treatments-xml/data/A5/76/87/A57687831619E047FCE6D082FDB44E95.xml

<document id="6CB49851E96F934AF5CB1996DB6BD542" ID-DOI="10.26515/rzsi/v121/i1/2021/153911" ID-ISSN="2581-8686" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13186333" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="GgImagineBatch" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1722612788166" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Irungbam, Jatishwor Singh &amp; Fric, Zdeněk Faltýnek" docDate="2021" docId="A57687831619E047FCE6D082FDB44E95" docLanguage="en" docName="RecZoolSurvIndia.121.1.173-194.pdf" docOrigin="Records of the Zoological Survey of India 121 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:30C78A88DFAFB68AE5A0604D5A6B2FFB.3:RecZoolSurvIndia.2017-.journal_article" docStyleId="30C78A88DFAFB68AE5A0604D5A6B2FFB" docStyleName="RecZoolSurvIndia.2017-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Theretra tibetiana Vaglia and Haxaire 2010" docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="186" masterDocId="594FFFFB1615E04AFFA5D310FFA94F35" masterDocTitle="Checklist of the family Sphingidae Latreille, 1802 (Lepidoptera: Bombycoidea) from Shirui Hills, Manipur, India" masterLastPageNumber="194" masterPageNumber="173" pageNumber="185" updateTime="1722664068333" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:title id="B3A055FA4B98C69C8CE55F27CAF9FED4">Checklist of the family Sphingidae Latreille, 1802 (Lepidoptera: Bombycoidea) from Shirui Hills, Manipur, India</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="357382E5C761C0A73B1ADB54CD8AEB18">Irungbam, Jatishwor Singh</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="CC677E8BB1C554A8C053857B0357B680">1,2 * &amp; Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Ceske Budejovice - 37005, Czech Republic; Email: jatishwor. irungbam @ gmail. com &amp; 1,2 * &amp; Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Science, Institute of Entomology, Ceske Budejovice - 37005, Czech Republic; Email: zdfric @ gmail. com</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="313056BFBC83390BA84DFA03EAD75032">Fric, Zdeněk Faltýnek</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="06908789FA5DB1829931B814B415CB19">1,2 * &amp; Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Science, Institute of Entomology, Ceske Budejovice - 37005, Czech Republic; Email: zdfric @ gmail. com</mods:affiliation>
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<paragraph id="2D6036951619E046FCE6D082FACD4CE5" blockId="12.[835,1472,914,977]" pageId="12" pageNumber="185">
<heading id="762881F91619E046FCE6D082FACD4CE5" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="12" pageNumber="185" reason="4">
<emphasis id="1FABEA871619E046FCE6D082FCCF4C99" bold="true" box="[835,870,914,940]" pageId="12" pageNumber="185">26.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="EADF4D161619E046FCD1D082FAFD4C99" ID-CoL="98KCT" authority="Vaglia and Haxaire, 2010" authorityName="Vaglia and Haxaire" authorityYear="2010" box="[884,1364,914,941]" class="Insecta" family="Sphingidae" genus="Theretra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="185" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tibetiana">
<emphasis id="1FABEA871619E046FCD1D082FBEF4C98" bold="true" box="[884,1094,914,941]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="185">Theretra tibetiana</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="494E4B641619E046FBE3D082FAFD4C99" author="Vaglia, T. &amp; Haxaire, J. &amp; Kitching, I. J. &amp; Liyous, M." box="[1094,1364,914,940]" pageId="12" pageNumber="185" pagination="1 - 37" refId="ref19136" refString="Vaglia, T., Haxaire, J., Kitching, I. J. and Liyous, M. 2010. Contribution a la connaissance des Theretra Hubner, (1819), des complexes clotho (Drury, 1773), boisduvali i (Bugnion, 1839) et rhesus (Boisduval, 1875) d'Asiecontinentale et du Sud-est (Lepidoptera, Sphingidae). The European Entomologist, 3 (1): 1 - 37 (in French)." type="journal article" year="2010">Vaglia and Haxaire,2010</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
-Tibetian Hunter Hawkmoth (
<figureCitation id="B5E42A101619E046FBF1D0A6FB1D4CE5" box="[1108,1204,950,976]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="9.[160,236,1679,1705]" captionTargetBox="[333,1302,253,1624]" captionTargetId="figure-30@9.[319,1339,213,1657]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figure 3. Image of adult Sphingidae: A. Acosmeryx naga naga (Moore, (1858)); B. A. pseudonaga Butler, 1881; C. Deilephila elpenor macromera (Butler, 1875); D. Hippotion celerio (Linnaeus, 1758); E. H. rosetta (Swinhoe, 1892); F. Theretra alecto (Linnaeus, 1758); G. T. clotho clotho (Drury, 1773); H. T. tibetiana Vaglia and Haxaire, 2010; I. T. lucasii (Walker, 1856); J. T. nessus nessus (Drury, 1773); K. T. oldenlandiae oldenlandiae (Fabricius, 1775); L. T. pallicosta (Walker, 1856); M. Cechetra lineosa (Walker, 1856); N. C. minor (Butler, 1875); O. Rhagastis albomarginatus albomarginatus (Rothschild, 1894); P. R. castor aurifera (Butler, 1875); Q. R. confusa Rothschild and Jordan, 1903; R. R. olivacea (Moore, 1857)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13186341" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13186341/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="185">Figure 3</figureCitation>
: H; 
<figureCitation id="B5E42A101619E046FB47D0A6FAE94CE4" box="[1250,1344,950,977]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="16.[134,210,1323,1349]" captionTargetBox="[222,1402,226,1294]" captionTargetId="figure-23@16.[200,1405,215,1294]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Figure 5. Male genitalia of adult Sphingidae. A. Theretra clotho clotho (Drury, 1773): (i) Genital capsule, (ii) Harpe, (iii) Aedaegus. B. T. tibetiana Vaglia and Haxaire, 2010: (i) Genital capsule, (ii) Harpe, (iii) Aedaegus. C. Cechetra lineosa (Walker, 1856): (i) Genital capsule, (ii) Harpe, (iii) Aedaegus, (iv) Phallus armature. D. C. minor (Butler, 1875): (i) Genital capsule, (ii) Harpe, (iii) Aedaegus, (iv) Phallus armature." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13186345" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13186345/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="185">Figure 5</figureCitation>
: B)
</heading>
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="2D6036951619E046FCE6D0FCFA344B1C" blockId="12.[835,1473,1004,1065]" pageId="12" pageNumber="185">
2010. 
<taxonomicName id="EADF4D161619E046FCDAD0FCFB524B31" authority="Vaglia and Haxaire" authorityName="Vaglia and Haxaire" authorityYear="2010" box="[895,1275,1004,1028]" class="Insecta" family="Sphingidae" genus="Theretra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="185" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tibetiana">
<emphasis id="1FABEA871619E046FCDAD0FCFB9B4B31" box="[895,1074,1004,1028]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="185">Theretra tibetiana</emphasis>
Vaglia and Haxaire
</taxonomicName>
, in Vaglia, Haxaire, Kitching and Liyous, 
<emphasis id="1FABEA871619E046FBF3D701FAEA4B1C" box="[1110,1347,1041,1065]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="185">European Entomologist,</emphasis>
<emphasis id="1FABEA871619E046FAEDD700FAFC4B1D" bold="true" box="[1352,1365,1040,1064]" pageId="12" pageNumber="185">3</emphasis>
(1): 21.
</paragraph>
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<emphasis id="1FABEA871619E046FCE6D753FB894B68" box="[835,1056,1091,1117]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="185">Material examined:</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="9DB73CC81619E046FB8BD753FA124BB4" country="India" county="Ukhrul District" elevation="2190" latitude="25.1171" location="Site" longLatPrecision="7" longitude="94.4456" municipality="Shirui Hills" pageId="12" pageNumber="185" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Manipur">
<collectingCountry id="55C876051619E046FB8BD753FBD64B68" box="[1070,1151,1091,1117]" name="India" pageId="12" pageNumber="185">INDIA</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingRegion id="EF1BF8771619E046FB35D753FB5A4B68" box="[1168,1267,1091,1117]" country="India" name="Manipur" pageId="12" pageNumber="185">Manipur</collectingRegion>
, 
<collectingCounty id="C4014E191619E046FAA1D753FA154B68" box="[1284,1468,1091,1117]" pageId="12" pageNumber="185">Ukhrul District</collectingCounty>
, 
<collectingMunicipality id="CD04ACEF1619E046FCE6D777FC604BB4" box="[835,969,1127,1153]" pageId="12" pageNumber="185">Shirui Hills</collectingMunicipality>
, 
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3 (
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<geoCoordinate id="48EB50521619E046FB0BD777FA8D4BB7" box="[1198,1316,1127,1154]" degrees="94.4456" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="185" precision="5" value="94.4456">94.4456ºE</geoCoordinate>
), 
<elevation id="A6F2D1A61619E046FA9FD777FA124BB4" box="[1338,1467,1127,1154]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.19" pageId="12" pageNumber="185" unit="m" value="2190.0">
<quantity id="EA279B701619E046FA9FD777FA384BB7" box="[1338,1425,1127,1154]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.19" pageId="12" pageNumber="185" unit="m" value="2190.0">2190 m</quantity>
asl
</elevation>
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,
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2D6036951619E046FCE6D79BFC134BFF" blockId="12.[835,1472,1091,1226]" pageId="12" pageNumber="185">
<date id="596110551619E046FCE6D79BFC154B90" box="[835,956,1163,1189]" pageId="12" pageNumber="185" value="2019-07-24">24.vii.2019</date>
- 
<specimenCount id="3BD9FD1C1619E046FC71D79CFC5F4B93" box="[980,1014,1164,1190]" count="1" pageId="12" pageNumber="185" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
, IJ1163, 
<date id="596110551619E046FBFCD79BFB624B90" box="[1113,1227,1163,1189]" pageId="12" pageNumber="185" value="2019-09-13">13.ix.2019</date>
- 
<specimenCount id="3BD9FD1C1619E046FB46D79CFAAF4B93" box="[1251,1286,1164,1190]" count="1" pageId="12" pageNumber="185" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
, IJ1425, coll. J.S. Irungbam.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2D6036951619E046FCE6D7F5FA0D49CC" blockId="12.[834,1474,1252,1786]" pageId="12" pageNumber="185">
<emphasis id="1FABEA871619E046FCE6D7F5FC1D4BCB" box="[835,948,1253,1278]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="185">Diagnosis:</emphasis>
Wingspan 
<specimenCount id="3BD9FD1C1619E046FB93D7F5FBE24BCA" box="[1078,1099,1253,1279]" count="1" pageId="12" pageNumber="185" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
, 
<quantity id="EA279B701619E046FBFCD7F4FB484BCA" box="[1113,1249,1252,1279]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.4" metricValueMax="8.6" metricValueMin="8.2" pageId="12" pageNumber="185" unit="mm" value="84.0" valueMax="86.0" valueMin="82.0">82 - 86 mm</quantity>
. forewing length 
<quantity id="EA279B701619E046FA00D7F4FC004A16" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" metricValueMax="4.1" metricValueMin="3.9" pageId="12" pageNumber="185" unit="mm" value="40.0" valueMax="41.0" valueMin="39.0">39 - 41 mm</quantity>
. 
<collectingRegion id="EF1BF8771619E046FC11D618FC454A17" box="[948,1004,1288,1314]" country="Maldives" name="Maale" pageId="12" pageNumber="185">Male</collectingRegion>
genitalia (
<figureCitation id="B5E42A101619E046FBC4D618FB6A4A16" box="[1121,1219,1288,1315]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="16.[134,210,1323,1349]" captionTargetBox="[222,1402,226,1294]" captionTargetId="figure-23@16.[200,1405,215,1294]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Figure 5. Male genitalia of adult Sphingidae. A. Theretra clotho clotho (Drury, 1773): (i) Genital capsule, (ii) Harpe, (iii) Aedaegus. B. T. tibetiana Vaglia and Haxaire, 2010: (i) Genital capsule, (ii) Harpe, (iii) Aedaegus. C. Cechetra lineosa (Walker, 1856): (i) Genital capsule, (ii) Harpe, (iii) Aedaegus, (iv) Phallus armature. D. C. minor (Butler, 1875): (i) Genital capsule, (ii) Harpe, (iii) Aedaegus, (iv) Phallus armature." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13186345" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13186345/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="185">Figure 5</figureCitation>
: B): In lateral view the uncus is similar to the 
<taxonomicName id="EADF4D161619E046FB98D63CFBD64A73" box="[1085,1151,1324,1350]" class="Insecta" family="Sphingidae" genus="Sphinx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="185" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="clotho">
<emphasis id="1FABEA871619E046FB98D63CFBD64A73" box="[1085,1151,1324,1350]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="185">clotho</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but its apex is not so curved and is interrupted more abruptly. The harp is globular, outer edge is rounded, but usually invaginates just before the apex. The inner edge bears the double serrated layer and sclerotic characteristic of 
<emphasis id="1FABEA871619E046FB3DD6ADFB764AE2" box="[1176,1247,1469,1495]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="185">
<taxonomicName id="EADF4D161619E046FB3DD6ADFB724AE2" box="[1176,1243,1469,1495]" class="Insecta" family="Sphingidae" genus="Sphinx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="185" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="clotho">clotho</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
but this double leaf is totally shifted and crushed towards the apex. It is raised and is slightly curved towards the base of the valve. Only the larger apical teeth are visible. There are usually 4 on the outer leaflet and 2 or 3 on the internal leaflet. At 
<taxonomicName id="EADF4D161619E046FAD8D55EFA16495D" box="[1405,1471,1614,1640]" class="Insecta" family="Sphingidae" genus="Sphinx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="185" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="clotho">
<emphasis id="1FABEA871619E046FAD8D55EFA16495D" box="[1405,1471,1614,1640]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="185">clotho</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
the sheets are wide, semi-transparent, are positioned lower on the inner edge and are finely toothed over their entire length. The apical portion is very little or not raised or curved ventrally. The outer edge is regularly domed.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2D6036951619E046FCE6D403FA6B4843" blockId="12.[835,1474,1811,1911]" pageId="12" pageNumber="185">
<emphasis id="1FABEA871619E046FCE6D403FC794818" box="[835,976,1811,1837]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="185">Distribution:</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="55C876051619E046FC54D403FB864818" box="[1009,1071,1811,1837]" name="India" pageId="12" pageNumber="185">India</collectingCountry>
: 
<collectingRegion id="EF1BF8771619E046FBF6D403FB1E4818" box="[1107,1207,1811,1837]" country="India" name="Manipur" pageId="12" pageNumber="185">Manipur</collectingRegion>
. 
<emphasis id="1FABEA871619E046FB7ED403FAEE4818" box="[1243,1351,1811,1837]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="185">Elsewhere</emphasis>
: 
<collectingCountry id="55C876051619E046FACAD403FA694818" box="[1391,1472,1811,1837]" name="Bhutan" pageId="12" pageNumber="185">Bhutan</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="494E4B641619E046FCEFD428FB064867" author="Irungbam, J. S. &amp; Irungbam, M. J." box="[842,1199,1848,1874]" pageId="12" pageNumber="185" pagination="14022 - 14050" refId="ref16484" refString="Irungbam, J. S. and Irungbam, M. J. 2019. Contributions to the knowledge of moths of Bombycoidea Latreille, 1802 (Lepidoptera: Heterocera) of Bhutan with new records. Journal of Threatened Taxa, 11 (8): 14022 - 14050; https: // doi. org / 10.11609 / jott. 4358.11.8.14022 - 14050 https: // doi. org / 10.11609 / jott. 4358.11.8.14022 - 14050" type="journal article" year="2019">Irungbam and Irungbam, 2019</bibRefCitation>
); 
<collectingCountry id="55C876051619E046FB66D428FAEF4867" box="[1219,1350,1848,1874]" name="Hong Kong" pageId="12" pageNumber="185">Hong Kong</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="494E4B641619E046FAF3D428FBA04843" author="Kendrick, R. C. &amp; Young, J. J." pageId="12" pageNumber="185" refId="ref16930" refString="Kendrick, R. C. and Young, J. J. 2014. Pictorial Guidebook of Hong Kong Moths, Vol. 1. Hong Kong Lepidopterists' Society, Tuen Mun, Hong Kong, China, 64 pp." type="book" year="2014">Kendrick and Young, 2014</bibRefCitation>
); 
<collectingCountry id="55C876051619E046FBB8D44CFBCD4843" box="[1053,1124,1884,1910]" name="China" pageId="12" pageNumber="185">China</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="55C876051619E046FBD7D44CFAAB4842" box="[1138,1282,1884,1911]" name="South Korea" pageId="12" pageNumber="185">South Korea</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="55C876051619E046FAAAD44DFAF94842" box="[1295,1360,1885,1911]" name="Japan" pageId="12" pageNumber="185">Japan</collectingCountry>
, northern
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2D6036951618E047FF05D3C6FDAA4E21" blockId="13.[160,797,214,276]" pageId="13" pageNumber="186">
<collectingCountry id="55C876051618E047FF05D3C6FEAA4FC5" box="[160,259,214,240]" name="Vietnam" pageId="13" pageNumber="186">Vietnam</collectingCountry>
, northern 
<collectingCountry id="55C876051618E047FEDFD3C6FE184FC5" box="[378,433,214,240]" name="Laos" pageId="13" pageNumber="186">Laos</collectingCountry>
,northern 
<collectingCountry id="55C876051618E047FD84D3C6FD2D4FC5" box="[545,644,214,240]" name="Thailand" pageId="13" pageNumber="186">Thailand</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="494E4B641618E047FD37D3C6FF734E21" author="Vaglia, T. &amp; Haxaire, J. &amp; Kitching, I. J. &amp; Liyous, M." pageId="13" pageNumber="186" pagination="1 - 37" refId="ref19136" refString="Vaglia, T., Haxaire, J., Kitching, I. J. and Liyous, M. 2010. Contribution a la connaissance des Theretra Hubner, (1819), des complexes clotho (Drury, 1773), boisduvali i (Bugnion, 1839) et rhesus (Boisduval, 1875) d'Asiecontinentale et du Sud-est (Lepidoptera, Sphingidae). The European Entomologist, 3 (1): 1 - 37 (in French)." type="journal article" year="2010">
Vaglia 
<emphasis id="1FABEA871618E047FD47D3C7FCB84FC5" box="[738,785,214,240]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="186">et al</emphasis>
., 2010
</bibRefCitation>
); 
<collectingCountry id="55C876051618E047FF49D3EAFE944E21" box="[236,317,250,276]" name="Taiwan" pageId="13" pageNumber="186">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
(Wu 
<emphasis id="1FABEA871618E047FEDED3EBFE004E21" box="[379,425,250,276]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="186">et al</emphasis>
., 2020).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2D6036951618E047FF05D23EFDE94E7D" blockId="13.[160,576,302,328]" box="[160,576,302,328]" pageId="13" pageNumber="186">
<emphasis id="1FABEA871618E047FF05D23EFEF44E7D" box="[160,349,302,328]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="186">Larval hostplants</emphasis>
: Unknown in 
<collectingCountry id="55C876051618E047FE5BD23EFD954E7D" box="[510,572,302,328]" name="India" pageId="13" pageNumber="186">India</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2D6036951618E047FF05D272FDB44E95" blockId="13.[160,797,354,416]" pageId="13" pageNumber="186">
<emphasis id="1FABEA871618E047FF05D272FEAF4E49" box="[160,262,354,380]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="186">Remarks:</emphasis>
The species is recorded here for the first time from 
<collectingRegion id="EF1BF8771618E047FF7BD296FEE84E95" box="[222,321,390,416]" country="India" name="Manipur" pageId="13" pageNumber="186">Manipur</collectingRegion>
as well as for 
<collectingCountry id="55C876051618E047FE7ED296FDB04E95" box="[475,537,390,416]" name="India" pageId="13" pageNumber="186">India</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>