plazi/treatments-xml
2
0
Fork 0
Code Issues Pull requests Releases Activity
treatments-xml/data/03/C7/41/03C7416215564723BDDF35B1FA86FEDA.xml
maintenance bc2564723d added 03
2024-06-21 12:22:17 +02:00

365 lines
44 KiB
XML
Raw Blame History

This file contains ambiguous Unicode characters

This file contains Unicode characters that might be confused with other characters. If you think that this is intentional, you can safely ignore this warning. Use the Escape button to reveal them.

<document id="DDC33AD723DD18E4F8AFC2BBA488D900" ID-CLB-Dataset="264199" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5332.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="66e0ec51-d494-43d4-965e-a2cd1462ef54" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8261502" ID-ZooBank="424F7439-4095-46A5-93E3-C4130E3B6D9A" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="juliana" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="juliana" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="juliana" checkinTime="1692350092877" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="POORANI, J." docDate="2023" docId="03C7416215564723BDDF35B1FA86FEDA" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5332.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5332 (1)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5332.1.1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Synonycha grandis" docType="treatment" docVersion="11" lastPageNumber="277" masterDocId="FFFE391A14584637BD48367CFFCDFF9B" masterDocTitle="An illustrated guide to lady beetles (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) of the Indian Subcontinent. Part 1. Tribe Coccinellini" masterLastPageNumber="307" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="271" updateTime="1699593964221" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods id="4936167A6380EC245B46F5AC12ADB0CA" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="8E6FAFD5811FFD6348A27D1BDD04F383">
<mods:title id="3AEB589558538AC3AE56C590AFCFD777">An illustrated guide to lady beetles (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) of the Indian Subcontinent. Part 1. Tribe Coccinellini</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="8C48691180964B02A5D45F3306D77DBE" type="personal">
<mods:role id="2F2AC1D3A8AB1067A983D8D4AECC63B2">
<mods:roleTerm id="A51DDCD8620703E2181A619AD42CE28E">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="1CB745B34E66B61B03CA200A60E5EB7E">POORANI, J.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="ED7C58EA11BC8F47D4B28A7D9E28EDB0">text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem id="D7481C1FA32F9A04D89BD2198C1C3B24" type="host">
<mods:titleInfo id="9B3FD9E897E24088740C9EE6255E5057">
<mods:title id="8287ED69CA9B56EE4B2AF0AFD08D1A00">Zootaxa</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="ED49D31253A8B87062EFF5999645B376">
<mods:date id="12C3250F1C87D0C6EDB20CCB4E481F84">2023</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="B162A3567B22A616300BF880DAB82CB8" type="pubDate">
<mods:number id="8C37C85828C05B0EAD8D7854B4AC0D6F">2023-08-18</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="3933B4BE98ECAC2B96E421B581712B34" type="volume">
<mods:number id="F2006DC72CEB9E3F453E51C6244B6435">5332</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="CF6D832300996FB5692D8115C48D30D1" type="issue">
<mods:number id="15B3325E15AFE127755116F68C4E269F">1</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent id="FE13074272DD1546B77D176D7818ED5C" unit="page">
<mods:start id="B896C9B864299B31852BABE66C5F01A0">1</mods:start>
<mods:end id="36E2431A6A86B1A2DA6E943AE9929057">307</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:location id="AF7D05F5909E74AACCB702B024174D54">
<mods:url id="AEE3ECA9CB2B72D83D1D42FFF9856677">http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5332.1.1</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification id="FA4F747AC37319F747FAD18438EE9C42">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="7E2073EEEAAC86D70A103529F81217DA" type="CLB-Dataset">264199</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="002AEC88FD6E86BB758903B73BB5CDC6" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.5332.1.1</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="5478E1502E6F04691B7FF58C0D901BEF" type="GBIF-Dataset">66e0ec51-d494-43d4-965e-a2cd1462ef54</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="612E2CA40831ADF500E6D2ED3688D8B3" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="54A3494DB5605BB5D000527538203810" type="Zenodo-Dep">8261502</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="0EE9E3D3C803A414F9BBB551CC53C32E" type="ZooBank">424F7439-4095-46A5-93E3-C4130E3B6D9A</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="03C7416215564723BDDF35B1FA86FEDA" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8261777" ID-GBIF-Taxon="212450170" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8261777" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C7416215564723BDDF35B1FA86FEDA" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C7416215564723BDDF35B1FA86FEDA" lastPageId="276" lastPageNumber="277" pageId="270" pageNumber="271">
<subSubSection id="C374A3FF15564739BDDF35B1FDD5FC7C" box="[151,536,973,1000]" pageId="270" pageNumber="271" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BD1F07415564739BDDF35B1FDD5FC7C" blockId="270.[151,536,973,1037]" box="[151,536,973,1000]" pageId="270" pageNumber="271">
<heading id="D099471815564739BDDF35B1FDD5FC7C" bold="true" box="[151,536,973,1000]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="270" pageNumber="271" reason="4">
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF715564739BDDF35B1FDD5FC7C" authority="(Thunberg)" baseAuthorityName="Thunberg" baseAuthorityYear="1781" box="[151,536,973,1000]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Synonycha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="270" pageNumber="271" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="grandis">
<emphasis id="B91A2C6615564739BDDF35B1FDD5FC7C" bold="true" box="[151,536,973,1000]" pageId="270" pageNumber="271">
<emphasis id="B91A2C6615564739BDDF35B1FEB2FC73" bold="true" box="[151,383,973,1000]" italics="true" pageId="270" pageNumber="271">Synonycha grandis</emphasis>
(Thunberg)
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C374A3FF15564739BDDF358EFE8EFB97" box="[151,323,1010,1037]" pageId="270" pageNumber="271" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BD1F07415564739BDDF358EFE8EFB97" blockId="270.[151,536,973,1037]" box="[151,323,1010,1037]" pageId="270" pageNumber="271">
(
<figureCitation id="1355ECF115564739BDD7358EFEC9FB96" box="[159,260,1010,1037]" captionStart="FIGURE 195" captionStartId="271.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[209,1366,188,1910]" captionTargetId="figure-15@271.[203,1385,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId="271" captionText="FIGURE 195. Synonycha grandis (Thunberg): a. abdomen; b. abdominal postcoxal line; c. tarsal claw; d–g. male genitalia: d. tegmen, ventral view; e. tegmen, lateral view; f. penis; g. penis apex; h. female genitalia; i. spermatheca." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8262194" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8262194/files/figure.png" pageId="270" pageNumber="271">Figs 195</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="1355ECF115564739BC58358EFEF6FB97" box="[272,315,1010,1036]" captionStart="FIGURE 196" captionStartId="272.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[281,1306,181,1919]" captionTargetId="figure-20@272.[281,1306,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="272" captionText="FIGURE 196. Synonycha grandis (Thunberg), life stages: a. eggs; b–e. larva on bamboo; f. pupa; g–l. adult (Image credit: a, b, d, e, l – H.M. Yeshwanth, NCBS)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8262196" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8262196/files/figure.png" pageId="270" pageNumber="271">196</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C374A3FF15564739BDDF324AFAFFFBF6" pageId="270" pageNumber="271" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BD1F07415564739BDDF324AFBD8FBD5" blockId="270.[151,1330,1078,1133]" box="[151,1045,1078,1103]" pageId="270" pageNumber="271">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB7ED75A15564739BDDF324AFBD8FBD5" box="[151,1045,1078,1103]" pageId="270" pageNumber="271">
<treatmentCitation id="0ACFD66515564739BDDF324AFDEAFBD5" author="Thunberg, C. P." box="[151,551,1078,1102]" page="12" pageId="270" pageNumber="271" year="1781">
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF715564739BDDF324AFDEAFBD5" authority="Thunberg, 1781: 12" authorityName="Thunberg" authorityPageNumber="12" authorityYear="1781" box="[151,551,1078,1102]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Coccinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="270" pageNumber="271" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="grandis">
<emphasis id="B91A2C6615564739BDDF324AFE95FBD5" box="[151,344,1078,1102]" italics="true" pageId="270" pageNumber="271">Coccinella grandis</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="3B06FA2915564739BC17324AFDEAFBD5" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4399052323" box="[351,551,1078,1102]" collectionCode="UUZM" country="China" location="China" pageId="270" pageNumber="271" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="lectotype">
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF8D8515564739BC17324AFDEAFBD5" author="Thunberg, C. P." box="[351,551,1078,1102]" pageId="270" pageNumber="271" refId="ref123325" refString="Thunberg, C. P. (1781) Dissertatio Entomologica Novas Insectorum Species, sistens cujus partem primam, Cons. Exper. Facul. Med. Upsal., publice ventilandam exhibent praeses Carol. P. Thunberg, et respondens Samuel Nicol. Casstrom. Joh. Edman, Upsaliae, 28 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 12285" type="book" year="1781">Thunberg, 1781: 12</bibRefCitation>
</materialsCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
(
<typeStatus id="54D54ED615564739BF7C324AFD56FBD5" box="[564,667,1078,1102]" pageId="270" pageNumber="271" type="lectotype">Lectotype</typeStatus>
male, UUZM; Type locality:
<collectingCountry id="F379B0E415564739BE81324AFBC7FBD5" box="[969,1034,1078,1102]" name="China" pageId="270" pageNumber="271">China</collectingCountry>
).
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD1F07415564739BDDF3229FAFFFBF6" blockId="270.[151,1330,1078,1133]" box="[151,1330,1109,1133]" pageId="270" pageNumber="271">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB7ED75A15564739BDDF3229FAFFFBF6" box="[151,1330,1109,1133]" pageId="270" pageNumber="271">
<treatmentCitation id="0ACFD66515564739BDDF3229FDE2FBF6" author="Mulsant, E." box="[151,559,1109,1133]" page="230" pageId="270" pageNumber="271" year="1850">
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF715564739BDDF3229FDE2FBF6" authority=": Mulsant, 1850: 230" authorityName="Mulsant" authorityPageNumber="230" authorityYear="1850" box="[151,559,1109,1133]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Synonycha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="270" pageNumber="271" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="grandis">
<emphasis id="B91A2C6615564739BDDF3229FE95FBF6" box="[151,344,1109,1133]" italics="true" pageId="270" pageNumber="271">Synonycha grandis</emphasis>
:
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF8D8515564739BC2E3229FDE2FBF6" author="Mulsant, E." box="[358,559,1109,1133]" pageId="270" pageNumber="271" pagination="1 - 1104" refId="ref117842" refString="Mulsant, E. (1850) Species des Coleopteres Trimeres Securipalpes. Annales des Sciences Physiques et Naturelles, d'Agriculture et d'Industrie, publiees par la Societe nationale d'Agriculture, etc., de Lyon, Deuxieme Serie, 2, 1 - 1104. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 8953" type="journal article" year="1850">Mulsant, 1850: 230</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
;
<treatmentCitation id="0ACFD66515564739BF713229FD6FFBF6" author="Mulsant, E." box="[569,674,1109,1133]" page="165" pageId="270" pageNumber="271" year="1866">
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF8D8515564739BF713229FD6FFBF6" author="Mulsant, E." box="[569,674,1109,1133]" pageId="270" pageNumber="271" refId="ref117962" refString="Mulsant, E. (1866) Monographie des Coccinellides. 1 re Partie Coccinelliens. Savy et Deyrolle, Paris, 294 pp." type="book" year="1866">1866: 165</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
; Crotch 1874: 171;
<treatmentCitation id="0ACFD66515564739BE233229FB96FBF6" author="Korschefsky, R." box="[875,1115,1109,1133]" page="268" pageId="270" pageNumber="271" year="1932">
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF8D8515564739BE233229FB96FBF6" author="Korschefsky, R." box="[875,1115,1109,1133]" pageId="270" pageNumber="271" refId="ref116133" refString="Korschefsky, R. (1932) Coleopterorum Catalogus. Pars 120. Coccinellidae II. W. Junk, Berlin, 435 pp." type="book" year="1932">Korschefsky 1932: 268</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
;
<treatmentCitation id="0ACFD66515564739B92D3229FAE2FBF6" author="Poorani, J." box="[1125,1327,1109,1133]" page="341" pageId="270" pageNumber="271" year="2002">
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF8D8515564739B92D3229FAE2FBF6" author="Poorani, J." box="[1125,1327,1109,1133]" pageId="270" pageNumber="271" pagination="307 - 383" refId="ref118931" refString="Poorani, J. (2002 a) An annotated checklist of the Coccinellidae (excluding Epilachninae) of the Indian subregion. Oriental Insects, 36, 307 - 383. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00305316.2002.10417335" type="journal article" year="2002">Poorani 2002a: 341</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C374A3FF15564739BDDF32E7FD96FAF2" pageId="270" pageNumber="271" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BD1F07415564739BDDF32E7FD96FAF2" blockId="270.[151,1437,1179,1997]" pageId="270" pageNumber="271">
<emphasis id="B91A2C6615564739BDDF32E7FEDFFB2E" bold="true" box="[151,274,1179,1205]" pageId="270" pageNumber="271">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
Length: 10.50–15.00 mm; width: 9.00–
<quantity id="4C965D9115564739BF9B32E7FC8AFB2D" box="[723,839,1179,1206]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.15" pageId="270" pageNumber="271" unit="mm" value="11.5">11.50 mm</quantity>
. Form very large and round, dorsum strongly convex and glabrous. Ground colour bright red, orange or yellow, pronotum with a large trapezoidal median black marking on basal margin, elytra with 13 black spots-three common spots on suture, rest arranged in a 1-2-2 pattern on each elytron (
<figureCitation id="1355ECF115564739BDB0337BFE4FFABA" box="[248,386,1287,1313]" captionStart="FIGURE 196" captionStartId="272.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[281,1306,181,1919]" captionTargetId="figure-20@272.[281,1306,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="272" captionText="FIGURE 196. Synonycha grandis (Thunberg), life stages: a. eggs; b–e. larva on bamboo; f. pupa; g–l. adult (Image credit: a, b, d, e, l – H.M. Yeshwanth, NCBS)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8262196" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8262196/files/figure.png" pageId="270" pageNumber="271">Fig. 196k–l</figureCitation>
). Ventral side uniformly reddish or yellowish brown. Tarsal claw stout, double (
<figureCitation id="1355ECF115564739B856337BFA5DFAB9" box="[1310,1424,1287,1314]" captionStart="FIGURE 195" captionStartId="271.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[209,1366,188,1910]" captionTargetId="figure-15@271.[203,1385,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId="271" captionText="FIGURE 195. Synonycha grandis (Thunberg): a. abdomen; b. abdominal postcoxal line; c. tarsal claw; d–g. male genitalia: d. tegmen, ventral view; e. tegmen, lateral view; f. penis; g. penis apex; h. female genitalia; i. spermatheca." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8262194" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8262194/files/figure.png" pageId="270" pageNumber="271">Fig. 195c</figureCitation>
). Abdominal postcoxal line (
<figureCitation id="1355ECF115564739BC853357FD95FADE" box="[461,600,1323,1350]" captionStart="FIGURE 195" captionStartId="271.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[209,1366,188,1910]" captionTargetId="figure-15@271.[203,1385,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId="271" captionText="FIGURE 195. Synonycha grandis (Thunberg): a. abdomen; b. abdominal postcoxal line; c. tarsal claw; d–g. male genitalia: d. tegmen, ventral view; e. tegmen, lateral view; f. penis; g. penis apex; h. female genitalia; i. spermatheca." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8262194" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8262194/files/figure.png" pageId="270" pageNumber="271">Fig. 195a, b</figureCitation>
) incomplete without an associated line. Male genitalia (
<figureCitation id="1355ECF115564739B9903357FAAEFADD" box="[1240,1379,1323,1350]" captionStart="FIGURE 195" captionStartId="271.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[209,1366,188,1910]" captionTargetId="figure-15@271.[203,1385,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId="271" captionText="FIGURE 195. Synonycha grandis (Thunberg): a. abdomen; b. abdominal postcoxal line; c. tarsal claw; d–g. male genitalia: d. tegmen, ventral view; e. tegmen, lateral view; f. penis; g. penis apex; h. female genitalia; i. spermatheca." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8262194" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8262194/files/figure.png" pageId="270" pageNumber="271">Fig. 195d–g</figureCitation>
) and spermatheca (
<figureCitation id="1355ECF115564739BC7A3333FE78FAF2" box="[306,437,1359,1386]" captionStart="FIGURE 195" captionStartId="271.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[209,1366,188,1910]" captionTargetId="figure-15@271.[203,1385,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId="271" captionText="FIGURE 195. Synonycha grandis (Thunberg): a. abdomen; b. abdominal postcoxal line; c. tarsal claw; d–g. male genitalia: d. tegmen, ventral view; e. tegmen, lateral view; f. penis; g. penis apex; h. female genitalia; i. spermatheca." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8262194" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8262194/files/figure.png" pageId="270" pageNumber="271">Fig. 195h, i</figureCitation>
) as illustrated.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C374A3FF15564739BD8F330FFB2EFA2A" pageId="270" pageNumber="271" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BD1F07415564739BD8F330FFB2EFA2A" blockId="270.[151,1437,1179,1997]" pageId="270" pageNumber="271">
<emphasis id="B91A2C6615564739BD8F330FFE5BFA16" bold="true" box="[199,406,1395,1421]" pageId="270" pageNumber="271">Immature stages.</emphasis>
Eggs yellow and spindle shaped, laid in large groups (
<figureCitation id="1355ECF115564739B948330FFBA2FA16" box="[1024,1135,1395,1421]" captionStart="FIGURE 196" captionStartId="272.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[281,1306,181,1919]" captionTargetId="figure-20@272.[281,1306,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="272" captionText="FIGURE 196. Synonycha grandis (Thunberg), life stages: a. eggs; b–e. larva on bamboo; f. pupa; g–l. adult (Image credit: a, b, d, e, l – H.M. Yeshwanth, NCBS)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8262196" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8262196/files/figure.png" pageId="270" pageNumber="271">Fig. 196a</figureCitation>
). Larva greyish black with yellow pattern (
<figureCitation id="1355ECF115564739BC0F33EBFE1EFA2A" box="[327,467,1431,1457]" captionStart="FIGURE 196" captionStartId="272.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[281,1306,181,1919]" captionTargetId="figure-20@272.[281,1306,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="272" captionText="FIGURE 196. Synonycha grandis (Thunberg), life stages: a. eggs; b–e. larva on bamboo; f. pupa; g–l. adult (Image credit: a, b, d, e, l – H.M. Yeshwanth, NCBS)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8262196" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8262196/files/figure.png" pageId="270" pageNumber="271">Fig. 196b–e</figureCitation>
). Pupa (
<figureCitation id="1355ECF115564739BF6533EBFD5BFA2A" box="[557,662,1431,1457]" captionStart="FIGURE 196" captionStartId="272.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[281,1306,181,1919]" captionTargetId="figure-20@272.[281,1306,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="272" captionText="FIGURE 196. Synonycha grandis (Thunberg), life stages: a. eggs; b–e. larva on bamboo; f. pupa; g–l. adult (Image credit: a, b, d, e, l – H.M. Yeshwanth, NCBS)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8262196" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8262196/files/figure.png" pageId="270" pageNumber="271">Fig. 196f</figureCitation>
) yellowish orange to reddish with black maculation.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C374A3FF15564739BD8F33C7FCA8F986" pageId="270" pageNumber="271" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BD1F07415564739BD8F33C7FCA8F986" blockId="270.[151,1437,1179,1997]" pageId="270" pageNumber="271">
<emphasis id="B91A2C6615564739BD8F33C7FEACFA4E" bold="true" box="[199,353,1467,1493]" pageId="270" pageNumber="271">Distribution.</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="F379B0E415564739BC2133C7FE6AFA4E" box="[361,423,1467,1493]" name="India" pageId="270" pageNumber="271">India</collectingCountry>
: Widely distributed, more common in the southern and northeastern regions (Andamans,
<collectingRegion id="49AA3E9615564739BDDF33A3FEC0FA62" box="[151,269,1503,1529]" country="India" name="Karnataka" pageId="270" pageNumber="271">Karnataka</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="49AA3E9615564739BC5233A3FEB1FA62" box="[282,380,1503,1529]" country="India" name="Manipur" pageId="270" pageNumber="271">Manipur</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="49AA3E9615564739BCC133A3FDDFFA62" box="[393,530,1503,1529]" country="India" name="Tamil Nadu" pageId="270" pageNumber="271">Tamil Nadu</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="49AA3E9615564739BF68339CFD7FFA62" box="[544,690,1503,1530]" country="India" name="West Bengal" pageId="270" pageNumber="271">West Bengal</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="49AA3E9615564739BF8833A3FCDBFA62" box="[704,790,1503,1529]" country="India" name="Sikkim" pageId="270" pageNumber="271">Sikkim</collectingRegion>
);
<collectingCountry id="F379B0E415564739BE6333A3FC53FA62" box="[811,926,1503,1529]" name="Sri Lanka" pageId="270" pageNumber="271">Sri Lanka</collectingCountry>
;
<collectingCountry id="F379B0E415564739BEE333A3FC3CFA62" box="[939,1009,1503,1529]" name="Nepal" pageId="270" pageNumber="271">Nepal</collectingCountry>
;
<collectingCountry id="F379B0E415564739BEB733A3FBA4FA62" box="[1023,1129,1503,1529]" name="Malaysia" pageId="270" pageNumber="271">Malaysia</collectingCountry>
;
<collectingCountry id="F379B0E415564739B93F33A3FB34FA62" box="[1143,1273,1503,1529]" name="Philippines" pageId="270" pageNumber="271">Philippines</collectingCountry>
; New
<collectingCountry id="F379B0E415564739B80C33A3FA55FA62" box="[1348,1432,1503,1529]" name="Guinea-Bissau" pageId="270" pageNumber="271">Guinea</collectingCountry>
;
<collectingCountry id="F379B0E415564739BDDF3078FF17F985" box="[151,218,1540,1566]" name="Japan" pageId="270" pageNumber="271">Japan</collectingCountry>
;
<collectingCountry id="F379B0E415564739BDAE307FFEE1F986" box="[230,300,1539,1565]" name="China" pageId="270" pageNumber="271">China</collectingCountry>
;
<collectingCountry id="F379B0E415564739BC7F307FFE40F986" box="[311,397,1539,1565]" name="Taiwan" pageId="270" pageNumber="271">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
. Widely distributed in the Oriental region.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C374A3FF15564739BD8F305BFE15F856" pageId="270" pageNumber="271" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="8BD1F07415564739BD8F305BFADBF935" blockId="270.[151,1437,1179,1997]" pageId="270" pageNumber="271">
<emphasis id="B91A2C6615564739BD8F305BFE2AF9DA" bold="true" box="[199,487,1575,1601]" pageId="270" pageNumber="271">Prey/associated habitat.</emphasis>
Found in large numbers on bamboo, and rarely in crop ecosystems. Collected in association with aphids infesting bhendi, lablab and
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF715564739BF9F3030FC46F9FE" box="[727,907,1612,1638]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="270" pageNumber="271" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="serrata">
<emphasis id="B91A2C6615564739BF9F3030FC46F9FE" box="[727,907,1612,1638]" italics="true" pageId="270" pageNumber="271">Quercus serrata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The adults survive on aphids infesting cowpea, groundnut, cotton, pea, rose, jack, brinjal, cabbage, radish, mustard, citrus, sorghum, etc. in the laboratory, but apparently bamboo aphids are essential/preferred food (
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF8D8515564739BE4E30EFFB0EF935" author="Puttarudriah, M. &amp; Channabasavanna, G. P." box="[774,1219,1683,1710]" pageId="270" pageNumber="271" pagination="20" refId="ref119802" refString="Puttarudriah, M. &amp; Channabasavanna, G. P. (1952) Two giant ladybird beetles predaceous on aphids in Mysore. Indian Journal of Entomology, 14, 20." type="journal article" year="1952">Puttarudriah &amp; Channabasavanna 1952</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF8D8515564739B98630EFFAC7F935" author="Puttarudriah, M. &amp; Channabasavanna, G. P." box="[1230,1290,1683,1710]" pageId="270" pageNumber="271" pagination="87 - 96" refId="ref119835" refString="Puttarudriah, M. &amp; Channabasavanna, G. P. (1953) Beneficial coccinellids of Mysore - I. Indian Journal of Entomology, 15, 87 - 96." type="journal article" year="1953">1953</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD1F07415564739BD8F30CBFB94F8A6" blockId="270.[151,1437,1179,1997]" pageId="270" pageNumber="271">
Recorded hosts include the following:
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF715564739BF3630CBFD34F94A" box="[638,761,1719,1745]" class="Magnoliopsida" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Hemiptera" pageId="270" pageNumber="271" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="order">Hemiptera</taxonomicName>
:
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF715564739BE4B30CBFCB1F94A" box="[771,892,1719,1745]" class="Insecta" family="Aphididae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="270" pageNumber="271" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Aphididae</taxonomicName>
:
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF715564739BECF30CBFB5DF94A" authority="Koch" authorityName="Koch" box="[903,1168,1719,1745]" class="Insecta" family="Aphididae" genus="Aphis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="270" pageNumber="271" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="craccivora">
<emphasis id="B91A2C6615564739BECF30CBFB85F94A" box="[903,1096,1719,1745]" italics="true" pageId="270" pageNumber="271">Aphis craccivora</emphasis>
Koch
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF715564739B9D530CBFA54F94A" authority="Glover" authorityName="Glover" box="[1181,1433,1719,1745]" class="Insecta" family="Aphididae" genus="Aphis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="270" pageNumber="271" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gossypii">
<emphasis id="B91A2C6615564739B9D530CBFA8CF94A" box="[1181,1345,1719,1745]" italics="true" pageId="270" pageNumber="271">Aphis gossypii</emphasis>
Glover
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF715564739BDDF30A7FEE4F96E" authorityName="Karsch" authorityYear="1890" box="[151,297,1755,1781]" class="Insecta" family="Aphididae" genus="Astegopteryx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="270" pageNumber="271" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B91A2C6615564739BDDF30A7FEE4F96E" box="[151,297,1755,1781]" italics="true" pageId="270" pageNumber="271">Astegopteryx</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(as
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF715564739BC2630A0FE04F96D" box="[366,457,1756,1782]" class="Insecta" family="Aphididae" genus="Oregma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="270" pageNumber="271" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B91A2C6615564739BC2630A0FE04F96D" box="[366,457,1756,1782]" italics="true" pageId="270" pageNumber="271">Oregma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
)
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF715564739BCAC30A7FD11F96E" authority="(Buckton)" baseAuthorityName="Buckton" box="[484,732,1755,1781]" class="Insecta" family="Aphididae" genus="Aiceona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="270" pageNumber="271" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bambusae">
<emphasis id="B91A2C6615564739BCAC30A7FD9BF96E" box="[484,598,1755,1781]" italics="true" pageId="270" pageNumber="271">bambusae</emphasis>
(Buckton)
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF715564739BFBA30A7FC0BF96D" box="[754,966,1755,1782]" class="Insecta" family="Aphididae" genus="Astegopteryx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="270" pageNumber="271" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="B91A2C6615564739BFBA30A7FC49F96E" box="[754,900,1755,1781]" italics="true" pageId="270" pageNumber="271">Astegopteryx</emphasis>
spp.
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF715564739BE9530A7FA54F96E" authority="(Takahashi)" baseAuthorityName="Takahashi" baseAuthorityYear="1924" box="[989,1433,1755,1781]" class="Insecta" family="Aphididae" genus="Pseudoregma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="270" pageNumber="271" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alexanderi">
<emphasis id="B91A2C6615564739BE9530A7FACDF96E" box="[989,1280,1755,1781]" italics="true" pageId="270" pageNumber="271">Pseudoregma alexanderi</emphasis>
(Takahashi)
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF715564739BDDF3083FD9DF882" authority="(Takahashi)" baseAuthorityName="Takahashi" baseAuthorityYear="1921" box="[151,592,1791,1817]" class="Insecta" family="Aphididae" genus="Pseudoregma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="270" pageNumber="271" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bambusicola">
<emphasis id="B91A2C6615564739BDDF3083FE09F882" box="[151,452,1791,1817]" italics="true" pageId="270" pageNumber="271">Pseudoregma bambusicola</emphasis>
(Takahashi)
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF715564739BF103083FC10F881" authority="Ghosh et al." authorityName="Ghosh" box="[600,989,1791,1818]" class="Insecta" family="Aphididae" genus="Pseudoregma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="270" pageNumber="271" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bucktoni">
<emphasis id="B91A2C6615564739BF103083FC9BF882" box="[600,854,1791,1817]" italics="true" pageId="270" pageNumber="271">Pseudoregma bucktoni</emphasis>
Ghosh
<emphasis id="B91A2C6615564739BEE1317CFC15F882" box="[937,984,1791,1817]" italics="true" pageId="270" pageNumber="271">et al</emphasis>
.
</taxonomicName>
, sugarcane woolly aphid (
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF715564739B9B6317CFEAAF8A6" authority="Zehntner" authorityName="Zehntner" authorityYear="1897" class="Insecta" family="Aphididae" genus="Ceratovacuna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="270" pageNumber="271" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lanigera">
<emphasis id="B91A2C6615564739B9B6317CFF3BF8A6" italics="true" pageId="270" pageNumber="271">Ceratovacuna lanigera</emphasis>
Zehntner
</taxonomicName>
),
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF715564739BC313158FCC3F8A6" authority="(Takahashi)" baseAuthorityName="Takahashi" baseAuthorityYear="1927" box="[377,782,1827,1854]" class="Insecta" family="Aphididae" genus="Ceratovacuna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="270" pageNumber="271" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="silvestrii">
<emphasis id="B91A2C6615564739BC313158FDB2F8A6" box="[377,639,1827,1854]" italics="true" pageId="270" pageNumber="271">Ceratovacuna silvestrii</emphasis>
(Takahashi)
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF715564739BE50315FFB94F8A6" authority="Ghosh." box="[792,1113,1827,1853]" class="Insecta" family="Aphididae" genus="Tuberculatus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="270" pageNumber="271" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="indicus">
<emphasis id="B91A2C6615564739BE50315FFBCCF8A6" box="[792,1025,1827,1853]" italics="true" pageId="270" pageNumber="271">Tuberculatus indicus</emphasis>
Ghosh.
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD1F07415564739BD8F313BFB20F81E" blockId="270.[151,1437,1179,1997]" pageId="270" pageNumber="271">
<emphasis id="B91A2C6615564739BD8F313BFE0EF8FA" bold="true" box="[199,451,1863,1889]" pageId="270" pageNumber="271">Seasonal occurrence.</emphasis>
Collected round the year; particularly abundant during July–December in and around Bangalore (
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF8D8515564739BC513117FD1BF81D" author="Puttarudriah, M. &amp; Channabasavanna, G. P." box="[281,726,1899,1926]" pageId="270" pageNumber="271" pagination="87 - 96" refId="ref119835" refString="Puttarudriah, M. &amp; Channabasavanna, G. P. (1953) Beneficial coccinellids of Mysore - I. Indian Journal of Entomology, 15, 87 - 96." type="journal article" year="1953">Puttarudriah &amp; Channabasavanna 1953</bibRefCitation>
); June–August in eastern region (
<collectingRegion id="49AA3E9615564739B9043117FB2DF81E" box="[1100,1248,1899,1925]" country="India" name="West Bengal" pageId="270" pageNumber="271">West Bengal</collectingRegion>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD1F07415564739BD8F31F3FE15F856" blockId="270.[151,1437,1179,1997]" pageId="270" pageNumber="271">
<emphasis id="B91A2C6615564739BD8F31F3FE56F832" bold="true" box="[199,411,1935,1961]" pageId="270" pageNumber="271">Natural enemies.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF715564739BCE431F3FDA8F831" box="[428,613,1935,1962]" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Tetrastichus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="270" pageNumber="271" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="B91A2C6615564739BCE431F3FDF9F832" box="[428,564,1935,1961]" italics="true" pageId="270" pageNumber="271">Tetrastichus</emphasis>
sp.
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF8D8515564739BF3531F3FB9AF831" author="Puttarudriah, M. &amp; Channabasavanna, G. P." box="[637,1111,1935,1962]" pageId="270" pageNumber="271" pagination="87 - 96" refId="ref119835" refString="Puttarudriah, M. &amp; Channabasavanna, G. P. (1953) Beneficial coccinellids of Mysore - I. Indian Journal of Entomology, 15, 87 - 96." type="journal article" year="1953">Puttarudriah &amp; Channabasavanna 1953</bibRefCitation>
);
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF715564739B93D31F3FE19F856" authority="(Ramaraju &amp; Poorani 2012)" baseAuthorityName="Ramaraju &amp; Poorani" baseAuthorityYear="2012" class="Arachnida" family="Podapolipidae" genus="Coccipolipus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trombidiformes" pageId="270" pageNumber="271" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="synonychae">
<emphasis id="B91A2C6615564739B93D31F3FA50F832" box="[1141,1437,1935,1961]" italics="true" pageId="270" pageNumber="271">Coccipolipus synonychae</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF8D8515564739BDD631CFFE01F856" author="Ramaraju, K. &amp; Poorani, J." box="[158,460,1971,1997]" pageId="270" pageNumber="271" pagination="260 - 296" refId="ref120352" refString="Ramaraju, K. &amp; Poorani, J. (2012) A new species of Coccipolipus (Acari: Podapolipidae) parasitic on the giant coccinellid beetle from India. International Journal of Acarology, 38, 260 - 296. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 01647954.2011.651156" type="journal article" year="2012">Ramaraju &amp; Poorani 2012</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF11A0FC15574738BDDF31EBFB77F84F" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8262194" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8262194" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8262194/files/figure.png" pageId="271" pageNumber="272" startId="271.[151,250,1943,1967]" targetBox="[209,1366,188,1910]" targetPageId="271" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BD1F07415574738BDDF31EBFB77F84F" blockId="271.[151,1437,1943,2004]" pageId="271" pageNumber="272">
<emphasis id="B91A2C6615574738BDDF31EBFEEBF834" bold="true" box="[151,294,1943,1967]" pageId="271" pageNumber="272">FIGURE 195</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF715574738BC7B31E4FDBEF82B" authority="(Thunberg)" baseAuthorityName="Thunberg" baseAuthorityYear="1781" box="[307,627,1944,1968]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Synonycha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="271" pageNumber="272" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="grandis">
<emphasis id="B91A2C6615574738BC7B31E4FE38F82B" box="[307,501,1944,1968]" italics="true" pageId="271" pageNumber="272">Synonycha grandis</emphasis>
(Thunberg)
</taxonomicName>
: a. abdomen; b. abdominal postcoxal line; c. tarsal claw; d–g. male genitalia: d. tegmen, ventral view; e. tegmen, lateral view; f. penis; g. penis apex; h. female genitalia; i. spermatheca.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF11A0FC15484727BDDF31EBFE3FF848" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8262196" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8262196" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8262196/files/figure.png" pageId="272" pageNumber="273" startId="272.[151,250,1943,1967]" targetBox="[281,1306,181,1919]" targetPageId="272" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BD1F07415484727BDDF31EBFE3FF848" blockId="272.[151,1436,1943,2003]" pageId="272" pageNumber="273">
<emphasis id="B91A2C6615484727BDDF31EBFEEBF834" bold="true" box="[151,294,1943,1967]" pageId="272" pageNumber="273">FIGURE 196</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF715484727BC7A31EBFDA2F834" authority="(Thunberg)" baseAuthorityName="Thunberg" baseAuthorityYear="1781" box="[306,623,1943,1967]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Synonycha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="272" pageNumber="273" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="grandis">
<emphasis id="B91A2C6615484727BC7A31EBFE3EF834" box="[306,499,1943,1967]" italics="true" pageId="272" pageNumber="273">Synonycha grandis</emphasis>
(Thunberg)
</taxonomicName>
, life stages: a. eggs; b–e. larva on bamboo; f. pupa; g–l. adult (Image credit: a, b, d, e, l – H.M. Yeshwanth, NCBS).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF11A0FC15494726BDDF31E4FB52F82B" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8262202" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8262202" box="[151,1183,1944,1968]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8262202/files/figure.png" pageId="273" pageNumber="274" startId="273.[151,250,1944,1968]" targetBox="[190,1398,181,1920]" targetPageId="273" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BD1F07415494726BDDF31E4FB52F82B" blockId="273.[151,1183,1944,1968]" box="[151,1183,1944,1968]" pageId="273" pageNumber="274">
<emphasis id="B91A2C6615494726BDDF31E4FEE0F82B" bold="true" box="[151,301,1944,1968]" pageId="273" pageNumber="274">FIGURE 197.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF715494726BC7B31E4FDF6F82B" authority="(Weise)" baseAuthorityName="Weise" box="[307,571,1944,1968]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Calvia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="273" pageNumber="274" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="andrewesi">
<emphasis id="B91A2C6615494726BC7B31E4FE29F82B" box="[307,484,1944,1968]" italics="true" pageId="273" pageNumber="274">Calvia andrewesi</emphasis>
(Weise)
</taxonomicName>
, life stages: a, b. larva; c. prepupa; d, e. pupa; f–i. live adult.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF11A0FC154A4725BDDF3138FC02F81B" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8262205" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8262205" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8262205/files/figure.png" pageId="274" pageNumber="275" startId="274.[151,250,1860,1884]" targetBox="[151,1436,181,1836]" targetPageId="274" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BD1F074154A4725BDDF3138FC02F81B" blockId="274.[151,1436,1860,1921]" pageId="274" pageNumber="275">
<emphasis id="B91A2C66154A4725BDDF3138FEE4F8C7" bold="true" box="[151,297,1860,1884]" pageId="274" pageNumber="275">FIGURE 198</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF7154A4725BC703139FDBEF8C6" authority="(Jing)" baseAuthorityName="Jing" box="[312,627,1861,1885]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Coelophora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="274" pageNumber="275" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lushuiensis">
<emphasis id="B91A2C66154A4725BC703139FDE6F8C6" box="[312,555,1861,1885]" italics="true" pageId="274" pageNumber="275">Coelophora lushuiensis</emphasis>
(Jing)
</taxonomicName>
: a, adult, dorsal view; b. adult, lateral view; c. adult, frontal view; d–g. male genitalia: d. tegmen, lateral view; e. tegmen, ventral view; f. penis; g. penis apex.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF11A0FC154B4724BDDF31EBFDC8F86C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8262209" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8262209" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8262209/files/figure.png" pageId="275" pageNumber="276" startId="275.[151,250,1943,1967]" targetBox="[223,1377,194,1916]" targetPageId="275" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BD1F074154B4724BDDF31EBFDC8F86C" blockId="275.[151,1436,1943,2040]" pageId="275" pageNumber="276">
<emphasis id="B91A2C66154B4724BDDF31EBFEE5F834" bold="true" box="[151,296,1943,1967]" pageId="275" pageNumber="276">FIGURE 199</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF7154B4724BC7E31E4FDF5F82B" authority="POORANI, 2023" authorityName="Poorani" authorityYear="2023" box="[310,568,1944,1968]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Harmonia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="275" pageNumber="276" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="andamanensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B91A2C66154B4724BC7E31E4FDF5F82B" box="[310,568,1944,1968]" italics="true" pageId="275" pageNumber="276">Harmonia andamanensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A229911D154B4724BF0831E4FDB6F834" box="[576,635,1944,1967]" pageId="275" pageNumber="276" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
: a. adult female, dorsal view; b. adult male, dorsal view; c. apical abdominal ventrites, male; d. apical abdominal ventrites, female; e. spermatheca; f–i. male genitalia: f. tegmen, lateral view; g. tegmen, ventral view; h. penis; i. penis apex.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C374A3FF154C4723BD8F36EBFA86FEDA" pageId="276" pageNumber="277" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BD1F074154C4723BD8F36EBFA86FEDA" blockId="276.[151,1437,151,321]" pageId="276" pageNumber="277">
<emphasis id="B91A2C66154C4723BD8F36EBFEDCFF2A" bold="true" box="[199,273,151,177]" pageId="276" pageNumber="277">Notes.</emphasis>
This is one of the largest ladybirds of the world and
<collectingCountry id="F379B0E4154C4723BE3436EBFC74FF2A" box="[892,953,151,177]" name="India" pageId="276" pageNumber="277">India</collectingCountry>
. It is commonly found on ornamental and wild bamboo in association with various bamboo aphids.
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF8D85154C4723BE7D36C7FC20FF4E" author="Stebbing, E. P." box="[821,1005,187,213]" pageId="276" pageNumber="277" pagination="47 - 62" refId="ref122979" refString="Stebbing, E. P. (1903) Coleoptera 2. Notes upon the known predaceous Coccinellidae of the Indian region, Part I. Indian Museum Notes, VI (1), 47 - 62." type="journal article" year="1903">Stebbing (1903)</bibRefCitation>
illustrated the adult with brief notes.
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF8D85154C4723BDDF36A3FD94FF62" author="Puttarudriah, M. &amp; Channabasavanna, G. P." box="[151,601,222,249]" pageId="276" pageNumber="277" pagination="20" refId="ref119802" refString="Puttarudriah, M. &amp; Channabasavanna, G. P. (1952) Two giant ladybird beetles predaceous on aphids in Mysore. Indian Journal of Entomology, 14, 20." type="journal article" year="1952">Puttarudriah &amp; Channabasavanna (1952</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF8D85154C4723BF2B36A2FD51FF62" author="Puttarudriah, M. &amp; Channabasavanna, G. P." box="[611,668,222,249]" pageId="276" pageNumber="277" pagination="87 - 96" refId="ref119835" refString="Puttarudriah, M. &amp; Channabasavanna, G. P. (1953) Beneficial coccinellids of Mysore - I. Indian Journal of Entomology, 15, 87 - 96." type="journal article" year="1953">1953</bibRefCitation>
) and
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF8D85154C4723BF9236A3FB99FF63" author="Puttarudriah, M. &amp; Maheswari, B. M." box="[730,1108,222,249]" pageId="276" pageNumber="277" pagination="265 - 278" refId="ref119970" refString="Puttarudriah, M. &amp; Maheswari, B. M. (1966) Biology, fecundity and rate of feeding of Synonycha grandis Thunberg. Proceedings, Indian Academy of Sciences, 12 B, 265 - 278." type="journal article" year="1966">Puttarudriah &amp; Maheswari (1966)</bibRefCitation>
studied its biology, hosts and feeding potential. Deng
<emphasis id="B91A2C66154C4723BCE5377FFE2CFE86" box="[429,481,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="276" pageNumber="277">et al</emphasis>
. (1987) studied its potential as an augmentative bioagent for controlling sugarcane woolly aphid (
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF7154C4723BC72375BFDF2FEDA" authorityName="Zehntner" authorityYear="1897" box="[314,575,295,321]" class="Insecta" family="Aphididae" genus="Ceratovacuna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="276" pageNumber="277" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lanigera">
<emphasis id="B91A2C66154C4723BC72375BFDF2FEDA" box="[314,575,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="276" pageNumber="277">Ceratovacuna lanigera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) in
<collectingCountry id="F379B0E4154C4723BF24375BFD7EFEDA" box="[620,691,295,321]" name="China" pageId="276" pageNumber="277">China</collectingCountry>
. See
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF8D85154C4723BFA4375BFC67FEDA" author="Ren, S. X. &amp; Wang, X. M. &amp; Pang, H. &amp; Peng, Z. Q. &amp; Zeng, T." box="[748,938,295,321]" pageId="276" pageNumber="277" refId="ref120760" refString="Ren, S. X., Wang, X. M., Pang, H., Peng, Z. Q. &amp; Zeng, T. (2009) Colored pictorial handbook of ladybird beetles in China. Science Press, Beijing, 336 pp. [in Chinese]" type="book" year="2009">
Ren
<emphasis id="B91A2C66154C4723BE69375BFC94FEDA" box="[801,857,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="276" pageNumber="277">et al.</emphasis>
(2009)
</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF8D85154C4723BEA8375BFB9CFEDA" author="Yu, G." box="[992,1105,295,321]" pageId="276" pageNumber="277" refId="ref124811" refString="Yu, G. (2010) Chinese Lady Beetles (The Subfamily Coccinellinae). China Scientific Press, Beijing, 180 pp. [in Chinese]" type="book" year="2010">Yu (2010)</bibRefCitation>
for more illustrations.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
Reference in a new issue View git blame Copy permalink