treatments-xml/data/7D/D2/41/7DD241C3B9DE5BC1A72BC998DA4E667A.xml

<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.18.10007" ID-GBIF-Taxon="182224601" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-4049-18-1" ID-Pensoft-UUID="742AFFD8FF9DFFE0FFE1351B1C21FF99" ID-Zenodo-Dep="575611" ModsDocID="1314-4049-18-1" checkinTime="1481875202450" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Petersen, Ronald H. &amp; Hughes, Karen W." docDate="2016" docId="7DD241C3B9DE5BC1A72BC998DA4E667A" docLanguage="en" docName="MycoKeys 18: 1-122" docOrigin="MycoKeys 18" docPubDate="2016-12-15" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.18.10007" docTitle="Gymnopus pyracanthoides R. H. Petersen 2016, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="2" id="742AFFD8FF9DFFE0FFE1351B1C21FF99" lastPageId="80" lastPageNumber="81" masterDocId="742AFFD8FF9DFFE0FFE1351B1C21FF99" masterDocTitle="Micromphale sect. Perforantia (Agaricales, Basidiomycetes); Expansion and phylogenetic placement" masterLastPageNumber="122" masterPageNumber="1" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" updateTime="1643498509278" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Micromphale sect. Perforantia (Agaricales, Basidiomycetes); Expansion and phylogenetic placement</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Petersen, Ronald H.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Ecology &amp; Evolutionary Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 - 1100 USA</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">repete@utk.edu</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Hughes, Karen W.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Ecology &amp; Evolutionary Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 - 1100 USA</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>MycoKeys</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part>
<mods:date>2016</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
<mods:number>2016-12-15</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>18</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>1</mods:start>
<mods:end>122</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:location>
<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.18.10007</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.18.10007</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-4049-18-1</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">742AFFD8FF9DFFE0FFE1351B1C21FF99</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">575611</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="182224601" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:7DD241C3B9DE5BC1A72BC998DA4E667A" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/7DD241C3B9DE5BC1A72BC998DA4E667A" lastPageId="80" lastPageNumber="81" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">
<subSubSection pageId="74" pageNumber="75" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="74" pageNumber="75">
8. 
<taxonomicName LSID="7DD241C3-B9DE-5BC1-A72B-C998DA4E667A" authority="R. H. Petersen" authorityName="R. H. Petersen" authorityYear="2016" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Omphalotaceae" genus="Gymnopus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Gymnopus pyracanthoides" order="Agaricales" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="pyracanthoides" status="sp. nov.">Gymnopus pyracanthoides R.H. Petersen</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="74" pageNumber="75">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="74" pageNumber="75" type="holotype">
<paragraph pageId="74" pageNumber="75">Holotype.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="74" pageNumber="75">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">Costa Rica</emphasis>
, Prov. San 
<normalizedToken originalValue="José">Jose</normalizedToken>
, San Gerardo de Dota, Albergue de 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Montaña">Montana</normalizedToken>
, Savegre, 9°33'2&quot; N, 83°48'27&quot;W, 21.VI.1995, coll RHP, TFB 7879 (TENN-F-53736).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="74" pageNumber="75" type="etymology">
<paragraph pageId="74" pageNumber="75">Etymology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="74" pageNumber="75">
Latinized; resembling 
<taxonomicName class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Rosaceae" genus="Pyracantha" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pyracantha" order="Rosales" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">Pyracantha</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, referring to spike-like setulae on pileipellis broom cell-like hyphal termini.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="74" pageNumber="75" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph pageId="74" pageNumber="75">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="74" pageNumber="75">1) A morpho-species (no DNA sequences available); 2) broom cell-like hyphal termini of pileipellis coarsely thorny; 3) subhymenial hyphae with slime sheath and flake-like encrusting material; 4) rhizomorphs well-developed, curly, sparingly branched; 5) stipe minutely pruinose overall; 6) fruiting on sclerophyllous deciduous leaves.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="75" lastPageNumber="76" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="74" pageNumber="75">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="75" lastPageNumber="76" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">Basidiomata</emphasis>
(Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 59" captionStartId="F59" captionText="Figure 59. Gymnopus pyracanthoides. A Basidiomata and rhizomorphs B Basidiospores. Standard bars: A = 20 mm; B = 5 µm. TFB 7879 (TENN-F- 53736)." figureDoi="10.3897/mycokeys.18.10007.figure59" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/115122" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">59A</figureCitation>
) diminutive, arising independent from but gregarious with rhizomorphs. 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">Pileus</emphasis>
3-6 mm broad, strongly convex and in one case slightly umbonate, matt, minutely tuberculate, subtly sulcate or not so; disc &quot;wood brown&quot; 7C4; limb and margin &quot;vinaceous buff&quot; 9B2 to &quot;tilleul buff&quot; 7B2. 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">Lamellae</emphasis>
adnexed (Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 59" captionStartId="F59" captionText="Figure 59. Gymnopus pyracanthoides. A Basidiomata and rhizomorphs B Basidiospores. Standard bars: A = 20 mm; B = 5 µm. TFB 7879 (TENN-F- 53736)." figureDoi="10.3897/mycokeys.18.10007.figure59" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/115122" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">59A</figureCitation>
), usually weakly pseudocollariate, thickish, subdistant, narrow (&lt;1 mm broad), slightly ventricose, without anastomosis or interveining, without necropigment, total lamellae = 31-33, through lamellae = 10-11, &quot;vinaceous buff&quot; 9B2; lamellar edge entire, not marginate. 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">Stipe</emphasis>
24-38 
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
0.3-0.5 mm, appearing glabrous-shining but under magnification (35
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
) very finely pruinose over total length (pruinosity hyaline), stuffed (medulla off-white), insititious, apically concolorous with lamellae, downward 
<pageBreakToken pageId="75" pageNumber="76" start="start">quickly</pageBreakToken>
&quot;army brown&quot; 8D5, downward &quot;Natal brown&quot; 8E6. 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">Rhizomorphs</emphasis>
(Figs 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 59" captionStartId="F59" captionText="Figure 59. Gymnopus pyracanthoides. A Basidiomata and rhizomorphs B Basidiospores. Standard bars: A = 20 mm; B = 5 µm. TFB 7879 (TENN-F- 53736)." figureDoi="10.3897/mycokeys.18.10007.figure59" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/115122" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">59A</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 60" captionStartId="F60" captionText="Figure 60. Gymnopus pyracanthoides. Broad-leafed habitat. Lines indicate resupinate rhizomorphs. Scale = x 1. TFB 7879 (TENN-F- 53736)." figureDoi="10.3897/mycokeys.18.10007.figure60" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/115123" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">60</figureCitation>
) common, mostly resupinate on leaf surface (both upper and lower side), 0.1 mm broad (extremely slender), only occasionally branched when resupinate; aerial rhizomorphs - 17 
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
0.2-0.3 mm, gyrose to curly in aerial portions and frequently branched, glabrous-shining, now strap-shaped where free (aerial portions compressed in drying, not resupinate portions), functionally black in resupinate portions, brass-brown (reminding of 
<taxonomicName authority="&quot;" genus="M." lsidName="M. flavipes" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" rank="species" species="flavipes">M. &quot; flavipes &quot;</taxonomicName>
nom. prov. from Tasmania) to &quot;bone brown&quot; 7F8 in aerial portions. 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">Taste</emphasis>
and 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">odor</emphasis>
not recorded.
</paragraph>
<caption ID-Zenodo-Dep="984893" doi="10.3897/mycokeys.18.10007.figure59" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/115122" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" start="Figure 59" startId="F59">
<paragraph pageId="75" pageNumber="76">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">Figure 59.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="R. H. Petersen" authorityYear="2016" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Omphalotaceae" genus="Gymnopus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Gymnopus pyracanthoides" order="Agaricales" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="pyracanthoides">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">Gymnopus pyracanthoides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">A</emphasis>
Basidiomata and rhizomorphs 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">B</emphasis>
Basidiospores. Standard bars: 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">A</emphasis>
= 20 mm; 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">B</emphasis>
= 5 
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
. TFB 7879 (TENN-F-53736).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption ID-Zenodo-Dep="984897" doi="10.3897/mycokeys.18.10007.figure60" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/115123" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" start="Figure 60" startId="F60">
<paragraph pageId="75" pageNumber="76">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">Figure 60.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="R. H. Petersen" authorityYear="2016" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Omphalotaceae" genus="Gymnopus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Gymnopus pyracanthoides" order="Agaricales" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="pyracanthoides">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">Gymnopus pyracanthoides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Broad-leafed habitat. Lines indicate resupinate rhizomorphs. Scale = 
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
1. TFB 7879 (TENN-F-53736).
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="78" lastPageNumber="79" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" type="habitat">
<paragraph pageId="75" pageNumber="76">Habitat and phenology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="75" pageNumber="76">
Known from only the type specimen; fruiting on dead sclerophyllous leaves (probably 
<taxonomicName class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Quercus" order="Fagales" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">Quercus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) at high elevation; summer.
</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="78" lastPageNumber="79" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">Pileipellis</emphasis>
(Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 61" captionStartId="F61" captionText="Figure 61. Gymnopus pyracanthoides. Pileipellis elements. A Cluster of broom cell-like hyphal termini B-G Individual broom cell-like hyphal termini. Standard bars = 10 µm. TFB 7879 (TENN-F- 53736)." figureDoi="10.3897/mycokeys.18.10007.figure61" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/115124" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">61</figureCitation>
) a dense thatch of diverticulate hyphae and hyphal termini; parent hyphae 2-2.5 
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
diam, thin- to firm-walled, hyaline, not involved in slime matrix, producing elongate, jointed, digitate side branches 2-7 
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
0.8-1.5 
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
, rarely but conspicuously clamped. Pileus and lamellar tramal hyphae 2-5 
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
diam, firm- 
<pageBreakToken pageId="76" pageNumber="77" start="start">to</pageBreakToken>
thick-walled (wall -0.7 
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
thick, hyaline), producing thin slime sheaths, ornamented with external 
<normalizedToken originalValue="“flakes”">&quot;flakes&quot;</normalizedToken>
of encrusting material, infrequently but conspicuously clamped. 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">Pleurocystidia</emphasis>
(Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 62" captionStartId="F62" captionText="Figure 62. Gymnopus pyracanthoides. Hymenial elements. A-D Pleurocystidia E-H Basidia. Standard bars = 10 µm. TFB 7879 (TENN-F- 53736)." figureDoi="10.3897/mycokeys.18.10007.figure62" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/115125" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">62A-D</figureCitation>
) 21-28 
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
5-7 
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
, fusiform, with narrowly rounded to acute apex, abundant, thin-walled, conspicuously clamped. Basidioles clavate; 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">basidia</emphasis>
(Figs 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 62" captionStartId="F62" captionText="Figure 62. Gymnopus pyracanthoides. Hymenial elements. A-D Pleurocystidia E-H Basidia. Standard bars = 10 µm. TFB 7879 (TENN-F- 53736)." figureDoi="10.3897/mycokeys.18.10007.figure62" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/115125" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">62E-H</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 63" captionStartId="F63" captionText="Figure 63. Gymnopus pyracanthoides. Hymenial elements. A-E Individual cheilocystidia F Basidium. Standard bars = µm. TFB 7879 (TENN-F- 53736)." figureDoi="10.3897/mycokeys.18.10007.figure63" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/115126" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">63F</figureCitation>
) 19-26 
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
6-7 
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
, clavate, sometimes very slightly subcapitate, 4-sterigmate, obscurely clamped. Subhymenium often gelatinizing, 
<pageBreakToken pageId="77" pageNumber="78" start="start">including</pageBreakToken>
bases of basidia and pleurocystidia. 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Basidiospores</emphasis>
(Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 59" captionStartId="F59" captionText="Figure 59. Gymnopus pyracanthoides. A Basidiomata and rhizomorphs B Basidiospores. Standard bars: A = 20 mm; B = 5 µm. TFB 7879 (TENN-F- 53736)." figureDoi="10.3897/mycokeys.18.10007.figure59" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/115122" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">59B</figureCitation>
) 6-7.5 
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
(3-)3.5-4 
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
(Q = 1.63-2.33; Qm = 1.94; Lm = 6.85 
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
), ellipsoid to elongate pip-shaped, smooth, thin-walled, inamyloid. Lamellar edge fertile; 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">cheilocystidia</emphasis>
<pageBreakToken pageId="78" pageNumber="79" start="start">(</pageBreakToken>
Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 63" captionStartId="F63" captionText="Figure 63. Gymnopus pyracanthoides. Hymenial elements. A-E Individual cheilocystidia F Basidium. Standard bars = µm. TFB 7879 (TENN-F- 53736)." figureDoi="10.3897/mycokeys.18.10007.figure63" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/115126" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">63A-E</figureCitation>
) scattered, obscure, 22-32 
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
5-8 
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
, subcapitate to subampulliform, obscurely clamped, hardly projecting beyond basidia, hyaline. 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">Stipe medullary hyphae</emphasis>
3.5-7.5 
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
diam, firm-walled, conspicuously clamped, strictly parallel, with minimal slime matrix, hyaline. 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">Stipe cortical hyphae</emphasis>
4-7 
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
diam, thick-walled (wall -1.5 
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
thick, pigmented), at surface producing side branches as caulocystidia. 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">Caulocystidia</emphasis>
(Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 64" captionStartId="F64" captionText="Figure 64. Gymnopus pyracanthoides. Caulocystidia. A-D Individual caulocystidia E Caulocystidial turf. Standard bars = 10 µm. TFB 7879 (TENN-F- 53736)." figureDoi="10.3897/mycokeys.18.10007.figure64" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/115127" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">64</figureCitation>
) setoid, -85 
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
5-7.5 
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
diam, arising as side branches (not clamped), tapering slightly distally, refringent (PhC), in IKI moderately dextrinoid (PhC), yellow-brown (BF).
</paragraph>
<caption ID-Zenodo-Dep="984899" doi="10.3897/mycokeys.18.10007.figure61" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/115124" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" start="Figure 61" startId="F61">
<paragraph pageId="78" pageNumber="79">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">Figure 61.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="R. H. Petersen" authorityYear="2016" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Omphalotaceae" genus="Gymnopus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Gymnopus pyracanthoides" order="Agaricales" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="pyracanthoides">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">Gymnopus pyracanthoides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Pileipellis elements. 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">A</emphasis>
Cluster of broom cell-like hyphal termini 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">B-G</emphasis>
Individual broom cell-like hyphal termini. Standard bars = 10 
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
. TFB 7879 (TENN-F-53736).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption ID-Zenodo-Dep="984901" doi="10.3897/mycokeys.18.10007.figure62" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/115125" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" start="Figure 62" startId="F62">
<paragraph pageId="78" pageNumber="79">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">Figure 62.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="R. H. Petersen" authorityYear="2016" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Omphalotaceae" genus="Gymnopus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Gymnopus pyracanthoides" order="Agaricales" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="pyracanthoides">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">Gymnopus pyracanthoides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Hymenial elements. 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">A-D</emphasis>
Pleurocystidia 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">E-H</emphasis>
Basidia. Standard bars = 10 
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
. TFB 7879 (TENN-F-53736).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption ID-Zenodo-Dep="984903" doi="10.3897/mycokeys.18.10007.figure63" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/115126" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" start="Figure 63" startId="F63">
<paragraph pageId="78" pageNumber="79">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">Figure 63.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="R. H. Petersen" authorityYear="2016" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Omphalotaceae" genus="Gymnopus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Gymnopus pyracanthoides" order="Agaricales" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="pyracanthoides">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">Gymnopus pyracanthoides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Hymenial elements. 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">A-E</emphasis>
Individual cheilocystidia 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">F</emphasis>
Basidium. Standard bars = 
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
. TFB 7879 (TENN-F-53736).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption ID-Zenodo-Dep="984905" doi="10.3897/mycokeys.18.10007.figure64" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/115127" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" start="Figure 64" startId="F64">
<paragraph pageId="78" pageNumber="79">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">Figure 64.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="R. H. Petersen" authorityYear="2016" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Omphalotaceae" genus="Gymnopus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Gymnopus pyracanthoides" order="Agaricales" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="pyracanthoides">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">Gymnopus pyracanthoides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Caulocystidia. 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">A-D</emphasis>
Individual caulocystidia 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">E</emphasis>
Caulocystidial turf. Standard bars = 10 
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
. TFB 7879 (TENN-F-53736).
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="80" lastPageNumber="81" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" type="comments">
<paragraph pageId="78" pageNumber="79">Commentary.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="78" pageNumber="79">
Presence of slime sheaths surrounding pileus and lamellar tramae as well as the dimensions and shape of cheilocystidia are characteristic of taxa in sect. 
<taxonomicName class="Agaricomycetes" family="Omphalotaceae" genus="Gymnopus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="" order="Agaricales" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="section" section="Perforantia">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">Perforantia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Conversely, pileipellis presents a very distinctive thatch of broom cell-like hyphal termini rather than repent, encrusted hyphae in a slime matrix as is seen throughout the section. Such a differentiated pileipellis might also qualify for some infrageneric groups of 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Murrill" authorityYear="1915" class="Basidiomycetes" family="omphalotaceae" genus="Marasmiellus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Marasmiellus" order="Agaricales" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">Marasmiellus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
but would be expected to be without slime deposition. Unfortunately, DNA sequences could not be produced from the only known collection, so molecular placement remains unknown.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="79" pageNumber="80">
<pageBreakToken pageId="79" pageNumber="80" start="start">Cheilocystidia</pageBreakToken>
in 
<taxonomicName genus="G." lsidName="G. pyracanthoides" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" rank="species" species="pyracanthoides">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">G. pyracanthoides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
resemble those of 
<taxonomicName genus="G." lsidName="G. bulliformis" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" rank="species" species="bulliformis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">G. bulliformis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(q.v.). They also resemble those described for 
<taxonomicName genus="G." lsidName="G. trabzonensis" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" rank="species" species="trabzonensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">G. trabzonensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. They may represent some stage of basidial development because basidioles also are clavate, but basidioles are present throughout the lamellae face, while the structures here described as cheilocystidia are found along the lamellar edge. No other differentiated cheilocystidial structures were observed, but some taxa in sect. 
<taxonomicName genus="G." lsidName="" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" rank="section" section="Perforantia">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">Perforantia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are known to lack differentiated cheilocystidia.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="80" pageNumber="81">
<pageBreakToken pageId="80" pageNumber="81" start="start">Slime</pageBreakToken>
is produced as a thin sheath surrounding individual hyphae, with ornamentation appearing as flakes riding on the exterior of the gelatinized wall. It also appears to obliterate subhymenium. Likewise, stipe medullary hyphae exist in minimal (but present) slime. There is little evidence of a slimy (or gelatinized) matrix in the pileipellis.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="80" pageNumber="81" type="specimen examined">
<paragraph pageId="80" pageNumber="81">Specimen examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="80" pageNumber="81">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">Costa Rica</emphasis>
, Prov. San 
<normalizedToken originalValue="José">Jose</normalizedToken>
, San Gerardo de Dota, Albergue de 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Montaña">Montana</normalizedToken>
, Savegre, 9°33'2&quot;N, 83°48'27, 21.VI.1995, coll RHP, TFB 7879 (TENN-F-53736; holotype).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>