treatments-xml/data/03/C7/87/03C78783FF876A66FE44CA8EFE53FEDC.xml

<document id="2A861FA8F0B4E7ABF9A98209900EFEC3" ID-DOI="10.1080/00222933.2020.1736679" ID-ISSN="1464-5262" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4608898" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1615923489356" checkinUser="carolina" docAuthor="Mahony, Stephen, Kamei, Rachunliu G., Teeling, Emma C. &amp; Biju, S. D." docDate="2020" docId="03C78783FF876A66FE44CA8EFE53FEDC" docLanguage="en" docName="JNATHIST.54.1-4.119-194.pdf" docOrigin="Journal of Natural History 54 (1 - 4)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2020.1736679" docStyle="DocumentStyle:485A7191CD41D6261F41521A3380DC73.9:JNatHist.2017-.journal_article.1cover" docStyleId="485A7191CD41D6261F41521A3380DC73" docStyleName="JNatHist.2017-.journal_article.1cover" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Megophrys (Xenophrys) dzukou Mahony &amp; Kamei &amp; Teeling &amp; Biju 2020, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="154" masterDocId="FFFEFFFBFF996A42FFDECE02FF83FFAB" masterDocTitle="Taxonomic review of the Asian Horned Frogs (Amphibia: Megophrys Kuhl &amp; Van Hasselt) of Northeast India and Bangladesh previously misidentified as M. parva (Boulenger), with descriptions of three new species" masterLastPageNumber="194" masterPageNumber="119" pageNumber="148" updateTime="1698887099588" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="645D832416F20E03C6A2461935ED524C">Taxonomic review of the Asian Horned Frogs (Amphibia: Megophrys Kuhl &amp; Van Hasselt) of Northeast India and Bangladesh previously misidentified as M. parva (Boulenger), with descriptions of three new species</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="4FF28A53E84E5AF3B2E5FF78446837B6">Mahony, Stephen</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="04E8F2F6D52B0996D01EB676075C0F52">Kamei, Rachunliu G.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="961F890769081B38ED9B2AEE8D8BE23C">Teeling, Emma C.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="A9CF16E36EC54F0319DB42FA32895672">Biju, S. D.</mods:namePart>
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<subSubSection id="C374651EFF876A5CFE44CA8EFC0BFB0E" box="[410,904,1164,1189]" pageId="30" pageNumber="148" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BD13695FF876A5CFE44CA8EFC0BFB0E" blockId="30.[410,904,1164,1189]" box="[410,904,1164,1189]" pageId="30" pageNumber="148">
<heading id="D09981F9FF876A5CFE44CA8EFC0BFB0E" box="[410,904,1164,1189]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="30" pageNumber="148" reason="2">
<emphasis id="B91AEA87FF876A5CFE44CA8EFC0BFB0E" bold="true" box="[410,904,1164,1189]" pageId="30" pageNumber="148">
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D16FF876A5CFE44CA8EFC9DFB0E" authority="Mahony &amp; Kamei &amp; Teeling &amp; Biju, 2020" authorityName="Mahony &amp; Kamei &amp; Teeling &amp; Biju" authorityYear="2020" box="[410,798,1164,1189]" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Megophrys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="30" pageNumber="148" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dzukou" status="sp. nov." subGenus="Xenophrys">
<emphasis id="B91AEA87FF876A5CFE44CA8EFDA1FB0E" bold="true" box="[410,546,1164,1189]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="148">Megophrys</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B91AEA87FF876A5CFDEDCA8EFD37FB0E" bold="true" box="[563,692,1164,1189]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="148">Xenophrys</emphasis>
) 
<emphasis id="B91AEA87FF876A5CFD1ACA8EFC9DFB0E" bold="true" box="[708,798,1164,1189]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="148">dzukou</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22957FCFF876A5CFCF8CA8EFC0BFB0E" box="[806,904,1164,1189]" pageId="30" pageNumber="148" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BD13695FF876A5CFF7ECAE0FC6DFAEA" blockId="30.[160,1156,1250,1345]" pageId="30" pageNumber="148">
<materialsCitation id="3B063CC8FF876A5CFF7ECAE0FC6DFAEA" collectingDate="2007-06-23" collectionCode="RGK, VK" country="India" elevation="2650" latitude="25.560555" location="Adult" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="94.08056" pageId="30" pageNumber="148" specimenCode="BNHS 6072, SDBDU 2007.106" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Nagaland" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis id="B91AEA87FF876A5CFF7ECAE0FE91FB57" bold="true" box="[160,274,1250,1276]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="148">
<typeStatus id="54D58837FF876A5CFF7ECAE0FE8EFB57" box="[160,269,1250,1276]" pageId="30" pageNumber="148" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
.
</emphasis>
<location id="8EB1604EFF876A5CFEFFCAE6FEDDFB57" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C78783FF876A66FE44CA8EFE53FEDC:8EB1604EFF876A5CFEFFCAE6FEDDFB57" box="[289,350,1252,1276]" country="India" latitude="25.560555" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="94.08056" name="Adult" pageId="30" pageNumber="148" stateProvince="Nagaland">Adult</location>
male (
<specimenCode id="DBC89EEEFF876A5CFE76CAE6FDA5FB57" box="[424,550,1252,1276]" collectionCode="BNHS" country="India" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/8g20-8f2r" name="Bombay Natural History Society" pageId="30" pageNumber="148">BNHS 6072</specimenCode>
[field tag 
<specimenCode id="DBC89EEEFF876A5CFD49CAE6FCD5FB57" box="[663,854,1252,1276]" collectionCode="SDBDU" pageId="30" pageNumber="148">SDBDU 2007.106</specimenCode>
] [Figures (7 and 8(a)]) from Dzükou Valley, Jakhama circle (
<geoCoordinate id="EE5A5052FF876A5CFDC6CB05FD13FAB4" box="[536,656,1287,1311]" degrees="25.560555" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="30" pageNumber="148" precision="1" value="25.560555">25.560555</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE5A5052FF876A5CFD7ECB05FC95FAB4" box="[672,790,1287,1311]" degrees="94.080555" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="30" pageNumber="148" precision="1" value="94.08056">94.080555</geoCoordinate>
, 
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<quantity id="4C969B70FF876A5CFCF9CB05FC02FAB4" box="[807,897,1287,1311]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.65" pageId="30" pageNumber="148" unit="m" value="2650.0">2650 m</quantity>
asl
</elevation>
.), Kohima district, 
<collectingRegion id="49AAF877FF876A5CFF7ECB2BFECFFAEA" box="[160,332,1321,1345]" country="India" name="Nagaland" pageId="30" pageNumber="148">Nagaland state</collectingRegion>
, Northeast 
<collectingCountry id="F3797605FF876A5CFE12CB2BFD85FAEA" box="[460,518,1321,1345]" name="India" pageId="30" pageNumber="148">India</collectingCountry>
, collected by 
<collectionCode id="ED7FAE50FF876A5CFD7ECB2BFD4DFAEA" box="[672,718,1321,1345]" pageId="30" pageNumber="148">RGK</collectionCode>
and 
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on 
<date id="FFD01055FF876A5CFC8CCB2BFC69FAEA" box="[850,1002,1321,1345]" pageId="30" pageNumber="148" value="2007-06-23">
<collectingDate id="EF94E9BDFF876A5CFC8CCB2BFC69FAEA" box="[850,1002,1321,1345]" pageId="30" pageNumber="148" value="2007-06-23">23 June 2007</collectingDate>
</date>
.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD13695FF876A5CFF7ECB6FFC24FA01" blockId="30.[160,1155,1389,1450]" pageId="30" pageNumber="148">
<materialsCitation id="3B063CC8FF876A5CFF7ECB6FFC20FA01" collectionCode="BNHS, SDBDU" pageId="30" pageNumber="148" specimenCode="BNHS 6073, SDBDU 2007.107, BNHS 6074, SDBDU 2007.108" specimenCount="2" typeStatus="paratype">
<emphasis id="B91AEA87FF876A5CFF7ECB6FFE9FFA2C" bold="true" box="[160,284,1389,1415]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="148">
<typeStatus id="54D58837FF876A5CFF7ECB6FFE94FA2C" box="[160,279,1389,1415]" pageId="30" pageNumber="148" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
.
</emphasis>
Two adult males (
<specimenCode id="DBC89EEEFF876A5CFE24CB6DFDFFFA2C" box="[506,636,1391,1415]" collectionCode="BNHS" country="India" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/8g20-8f2r" name="Bombay Natural History Society" pageId="30" pageNumber="148">BNHS 6073</specimenCode>
[field tag 
<specimenCode id="DBC89EEEFF876A5CFD29CB6DFC3AFA2C" box="[759,953,1391,1415]" collectionCode="SDBDU" pageId="30" pageNumber="148">SDBDU 2007.107</specimenCode>
] (
<figureCitation id="13552A10FF876A5CFC0ECB6DFBB2FA2C" box="[976,1073,1391,1415]" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="32.[161,226,871,894]" captionTargetBox="[164,1151,157,834]" captionTargetId="figure-267@32.[164,1154,156,839]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="Figure 8. Megophrys dzukou sp. nov. from Kohima district, Nagaland state, India: (a). adult male holotype (BNHS 6072: SVL 34.2 mm) in life; (b–d). adult males in preservation showing variation: (b). paratype (BNHS 6073: SVL 35.1 mm), dorsal view; (c). referred specimen (SDBDU 2007.109: SVL 35.3 mm), dorsal view; (d). left, paratype (BNHS 6072) and right, referred specimen (SDBDU 2007.109), ventral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4608918" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4608918/files/figure.png" pageId="30" pageNumber="148">Figure 8</figureCitation>
(b,d)) &amp; 
<specimenCode id="DBC89EEEFF876A5CFF7ECB90FE9EFA01" box="[160,285,1426,1450]" collectionCode="BNHS" country="India" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/8g20-8f2r" name="Bombay Natural History Society" pageId="30" pageNumber="148">BNHS 6074</specimenCode>
[field tag 
<specimenCode id="DBC89EEEFF876A5CFE4ECB90FDD7FA01" box="[400,596,1426,1450]" collectionCode="SDBDU" pageId="30" pageNumber="148">SDBDU 2007.108</specimenCode>
]), collected with the 
<typeStatus id="54D58837FF876A5CFCE2CB90FC20FA01" box="[828,931,1426,1450]" pageId="30" pageNumber="148" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD13695FF876A5CFF7ECBD7FE88F9B9" blockId="30.[160,1155,1493,1554]" pageId="30" pageNumber="148">
<emphasis id="B91AEA87FF876A5CFF7ECBD7FEFCFA44" bold="true" box="[160,383,1493,1519]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="148">Referred specimen.</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="3B063CC8FF876A5CFE51CBD5FE84F9B9" collectionCode="SDBDU" pageId="30" pageNumber="148" specimenCode="SDBDU 2007.109" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
One adult male (
<specimenCode id="DBC89EEEFF876A5CFD99CBD5FC86FA44" box="[583,773,1495,1519]" collectionCode="SDBDU" pageId="30" pageNumber="148">SDBDU 2007.109</specimenCode>
[
<figureCitation id="13552A10FF876A5CFCCACBD5FCF3FA44" box="[788,880,1495,1519]" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="32.[161,226,871,894]" captionTargetBox="[164,1151,157,834]" captionTargetId="figure-267@32.[164,1154,156,839]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="Figure 8. Megophrys dzukou sp. nov. from Kohima district, Nagaland state, India: (a). adult male holotype (BNHS 6072: SVL 34.2 mm) in life; (b–d). adult males in preservation showing variation: (b). paratype (BNHS 6073: SVL 35.1 mm), dorsal view; (c). referred specimen (SDBDU 2007.109: SVL 35.3 mm), dorsal view; (d). left, paratype (BNHS 6072) and right, referred specimen (SDBDU 2007.109), ventral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4608918" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4608918/files/figure.png" pageId="30" pageNumber="148">Figure 8</figureCitation>
(c,d)]), collected with the 
<typeStatus id="54D58837FF876A5CFF7ECBF8FE84F9B9" box="[160,263,1530,1554]" pageId="30" pageNumber="148" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD13695FF876A5CFF7EC83FFB00F914" blockId="30.[160,1156,1597,1727]" pageId="30" pageNumber="148">
<emphasis id="B91AEA87FF876A5CFF7EC83FFD36F9FC" bold="true" box="[160,693,1597,1623]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="148">
<typeStatus id="54D58837FF876A5CFF7EC83FFE88F9FC" box="[160,267,1597,1623]" pageId="30" pageNumber="148" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
description (measurements in mm).
</emphasis>
Mature male (
<collectionCode id="ED7FAE50FF876A5CFC81C83DFC09F9FC" box="[863,906,1599,1623]" pageId="30" pageNumber="148">SVL</collectionCode>
34.2) (
<figureCitation id="13552A10FF876A5CFC08C83DFBBEF9FC" box="[982,1085,1599,1623]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="31.[160,225,1324,1347]" captionTargetBox="[163,1153,146,1293]" captionTargetId="figure-94@31.[163,1153,146,1293]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="Figure 7. Megophrys dzukou sp. nov. adult male holotype (BNHS 6072: SVL 34.2 mm) in preservation, from Kohima district, Nagaland state, India: (a). dorsal view; (b). ventral view; (c). profile view of head; (d). ventral view of hand; (e). ventral view of foot." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4608915" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4608915/files/figure.png" pageId="30" pageNumber="148">Figures 7</figureCitation>
and 
<figureCitation id="13552A10FF876A5CFBABC83DFB00F9FC" box="[1141,1155,1599,1623]" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="32.[161,226,871,894]" captionTargetBox="[164,1151,157,834]" captionTargetId="figure-267@32.[164,1154,156,839]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="Figure 8. Megophrys dzukou sp. nov. from Kohima district, Nagaland state, India: (a). adult male holotype (BNHS 6072: SVL 34.2 mm) in life; (b–d). adult males in preservation showing variation: (b). paratype (BNHS 6073: SVL 35.1 mm), dorsal view; (c). referred specimen (SDBDU 2007.109: SVL 35.3 mm), dorsal view; (d). left, paratype (BNHS 6072) and right, referred specimen (SDBDU 2007.109), ventral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4608918" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4608918/files/figure.png" pageId="30" pageNumber="148">8</figureCitation>
(a)). Head small, longer than wide (
<collectionCode id="ED7FAE50FF876A5CFDC0C860FDCBF9D1" box="[542,584,1634,1658]" pageId="30" pageNumber="148">HW</collectionCode>
11.4, HL 11.7, 
<collectionCode id="ED7FAE50FF876A5CFD3AC860FC87F9D1" box="[740,772,1634,1658]" country="Nigeria" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13788" name="Obafemi Awolowo University" pageId="30" pageNumber="148" type="Herbarium">IFE</collectionCode>
6.1, 
<collectionCode id="ED7FAE50FF876A5CFCE8C860FCDBF9D1" box="[822,856,1634,1658]" country="Spain" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/qyi3-sxew" name="Institut de Biologia Evolutiva, (CSIC-UPF)" pageId="30" pageNumber="148">IBE</collectionCode>
9.5); snout bluntly pointed in dorsal view, obtusely protruding in lateral view, rostral appendage absent (
<figureCitation id="13552A10FF876A5CFBDEC887FBD8F936" box="[1024,1115,1669,1693]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="31.[160,225,1324,1347]" captionTargetBox="[163,1153,146,1293]" captionTargetId="figure-94@31.[163,1153,146,1293]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="Figure 7. Megophrys dzukou sp. nov. adult male holotype (BNHS 6072: SVL 34.2 mm) in preservation, from Kohima district, Nagaland state, India: (a). dorsal view; (b). ventral view; (c). profile view of head; (d). ventral view of hand; (e). ventral view of foot." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4608915" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4608915/files/figure.png" pageId="30" pageNumber="148">Figure 7</figureCitation>
(c)); loreal region acute, concave; canthus rostralis angular; dorsal region of snout slightly
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF11661DFF866A5DFF7ECB2EFD0CFAD5" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4608915" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4608915" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4608915/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="149" startId="31.[160,225,1324,1347]" targetBox="[163,1153,146,1293]" targetPageId="31">
<paragraph id="8BD13695FF866A5DFF7ECB2EFD0CFAD5" blockId="31.[160,1157,1323,1406]" pageId="31" pageNumber="149">
<emphasis id="B91AEA87FF866A5DFF7ECB2EFF7AFAE8" bold="true" box="[160,249,1324,1347]" pageId="31" pageNumber="149">Figure 7.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D16FF866A5DFEDECB29FE37FAE9" authority="Mahony &amp; Kamei &amp; Teeling &amp; Biju, 2020" authorityName="Mahony &amp; Kamei &amp; Teeling &amp; Biju" authorityYear="2020" box="[256,436,1323,1346]" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Megophrys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="31" pageNumber="149" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dzukou" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B91AEA87FF866A5DFEDECB29FE37FAE9" box="[256,436,1323,1346]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="149">Megophrys dzukou</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22957FCFF866A5DFE64CB2EFD8FFAE8" box="[442,524,1324,1347]" pageId="31" pageNumber="149" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B91AEA87FF866A5DFE64CB2EFD84FAE8" bold="true" box="[442,519,1324,1347]" pageId="31" pageNumber="149">sp. nov</emphasis>
.
</taxonomicNameLabel>
adult male holotype (BNHS 6072: SVL 34.2 mm) in preservation, from Kohima district, Nagaland state, India: (a). dorsal view; (b). ventral view; (c). profile view of head; (d). ventral view of hand; (e). ventral view of foot.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BD13695FF866A62FF7ECBC8FB89FB38" blockId="31.[160,1156,1482,1715]" lastBlockId="32.[160,1156,1078,1726]" lastPageId="32" lastPageNumber="150" pageId="31" pageNumber="149">
concave; eye length more than twice maximum tympanum diameter, and shorter than snout (
<collectionCode id="ED7FAE50FF866A5DFF2ECBEFFE8FF9AE" box="[240,268,1517,1541]" pageId="31" pageNumber="149">EL</collectionCode>
4.4, 
<collectionCode id="ED7FAE50FF866A5DFE99CBEFFEF7F9AE" box="[327,372,1517,1541]" pageId="31" pageNumber="149">TYD</collectionCode>
2.0, SL 4.7); eye 
<emphasis id="B91AEA87FF866A5DFDEACBEFFDC2F9AE" box="[564,577,1517,1541]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="149">–</emphasis>
tympanum distance (
<collectionCode id="ED7FAE50FF866A5DFCEACBEFFCDCF9AE" box="[820,863,1517,1541]" pageId="31" pageNumber="149">TYE</collectionCode>
2.0) equal to tympanum diameter; tympanum circular, upper border not concealed by supratympanic ridge (
<figureCitation id="13552A10FF866A5DFF79C830FE80F9E1" box="[167,259,1586,1610]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="31.[160,225,1324,1347]" captionTargetBox="[163,1153,146,1293]" captionTargetId="figure-94@31.[163,1153,146,1293]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="Figure 7. Megophrys dzukou sp. nov. adult male holotype (BNHS 6072: SVL 34.2 mm) in preservation, from Kohima district, Nagaland state, India: (a). dorsal view; (b). ventral view; (c). profile view of head; (d). ventral view of hand; (e). ventral view of foot." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4608915" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4608915/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="149">Figure 7</figureCitation>
(c)); pupil appears vertically oval in preservation; nostril oval, orientated laterally, closer to eye than snout (
<collectionCode id="ED7FAE50FF866A5DFE6AC857FE57F9C6" box="[436,468,1621,1645]" pageId="31" pageNumber="149">EN</collectionCode>
2.2, 
<collectionCode id="ED7FAE50FF866A5DFDDBC857FDA7F9C6" box="[517,548,1621,1645]" pageId="31" pageNumber="149">NS</collectionCode>
2.4); internarial distance greater than eyelid width, and narrowest point between upper eyelids (
<collectionCode id="ED7FAE50FF866A5DFDBCC87AFDF8F93B" box="[610,635,1656,1680]" pageId="31" pageNumber="149">IN</collectionCode>
4.0, 
<collectionCode id="ED7FAE50FF866A5DFD73C87AFD61F93B" box="[685,738,1656,1680]" pageId="31" pageNumber="149">UEW</collectionCode>
3.7, 
<collectionCode id="ED7FAE50FF866A5DFCCAC87AFCBAF93B" box="[788,825,1656,1680]" pageId="31" pageNumber="149">IUE</collectionCode>
3.4); pineal ocellus not visible externally; vomerine ridges small, ovoid, weakly raised, orientated acutely, positioned between to slightly posterior to choanae, equidistant from each other and choanae; vomerine teeth small; maxillary teeth present; tongue large, covers almost entire floor of mouth, cordiform (with weak notch posteriorly), no medial lingual process.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF11661DFFB96A62FF7FCD65FE0EFC58" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4608918" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4608918" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4608918/files/figure.png" pageId="32" pageNumber="150" startId="32.[161,226,871,894]" targetBox="[164,1151,157,834]" targetPageId="32">
<paragraph id="8BD13695FFB96A62FF7FCD65FE0EFC58" blockId="32.[161,1157,870,1011]" pageId="32" pageNumber="150">
<emphasis id="B91AEA87FFB96A62FF7FCD65FF7CFCD5" bold="true" box="[161,255,871,894]" pageId="32" pageNumber="150">Figure 8.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D16FFB96A62FED7CD64FE43FCD6" authority="Mahony &amp; Kamei &amp; Teeling &amp; Biju, 2020" authorityName="Mahony &amp; Kamei &amp; Teeling &amp; Biju" authorityYear="2020" box="[265,448,870,893]" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Megophrys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="32" pageNumber="150" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dzukou" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B91AEA87FFB96A62FED7CD64FE43FCD6" box="[265,448,870,893]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="150">Megophrys dzukou</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22957FCFFB96A62FE15CD65FDA3FCD5" box="[459,544,871,894]" pageId="32" pageNumber="150" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B91AEA87FFB96A62FE15CD65FD98FCD5" bold="true" box="[459,539,871,894]" pageId="32" pageNumber="150">sp. nov</emphasis>
.
</taxonomicNameLabel>
from Kohima district, Nagaland state, India: (a). adult male holotype (BNHS 6072: SVL 34.2 mm) in life; (b 
<emphasis id="B91AEA87FFB96A62FDB9CD86FDF7FC30" box="[615,628,900,923]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="150">–</emphasis>
d). adult males in preservation showing variation: (b). paratype (BNHS 6073: SVL 35.1 mm), dorsal view; (c). referred specimen (SDBDU 2007.109: SVL 35.3 mm), dorsal view; (d). left, paratype (BNHS 6072) and right, referred specimen (SDBDU 2007.109), ventral view.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BD13695FFB96A62FF1ECA9CFB97F998" blockId="32.[160,1156,1078,1726]" pageId="32" pageNumber="150">
Forelimbs moderately long, thin (
<figureCitation id="13552A10FFB96A62FDE0CA9CFD1EFB1D" box="[574,669,1182,1206]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="31.[160,225,1324,1347]" captionTargetBox="[163,1153,146,1293]" captionTargetId="figure-94@31.[163,1153,146,1293]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="Figure 7. Megophrys dzukou sp. nov. adult male holotype (BNHS 6072: SVL 34.2 mm) in preservation, from Kohima district, Nagaland state, India: (a). dorsal view; (b). ventral view; (c). profile view of head; (d). ventral view of hand; (e). ventral view of foot." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4608915" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4608915/files/figure.png" pageId="32" pageNumber="150">Figure 7</figureCitation>
(a,b)); forearms considerably enlarged relative to upper forelimbs, forearm shorter than hand length (
<collectionCode id="ED7FAE50FFB96A62FC85CAC3FC04FB72" box="[859,903,1217,1241]" pageId="32" pageNumber="150">FAL</collectionCode>
7.6, 
<collectionCode id="ED7FAE50FFB96A62FC1ACAC3FC71FB72" box="[964,1010,1217,1241]" country="Germany" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15866" name="Martin-Luther-Universität" pageId="32" pageNumber="150" type="Herbarium">HAL</collectionCode>
9.2); fingers moderately long, narrow, lateral dermal fringes absent (
<figureCitation id="13552A10FFB96A62FCD4CAE1FCE5FB50" box="[778,870,1251,1275]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="31.[160,225,1324,1347]" captionTargetBox="[163,1153,146,1293]" captionTargetId="figure-94@31.[163,1153,146,1293]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="Figure 7. Megophrys dzukou sp. nov. adult male holotype (BNHS 6072: SVL 34.2 mm) in preservation, from Kohima district, Nagaland state, India: (a). dorsal view; (b). ventral view; (c). profile view of head; (d). ventral view of hand; (e). ventral view of foot." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4608915" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4608915/files/figure.png" pageId="32" pageNumber="150">Figure 7</figureCitation>
(d)), finger length formula I = II &lt;IV &lt;
<collectionCode id="ED7FAE50FFB96A62FEF4CB04FEBEFAB5" box="[298,317,1286,1310]" pageId="32" pageNumber="150">III</collectionCode>
(
<collectionCode id="ED7FAE50FFB96A62FE95CB04FEEEFAB5" box="[331,365,1286,1310]" pageId="32" pageNumber="150">FIL</collectionCode>
3.4, 
<collectionCode id="ED7FAE50FFB96A62FE7ACB04FE49FAB5" box="[420,458,1286,1310]" pageId="32" pageNumber="150">FIIL</collectionCode>
3.4, 
<collectionCode id="ED7FAE50FFB96A62FDDCCB04FDACFAB5" box="[514,559,1286,1310]" pageId="32" pageNumber="150">FIIIL</collectionCode>
6.0, 
<collectionCode id="ED7FAE50FFB96A62FDB8CB04FD16FAB5" box="[614,661,1286,1310]" pageId="32" pageNumber="150">FIVL</collectionCode>
4.3); interdigital webbing, and subarticular, supernumerary and metacarpal tubercles absent; thenar tubercles weak; fingertips rounded, not expanded relative to digit widths, with circular pads, terminal grooves on fingertips absent. Hindlimbs long, thin (
<figureCitation id="13552A10FFB96A62FD80CB6CFD39FA2D" box="[606,698,1390,1414]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="31.[160,225,1324,1347]" captionTargetBox="[163,1153,146,1293]" captionTargetId="figure-94@31.[163,1153,146,1293]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="Figure 7. Megophrys dzukou sp. nov. adult male holotype (BNHS 6072: SVL 34.2 mm) in preservation, from Kohima district, Nagaland state, India: (a). dorsal view; (b). ventral view; (c). profile view of head; (d). ventral view of hand; (e). ventral view of foot." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4608915" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4608915/files/figure.png" pageId="32" pageNumber="150">Figure 7</figureCitation>
(a 
<emphasis id="B91AEA87FFB96A62FD10CB6CFD58FA2D" box="[718,731,1390,1414]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="150">–</emphasis>
b)); thigh shorter than shank and foot (TL 15.6, 
<collectionCode id="ED7FAE50FFB96A62FED2CB93FEB4FA02" box="[268,311,1425,1449]" pageId="32" pageNumber="150">SHL</collectionCode>
17.0, 
<collectionCode id="ED7FAE50FFB96A62FE5CCB93FE2DFA02" box="[386,430,1425,1449]" pageId="32" pageNumber="150">FOL</collectionCode>
17.2); toes long, dorsoventrally flattened, weak lateral dermal ridges present (
<figureCitation id="13552A10FFB96A62FE8ECBB1FE2FFA60" box="[336,428,1459,1483]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="31.[160,225,1324,1347]" captionTargetBox="[163,1153,146,1293]" captionTargetId="figure-94@31.[163,1153,146,1293]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="Figure 7. Megophrys dzukou sp. nov. adult male holotype (BNHS 6072: SVL 34.2 mm) in preservation, from Kohima district, Nagaland state, India: (a). dorsal view; (b). ventral view; (c). profile view of head; (d). ventral view of hand; (e). ventral view of foot." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4608915" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4608915/files/figure.png" pageId="32" pageNumber="150">Figure 7</figureCitation>
(e)), relative toe lengths I &lt;II &lt;
<collectionCode id="ED7FAE50FFB96A62FCCDCBB1FCA1FA60" box="[787,802,1459,1483]" country="Canada" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13946" name="Royal British Columbia Museum - Herbarium" pageId="32" pageNumber="150" type="Museum">V</collectionCode>
&lt;
<collectionCode id="ED7FAE50FFB96A62FC9FCBB1FCD7FA60" box="[833,852,1459,1483]" pageId="32" pageNumber="150">III</collectionCode>
&lt;IV; toe tips rounded, not dilated, with distinct circular pads, terminal groves on toe tips absent; webbing absent; inner metatarsal tubercle indistinct; subarticular, supernumerary and outer metatarsal tubercles absent; ridge of callous tissue present on ventral surface of all digits.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD13695FFB96A63FF1EC83CFC20FD8F" blockId="32.[160,1156,1078,1726]" lastBlockId="33.[160,1156,142,1276]" lastPageId="33" lastPageNumber="151" pageId="32" pageNumber="150">
Skin of dorsal surfaces of body, limbs, and dorsal and lateral surfaces of head smooth (
<figureCitation id="13552A10FFB96A62FF76C863FE8BF9D2" box="[168,264,1633,1657]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="31.[160,225,1324,1347]" captionTargetBox="[163,1153,146,1293]" captionTargetId="figure-94@31.[163,1153,146,1293]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="Figure 7. Megophrys dzukou sp. nov. adult male holotype (BNHS 6072: SVL 34.2 mm) in preservation, from Kohima district, Nagaland state, India: (a). dorsal view; (b). ventral view; (c). profile view of head; (d). ventral view of hand; (e). ventral view of foot." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4608915" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4608915/files/figure.png" pageId="32" pageNumber="150">Figure 7</figureCitation>
(a 
<emphasis id="B91AEA87FFB96A62FEC2C862FEAAF9D3" box="[284,297,1632,1656]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="150">–</emphasis>
b)); tympanum smooth with borders slightly raised; outer edge of upper eyelids each with a short, weak ridge; supratympanic ridge narrow anteriorly, expands posterior to tympanum to become large and glandular, extending from orbit in a straight line to upper tympanum border, broadly curving obliquely downward along posterior border of tympanum, terminating above forearm insertion on each side (
<figureCitation id="13552A10FFB86A63FC25CEB3FBD8FF62" box="[1019,1115,177,201]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="31.[160,225,1324,1347]" captionTargetBox="[163,1153,146,1293]" captionTargetId="figure-94@31.[163,1153,146,1293]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="Figure 7. Megophrys dzukou sp. nov. adult male holotype (BNHS 6072: SVL 34.2 mm) in preservation, from Kohima district, Nagaland state, India: (a). dorsal view; (b). ventral view; (c). profile view of head; (d). ventral view of hand; (e). ventral view of foot." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4608915" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4608915/files/figure.png" pageId="33" pageNumber="151">Figure 7</figureCitation>
(c)); flanks with few large scattered pustular tubercles; dorsolateral ridge short, thick, well defined, extending from behind supratympanic ridge to ~25% trunk length on each side; weak, 
<emphasis id="B91AEA87FFB86A63FF39CF1BFF6EFE9A" box="[231,237,281,305]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="151">‘</emphasis>
\ / 
<emphasis id="B91AEA87FFB86A63FED8CF1BFE8FFE9A" box="[262,268,281,305]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="151">’</emphasis>
-shaped parietoscapular ridge present, its two sides extending posteriorly from above tympanum, terminating beyond level of axilla; mid-dorsal and sacral ridges absent (
<figureCitation id="13552A10FFB86A63FF76CF5CFE8BFEDD" box="[168,264,350,374]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="31.[160,225,1324,1347]" captionTargetBox="[163,1153,146,1293]" captionTargetId="figure-94@31.[163,1153,146,1293]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="Figure 7. Megophrys dzukou sp. nov. adult male holotype (BNHS 6072: SVL 34.2 mm) in preservation, from Kohima district, Nagaland state, India: (a). dorsal view; (b). ventral view; (c). profile view of head; (d). ventral view of hand; (e). ventral view of foot." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4608915" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4608915/files/figure.png" pageId="33" pageNumber="151">Figure 7</figureCitation>
(a 
<emphasis id="B91AEA87FFB86A63FEC2CF5CFEAAFEDD" box="[284,297,350,374]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="151">–</emphasis>
b)); short, obliquely transverse ridges present on dorsal surface of thighs, shanks and forearms. Gular region, chest, abdomen and ventral surfaces of limbs smooth; pectoral glands indistinct; femoral glands moderately large, slightly raised, positioned equidistant from knee and cloaca on posterior surface of thighs; white and black skin asperities present, sparse at axis of lower and upper jaws, and on surrounding tympanic region (absent from tympanum), absent from all remaining surfaces.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD13695FFB86A63FF1ECC2CFEB6FB57" blockId="33.[160,1156,142,1276]" pageId="33" pageNumber="151">
<emphasis id="B91AEA87FFB86A63FF1ECC2CFE30FDED" box="[192,435,558,582]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="151">Colour: In preservation</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="13552A10FFB86A63FE1ECC2CFD98FDED" box="[448,539,558,582]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="31.[160,225,1324,1347]" captionTargetBox="[163,1153,146,1293]" captionTargetId="figure-94@31.[163,1153,146,1293]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="Figure 7. Megophrys dzukou sp. nov. adult male holotype (BNHS 6072: SVL 34.2 mm) in preservation, from Kohima district, Nagaland state, India: (a). dorsal view; (b). ventral view; (c). profile view of head; (d). ventral view of hand; (e). ventral view of foot." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4608915" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4608915/files/figure.png" pageId="33" pageNumber="151">Figure 7</figureCitation>
): Dorsal and lateral surfaces of head and body primarily light greyish-brown; light edged, solid dark brown triangular marking between eyes; longitudinal brown stripe on mid-dorsal snout; barely distinct mid-brown 
<emphasis id="B91AEA87FFB86A63FBD1CC71FB97FD20" box="[1039,1044,627,651]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="151">‘</emphasis>
X 
<emphasis id="B91AEA87FFB86A63FBFACC71FBAAFD20" box="[1060,1065,627,651]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="151">’</emphasis>
-shaped marking on dorsum; dorsal ridges and flank tubercles light brownish-cream with bordering dark brown spots and speckling; front of snout and lateral edge of canthus rostralis dark brown; wide vertical dark brown bar below eyes; dark brown blotch extends from posterior canthus, through tympanum; supratympanic ridges light yellowish-cream; dorsal surfaces of forelimbs and hindlimbs primarily light greyish-brown, suffused with a hint of yellowish-brown primarily on upper arms and thighs; two dark brown blotches on anterior lateral surface of forearms; dorsal surface of outer three fingers with dark brown blotches; lateral (postaxial) surfaces of thighs and shanks with dark brown spots and blotches. Throat, chest, abdomen and ventral surfaces of forelimbs, thighs and shanks primarily pale grey, suffused with yellow on lateral and posterior abdomen and limbs; some small dark brown spots and blotches laterally along abdomen on both sides; area surrounding vent and posterior surfaces of thighs dark brown; ventral surfaces of tarsus and feet dark brown with contrasting light grey callous ridges on toes, grey oval patch on region where inner metatarsal tubercle would be if present; forelimbs and hands ventrally mottled creamish-white and dark greyish-brown with ventral surfaces of digits light grey; femoral glands creamish-white. 
<emphasis id="B91AEA87FFB86A63FDD6CA9CFDC7FB1D" box="[520,580,1182,1206]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="151">In life</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="13552A10FFB86A63FD8DCA9CFD2CFB1D" box="[595,687,1182,1206]" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="32.[161,226,871,894]" captionTargetBox="[164,1151,157,834]" captionTargetId="figure-267@32.[164,1154,156,839]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="Figure 8. Megophrys dzukou sp. nov. from Kohima district, Nagaland state, India: (a). adult male holotype (BNHS 6072: SVL 34.2 mm) in life; (b–d). adult males in preservation showing variation: (b). paratype (BNHS 6073: SVL 35.1 mm), dorsal view; (c). referred specimen (SDBDU 2007.109: SVL 35.3 mm), dorsal view; (d). left, paratype (BNHS 6072) and right, referred specimen (SDBDU 2007.109), ventral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4608918" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4608918/files/figure.png" pageId="33" pageNumber="151">Figure 8</figureCitation>
(a)): As in preservation but more vivid, i.e. dorsally and laterally mid-brown; no contrasting colouration on groin; iris mahogany brown in life.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C374651EFFB86A61FF7ECB2AFE35FEFF" lastPageId="35" lastPageNumber="153" pageId="33" pageNumber="151" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BD13695FFB86A60FF7ECB2AFDE7FEDD" blockId="33.[160,1157,1320,1727]" lastBlockId="34.[160,1156,142,374]" lastPageId="34" lastPageNumber="152" pageId="33" pageNumber="151">
<emphasis id="B91AEA87FFB86A63FF7ECB2AFE96FAE9" bold="true" box="[160,277,1320,1346]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="151">Variation.</emphasis>
See 
<tableCitation id="C6EC032EFFB86A63FE8CCB28FE21FAE9" box="[338,418,1322,1346]" captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="16.[133,189,446,469]" captionText="Table 2. Specimen morphometrics for all M. (X.) megacephala SG taxa and four paralectotypes of M. parva. Previously published measurements are included for M. megacephala from Mahony et al. (2011), and for M. ancrae and M. oropedion from Mahony et al. (2013). Refer to the Methods and materials section for" pageId="33" pageNumber="151">Table 2</tableCitation>
for morphometric variation within the specimen series of four adult males. 
<typeStatus id="54D58837FFB86A63FF32CB4FFED6FACE" box="[236,341,1357,1381]" pageId="33" pageNumber="151" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
and the referred specimen resemble the 
<typeStatus id="54D58837FFB86A63FCC5CB4FFCF8FACE" box="[795,891,1357,1381]" pageId="33" pageNumber="151" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
for most morphological characters with some exceptions: BNHS 6073 has a vomerine ridge on right side only; short weak ridge on eyelids replaced by small bump on BNHS 6073, BNHS 6074, and SDBDU 2007.109; small flat pectoral glands visible on BNHS 6074 and SDBDU 2007.109; 
<emphasis id="B91AEA87FFB86A63FBD4CBB6FB8CFA67" box="[1034,1039,1460,1484]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="151">‘</emphasis>
\ / 
<emphasis id="B91AEA87FFB86A63FBF6CBB6FBAEFA67" box="[1064,1069,1460,1484]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="151">’</emphasis>
-shaped parietoscapular ridge absent on BNHS 6074; dorsolateral ridge absent on SDBDU 2007.109, and absent on left side on BNHS 6073; tongue appears rounded posteriorly on SDBDU 2007.109; on SDBDU 2007.109, 
<emphasis id="B91AEA87FFB86A63FE25C81EFD83F99F" box="[507,512,1564,1588]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="151">‘</emphasis>
X 
<emphasis id="B91AEA87FFB86A63FDD1C81EFD97F99F" box="[527,532,1564,1588]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="151">’</emphasis>
-shaped dorsal marking indistinct (
<figureCitation id="13552A10FFB86A63FC4CC81FFC6FF99E" box="[914,1004,1565,1589]" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="32.[161,226,871,894]" captionTargetBox="[164,1151,157,834]" captionTargetId="figure-267@32.[164,1154,156,839]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="Figure 8. Megophrys dzukou sp. nov. from Kohima district, Nagaland state, India: (a). adult male holotype (BNHS 6072: SVL 34.2 mm) in life; (b–d). adult males in preservation showing variation: (b). paratype (BNHS 6073: SVL 35.1 mm), dorsal view; (c). referred specimen (SDBDU 2007.109: SVL 35.3 mm), dorsal view; (d). left, paratype (BNHS 6072) and right, referred specimen (SDBDU 2007.109), ventral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4608918" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4608918/files/figure.png" pageId="33" pageNumber="151">Figure 8</figureCitation>
(c)), triangular marking on dorsal surface of head with dark edges and lighter centre; on BNHS 6073 and SDBDU 2007.109, median longitudinal stripe on dorsal surface of snout replaced by dark brown spots and speckling, and have faint transverse crossbars on dorsal thighs, shanks and tarsus (
<figureCitation id="13552A10FFB86A63FF31C8A5FEC9F914" box="[239,330,1703,1727]" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="32.[161,226,871,894]" captionTargetBox="[164,1151,157,834]" captionTargetId="figure-267@32.[164,1154,156,839]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="Figure 8. Megophrys dzukou sp. nov. from Kohima district, Nagaland state, India: (a). adult male holotype (BNHS 6072: SVL 34.2 mm) in life; (b–d). adult males in preservation showing variation: (b). paratype (BNHS 6073: SVL 35.1 mm), dorsal view; (c). referred specimen (SDBDU 2007.109: SVL 35.3 mm), dorsal view; (d). left, paratype (BNHS 6072) and right, referred specimen (SDBDU 2007.109), ventral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4608918" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4608918/files/figure.png" pageId="33" pageNumber="151">Figure 8</figureCitation>
(b,c)); 
<typeStatus id="54D58837FFB86A63FE52C8A5FE75F914" box="[396,502,1703,1727]" pageId="33" pageNumber="151" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
ventrally primarily light yellowish-grey in preservation with small dark brown spots and speckles on throat, chest and abdomen, spots solid on BNHS 6073 (
<figureCitation id="13552A10FFBB6A60FF79CEB3FE80FF62" box="[167,259,177,201]" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="32.[161,226,871,894]" captionTargetBox="[164,1151,157,834]" captionTargetId="figure-267@32.[164,1154,156,839]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="Figure 8. Megophrys dzukou sp. nov. from Kohima district, Nagaland state, India: (a). adult male holotype (BNHS 6072: SVL 34.2 mm) in life; (b–d). adult males in preservation showing variation: (b). paratype (BNHS 6073: SVL 35.1 mm), dorsal view; (c). referred specimen (SDBDU 2007.109: SVL 35.3 mm), dorsal view; (d). left, paratype (BNHS 6072) and right, referred specimen (SDBDU 2007.109), ventral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4608918" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4608918/files/figure.png" pageId="34" pageNumber="152">Figure 8</figureCitation>
(d)) and BNHS 6074, and appear as dark rings on SDBDU 2007.109 (
<figureCitation id="13552A10FFBB6A60FC21CEB3FBD8FF62" box="[1023,1115,177,201]" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="32.[161,226,871,894]" captionTargetBox="[164,1151,157,834]" captionTargetId="figure-267@32.[164,1154,156,839]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="Figure 8. Megophrys dzukou sp. nov. from Kohima district, Nagaland state, India: (a). adult male holotype (BNHS 6072: SVL 34.2 mm) in life; (b–d). adult males in preservation showing variation: (b). paratype (BNHS 6073: SVL 35.1 mm), dorsal view; (c). referred specimen (SDBDU 2007.109: SVL 35.3 mm), dorsal view; (d). left, paratype (BNHS 6072) and right, referred specimen (SDBDU 2007.109), ventral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4608918" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4608918/files/figure.png" pageId="34" pageNumber="152">Figure 8</figureCitation>
(d)); 
<typeStatus id="54D58837FFBB6A60FF7ECED6FE89FF47" box="[160,266,212,236]" pageId="34" pageNumber="152" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
also have short dark brown stripe extending from posterior lateral sides of throat to base of forelimbs on each side (
<figureCitation id="13552A10FFBB6A60FE2BCEF4FDCDFEA5" box="[501,590,246,270]" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="32.[161,226,871,894]" captionTargetBox="[164,1151,157,834]" captionTargetId="figure-267@32.[164,1154,156,839]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="Figure 8. Megophrys dzukou sp. nov. from Kohima district, Nagaland state, India: (a). adult male holotype (BNHS 6072: SVL 34.2 mm) in life; (b–d). adult males in preservation showing variation: (b). paratype (BNHS 6073: SVL 35.1 mm), dorsal view; (c). referred specimen (SDBDU 2007.109: SVL 35.3 mm), dorsal view; (d). left, paratype (BNHS 6072) and right, referred specimen (SDBDU 2007.109), ventral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4608918" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4608918/files/figure.png" pageId="34" pageNumber="152">Figure 8</figureCitation>
(d)); 
<typeStatus id="54D58837FFBB6A60FDA2CEF4FD65FEA5" box="[636,742,246,270]" pageId="34" pageNumber="152" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
with ventral thighs, shanks and dorsal tarsus and feet with small dark brown spots and speckles, except SDBDU 2007.109 which has plain shanks; on all specimens dermal asperities restricted to region surrounding tympanum, and to a band along margin of lower jaw.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD13695FFBB6A60FF7ECFA0FC0AFD04" blockId="34.[160,1156,418,687]" pageId="34" pageNumber="152">
<emphasis id="B91AEA87FFBB6A60FF7ECFA0FE77FE17" bold="true" box="[160,500,418,444]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="152">Secondary sexual characters.</emphasis>
This species is currently known from male specimens only and have the following characters which are usually unique to males of 
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D16FFBB6A60FC6ACFC5FBA8FE74" authorityName="Kuhl &amp; Van Hasselt" authorityYear="1822" box="[948,1067,455,479]" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Megophrys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="34" pageNumber="152" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B91AEA87FFBB6A60FC6ACFC5FBA8FE74" box="[948,1067,455,479]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="152">Megophrys</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: weakly raised nuptial pads covered with brown micro-asperities present, covering most of dorsal surface of base of Finger I, narrowing distally, extending onto base of distal phalange on inner dorsal side; nuptial pad large on Finger II, covering&gt;50% of dorsal surface of digit, widest proximally, extending to distal phalange on inner side; external vocal sac indistinct; internal vocal slits present near rear of lower mandible; forearms considerably enlarged relative to upper forelimbs; fleshy projection above cloaca absent.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD13695FFBB6A60FF7ECCD9FE9DFC4C" blockId="34.[160,1156,731,1727]" pageId="34" pageNumber="152">
<emphasis id="B91AEA87FFBB6A60FF7ECCD9FE6CFD5E" bold="true" box="[160,495,731,757]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="152">Morphological comparisons.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D16FFBB6A60FE21CCDEFD4BFD5F" authority="Mahony &amp; Kamei &amp; Teeling &amp; Biju, 2020" authorityName="Mahony &amp; Kamei &amp; Teeling &amp; Biju" authorityYear="2020" box="[511,712,732,756]" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Megophrys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="34" pageNumber="152" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dzukou" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B91AEA87FFBB6A60FE21CCDEFD4BFD5F" box="[511,712,732,756]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="152">Megophrys dzukou</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22957FCFFBB6A60FD10CCDEFCABFD5F" box="[718,808,732,756]" pageId="34" pageNumber="152" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B91AEA87FFBB6A60FD10CCDEFCA2FD5F" bold="true" box="[718,801,732,756]" pageId="34" pageNumber="152">sp. nov</emphasis>
.
</taxonomicNameLabel>
(adult males, 
<emphasis id="B91AEA87FFBB6A60FC60CCDEFC4CFD5F" box="[958,975,732,756]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="152">N</emphasis>
= 4) differs from the following species that have not yet been assigned to a subgenus or species group through molecular analyses: from 
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D16FFBB6A60FDC5CD20FD0BFC91" authorityName="Mahony" authorityYear="2011" box="[539,648,802,826]" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Megophrys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="34" pageNumber="152" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="damrei">
<emphasis id="B91AEA87FFBB6A60FDC5CD20FD0BFC91" box="[539,648,802,826]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="152">M. damrei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D16FFBB6A60FD1CCD20FC00FC91" authorityName="Tian and Sun" authorityYear="1995" box="[706,899,802,826]" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Megophrys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="34" pageNumber="152" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="shuichengensis">
<emphasis id="B91AEA87FFBB6A60FD1CCD20FC00FC91" box="[706,899,802,826]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="152">M. shuichengensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by much smaller adult size, male SVL 
<quantity id="4C969B70FFBB6A60FE9CCD46FE5DFCF7" box="[322,478,836,860]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.475" metricValueMax="3.53" metricValueMin="3.42" pageId="34" pageNumber="152" unit="mm" value="34.75" valueMax="35.3" valueMin="34.2">
34.2 
<emphasis id="B91AEA87FFBB6A60FEB1CD46FEFFFCF7" box="[367,380,836,860]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="152">–</emphasis>
35.3 mm
</quantity>
(vs. 
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D16FFBB6A60FDCECD46FDFFFCF7" authorityName="Mahony" authorityYear="2011" box="[528,636,836,860]" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Megophrys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="34" pageNumber="152" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="damrei">
<emphasis id="B91AEA87FFBB6A60FDCECD46FDFFFCF7" box="[528,636,836,860]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="152">M. damrei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: adult male SVL 
<quantity id="4C969B70FFBB6A60FCEBCD46FC50FCF7" box="[821,979,836,860]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.24" metricValueMax="5.71" metricValueMin="4.77" pageId="34" pageNumber="152" unit="mm" value="52.4" valueMax="57.1" valueMin="47.7">
47.7 
<emphasis id="B91AEA87FFBB6A60FCBDCD46FCF3FCF7" box="[867,880,836,860]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="152">–</emphasis>
57.1 mm
</quantity>
, 
<emphasis id="B91AEA87FFBB6A60FC00CD46FC6CFCF7" box="[990,1007,836,860]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="152">N</emphasis>
= 7 [Mahony 2011; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF4B64FFBB6A60FF3ECD65FE18FCD4" author="Neang T &amp; Chhin S &amp; Meang M &amp; Hun S" box="[224,411,871,895]" pageId="34" pageNumber="152" pagination="66 - 72" refId="ref47315" refString="Neang T, Chhin S, Meang M, Hun S. 2013. Confirmation of three species of megophryid frogs (Amphibia: Megophryidae) from the Cardamom Mountains of Southwest Cambodia, with the rediscovery of a long lost species. Cambodian J Nat Hist. 2013 (2): 66 - 72." type="journal article" year="2013">Neang et al. 2013</bibRefCitation>
]; 
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D16FFBB6A60FE73CD65FDE8FCD4" authorityName="Tian and Sun" authorityYear="1995" box="[429,619,871,895]" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Megophrys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="34" pageNumber="152" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="shuichengensis">
<emphasis id="B91AEA87FFBB6A60FE73CD65FDE8FCD4" box="[429,619,871,895]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="152">M. shuichengensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: adult male SVL 102.0 
<emphasis id="B91AEA87FFBB6A60FC8BCD65FCE1FCD4" box="[853,866,871,895]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="152">–</emphasis>
<quantity id="4C969B70FFBB6A60FCBCCD65FC53FCD4" box="[866,976,871,895]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.183" pageId="34" pageNumber="152" unit="mm" value="118.3">118.3 mm</quantity>
, 
<emphasis id="B91AEA87FFBB6A60FC06CD65FC6AFCD4" box="[984,1001,871,895]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="152">N</emphasis>
= 8 [
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF4B64FFBB6A60FBC5CD65FF55FC09" author="Tian Y &amp; Gu X &amp; Sun A" pageId="34" pageNumber="152" pagination="462 - 466" refId="ref48867" refString="Tian Y, Gu X, Sun A. 2000. A new species of Megophrys in China (Amphibia: Pelobatidae). Acta Zootaxon Sin. 25 (4): 462 - 466." type="journal article" year="2000">Tian et al. 2000</bibRefCitation>
]); from 
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D16FFBB6A60FEE6CD88FEFEFC09" authorityName="Yang, Wang and Wang" authorityYear="2018" box="[312,381,906,930]" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Megophrys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="34" pageNumber="152" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="feii">
<emphasis id="B91AEA87FFBB6A60FEE6CD88FEFEFC09" box="[312,381,906,930]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="152">M. feii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by larger adult size, male SVL 
<quantity id="4C969B70FFBB6A60FD2BCD88FC15FC09" box="[757,918,906,930]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.475" metricValueMax="3.53" metricValueMin="3.42" pageId="34" pageNumber="152" unit="mm" value="34.75" valueMax="35.3" valueMin="34.2">
34.2 
<emphasis id="B91AEA87FFBB6A60FCFDCD88FCB3FC09" box="[803,816,906,930]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="152">–</emphasis>
35.3 mm
</quantity>
(vs. adult male SVL 
<quantity id="4C969B70FFBB6A60FF7ECDAEFEC2FC6F" box="[160,321,940,964]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.47" metricValueMax="2.51" metricValueMin="2.43" pageId="34" pageNumber="152" unit="mm" value="24.7" valueMax="25.1" valueMin="24.3">
24.3 
<emphasis id="B91AEA87FFBB6A60FF13CDAEFF59FC6F" box="[205,218,940,964]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="152">–</emphasis>
25.1 mm
</quantity>
, 
<emphasis id="B91AEA87FFBB6A60FE91CDAEFEE3FC6F" box="[335,352,940,964]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="152">N</emphasis>
= 4), and nuptial pads on fingers of males present (vs. absent) (
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF4B64FFBB6A60FB97CDAEFE91FC4C" author="Yang JH &amp; Wang J &amp; Wang YY" pageId="34" pageNumber="152" pagination="325 - 338" refId="ref49371" refString="Yang JH, Wang J, Wang YY. 2018. A new species of the genus Megophrys (Anura: Megophryidae) from Yunnan Province, China. Zootaxa. 4413 (2): 325 - 338. doi: 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4413.2.5." type="journal article" year="2018">Yang et al. 2018</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD13695FFBB6A60FF1ECDF0FBA2FBE4" blockId="34.[160,1156,731,1727]" pageId="34" pageNumber="152">
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D16FFBB6A60FF1ECDF0FE10FBA1" authority="Mahony &amp; Kamei &amp; Teeling &amp; Biju, 2020" authorityName="Mahony &amp; Kamei &amp; Teeling &amp; Biju" authorityYear="2020" box="[192,403,1010,1034]" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Megophrys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="34" pageNumber="152" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dzukou" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B91AEA87FFBB6A60FF1ECDF0FE10FBA1" box="[192,403,1010,1034]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="152">Megophrys dzukou</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22957FCFFBB6A60FE7ECDF0FD81FBA1" box="[416,514,1010,1034]" pageId="34" pageNumber="152" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B91AEA87FFBB6A60FE7ECDF0FE7FFBA1" bold="true" box="[416,508,1010,1034]" pageId="34" pageNumber="152">sp. nov</emphasis>
.
</taxonomicNameLabel>
differs from 
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D16FFBB6A60FD7DCDF0FC8BFBA1" baseAuthorityName="Boulenger" baseAuthorityYear="1893" box="[675,776,1010,1034]" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Megophrys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="34" pageNumber="152" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" sensu="stricto" species="parva">
<emphasis id="B91AEA87FFBB6A60FD7DCDF0FC8BFBA1" box="[675,776,1010,1034]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="152">M. parva</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22957FCFFBB6A60FCC8CDF0FCB6FBA1" box="[790,821,1010,1034]" pageId="34" pageNumber="152" sensu="stricto">
<emphasis id="B91AEA87FFBB6A60FCC8CDF0FCACFBA1" box="[790,815,1010,1034]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="152">s.s</emphasis>
.
</taxonomicNameLabel>
by SHL≤FOL (vs. FOL&lt;SHL), FIL = FIIL (vs. FIL &lt;FIIL), dorsolateral ridges short, ca. 25% trunk length (vs.&gt;70% trunk length), fingertips not expanded relative to finger width (vs. slightly expanded).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD13695FFBB6A61FF1ECA58FCC1FEA5" blockId="34.[160,1156,731,1727]" lastBlockId="35.[160,1156,142,340]" lastPageId="35" lastPageNumber="153" pageId="34" pageNumber="152">
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D16FFBB6A60FF1ECA58FE0DFBD9" authority="Mahony &amp; Kamei &amp; Teeling &amp; Biju, 2020" authorityName="Mahony &amp; Kamei &amp; Teeling &amp; Biju" authorityYear="2020" box="[192,398,1114,1138]" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Megophrys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="34" pageNumber="152" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dzukou" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B91AEA87FFBB6A60FF1ECA58FE0DFBD9" box="[192,398,1114,1138]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="152">Megophrys dzukou</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22957FCFFBB6A60FE47CA58FE7BFBD9" box="[409,504,1114,1138]" pageId="34" pageNumber="152" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B91AEA87FFBB6A60FE47CA58FE72FBD9" bold="true" box="[409,497,1114,1138]" pageId="34" pageNumber="152">sp. nov</emphasis>
.
</taxonomicNameLabel>
differs from all currently named members of the 
<emphasis id="B91AEA87FFBB6A60FBE2CA58FBD2FBD9" box="[1084,1105,1114,1138]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="152">M</emphasis>
. 
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D16FFBB6A60FBBFCA58FED6FB3F" authority="SG" authorityName="Mahony, Sengupta, Kamei and Biju" authorityYear="2011" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Megophrys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="34" pageNumber="152" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="megacephala" subGenus="Xenophrys">
(
<emphasis id="B91AEA87FFBB6A60FBB7CA58FBF4FBD9" box="[1129,1143,1114,1138]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="152">X</emphasis>
.) 
<emphasis id="B91AEA87FFBB6A60FF7ECA7EFEB3FB3F" box="[160,304,1148,1172]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="152">megacephala</emphasis>
SG
</taxonomicName>
based on the following combinations of characters: from the following by smaller male adult size, SVL 
<quantity id="4C969B70FFBB6A60FE2FCA9DFD11FB1C" box="[497,658,1183,1207]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.475" metricValueMax="3.53" metricValueMin="3.42" pageId="34" pageNumber="152" unit="mm" value="34.75" valueMax="35.3" valueMin="34.2">
34.2 
<emphasis id="B91AEA87FFBB6A60FDC1CA9DFDAFFB1C" box="[543,556,1183,1207]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="152">–</emphasis>
35.3 mm
</quantity>
(vs. 
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D16FFBB6A60FD11CA9DFCFBFB1C" authority=", SVL" authorityName="SVL" box="[719,888,1183,1207]" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Megophrys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="34" pageNumber="152" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ancrae">
<emphasis id="B91AEA87FFBB6A60FD11CA9DFCBEFB1C" box="[719,829,1183,1207]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="152">M. ancrae</emphasis>
, SVL
</taxonomicName>
39.1 
<emphasis id="B91AEA87FFBB6A60FC6CCA9DFC3CFB1C" box="[946,959,1183,1207]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="152">–</emphasis>
45.0 mm, 
<emphasis id="B91AEA87FFBB6A60FBE9CA9DFBCBFB1C" box="[1079,1096,1183,1207]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="152">N</emphasis>
= 8; 
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D16FFBB6A60FF7ECAC0FE07FB71" authority=", SVL" authorityName="SVL" box="[160,388,1218,1242]" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Megophrys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="34" pageNumber="152" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="megacephala">
<emphasis id="B91AEA87FFBB6A60FF7ECAC0FED3FB71" box="[160,336,1218,1242]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="152">M. megacephala</emphasis>
, SVL
</taxonomicName>
<quantity id="4C969B70FFBB6A60FE55CAC0FDA4FB71" box="[395,551,1218,1242]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.965" metricValueMax="5.34" metricValueMin="4.59" pageId="34" pageNumber="152" unit="mm" value="49.65" valueMax="53.4" valueMin="45.9">
45.9 
<emphasis id="B91AEA87FFBB6A60FE66CAC0FE46FB71" box="[440,453,1218,1242]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="152">–</emphasis>
53.4 mm
</quantity>
, 
<emphasis id="B91AEA87FFBB6A60FDEFCAC0FDC1FB71" box="[561,578,1218,1242]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="152">N</emphasis>
= 7; 
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D16FFBB6A60FDA6CAC0FCB3FB71" authority=", SVL" authorityName="SVL" box="[632,816,1218,1242]" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Megophrys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="34" pageNumber="152" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="serchhipii">
<emphasis id="B91AEA87FFBB6A60FDA6CAC0FD7FFB71" box="[632,764,1218,1242]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="152">M. serchhipii</emphasis>
, SVL
</taxonomicName>
<quantity id="4C969B70FFBB6A60FCE8CAC0FC50FB71" box="[822,979,1218,1242]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.14" metricValueMax="4.67" metricValueMin="3.61" pageId="34" pageNumber="152" unit="mm" value="41.4" valueMax="46.7" valueMin="36.1">
36.1 
<emphasis id="B91AEA87FFBB6A60FCBACAC0FCF2FB71" box="[868,881,1218,1242]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="152">–</emphasis>
46.7 mm
</quantity>
, 
<emphasis id="B91AEA87FFBB6A60FC03CAC0FC6DFB71" box="[989,1006,1218,1242]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="152">N</emphasis>
= 25), further from 
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D16FFBB6A60FF01CAE6FECFFB57" box="[223,332,1252,1276]" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Megophrys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="34" pageNumber="152" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ancrae">
<emphasis id="B91AEA87FFBB6A60FF01CAE6FECFFB57" box="[223,332,1252,1276]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="152">M. ancrae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by digit tips not expanded terminally (vs. digit tips distinctly expanded terminally), small raised bump or short ridge on outer upper eyelids present (vs. a short, sharp horn-like tubercle on outer upper eyelids present), further from 
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D16FFBB6A60FC73CB28FBE3FAE9" box="[941,1120,1322,1346]" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Megophrys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="34" pageNumber="152" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="megacephala">
<emphasis id="B91AEA87FFBB6A60FC73CB28FBE3FAE9" box="[941,1120,1322,1346]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="152">M. megacephala</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by considerably narrower head, HW/SVL 33.0 
<emphasis id="B91AEA87FFBB6A60FDB0CB4EFDF8FACF" box="[622,635,1356,1380]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="152">–</emphasis>
33.9% (vs. HW/SVL 40.2 
<emphasis id="B91AEA87FFBB6A60FCA3CB4EFC09FACF" box="[893,906,1356,1380]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="152">–</emphasis>
45.1%, 
<emphasis id="B91AEA87FFBB6A60FC04CB4FFC68FACE" box="[986,1003,1357,1381]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="152">N</emphasis>
= 12), further from 
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D16FFBB6A60FF02CB6DFEE2FA2C" box="[220,353,1391,1415]" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Megophrys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="34" pageNumber="152" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="serchhipii">
<emphasis id="B91AEA87FFBB6A60FF02CB6DFEE2FA2C" box="[220,353,1391,1415]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="152">M. serchhipii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by SHL≤FOL (vs. FOL&lt;SHL), tympanum circular (vs. oval), toes dorsoventrally flattened (vs. rounded); differs from 
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D16FFBB6A60FDBACB90FC9FFA01" authority="Mahony &amp; Kamei &amp; Teeling &amp; Biju, 2020" authorityName="Mahony &amp; Kamei &amp; Teeling &amp; Biju" authorityYear="2020" box="[612,796,1426,1450]" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Megophrys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="34" pageNumber="152" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="awuh" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B91AEA87FFBB6A60FDBACB90FC9FFA01" box="[612,796,1426,1450]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="152">Megophrys awuh</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22957FCFFBB6A60FCFFCB90FCF8FA01" box="[801,891,1426,1450]" pageId="34" pageNumber="152" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B91AEA87FFBB6A60FCFFCB90FCF6FA01" bold="true" box="[801,885,1426,1450]" pageId="34" pageNumber="152">sp. nov</emphasis>
.
</taxonomicNameLabel>
by slightly smaller adult male size, SVL 
<quantity id="4C969B70FFBB6A60FEE3CBB7FE54FA66" box="[317,471,1460,1485]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.475" metricValueMax="3.53" metricValueMin="3.42" pageId="34" pageNumber="152" unit="mm" value="34.75" valueMax="35.3" valueMin="34.2">
34.2 
<emphasis id="B91AEA87FFBB6A60FEB4CBB6FEF4FA67" box="[362,375,1460,1484]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="152">–</emphasis>
35.3 mm
</quantity>
(vs. SVL 
<quantity id="4C969B70FFBB6A60FDEDCBB7FD4CFA66" box="[563,719,1460,1485]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.84" metricValueMax="4.11" metricValueMin="3.57" pageId="34" pageNumber="152" unit="mm" value="38.4" valueMax="41.1" valueMin="35.7">
35.7 
<emphasis id="B91AEA87FFBB6A60FDBFCBB6FDEDFA67" box="[609,622,1460,1484]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="152">–</emphasis>
41.1 mm
</quantity>
, 
<emphasis id="B91AEA87FFBB6A60FD06CBB7FD6AFA66" box="[728,745,1461,1485]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="152">N</emphasis>
= 4), relative forearm length, FAL/SVL 22.2 
<emphasis id="B91AEA87FFBB6A60FF13CBD5FF59FA44" box="[205,218,1495,1519]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="152">–</emphasis>
24.1% (vs. FAL/SVL 24.5 
<emphasis id="B91AEA87FFBB6A60FE39CBD5FE77FA44" box="[487,500,1495,1519]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="152">–</emphasis>
26.3%), narrow lateral ridges on toes present (vs. absent), dorsolateral ridges vary from absent to ~25% trunk length (vs. typically extend the entire trunk length), parietoscapular ridge 
<emphasis id="B91AEA87FFBB6A60FDF8C81EFDA8F99F" box="[550,555,1564,1588]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="152">‘</emphasis>
\ / 
<emphasis id="B91AEA87FFBB6A60FD9CC81EFDC4F99F" box="[578,583,1564,1588]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="152">’</emphasis>
-shaped when present (vs. 
<emphasis id="B91AEA87FFBB6A60FCB4C81EFCECF99F" box="[874,879,1564,1588]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="152">‘</emphasis>
V 
<emphasis id="B91AEA87FFBB6A60FCA3C81EFC01F99F" box="[893,898,1564,1588]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="152">’</emphasis>
-shaped when present); differs from 
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D16FFBB6A60FEFAC83DFE32F9FC" authorityName="Mahony, Teeling and Biju" authorityYear="2013" box="[292,433,1599,1623]" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Megophrys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="34" pageNumber="152" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="oropedion">
<emphasis id="B91AEA87FFBB6A60FEFAC83DFE32F9FC" box="[292,433,1599,1623]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="152">M. oropedion</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by loreal region moderately acute (vs. vertical), dorsolateral ridges ≤25% trunk length (vs.&gt;75% trunk length), toes dorsoventrally flattened (vs. not dorsoventrally flattened), dermal asperities restricted to margin of lower mandible and area surrounding tympanum on males (vs. dermal asperities always also present on dorsum and dorsal surfaces of hind limbs on males), vomerine ridges narrow (vs. rounded posteriorly); differs from 
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D16FFBA6A61FF02CEB3FE20FF62" baseAuthorityName="Mathew &amp; Sen" baseAuthorityYear="2007" box="[220,419,177,201]" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Megophrys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="35" pageNumber="153" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="zunhebotoensis">
<emphasis id="B91AEA87FFBA6A61FF02CEB3FE20FF62" box="[220,419,177,201]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="153">M. zunhebotoensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by slightly larger adult male size, SVL 
<quantity id="4C969B70FFBA6A61FC90CEB3FC69FF62" box="[846,1002,177,201]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.475" metricValueMax="3.53" metricValueMin="3.42" pageId="35" pageNumber="153" unit="mm" value="34.75" valueMax="35.3" valueMin="34.2">
34.2 
<emphasis id="B91AEA87FFBA6A61FCA2CEB3FC0AFF62" box="[892,905,177,201]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="153">–</emphasis>
35.3 mm
</quantity>
(vs. male SVL 
<quantity id="4C969B70FFBA6A61FF7ECED6FEBEFF47" box="[160,317,211,236]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.1149999999999998" metricValueMax="3.3899999999999997" metricValueMin="2.84" pageId="35" pageNumber="153" unit="mm" value="31.15" valueMax="33.9" valueMin="28.4">
28.4 
<emphasis id="B91AEA87FFBA6A61FF13CED1FF59FF40" box="[205,218,211,235]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="153">–</emphasis>
33.9 mm
</quantity>
, 
<emphasis id="B91AEA87FFBA6A61FE99CED6FEDBFF47" box="[327,344,212,236]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="153">N</emphasis>
= 22), narrow lateral ridges on toes present (vs. absent), dermal asperities absent on dorsal surface of body and hindlimbs (vs. present).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD13695FFBA6A61FF1ECF1BFE35FEFF" blockId="35.[160,1156,142,340]" pageId="35" pageNumber="153">For comparisons with the third new species described below refer to the comparison sections for that species.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C374651EFFBA6A61FF7ECF8DFD99FDFF" pageId="35" pageNumber="153" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8BD13695FFBA6A61FF7ECF8DFCC6FE67" blockId="35.[160,1155,399,460]" pageId="35" pageNumber="153">
<emphasis id="B91AEA87FFBA6A61FF7ECF8DFEA0FE02" bold="true" box="[160,291,399,425]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="153">Etymology.</emphasis>
The specific epithet 
<emphasis id="B91AEA87FFBA6A61FDFDCF93FDFEFE02" box="[547,637,401,425]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="153">‘dzukou’</emphasis>
is a toponym based on the 
<typeStatus id="54D58837FFBA6A61FC0BCF93FB84FE02" box="[981,1031,401,425]" pageId="35" pageNumber="153">type</typeStatus>
locality of Dzükou Valley. The name is treated as a noun in apposition.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD13695FFBA6A61FF7ECC15FD99FDFF" blockId="35.[160,1155,535,596]" pageId="35" pageNumber="153">
<emphasis id="B91AEA87FFBA6A61FF7ECC15FE64FD9A" bold="true" box="[160,487,535,561]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="153">Suggested common name.</emphasis>
We suggest 
<emphasis id="B91AEA87FFBA6A61FD53CC1BFD11FD9A" box="[653,658,537,561]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="153">‘</emphasis>
Dzükou Valley Horned Frog 
<emphasis id="B91AEA87FFBA6A61FC04CC1BFC63FD9A" box="[986,992,537,561]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="153">’</emphasis>
as a suitable English language common name.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C374651EFFBA6A61FF7ECC8DFBA4F91D" pageId="35" pageNumber="153" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BD13695FFBA6A61FF7ECC8DFC0EFC37" blockId="35.[160,1155,655,924]" pageId="35" pageNumber="153">
<emphasis id="B91AEA87FFBA6A61FF7ECC8DFEB0FD02" bold="true" box="[160,307,655,681]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="153">Distribution.</emphasis>
Known only from the 
<typeStatus id="54D58837FFBA6A61FDE4CC93FDEFFD02" box="[570,620,657,681]" pageId="35" pageNumber="153">type</typeStatus>
locality (
<figureCitation id="13552A10FFBA6A61FD0DCC93FCACFD02" box="[723,815,657,681]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="11.[160,225,1528,1551]" captionTargetBox="[165,1152,1053,1494]" captionTargetId="figure-391@11.[163,1153,1050,1497]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Figure 2. Topographic distribution map of the Megophrys (X.) megacephala SG taxa: Left. All taxa from Northeast India and surrounding countries: diamonds represent type localities; circles represent referred localities based on examined specimens; circles with central dot represent identifications based on literature where sufficient evidence was available (see Remarks sections); Right. Inset rectangle enlarged to show the distributions of species from more densely sampled southern Nagaland and northern Manipur states, Northeast India. Blue lines represent major rivers; grey lines represent international borders." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4608903" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4608903/files/figure.png" pageId="35" pageNumber="153">Figure 2</figureCitation>
). The Dzükou Valley is a highelevation valley located on the southern side of Mt. Japfü (
<quantity id="4C969B70FFBA6A61FCE3CCB6FC15FD67" box="[829,918,692,716]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0439999999999996" pageId="35" pageNumber="153" unit="m" value="3044.0">3044 m</quantity>
), the second-highest peak in 
<collectingRegion id="49AAF877FFBA6A61FF22CCD4FE2AFD45" box="[252,425,726,750]" country="India" name="Nagaland" pageId="35" pageNumber="153">Nagaland state</collectingRegion>
. The valley itself forms part of the border between the states of 
<collectingRegion id="49AAF877FFBA6A61FF7ECCFBFE88FCBA" box="[160,267,761,785]" country="India" name="Nagaland" pageId="35" pageNumber="153">Nagaland</collectingRegion>
and 
<collectingRegion id="49AAF877FFBA6A61FE99CCFBFE2BFCBA" box="[327,424,761,785]" country="India" name="Manipur" pageId="35" pageNumber="153">Manipur</collectingRegion>
, so it is likely that this species will also be found in the 
<collectingRegion id="49AAF877FFBA6A61FBFBCCFBFB00FCBA" box="[1061,1155,761,785]" country="India" name="Manipur" pageId="35" pageNumber="153">Manipur</collectingRegion>
portion of the valley. The Dzükou Valley is drained by two major streams, the Japfü and Dzükou rivers, which are tributaries of the Barak (Ahu) River. The valley is bordered by two community protected areas, the Puliebadze Wildlife Sanctuary (10923 ha) and the Khonoma Nature Conservation and Tragopan Sanctuary (2500 ha).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD13695FFBA6A61FF7ECDD5FE12FAAD" blockId="35.[160,1155,983,1286]" pageId="35" pageNumber="153">
<emphasis id="B91AEA87FFBA6A61FF7ECDD5FE6DFC5A" bold="true" box="[160,494,983,1009]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="153">Habitat and natural history.</emphasis>
Dzükou Valley is characterised by an abundance of highelevation grassland, surrounded by temperate broadleaf forest, and subtropical broadleaf forest on the lower slopes. Specimens were collected from around a small forest pool fed by a small, shallow, slow-moving stream. The stream was immediately bordered by grasses and low vegetation but otherwise flowed through a mixed broadleaf and bamboo forest. Frogs were found on leaf litter surrounding the pool at approximately 20:00 h. Presumably disturbed by the collectors 
<emphasis id="B91AEA87FFBA6A61FDB2CAABFDF1FB6A" box="[620,626,1193,1217]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="153">’</emphasis>
presence, one specimen was collected from amongst submerged leaf litter in the pond itself. No male vocalisations were heard during the collection period.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD13695FFBA6A61FF7ECB40FBA4F91D" blockId="35.[160,1156,1346,1718]" pageId="35" pageNumber="153">
<emphasis id="B91AEA87FFBA6A61FF7ECB40FEC7FAF7" bold="true" box="[160,324,1346,1372]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="153">Conservation.</emphasis>
Despite quite extensive sampling in the forested areas on the lower slopes surrounding the Dzükou Valley, where this species is generally replaced by other small-sized 
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D16FFBA6A61FEFCCB8BFE1AFA0A" authorityName="Kuhl &amp; Van Hasselt" authorityYear="1822" box="[290,409,1417,1441]" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Megophrys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="35" pageNumber="153" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B91AEA87FFBA6A61FEFCCB8BFE1AFA0A" box="[290,409,1417,1441]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="153">Megophrys</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species, no further individuals of 
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D16FFBA6A61FCCACB8BFC62FA0A" authority="Mahony &amp; Kamei &amp; Teeling &amp; Biju, 2020" authorityName="Mahony &amp; Kamei &amp; Teeling &amp; Biju" authorityYear="2020" box="[788,993,1417,1441]" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Megophrys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="35" pageNumber="153" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dzukou" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B91AEA87FFBA6A61FCCACB8BFC62FA0A" box="[788,993,1417,1441]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="153">Megophrys dzukou</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22957FCFFBA6A61FC37CB8BFBC6FA0A" box="[1001,1093,1417,1441]" pageId="35" pageNumber="153" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B91AEA87FFBA6A61FC37CB8BFBBCFA0A" bold="true" box="[1001,1087,1417,1441]" pageId="35" pageNumber="153">sp. nov</emphasis>
.
</taxonomicNameLabel>
were found. Due to the uniqueness of the habitat found in the Dzükou Valley, and its elevational isolation from neighbouring high-elevation areas, it is possible that this species may be endemic to the 
<typeStatus id="54D58837FFBA6A61FEA8CBF3FE2BF9A2" box="[374,424,1521,1545]" pageId="35" pageNumber="153">type</typeStatus>
locality. The community protected areas cover primarily forested areas but the valley itself is increasingly becoming more popular for tourism (trekking and camping), which brings with it the associated anthropogenic threats. There is currently no official mechanism or infrastructure in place to deal with the fallouts of increasing tourism. Further research on this species is essential to estimate its population size, biology and ecology in order to determine whether the species requires active conservation.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C374651EFFBD6A66FF7ECE8FFE53FEDC" pageId="36" pageNumber="154" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BD13695FFBD6A66FF7ECE8FFE53FEDC" blockId="36.[160,1156,141,375]" pageId="36" pageNumber="154">
<emphasis id="B91AEA87FFBD6A66FF7ECE8FFE8FFF0C" bold="true" box="[160,268,141,167]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="154">Remarks.</emphasis>
The DNA sequences for 
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D16FFBD6A66FDF3CE8DFD78FF0C" authority="Mahony &amp; Kamei &amp; Teeling &amp; Biju, 2020" authorityName="Mahony &amp; Kamei &amp; Teeling &amp; Biju" authorityYear="2020" box="[557,763,143,167]" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Megophrys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="36" pageNumber="154" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dzukou" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B91AEA87FFBD6A66FDF3CE8DFD78FF0C" box="[557,763,143,167]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="154">Megophrys dzukou</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22957FCFFBD6A66FCDDCE8DFCE2FF0C" box="[771,865,143,167]" pageId="36" pageNumber="154" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B91AEA87FFBD6A66FCDDCE8DFCD8FF0C" bold="true" box="[771,859,143,167]" pageId="36" pageNumber="154">sp. nov</emphasis>
.
</taxonomicNameLabel>
used in our phylogenetic analyses were generated in 
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF4B64FFBD6A66FE2ECEB0FD65FF61" author="Mahony S &amp; Foley NC &amp; Biju SD &amp; Teeling EC" box="[496,742,178,202]" pageId="36" pageNumber="154" pagination="744 - 771" refId="ref46521" refString="Mahony S, Foley NC, Biju SD, Teeling EC. 2017. Evolutionary history of the Asian Horned Frogs (Megophryinae): integrative approaches to timetree dating in the absence of a fossil record. Mol Biol Evol. 34 (4): 744 - 771 + S. I. 33. doi: 10.1093 / molbev / msw 267." type="journal article" year="2017">Mahony et al. (2017)</bibRefCitation>
with the identification 
<emphasis id="B91AEA87FFBD6A66FBDDCEB0FB9EFF61" box="[1027,1053,178,202]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="154">‘M</emphasis>
. sp. [1] 
<emphasis id="B91AEA87FFBD6A66FBA6CEB0FBFEFF61" box="[1144,1149,178,202]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="154">’</emphasis>
. 
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF4B64FFBD6A66FF7ECED6FE0BFF47" author="Mahony S &amp; Foley NC &amp; Biju SD &amp; Teeling EC" box="[160,392,212,236]" pageId="36" pageNumber="154" pagination="744 - 771" refId="ref46521" refString="Mahony S, Foley NC, Biju SD, Teeling EC. 2017. Evolutionary history of the Asian Horned Frogs (Megophryinae): integrative approaches to timetree dating in the absence of a fossil record. Mol Biol Evol. 34 (4): 744 - 771 + S. I. 33. doi: 10.1093 / molbev / msw 267." type="journal article" year="2017">Mahony et al. (2017)</bibRefCitation>
and the phylogenetic results presented herein (
<figureCitation id="13552A10FFBD6A66FC72CED6FBBEFF47" box="[940,1085,212,236]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="10.[160,225,1616,1639]" captionTargetBox="[259,1053,625,1575]" captionTargetId="figure-124@10.[252,1060,616,1633]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 1. ML phylogenetic tree of the subgenus Megophrys (Xenophrys) based on the concatenated mt +nuDNA alignment. Bootstrap values ≥95% are represented by a black spot; 80–95% represented by a grey spot; &lt;80% not given. Numbers next to species names correspond with specimen numbers in Table 1." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4608900" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4608900/files/figure.png" pageId="36" pageNumber="154">Figures 1, S1</figureCitation>
, &amp; S3) resolved this high-elevation species as the sister taxon to the low elevation 
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D16FFBD6A66FBCBCEF5FB00FEA4" box="[1045,1155,247,271]" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Megophrys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="36" pageNumber="154" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ancrae">
<emphasis id="B91AEA87FFBD6A66FBCBCEF5FB00FEA4" box="[1045,1155,247,271]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="154">M. ancrae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
currently known only from ca. 
<quantity id="4C969B70FFBD6A66FE23CF18FDD1FE99" box="[509,594,282,306]" metricMagnitude="5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.2" pageId="36" pageNumber="154" unit="km" value="320.0">320 km</quantity>
northeast of Dzükou Valley, in eastern 
<collectingRegion id="49AAF877FFBD6A66FBCCCF18FF7FFEFF" country="India" name="Arunachal Pradesh" pageId="36" pageNumber="154">Arunachal Pradesh</collectingRegion>
, and estimated the divergence of these two species to have occurred at ca. 5 MY (
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF4B64FFBD6A66FF78CF5DFEFCFEDC" author="Mahony S &amp; Foley NC &amp; Biju SD &amp; Teeling EC" box="[166,383,351,375]" pageId="36" pageNumber="154" pagination="744 - 771" refId="ref46521" refString="Mahony S, Foley NC, Biju SD, Teeling EC. 2017. Evolutionary history of the Asian Horned Frogs (Megophryinae): integrative approaches to timetree dating in the absence of a fossil record. Mol Biol Evol. 34 (4): 744 - 771 + S. I. 33. doi: 10.1093 / molbev / msw 267." type="journal article" year="2017">Mahony et al. 2017</bibRefCitation>
, fig. 1).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>