber="658">Paris Museum of Natural History</collectingCounty>
identi®ed as
<taxonomicName id="4C494D32FF84FFFBFD57FAD4DDB03470" box="[751,912,1291,1314]" class="Adenophorea" family="Oncholaimidae" genus="Pontonema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enoplida" pageId="19" pageNumber="658" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="B93DEAA3FF84FFFBFD57FAD4DD483470" box="[751,872,1291,1314]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="658">Pontonema</emphasis>
sp
</taxonomicName>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF636B1FF84FFFBFFF7FA95DC2734D3" blockId="19.[79,519,1354,1409]" box="[79,519,1354,1409]" pageId="19" pageNumber="658">
<emphasis id="B93DEAA3FF84FFFBFFF7FA95DECE3433" box="[79,238,1354,1377]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="658">Measurements</emphasis>
Measurements are given in table 8.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF636B1FF84FFFBFFF7FA75DEED3493" blockId="19.[79,1035,1450,1696]" box="[79,205,1450,1473]" pageId="19" pageNumber="658">
<emphasis id="B93DEAA3FF84FFFBFFF7FA75DEED3493" box="[79,205,1450,1473]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="658">Description</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF636B1FF84FFFCFFC0FA16DE9E32A5" blockId="19.[79,1035,1450,1696]" lastBlockId="20.[79,1035,774,1573]" lastPageId="20" lastPageNumber="659" pageId="19" pageNumber="658">
All observations are limited to light microscopy.
<taxonomicName id="4C494D32FF84FFFBFD06FA15DDF534B3" authorityName="Warwick &amp; Robinson" authorityYear="2000" box="[702,981,1481,1505]" class="Adenophorea" family="Oncholaimidae" genus="Pontonema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enoplida" pageId="19" pageNumber="658" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="mediterranea">
<emphasis id="B93DEAA3FF84FFFBFD06FA15DDF534B3" box="[702,981,1481,1505]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="658">Pontonema mediterranea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a very large nematode, up to
<quantity id="4CB19B54FF84FFFBFE31FA36DFF33752" box="[393,467,1513,1537]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.1" pageId="19" pageNumber="658" unit="mm" value="21.0">21 mm</quantity>
in length, with maximum diameter at mid-length. Coloration of preserved specimens is yellow/brown in males, and also in gravid and non-gravid females. The cuticle is smooth in appearance with scattered somatic setae. Head truncate with rounded margins, furnished with six short (
<emphasis id="B93DEAA3FF84FFFBFC1DF995DD9E3733" box="[933,958,1610,1633]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="658">ca</emphasis>
3
<emphasis id="B93DEAA3FF84FFFBFC65F996DDCB3733" box="[989,1003,1609,1633]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="658">M</emphasis>
m) papilliform labial sensilla and 10 long (
<emphasis id="B93DEAA3FF84FFFBFD9FF9B5DC6037D3" box="[551,576,1642,1665]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="658">ca</emphasis>
12
<emphasis id="B93DEAA3FF84FFFBFDD3F9B6DC5937D3" box="[619,633,1641,1665]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="658">M</emphasis>
m) cephalic sensilla. Amphids not discernible under light microscopy. Eight ®les of cervical setae present between buccal cavity and nerve ring, but variable in number and position. Walls of buccal cavity well-cuticularized. Located in the anterior region of the buccal cavity is one dorsal tooth, slightly anterior to which are two, equal, subventral teeth. Nerve ring
<emphasis id="B93DEAA3FF83FFFCFFF7FCBBDE483229" box="[79,104,868,891]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="659">ca</emphasis>
36% of oesophagus length from anterior. Excretory pore
<emphasis id="B93DEAA3FF83FFFCFC97FCBBDD683229" box="[815,840,868,891]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="659">ca</emphasis>
3 buccal cavity lengths from anterior, but not clearly visible in most specimens. No oesophageal bulbs present. Ventral glands posterior to oesophago-intestina l join. Tail is short and rounded, containing three caudal glands leading to a well-developed terminal spinneret.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF366639FF83FFFCFFF7FF54DC783184" pageId="20" pageNumber="659" startId="20.[79,136,139,161]">
<paragraph id="8BF636B1FF83FFFCFFF7FF54DC783184" blockId="20.[79,1035,139,214]" pageId="20" pageNumber="659">
Table 8. Lower (L), median (M), and upper (U) values of morphometric data for 20 males and 20 females (10 of each from the Blanes and SeÁte populations). Units are micrometres (
<emphasis id="B93DEAA3FF83FFFCFE97FF1FDF1C3184" box="[303,316,192,214]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="659">M</emphasis>
m), except where indicated.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BF636B1FF83FFFCFDBEFF2ADA29339D" pageId="20" pageNumber="659">
<table id="F949C411FF830017FFF7FF2ADA29339D" box="[79,1033,245,719]" gridcols="7" gridrows="16" pageId="20" pageNumber="659">
<tr id="357934F3FF830017FFF7FF2ADA293059" box="[79,1033,245,267]" gridrow="0" pageId="20" pageNumber="659" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-6="1">
<th id="76A85D8FFF830017FDBCFF2ADC673059" box="[516,583,245,267]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="20" pageNumber="659">Males</th>
<th id="76A85D8FFF830017FCF2FF2ADDBD3059" box="[842,925,245,267]" gridcol="5" gridrow="0" pageId="20" pageNumber="659">Females</th>
</tr>
<tr id="357934F3FF830017FFF7FEF5DA293012" box="[79,1033,298,320]" gridrow="1" pageId="20" pageNumber="659">
<th id="76A85D8FFF830017FFF7FEF5DF763012" box="[79,342,298,320]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="20" pageNumber="659">Characters</th>
<td id="76A85D8FFF830017FE2FFEF5DFFA3012" box="[407,474,298,320]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="20" pageNumber="659">L</td>
<td id="76A85D8FFF830017FDBCFEF5DC673012" box="[516,583,298,320]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="20" pageNumber="659">M</td>
<td id="76A85D8FFF830017FDC9FEF5DC943012" box="[625,692,298,320]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="20" pageNumber="659">U</td>
<td id="76A85D8FFF830017FD5EFEF5DD073012" box="[742,807,298,320]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="20" pageNumber="659">L</td>
<td id="76A85D8FFF830017FCF2FEF5DDBD3012" box="[842,925,298,320]" gridcol="5" gridrow="1" pageId="20" pageNumber="659">M</td>
<td id="76A85D8FFF830017FC0FFEF5DA293012" box="[951,1033,298,320]" gridcol="6" gridrow="1" pageId="20" pageNumber="659">U</td>
</tr>
<tr id="357934F3FF830017FFF7FEBFDA293024" box="[79,1033,352,374]" gridrow="2" pageId="20" pageNumber="659">
<th id="76A85D8FFF830017FFF7FEBFDF763024" box="[79,342,352,374]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="20" pageNumber="659">Body length (mm)</th>
<td id="76A85D8FFF830017FE2FFEBFDFFA3024" box="[407,474,352,374]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="20" pageNumber="659">11.7</td>
<td id="76A85D8FFF830017FDBCFEBFDC673024" box="[516,583,352,374]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="20" pageNumber="659">15.5</td>
<td id="76A85D8FFF830017FDC9FEBFDC943024" box="[625,692,352,374]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="20" pageNumber="659">19.2</td>
<td id="76A85D8FFF830017FD5EFEBFDD073024" box="[742,807,352,374]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="20" pageNumber="659">12</td>
<td id="76A85D8FFF830017FCF2FEBFDDBD3024" box="[842,925,352,374]" gridcol="5" gridrow="2" pageId="20" pageNumber="659">16.4</td>
<td id="76A85D8FFF830017FC0FFEBFDA293024" box="[951,1033,352,374]" gridcol="6" gridrow="2" pageId="20" pageNumber="659">21</td>
</tr>
<tr id="357934F3FF830017FFF7FEA5DA2930C2" box="[79,1033,378,400]" gridrow="3" pageId="20" pageNumber="659">
<th id="76A85D8FFF830017FFF7FEA5DF7630C2" box="[79,342,378,400]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="20" pageNumber="659">Maximum body diameter</th>
<td id="76A85D8FFF830017FE2FFEA5DFFA30C2" box="[407,474,378,400]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="20" pageNumber="659">170</td>
<td id="76A85D8FFF830017FDBCFEA5DC6730C2" box="[516,583,378,400]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="20" pageNumber="659">220</td>
<td id="76A85D8FFF830017FDC9FEA5DC9430C2" box="[625,692,378,400]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="20" pageNumber="659">295</td>
<td id="76A85D8FFF830017FD5EFEA5DD0730C2" box="[742,807,378,400]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="20" pageNumber="659">190</td>
<td id="76A85D8FFF830017FCF2FEA5DDBD30C2" box="[842,925,378,400]" gridcol="5" gridrow="3" pageId="20" pageNumber="659">213</td>
<td id="76A85D8FFF830017FC0FFEA5DA2930C2" box="[951,1033,378,400]" gridcol="6" gridrow="3" pageId="20" pageNumber="659">255</td>
</tr>
<tr id="357934F3FF830017FFF7FE4ADA2930F9" box="[79,1033,405,427]" gridrow="4" pageId="20" pageNumber="659">
<th id="76A85D8FFF830017FFF7FE4ADF7630F9" box="[79,342,405,427]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="20" pageNumber="659">Oesophagus length</th>
<td id="76A85D8FFF830017FE2FFE4ADFFA30F9" box="[407,474,405,427]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="20" pageNumber="659">1100</td>
<td id="76A85D8FFF830017FDBCFE4ADC6730F9" box="[516,583,405,427]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="20" pageNumber="659">1475</td>
<td id="76A85D8FFF830017FDC9FE4ADC9430F9" box="[625,692,405,427]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="20" pageNumber="659">1650</td>
<td id="76A85D8FFF830017FD5EFE4ADD0730F9" box="[742,807,405,427]" gridcol="4" gridrow="4" pageId="20" pageNumber="659">1290</td>
<td id="76A85D8FFF830017FCF2FE4ADDBD30F9" box="[842,925,405,427]" gridcol="5" gridrow="4" pageId="20" pageNumber="659">1405</td>
<td id="76A85D8FFF830017FC0FFE4ADA2930F9" box="[951,1033,405,427]" gridcol="6" gridrow="4" pageId="20" pageNumber="659">1675</td>
</tr>
<tr id="357934F3FF830017FFF7FE70DA293097" box="[79,1033,431,453]" gridrow="5" pageId="20" pageNumber="659">
<th id="76A85D8FFF830017FFF7FE70DF763097" box="[79,342,431,453]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="20" pageNumber="659">Buccal cavity length</th>
<td id="76A85D8FFF830017FE2FFE70DFFA3097" box="[407,474,431,453]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="20" pageNumber="659">86</td>
<td id="76A85D8FFF830017FDBCFE70DC673097" box="[516,583,431,453]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="20" pageNumber="659">97</td>
<td id="76A85D8FFF830017FDC9FE70DC943097" box="[625,692,431,453]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="20" pageNumber="659">105</td>
<td id="76A85D8FFF830017FD5EFE70DD073097" box="[742,807,431,453]" gridcol="4" gridrow="5" pageId="20" pageNumber="659">94</td>
<td id="76A85D8FFF830017FCF2FE70DDBD3097" box="[842,925,431,453]" gridcol="5" gridrow="5" pageId="20" pageNumber="659">99</td>
<td id="76A85D8FFF830017FC0FFE70DA293097" box="[951,1033,431,453]" gridcol="6" gridrow="5" pageId="20" pageNumber="659">105</td>
</tr>
<tr id="357934F3FF830017FFF7FE15DA2930B2" box="[79,1033,458,480]" gridrow="6" pageId="20" pageNumber="659">
<th id="76A85D8FFF830017FFF7FE15DF7630B2" box="[79,342,458,480]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="20" pageNumber="659">Head diameter</th>
<td id="76A85D8FFF830017FE2FFE15DFFA30B2" box="[407,474,458,480]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="20" pageNumber="659">68</td>
<td id="76A85D8FFF830017FDBCFE15DC6730B2" box="[516,583,458,480]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="20" pageNumber="659">73</td>
<td id="76A85D8FFF830017FDC9FE15DC9430B2" box="[625,692,458,480]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="20" pageNumber="659">84</td>
<td id="76A85D8FFF830017FD5EFE15DD0730B2" box="[742,807,458,480]" gridcol="4" gridrow="6" pageId="20" pageNumber="659">66</td>
<td id="76A85D8FFF830017FCF2FE15DDBD30B2" box="[842,925,458,480]" gridcol="5" gridrow="6" pageId="20" pageNumber="659">74</td>
<td id="76A85D8FFF830017FC0FFE15DA2930B2" box="[951,1033,458,480]" gridcol="6" gridrow="6" pageId="20" pageNumber="659">84</td>
</tr>
<tr id="357934F3FF830017FFF7FE3BDA2930A8" box="[79,1033,484,506]" gridrow="7" pageId="20" pageNumber="659">
<th id="76A85D8FFF830017FFF7FE3BDF7630A8" box="[79,342,484,506]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="20" pageNumber="659">Buccal cavity diameter</th>
<td id="76A85D8FFF830017FE2FFE3BDFFA30A8" box="[407,474,484,506]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="20" pageNumber="659">48</td>
<td id="76A85D8FFF830017FDBCFE3BDC6730A8" box="[516,583,484,506]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="20" pageNumber="659">51</td>
<td id="76A85D8FFF830017FDC9FE3BDC9430A8" box="[625,692,484,506]" gridcol="3" gridrow="7" pageId="20" pageNumber="659">56</td>
<td id="76A85D8FFF830017FD5EFE3BDD0730A8" box="[742,807,484,506]" gridcol="4" gridrow="7" pageId="20" pageNumber="659">46</td>
<td id="76A85D8FFF830017FCF2FE3BDDBD30A8" box="[842,925,484,506]" gridcol="5" gridrow="7" pageId="20" pageNumber="659">52</td>
<td id="76A85D8FFF830017FC0FFE3BDA2930A8" box="[951,1033,484,506]" gridcol="6" gridrow="7" pageId="20" pageNumber="659">58</td>
</tr>
<tr id="357934F3FF830017FFF7FE20DA293347" box="[79,1033,511,533]" gridrow="8" pageId="20" pageNumber="659">
<th id="76A85D8FFF830017FFF7FE20DF763347" box="[79,342,511,533]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="20" pageNumber="659">Tail length</th>
<td id="76A85D8FFF830017FE2FFE20DFFA3347" box="[407,474,511,533]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="20" pageNumber="659">130</td>
<td id="76A85D8FFF830017FDBCFE20DC673347" box="[516,583,511,533]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="20" pageNumber="659">155</td>
<td id="76A85D8FFF830017FDC9FE20DC943347" box="[625,692,511,533]" gridcol="3" gridrow="8" pageId="20" pageNumber="659">205</td>
<td id="76A85D8FFF830017FD5EFE20DD073347" box="[742,807,511,533]" gridcol="4" gridrow="8" pageId="20" pageNumber="659">145</td>
<td id="76A85D8FFF830017FCF2FE20DDBD3347" box="[842,925,511,533]" gridcol="5" gridrow="8" pageId="20" pageNumber="659">175</td>
<td id="76A85D8FFF830017FC0FFE20DA293347" box="[951,1033,511,533]" gridcol="6" gridrow="8" pageId="20" pageNumber="659">225</td>
</tr>
<tr id="357934F3FF830017FFF7FDC6DA29337D" box="[79,1033,537,559]" gridrow="9" pageId="20" pageNumber="659">
<th id="76A85D8FFF830017FFF7FDC6DF76337D" box="[79,342,537,559]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="20" pageNumber="659">Anal body diameter</th>
<td id="76A85D8FFF830017FE2FFDC6DFFA337D" box="[407,474,537,559]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="20" pageNumber="659">120</td>
<td id="76A85D8FFF830017FDBCFDC6DC67337D" box="[516,583,537,559]" gridcol="2" gridrow="9" pageId="20" pageNumber="659">135</td>
<td id="76A85D8FFF830017FDC9FDC6DC94337D" box="[625,692,537,559]" gridcol="3" gridrow="9" pageId="20" pageNumber="659">160</td>
<td id="76A85D8FFF830017FD5EFDC6DD07337D" box="[742,807,537,559]" gridcol="4" gridrow="9" pageId="20" pageNumber="659">84</td>
<td id="76A85D8FFF830017FCF2FDC6DDBD337D" box="[842,925,537,559]" gridcol="5" gridrow="9" pageId="20" pageNumber="659">117</td>
<td id="76A85D8FFF830017FC0FFDC6DA29337D" box="[951,1033,537,559]" gridcol="6" gridrow="9" pageId="20" pageNumber="659">150</td>
</tr>
<tr id="357934F3FF830017FFF7FDEBDA293318" box="[79,1033,564,586]" gridrow="10" pageId="20" pageNumber="659">
<th id="76A85D8FFF830017FFF7FDEBDF763318" box="[79,342,564,586]" gridcol="0" gridrow="10" pageId="20" pageNumber="659">Spicule length</th>
<td id="76A85D8FFF830017FE2FFDEBDFFA3318" box="[407,474,564,586]" gridcol="1" gridrow="10" pageId="20" pageNumber="659">155</td>
<td id="76A85D8FFF830017FDBCFDEBDC673318" box="[516,583,564,586]" gridcol="2" gridrow="10" pageId="20" pageNumber="659">170</td>
<td id="76A85D8FFF830017FDC9FDEBDC943318" box="[625,692,564,586]" gridcol="3" gridrow="10" pageId="20" pageNumber="659">205</td>
<td id="76A85D8FFF830017FD5EFDEBDD073318" box="[742,807,564,586]" gridcol="4" gridrow="10" pageId="20" pageNumber="659">Ð</td>
<td id="76A85D8FFF830017FCF2FDEBDDBD3318" box="[842,925,564,586]" gridcol="5" gridrow="10" pageId="20" pageNumber="659">Ð</td>
<td id="76A85D8FFF830017FC0FFDEBDA293318" box="[951,1033,564,586]" gridcol="6" gridrow="10" pageId="20" pageNumber="659">Ð</td>
</tr>
<tr id="357934F3FF830017FFF7FD91DA293336" box="[79,1033,590,612]" gridrow="11" pageId="20" pageNumber="659">
<th id="76A85D8FFF830017FFF7FD91DF763336" box="[79,342,590,612]" gridcol="0" gridrow="11" pageId="20" pageNumber="659">Anterior sensory ®eld to</th>
<td id="76A85D8FFF830017FE2FFD91DFFA3336" box="[407,474,590,612]" gridcol="1" gridrow="11" pageId="20" pageNumber="659">195</td>
<td id="76A85D8FFF830017FDBCFD91DC673336" box="[516,583,590,612]" gridcol="2" gridrow="11" pageId="20" pageNumber="659">223</td>
<td id="76A85D8FFF830017FDC9FD91DC943336" box="[625,692,590,612]" gridcol="3" gridrow="11" pageId="20" pageNumber="659">285</td>
<td id="76A85D8FFF830017FD5EFD91DD073336" box="[742,807,590,612]" gridcol="4" gridrow="11" pageId="20" pageNumber="659">Ð</td>
<td id="76A85D8FFF830017FCF2FD91DDBD3336" box="[842,925,590,612]" gridcol="5" gridrow="11" pageId="20" pageNumber="659">Ð</td>
<td id="76A85D8FFF830017FC0FFD91DA293336" box="[951,1033,590,612]" gridcol="6" gridrow="11" pageId="20" pageNumber="659">Ð</td>
</tr>
<tr id="357934F3FF830017FFF7FDB6DA29332D" box="[79,1033,617,639]" gridrow="12" pageId="20" pageNumber="659" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1" rowspan-6="1">
<th id="76A85D8FFF830017FFF7FDB6DF76332D" box="[79,342,617,639]" gridcol="0" gridrow="12" pageId="20" pageNumber="659">cloaca length</th>
</tr>
<tr id="357934F3FF830017FFF7FD5CDA2933CB" box="[79,1033,643,665]" gridrow="13" pageId="20" pageNumber="659">
<th id="76A85D8FFF830017FFF7FD5CDF7633CB" box="[79,342,643,665]" gridcol="0" gridrow="13" pageId="20" pageNumber="659">Gubernaculum length</th>
<td id="76A85D8FFF830017FE2FFD5CDFFA33CB" box="[407,474,643,665]" gridcol="1" gridrow="13" pageId="20" pageNumber="659">75</td>
<td id="76A85D8FFF830017FDBCFD5CDC6733CB" box="[516,583,643,665]" gridcol="2" gridrow="13" pageId="20" pageNumber="659">94</td>
<td id="76A85D8FFF830017FDC9FD5CDC9433CB" box="[625,692,643,665]" gridcol="3" gridrow="13" pageId="20" pageNumber="659">110</td>
<td id="76A85D8FFF830017FD5EFD5CDD0733CB" box="[742,807,643,665]" gridcol="4" gridrow="13" pageId="20" pageNumber="659">Ð</td>
<td id="76A85D8FFF830017FCF2FD5CDDBD33CB" box="[842,925,643,665]" gridcol="5" gridrow="13" pageId="20" pageNumber="659">Ð</td>
<td id="76A85D8FFF830017FC0FFD5CDA2933CB" box="[951,1033,643,665]" gridcol="6" gridrow="13" pageId="20" pageNumber="659">Ð</td>
</tr>
<tr id="357934F3FF830017FFF7FD41DA2933E6" box="[79,1033,670,692]" gridrow="14" pageId="20" pageNumber="659">
<th id="76A85D8FFF830017FFF7FD41DF7633E6" box="[79,342,670,692]" gridcol="0" gridrow="14" pageId="20" pageNumber="659">Vulva to anterior length</th>
<td id="76A85D8FFF830017FE2FFD41DFFA33E6" box="[407,474,670,692]" gridcol="1" gridrow="14" pageId="20" pageNumber="659">Ð</td>
<td id="76A85D8FFF830017FDBCFD41DC6733E6" box="[516,583,670,692]" gridcol="2" gridrow="14" pageId="20" pageNumber="659">Ð</td>
<td id="76A85D8FFF830017FDC9FD41DC9433E6" box="[625,692,670,692]" gridcol="3" gridrow="14" pageId="20" pageNumber="659">Ð</td>
<td id="76A85D8FFF830017FD5EFD41DD0733E6" box="[742,807,670,692]" gridcol="4" gridrow="14" pageId="20" pageNumber="659">6900</td>
<td id="76A85D8FFF830017FCF2FD41DDBD33E6" box="[842,925,670,692]" gridcol="5" gridrow="14" pageId="20" pageNumber="659">9050</td>
<td id="76A85D8FFF830017FC0FFD41DA2933E6" box="[951,1033,670,692]" gridcol="6" gridrow="14" pageId="20" pageNumber="659">11 120</td>
</tr>
<tr id="357934F3FF830017FFF7FD66DA29339D" box="[79,1033,697,719]" gridrow="15" pageId="20" pageNumber="659">
<th id="76A85D8FFF830017FFF7FD66DF76339D" box="[79,342,697,719]" gridcol="0" gridrow="15" pageId="20" pageNumber="659">Vulva (% body length)</th>
<td id="76A85D8FFF830017FE2FFD66DFFA339D" box="[407,474,697,719]" gridcol="1" gridrow="15" pageId="20" pageNumber="659">Ð</td>
<td id="76A85D8FFF830017FDBCFD66DC67339D" box="[516,583,697,719]" gridcol="2" gridrow="15" pageId="20" pageNumber="659">Ð</td>
<td id="76A85D8FFF830017FDC9FD66DC94339D" box="[625,692,697,719]" gridcol="3" gridrow="15" pageId="20" pageNumber="659">Ð</td>
<td id="76A85D8FFF830017FD5EFD66DD07339D" box="[742,807,697,719]" gridcol="4" gridrow="15" pageId="20" pageNumber="659">57.5</td>
<td id="76A85D8FFF830017FCF2FD66DDBD339D" box="[842,925,697,719]" gridcol="5" gridrow="15" pageId="20" pageNumber="659">55</td>
<td id="76A85D8FFF830017FC0FFD66DA29339D" box="[951,1033,697,719]" gridcol="6" gridrow="15" pageId="20" pageNumber="659">52.5</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF636B1FF83FFFCFFC0FC21DEC134B4" blockId="20.[79,1035,774,1573]" pageId="20" pageNumber="659">
<emphasis id="B93DEAA3FF83FFFCFFC0FC21DE9C3544" box="[120,188,1022,1046]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="659">Males</emphasis>
. Gonads di cult to interpret under light microscopy. Spicules equal, arcuate, and being thickest at mid-length, they are larger than observed in
<taxonomicName id="4C494D32FF83FFFCFC2BFBC2DA233567" baseAuthorityName="Bastian" baseAuthorityYear="1865" box="[915,1027,1053,1077]" class="Adenophorea" family="Oncholaimidae" genus="Pontonema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enoplida" pageId="20" pageNumber="659" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="vulgare">
<emphasis id="B93DEAA3FF83FFFCFC2BFBC2DA233567" box="[915,1027,1053,1077]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="659">P. vulgare</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Spicules shaped as illustrated in ®gure 5b. Although di cult to determine without dissection, gubernaculum appears to be a structure of three parts. Two ventral precloacal sensory ®elds present. First is located just anterior to cloaca, cuticularized and elevated from surrounding cuticle. Furnished with round-ended papilliform sensilla, although number and position is variable as in other congeneric species (there are four subventral pairs in the
<typeStatus id="54F28813FF83FFFCFD98FB08DCA235BD" box="[544,642,1239,1263]" pageId="20" pageNumber="659" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
, ®gure 5b). The second, anterior mid-ventral sensory ®eld is distant from the proximal end of the spicules, is very prominent, and, with heavy cuticularization, it is elevated considerably from the surrounding cuticle. Again, the furnishing of papilliform sensilla is variable. There are two subventral ®les of seven to ten smaller rounded swellings, each tipped with a pointed seta, extending forward from the cloaca (eight pairs in the
<typeStatus id="54F28813FF83FFFCFC18FAADDA2234D8" box="[928,1026,1394,1418]" pageId="20" pageNumber="659" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
, ®gure 5b). A diagnostic feature of this species is a prominent ventral swelling of the tail immediately posterior to the cloaca, the surface of which is furnished with very ®ne papillae.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF636B1FF83FFFCFFC0FA32DF0C3776" blockId="20.[79,1035,774,1573]" pageId="20" pageNumber="659">
<emphasis id="B93DEAA3FF83FFFCFFC0FA32DEF03757" box="[120,208,1517,1541]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="659">Females</emphasis>
. Didelphic; ovaries opposed and reēxed. Eggs brownish. Demanian system not present.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF636B1FF83FFFCFFF7F994DF1C3731" blockId="20.[79,1035,1611,1697]" box="[79,316,1611,1635]" pageId="20" pageNumber="659">
<emphasis id="B93DEAA3FF83FFFCFFF7F994DF1C3731" box="[79,316,1611,1635]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="659">DiOEerential diagnosis</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF636B1FF83FFFDFFC0F9B6DC17343F" blockId="20.[79,1035,1611,1697]" lastBlockId="21.[79,1036,1115,1389]" lastPageId="21" lastPageNumber="660" pageId="20" pageNumber="659">
This species belongs to group
<quantity id="4CB19B54FF83FFFCFE6EF9B6DC3737D3" box="[470,535,1641,1665]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.794" pageId="20" pageNumber="659" unit="in" value="1.1">1.1 in</quantity>
the key of
<bibRefCitation id="EFD84B40FF83FFFCFD26F9B5DD8E37D3" author="BETT, B. J. &amp; MOORE, C. G." box="[670,942,1641,1665]" pageId="20" pageNumber="659" pagination="1377" refId="ref11272" refString="BETT, B. J. and MOORE, C. G., 1988, The taxonomy and biology of a new species Pontonema (Nematoda, Oncholaimidae) dominant in organically polluted sublittoral sediments around Scotland, with a review of the genus, Journal of Natural History, 22, 1363 ± 1377." type="journal article" year="1988">Bett and Moore (1988)</bibRefCitation>
; species with a short tail, two precloacal sensory ®elds, the anteriormost being distant from the proximal ends of the spicules. The group contains the North American
<taxonomicName id="4C494D32FF82FFFDFFF7FBA4DF4535C0" authority="Leidy 1855" authorityName="Leidy" authorityYear="1855" box="[79,357,1146,1170]" class="Adenophorea" family="Oncholaimidae" genus="Pontonema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enoplida" pageId="21" pageNumber="660" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="vacillatum">
<emphasis id="B93DEAA3FF82FFFDFFF7FBA4DEC235C0" box="[79,226,1146,1170]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="660">P. vacillatum</emphasis>
Leidy 1855
</taxonomicName>
, and the north European species
<taxonomicName id="4C494D32FF82FFFDFD5CFBA4DA2B35C0" authority="(Bastian, 1865)" baseAuthorityName="Bastian" baseAuthorityYear="1865" box="[740,1035,1146,1170]" class="Adenophorea" family="Oncholaimidae" genus="Pontonema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enoplida" pageId="21" pageNumber="660" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="vulgare">
<emphasis id="B93DEAA3FF82FFFDFD5CFBA4DD7435C0" box="[740,852,1146,1170]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="660">P. vulgare</emphasis>
(Bastian, 1865)
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C494D32FF82FFFDFF3EFB45DFE035E3" authority="(Schulz, 1932)" baseAuthorityName="Schulz" baseAuthorityYear="1932" box="[134,448,1177,1201]" class="Adenophorea" family="Oncholaimidae" genus="Pontonema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enoplida" pageId="21" pageNumber="660" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="balticum">
<emphasis id="B93DEAA3FF82FFFDFF3EFB45DF2835E3" box="[134,264,1177,1201]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="660">P. balticum</emphasis>
(Schulz, 1932)
</taxonomicName>
. These three are all very similar, although in the light of the present analysis, their synonymy as suggested by
<bibRefCitation id="EFD84B40FF82FFFDFCBBFB66DA2B3583" author="BETT, B. J. &amp; MOORE, C. G." box="[771,1035,1209,1233]" pageId="21" pageNumber="660" pagination="1377" refId="ref11272" refString="BETT, B. J. and MOORE, C. G., 1988, The taxonomy and biology of a new species Pontonema (Nematoda, Oncholaimidae) dominant in organically polluted sublittoral sediments around Scotland, with a review of the genus, Journal of Natural History, 22, 1363 ± 1377." type="journal article" year="1988">Bett and Moore (1988)</bibRefCitation>
is perhaps premature.
<taxonomicName id="4C494D32FF82FFFDFEE1FB06DC4F35A2" authorityName="Warwick &amp; Robinson" authorityYear="2000" box="[345,623,1240,1264]" class="Adenophorea" family="Oncholaimidae" genus="Pontonema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enoplida" pageId="21" pageNumber="660" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="mediterranea">
<emphasis id="B93DEAA3FF82FFFDFEE1FB06DC4F35A2" box="[345,623,1240,1264]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="660">Pontonema mediterranea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is distinguished from these by the prominent postcloacal ventral swelling, as well as from
<taxonomicName id="4C494D32FF82FFFDFD79FB27DD11345D" baseAuthorityName="Bastian" baseAuthorityYear="1865" box="[705,817,1271,1295]" class="Adenophorea" family="Oncholaimidae" genus="Pontonema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enoplida" pageId="21" pageNumber="660" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="vulgare">
<emphasis id="B93DEAA3FF82FFFDFD79FB27DD11345D" box="[705,817,1271,1295]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="660">P. vulgare</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by the more subtle morphometric characters detailed in this paper.
<taxonomicName id="4C494D32FF82FFFDFD20FAC8DDA0347C" baseAuthorityName="Schulz" baseAuthorityYear="1932" box="[664,896,1302,1326]" class="Adenophorea" family="Oncholaimidae" genus="Pontonema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enoplida" pageId="21" pageNumber="660" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="balticum">
<emphasis id="B93DEAA3FF82FFFDFD20FAC8DDA0347C" box="[664,896,1302,1326]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="660">Pontonema balticum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
also has a`postanal papilla’, but in this case it is relatively small, and positioned more than half the tail-length posterior to the cloaca.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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