156 lines
18 KiB
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156 lines
18 KiB
XML
<document id="E9CB08150A802DF0E5846317D6BDBB27" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1629634115413" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Adalsteinsson, Solny A., Branch, William R., Trape, Sébastien, Vitt, Laurie J. & Hedges, S. Blair" docDate="2009" docId="0E2487E3FF8BFFA7FF0E336FFDD8FA83" docLanguage="en" docName="zt02244p050.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 2244" docStyle="DocumentStyle:890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleId="890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Rhinoleptini Hedges, Adalsteinsson, & Branch, New Tribe" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="24" masterDocId="F21DFF9BFF9CFFB0FF993047FF95FFD5" masterDocTitle="Molecular phylogeny, classification, and biogeography of snakes of the Family Leptotyphlopidae (Reptilia, Squamata)" masterLastPageNumber="50" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="24" updateTime="1699087815032" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:titleInfo id="4C1E371B78B8C2DF2B32A5C874C57D1E">
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<mods:title id="79B74BA9E9715B82B29A0B2E70AD5B46">Molecular phylogeny, classification, and biogeography of snakes of the Family Leptotyphlopidae (Reptilia, Squamata)</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="D51D3660310BD743AAA637B617C964BC" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="3F05909CF27EE1F519BDDFDE37AECA06">
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<mods:roleTerm id="FE8764945644A1A6C5A062FCA0B59AD6">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="30A2B6AC42223072AA41A25960020C04">Adalsteinsson, Solny A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="3D16DFEE6A5A9F39136305A64D2853DB">Department of Biology, 208 Mueller Lab, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802 - 5301 USA.</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="C63F5CAD7001711721613E0442E6F796" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="F98427EBBCC6A81C47C20EBD481A09C8">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="A6B86AE2BF163AD52F495273AA1E7DCA">Branch, William R.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="1A1C1077717CA45999D5F34DAE198AFF">Bayworld, P. O. Box 13147, Humewood 6013, South Africa</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:roleTerm id="3AFD83198E1BC074F73DA0280E58C555">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="9F990205F0407F9F4A2485363568A9BB">Trape, Sébastien</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="C02A574CC9F61F3E1F2F81E635C0E64E">Laboratoire ECOLAG, UMR 5119, Université Montpellier II, cc 093, Place E. Bataillon, 34095 Montpellier Cedex 5, France</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="090ACD41AB150917A7E21258FB6330BC" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="529C1B2DC65325A18BE93C6FC36643C1">
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<mods:roleTerm id="90691BC5E96C55170B3EF48B5FFCA420">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="A253DFA11660FDBB60968C41E68F8FDB">Vitt, Laurie J.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="0B1BBE47BB056A87D20B33C000D8F627">Sam Noble Oklahoma Museum of Natural History and Zoology Department, 2401 Chautauqua Avenue, Norman, OK 73072, USA Corresponding author. E-mail: sbh 1 @ psu. edu</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:name id="AED6167715910DE6F12148B27F36F2BE" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="C6109FE9A5A1AD120E76B387430BCD71">Hedges, S. Blair</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="DF3F1C0E8C6C6A9EC6517B3D2B8F3759">Department of Biology, 208 Mueller Lab, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802 - 5301 USA.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="3FB9921D08123A271209AE81A63289C4" type="email">sbh1@psu.edu</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:title id="229E00DF14B47A2CE80D9DB915E658C8">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="8200F1645368CEFF3887B70A72B3F6F7">
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<mods:date id="10EA8EA102EB7EF1CB3D9BF4C7AA2DC1">2009</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="4AB779A8B343F85CFDD7454CF97A3C64">2009-10-01</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="33D4DDF46B4D4B17C89545EB8034BAD8">2244</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="55F15CBFA9643C6335C7FE5297321C32">1</mods:start>
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<mods:end id="34EDA89AA9A51076D010D6278FC85DAA">50</mods:end>
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<mods:classification id="CDBF5AE4C1F84822577A0DAA592EF655">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="5FF3071BFBF6729A8FFF509CE2FDEDB4" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment id="0E2487E3FF8BFFA7FF0E336FFDD8FA83" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5333940" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5333940" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0E2487E3FF8BFFA7FF0E336FFDD8FA83" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/0E2487E3FF8BFFA7FF0E336FFDD8FA83" lastPageNumber="24" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
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<subSubSection id="CE97657EFF8BFFA7FF0E336FFC2CFC97" box="[151,953,808,834]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="863236F5FF8BFFA7FF0E336FFC2CFC97" blockId="23.[151,953,808,834]" box="[151,953,808,834]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
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<heading id="DD7A8199FF8BFFA7FF0E336FFC2CFC97" bold="true" box="[151,953,808,834]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B4F9EAE7FF8BFFA7FF0E336FFC2CFC97" bold="true" box="[151,953,808,834]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
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Tribe
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<taxonomicName id="418D4D76FF8BFFA7FF7B336FFCBDFC97" authority="Hedges, Adalsteinsson, & Branch" authorityName="Hedges, Adalsteinsson, & Branch" box="[226,808,808,834]" class="Reptilia" family="Leptotyphlopidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Chordata" rank="tribe" status="trib. nov." tribe="Rhinoleptini">Rhinoleptini Hedges, Adalsteinsson, & Branch</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="AFCA579CFF8BFFA7FCAF336FFC2CFC97" box="[822,953,808,834]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" rank="tribe">New Tribe</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="CE97657EFF8BFFA7FF0E3335FC5FFC5C" box="[151,970,882,906]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" type="type_taxon">
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<paragraph id="863236F5FF8BFFA7FF0E3335FC5FFC5C" blockId="23.[151,970,882,906]" box="[151,970,882,906]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
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<emphasis id="B4F9EAE7FF8BFFA7FF0E3335FE88FC5F" bold="true" box="[151,285,882,906]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
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<typeStatus id="59368857FF8BFFA7FF0E3335FF44FC5F" box="[151,209,882,906]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Type</typeStatus>
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genus.
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</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="418D4D76FF8BFFA7FEBD3335FC53FC5C" authority="Orejas-Miranda, Roux-Esteve, and Guibe, 1970: 4" authorityName="Orejas-Miranda, Roux-Esteve, and Guibe" authorityPageNumber="4" authorityYear="1970" box="[292,966,882,905]" class="Reptilia" family="Leptotyphlopidae" genus="Rhinoleptus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B4F9EAE7FF8BFFA7FEBD3335FE36FC5C" box="[292,419,882,905]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Rhinoleptus</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="E21C4B04FF8BFFA7FE303335FC53FC5C" author="Orejas-Miranda, Roux-Esteve, and Guibe" box="[425,966,882,905]" firstAuthor="Orejas-Miranda" page="4" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" pagination="1 - 4" refId="ref26293" refString="Orejas-Miranda, B. R., Roux-Esteve, M. R. & Guibe, J. (1970) Un nouveau genre de Leptotyphlopides (Ophidia) Rhinoleptus koniagui (Villiers). Comunicaciones Zoologicas del Museo de Historia Natural de Montevideo, 10, 1 - 4." type="journal article" year="1970">Orejas-Miranda, Roux-Estève, and Guibé, 1970: 4</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="CE97657EFF8BFFA7FF0E33FFFCD1FB6E" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="863236F5FF8BFFA7FF0E33FFFC03FB41" blockId="23.[151,1436,952,1366]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
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<emphasis id="B4F9EAE7FF8BFFA7FF0E33FFFE82FC07" bold="true" box="[151,279,952,978]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
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Members of
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<taxonomicName id="418D4D76FF8BFFA7FE2E33FEFDDFFC06" box="[439,586,953,979]" class="Reptilia" family="Leptotyphlopidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Chordata" rank="tribe" tribe="Rhinoleptini">Rhinoleptini</taxonomicName>
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are the only species of the
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<taxonomicName id="418D4D76FF8BFFA7FC0B33FEFB94FC06" box="[914,1025,953,979]" class="Reptilia" family="Leptotyphlopidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Epictinae">Epictinae</taxonomicName>
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that occur in the Old World. They can usually be distinguished from the Tribe
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<taxonomicName id="418D4D76FF8BFFA7FD2633A7FCB5FC2F" box="[703,800,992,1018]" class="Reptilia" family="Leptotyphlopidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Chordata" rank="tribe" tribe="Epictini">Epictini</taxonomicName>
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by possession of a small anterior supralabial scale (usually medium or large in
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<taxonomicName id="418D4D76FF8BFFA7FE753441FDC5FBF5" box="[492,592,1030,1056]" class="Reptilia" family="Leptotyphlopidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Chordata" rank="tribe" tribe="Epictini">Epictini</taxonomicName>
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). One species of
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<taxonomicName id="418D4D76FF8BFFA7FC843441FC27FBF5" box="[797,946,1030,1056]" class="Reptilia" family="Leptotyphlopidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Chordata" rank="tribe" tribe="Rhinoleptini">Rhinoleptini</taxonomicName>
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(
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<taxonomicName id="418D4D76FF8BFFA7FC5D3440FB31FBF5" authorityName="WAF" baseAuthorityName="Jan" baseAuthorityYear="1861" box="[964,1188,1031,1056]" class="Reptilia" family="Leptotyphlopidae" genus="Guinea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sundewalli">
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<emphasis id="B4F9EAE7FF8BFFA7FC5D3440FB31FBF5" box="[964,1188,1031,1056]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Guinea sundewalli</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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) has a large anterior supralabial and two species out of
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<quantity id="41759B10FF8BFFA7FDAD346AFDE4FB92" box="[564,625,1069,1095]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4224" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" unit="in" value="56.0">56 in</quantity>
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<taxonomicName id="418D4D76FF8BFFA7FDE0346AFD43FB92" box="[633,726,1069,1095]" class="Reptilia" family="Leptotyphlopidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Chordata" rank="tribe" tribe="Epictini">Epictini</taxonomicName>
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(
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<taxonomicName id="418D4D76FF8BFFA7FD70346AFC6EFB93" authorityName="SAM" baseAuthorityName="Bailey & Carvalho" baseAuthorityYear="1946" box="[745,1019,1069,1094]" class="Reptilia" family="Leptotyphlopidae" genus="Siagonodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cupinensis">
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<emphasis id="B4F9EAE7FF8BFFA7FD70346AFC6EFB93" box="[745,1019,1069,1094]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Siagonodon cupinensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="418D4D76FF8BFFA7FBAF346AFA9FFB93" authorityName="SAM" baseAuthorityName="Boulenger" baseAuthorityYear="1902" box="[1078,1290,1069,1094]" class="Reptilia" family="Leptotyphlopidae" genus="Rena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="unguirostris">
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<emphasis id="B4F9EAE7FF8BFFA7FBAF346AFA9FFB93" box="[1078,1290,1069,1094]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Rena unguirostris</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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) have small anterior supralabials (Table 2). The support for this group was 52% BP and 64% PP for the four-gene tree (
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<figureCitation id="1EB62A70FF8BFFA7FF06343DFF70FB41" box="[159,229,1146,1172]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,255,1684,1708]" captionTargetBox="[181,1406,188,1658]" captionTargetId="figure-173@6.[179,1407,184,1660]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. A phylogeny of leptotyphlopid snakes based on sequences of four mitochondrial genes (12S rRNA, tRNA- Valine, 16S rRNA, and cytochrome b). Maximum likelihood tree of 91 samples and 2,971 sites. Values are ML bootstrap values followed by Bayesian posterior probabilities. Outgroups are not shown, but included Typhlopidae (Ramphotyphlops), Boidae (Boa), Pythonidae (Python), and Elapidae (Dendroaspis and Naja). The generic taxonomy in this tree reflects usage prior to this study. See Table 1 and Figure 12 for the new classification proposed here." pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
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) and 87% BP and 100% PP for the nine-gene tree (
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<figureCitation id="1EB62A70FF8BFFA7FCD9343DFC1CFB41" box="[832,905,1146,1172]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="7.[151,260,1282,1306]" captionTargetBox="[252,1334,313,1258]" captionTargetId="figure-366@7.[252,1335,310,1258]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. A phylogeny of leptotyphlopid snakes based on sequences of nine genes: five nuclear genes nine (amelogenin, BDNF, C-mos, NT3, and RAG1) and four mitochondrial and nuclear genes (12S rRNA, tRNA-Valine, 16S rRNA, and cytochrome b). Maximum likelihood tree obtained from the nine-gene data set (24 species; 5,563 sites). Values are ML bootstrap values followed by Bayesian posterior probabilities. Outgroups are not shown, but included Typhlopidae (Ramphotyphlops), Boidae (Boa), Pythonidae (Python), and Elapidae (Dendroaspis and Naja). The generic taxonomy in this tree reflects usage prior to this study. See Table 1 and Figure 12 for the new classification proposed here." pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="863236F5FF8BFFA7FF5C34E7FCD1FB6E" blockId="23.[151,1436,952,1366]" box="[197,836,1184,1211]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
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<emphasis id="B4F9EAE7FF8BFFA7FF5C34E7FEA4FB6F" bold="true" box="[197,305,1184,1210]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Content.</emphasis>
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Two genera and six species (
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<tableCitation id="CB0F034EFF8BFFA7FD1E34E6FD75FB6E" box="[647,736,1185,1211]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="9.[151,240,151,175]" captionText="TABLE 1. Classification of snakes of the Family Leptotyphlopidae. The arrangement used in this study is compared with that in previous classifications (e.g., McDiarmid et al. 1999; Uetz et al. 2009). Abbreviations for geographic regions are: AR (Arabia), CAF (Central Africa), EAF (East Africa), MAM (Middle America), NAM (North America), SAF (South Africa), SAM (South America), SOC (Socotra Island), SWA (Southwest Asia), WAF (West Africa), and WI (West Indies). Species in bold were sampled in the molecular analyses. Undescribed species used in this study are not listed." pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Table 1</tableCitation>
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;
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<figureCitation id="1EB62A70FF8BFFA7FD7634E6FCA3FB6E" box="[751,822,1185,1211]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="25.[151,257,1600,1624]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,194,1576]" captionTargetId="figure-169@25.[151,1436,194,1576]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="FIGURE 9. Representatives of the snake Family Leptotyphlopidae from the Old World. (A) Guinea bicolor (Mali; Sikasso; Doussoudiana); photograph by Sébastien Trape. (B) Rhinoleptus koniagui (Senegal: Tambacounda; Ibel), preserved specimen from Sébastien Trape; photograph by S. Blair Hedges. (C) Myriopholis boueti (Sénégal; Dakar; Dakar); photograph by Sébastien Trape. (D) Myriopholis longicauda (South Africa: Northern Province; Limpopo); photograph by William R. Branch. (E) Leptotyphlops distanti (South Africa: Mpumalanga: near Middleburg); photograph by William R. Branch. (F) Leptotyphlops incognitus (South Africa: Mpumalanga: Komati River); photograph by William R. Branch." pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="CE97657EFF8BFFA7FF5C3480FDE6FADD" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" type="distribution">
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<paragraph id="863236F5FF8BFFA7FF5C3480FDE6FADD" blockId="23.[151,1436,952,1366]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
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<emphasis id="B4F9EAE7FF8BFFA7FF5C3480FEF3FB34" bold="true" box="[197,358,1223,1249]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Distribution.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="418D4D76FF8BFFA7FEF7348FFD94FB37" box="[366,513,1224,1250]" class="Reptilia" family="Leptotyphlopidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Chordata" rank="tribe" tribe="Rhinoleptini">Rhinoleptini</taxonomicName>
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is distributed in equatorial Africa, from southern
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<collectingCountry id="FE9A7665FF8BFFA7FBC9348FFB25FB37" box="[1104,1200,1224,1250]" name="Senegal" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Senegal</collectingCountry>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="418D4D76FF8BFFA7FB24348FFA80FB37" box="[1213,1301,1224,1250]" class="Reptilia" family="Leptotyphlopidae" genus="Guinea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="23" pageNumber="46" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Guinea</taxonomicName>
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, and Bioko Island in the west to
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<collectingCountry id="FE9A7665FF8BFFA7FE1334A9FE78FADD" box="[394,493,1262,1288]" name="Ethiopia" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Ethiopia</collectingCountry>
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in the east.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="CE97657EFF8BFFA7FF5C3552FDD8FA83" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="863236F5FF8BFFA7FF5C3552FDD8FA83" blockId="23.[151,1436,952,1366]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
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<emphasis id="B4F9EAE7FF8BFFA7FF5C3552FEABFAFA" bold="true" box="[197,318,1301,1327]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Remarks.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="418D4D76FF8BFFA7FEDC3552FE42FAFA" box="[325,471,1301,1327]" class="Reptilia" family="Leptotyphlopidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Chordata" rank="tribe" tribe="Rhinoleptini">Rhinoleptini</taxonomicName>
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is a primarily West African clade of leptotyphlopids and comprises the Old World members of the Subfamily
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<taxonomicName id="418D4D76FF8BFFA7FE4F357BFDDCFA83" box="[470,585,1340,1366]" class="Reptilia" family="Leptotyphlopidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Epictinae">Epictinae</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |