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<paragraph id="8BD1F07414E0468FBDDF3349FDC5FAD4" blockId="184.[151,520,1333,1395]" box="[151,520,1333,1360]" pageId="184" pageNumber="185">
<heading id="D099471814E0468FBDDF3349FDC5FAD4" bold="true" box="[151,520,1333,1360]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="184" pageNumber="185" reason="4">
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF714E0468FBDDF3349FDC5FAD4" authority="(Walker)" baseAuthorityName="Walker" box="[151,520,1333,1360]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Micraspis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="184" pageNumber="185" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tenuilinea">
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614E0468FBDDF3349FDC5FAD4" bold="true" box="[151,520,1333,1360]" pageId="184" pageNumber="185">
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614E0468FBDDF3349FE42FACB" bold="true" box="[151,399,1333,1360]" italics="true" pageId="184" pageNumber="185">Micraspis tenuilinea</emphasis>
(Walker)
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C374A3FF14E0468FBDDF3325FE8EFAE8" box="[151,323,1369,1395]" pageId="184" pageNumber="185" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BD1F07414E0468FBDDF3325FE8EFAE8" blockId="184.[151,520,1333,1395]" box="[151,323,1369,1395]" pageId="184" pageNumber="185">
(
<figureCitation id="1355ECF114E0468FBDD73325FEC9FAE8" box="[159,260,1369,1395]" captionStart="FIGURE 132" captionStartId="186.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[211,1377,188,1911]" captionTargetId="figure-20@186.[203,1385,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId="186" captionText="FIGURE 132. Micraspis tenuilinea (Walker): ac. adult, dorsal view; d. adult, frontal view; e. adult, lateral view; f. adult, ventral view; g. prosternal process; h. abdominal postcoxal line; i. spermatheca; jm. male genitalia: j. tegmen, lateral view; k. tegmen, ventral view; l. penis; m. penis apex." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8261973" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8261973/files/figure.png" pageId="184" pageNumber="185">Figs 132</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="1355ECF114E0468FBC583325FEF6FAE8" box="[272,315,1369,1395]" captionStart="FIGURE 133" captionStartId="187.[151,250,1944,1968]" captionTargetBox="[190,1398,181,1920]" captionTargetId="figure-15@187.[190,1398,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId="187" captionText="FIGURE 133. Micraspis tenuilinea (Walker), life stages: a, eggs; bi. larva; j, k. pupa; l, m. adult; n. Homalotylus sp., its larval parasitoid." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8261977" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8261977/files/figure.png" pageId="184" pageNumber="185">133</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C374A3FF14E0468FBDDF33E2FDBCFA4F" pageId="184" pageNumber="185" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BD1F07414E0468FBDDF33E2FB9FFA2D" blockId="184.[151,1106,1438,1493]" box="[151,1106,1438,1462]" pageId="184" pageNumber="185">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB7ED75A14E0468FBDDF33E2FB9FFA2D" box="[151,1106,1438,1462]" pageId="184" pageNumber="185">
<treatmentCitation id="0ACFD66514E0468FBDDF33E2FDFCFA2D" author="Walker, F." box="[151,561,1438,1462]" page="219" pageId="184" pageNumber="185" year="1859">
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF714E0468FBDDF33E2FDFCFA2D" authority="Walker, 1859: 219" authorityName="Walker" authorityPageNumber="219" authorityYear="1859" box="[151,561,1438,1462]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Coccinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="184" pageNumber="185" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tenuilinea">
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614E0468FBDDF33E2FEBDFA2D" box="[151,368,1438,1462]" italics="true" pageId="184" pageNumber="185">Coccinella tenuilinea</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="3B06FA2914E0468FBC3F33E2FDFCFA2D" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4399052348" box="[375,561,1438,1462]" collectionCode="BMNH" pageId="184" pageNumber="185" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="lectotype">
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF8D8514E0468FBC3F33E2FDFCFA2D" author="Walker, F." box="[375,561,1438,1462]" pageId="184" pageNumber="185" pagination="217 - 224" refId="ref123891" refString="Walker, F. (1859) Characters of some apparently undescribed Ceylon insects. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 3, 4, 217 - 224. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222935908697111" type="journal article" year="1859">Walker, 1859: 219</bibRefCitation>
</materialsCitation>
</taxonomicName>
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(
<typeStatus id="54D54ED614E0468FBF7633E2FD68FA2D" box="[574,677,1438,1462]" pageId="184" pageNumber="185" type="lectotype">Lectotype</typeStatus>
female: BMNH; Type locality: Ceylon).
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD1F07414E0468FBDDF33C1FDBCFA4F" blockId="184.[151,1106,1438,1493]" box="[151,625,1468,1493]" pageId="184" pageNumber="185">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB7ED75A14E0468FBDDF33C1FDBCFA4F" box="[151,625,1468,1493]" pageId="184" pageNumber="185">
<treatmentCitation id="0ACFD66514E0468FBDDF33C1FDA0FA4F" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8261644" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8261644" author="Poorani, J. &amp; Booth, R. G. &amp; Anuradha, C. &amp; Gracy, R. G. &amp; Thanigairaj, R. &amp; Swathi, R. S." box="[151,621,1468,1493]" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C7416214E0468BBDDF3349FC6DFD56" page="458" pageId="184" pageNumber="185" year="2023">
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF714E0468FBDDF33C1FDA0FA4F" authority=": Poorani et al. 2023: 458" authorityName="Poorani" authorityPageNumber="458" authorityYear="2023" box="[151,621,1468,1493]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Micraspis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="184" pageNumber="185" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tenuilinea">
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614E0468FBDDF33C1FEA5FA4F" box="[151,360,1468,1492]" italics="true" pageId="184" pageNumber="185">Micraspis tenuilinea</emphasis>
:
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF8D8514E0468FBC3E33C0FDA0FA4F" author="Poorani, J. &amp; Booth, R. G. &amp; Anuradha, C. &amp; Gracy, R. G. &amp; Thanigairaj, R. &amp; Swathi, R. S." box="[374,621,1468,1493]" pageId="184" pageNumber="185" pagination="446 - 476" refId="ref119712" refString="Poorani, J., Booth, R. G., Anuradha, C., Gracy, R. G., Thanigairaj, R. &amp; Swathi, R. S. (2023) Identity of the ' true' Micraspis discolor (Fabricius) (Coleoptera, Coccinellidae) with illustrated diagnostic notes on other Micraspis spp. in Indian paddy fields. Zootaxa, 5271 (3), 446 - 476. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 5271.3.2" type="journal article" year="2023">
Poorani
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614E0468FBC8333C1FE33FA4F" box="[459,510,1468,1492]" italics="true" pageId="184" pageNumber="185">et al.</emphasis>
2023: 458
</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
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.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C374A3FF14E0468BBDDF307EFE41FE86" lastPageId="188" lastPageNumber="189" pageId="184" pageNumber="185" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BD1F07414E0468FBDDF307EFB02F96E" blockId="184.[151,1437,1538,2033]" pageId="184" pageNumber="185">
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614E0468FBDDF307EFEC7F987" bold="true" box="[151,266,1538,1564]" pageId="184" pageNumber="185">Diagnosis</emphasis>
: Length:
<quantity id="4C965D9114E0468FBCC8307FFDE6F986" box="[384,555,1539,1565]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.05" metricValueMax="3.4" metricValueMin="2.7" pageId="184" pageNumber="185" unit="mm" value="3.05" valueMax="3.4" valueMin="2.7">2.703.40 mm</quantity>
; width: 2.303.00 mm. Form (
<figureCitation id="1355ECF114E0468FBED0307FFBE8F986" box="[920,1061,1539,1565]" captionStart="FIGURE 132" captionStartId="186.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[211,1377,188,1911]" captionTargetId="figure-20@186.[203,1385,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId="186" captionText="FIGURE 132. Micraspis tenuilinea (Walker): ac. adult, dorsal view; d. adult, frontal view; e. adult, lateral view; f. adult, ventral view; g. prosternal process; h. abdominal postcoxal line; i. spermatheca; jm. male genitalia: j. tegmen, lateral view; k. tegmen, ventral view; l. penis; m. penis apex." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8261973" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8261973/files/figure.png" pageId="184" pageNumber="185">Fig. 132ad</figureCitation>
) broad oval to circular, dorsum convex and glabrous except head with silvery white pubescence around clypeal area. Ground colour orange-yellow to reddish; head with a black transverse macula in posterior half, genae usually dark brown to black, occasionally paler; pronotum with a pair of triangular black maculae on posterior margin on either side of scutellar shield and a pair of circular discal black spots around middle; scutellar shield yellowish and bordered black, rarely fully darker; elytra orange-yellow with a black stripe on suture slightly broader in the middle, basal margin narrowly black, lateral margins of elytra very narrowly black for up to 3/4
<superScript id="7C1B5D3C14E0468FBE5630A6FCE6F973" attach="left" box="[798,811,1754,1768]" fontSize="6" pageId="184" pageNumber="185">th</superScript>
of its length, apical fourth yellowish.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD1F07414E0468BBD8F3083FE41FE86" blockId="184.[151,1437,1538,2033]" lastBlockId="188.[151,1437,151,717]" lastPageId="188" lastPageNumber="189" pageId="184" pageNumber="185">
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF714E0468FBD8F3083FE63F882" box="[199,430,1791,1817]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Micraspis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="184" pageNumber="185" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tenuilinea">
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614E0468FBD8F3083FE63F882" box="[199,430,1791,1817]" italics="true" pageId="184" pageNumber="185">Micraspis tenuilinea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
co-exists with
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF714E0468FBF1E3083FD1AF882" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1798" box="[598,727,1791,1817]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Micraspis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="184" pageNumber="185" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="discolor">
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614E0468FBF1E3083FD1AF882" box="[598,727,1791,1817]" italics="true" pageId="184" pageNumber="185">M. discolor</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in peninsular
<collectingCountry id="F379B0E414E0468FBE3D3083FC7FF882" box="[885,946,1791,1817]" name="India" pageId="184" pageNumber="185">India</collectingCountry>
. It has a more circular, broader body outline with distinctly rounded elytra compared to
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF714E0468FBFC6315FFCDEF8A6" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1798" box="[654,787,1827,1853]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Micraspis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="184" pageNumber="185" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="discolor">
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614E0468FBFC6315FFCDEF8A6" box="[654,787,1827,1853]" italics="true" pageId="184" pageNumber="185">M. discolor</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
which has an oval, more elongate form with somewhat narrower elytra. Besides, the pronotum in
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF714E0468FBF3B313BFCC4F8FA" box="[627,777,1863,1889]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Micraspis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="184" pageNumber="185" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tenuilinea">
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614E0468FBF3B313BFCC4F8FA" box="[627,777,1863,1889]" italics="true" pageId="184" pageNumber="185">M. tenuilinea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has the basal pair of black maculae distinctly triangular in form, less oblique and irregular than in
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF714E0468FBF1F3117FD14F81E" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1798" box="[599,729,1899,1925]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Micraspis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="184" pageNumber="185" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="discolor">
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614E0468FBF1F3117FD14F81E" box="[599,729,1899,1925]" italics="true" pageId="184" pageNumber="185">M. discolor</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, with two circular discal black spots located above (
<figureCitation id="1355ECF114E0468FB8623117FF65F832" captionStart="FIGURE 132" captionStartId="186.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[211,1377,188,1911]" captionTargetId="figure-20@186.[203,1385,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId="186" captionText="FIGURE 132. Micraspis tenuilinea (Walker): ac. adult, dorsal view; d. adult, frontal view; e. adult, lateral view; f. adult, ventral view; g. prosternal process; h. abdominal postcoxal line; i. spermatheca; jm. male genitalia: j. tegmen, lateral view; k. tegmen, ventral view; l. penis; m. penis apex." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8261973" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8261973/files/figure.png" pageId="184" pageNumber="185">Fig. 132a, b</figureCitation>
). These pronotal spots may be often enlarged and coalesced or obsolete and sometimes only paler, reddish-brown markings are seen (
<figureCitation id="1355ECF114E0468FBC3B31CFFE2CF856" box="[371,481,1971,1997]" captionStart="FIGURE 132" captionStartId="186.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[211,1377,188,1911]" captionTargetId="figure-20@186.[203,1385,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId="186" captionText="FIGURE 132. Micraspis tenuilinea (Walker): ac. adult, dorsal view; d. adult, frontal view; e. adult, lateral view; f. adult, ventral view; g. prosternal process; h. abdominal postcoxal line; i. spermatheca; jm. male genitalia: j. tegmen, lateral view; k. tegmen, ventral view; l. penis; m. penis apex." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8261973" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8261973/files/figure.png" pageId="184" pageNumber="185">Fig. 132c</figureCitation>
), even so, the range of colour patterns in
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF714E0468FBEEF31CFFBF4F856" box="[935,1081,1971,1997]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Micraspis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="184" pageNumber="185" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tenuilinea">
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614E0468FBEEF31CFFBF4F856" box="[935,1081,1971,1997]" italics="true" pageId="184" pageNumber="185">M. tenuilinea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is still noticeably different from that of
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF714E0468FBDAC31ABFEACF86A" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1798" box="[228,353,2007,2033]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Micraspis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="184" pageNumber="185" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="discolor">
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614E0468FBDAC31ABFEACF86A" box="[228,353,2007,2033]" italics="true" pageId="184" pageNumber="185">M. discolor</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The sutural black stripe is usually wider and more prominent in
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF714E0468FB96231ABFB71F86A" box="[1066,1212,2007,2033]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Micraspis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="184" pageNumber="185" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tenuilinea">
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614E0468FB96231ABFB71F86A" box="[1066,1212,2007,2033]" italics="true" pageId="184" pageNumber="185">M. tenuilinea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
than in
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614E0468FB85D31ABFA56F86B" box="[1301,1435,2007,2033]" italics="true" pageId="184" pageNumber="185">
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF714E0468FB85D31ABFA59F86A" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1798" box="[1301,1428,2007,2033]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Micraspis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="184" pageNumber="185" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="discolor">M. discolor</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
The male genitalia (
<figureCitation id="1355ECF114E4468BBC3336EBFDC5FF2A" box="[379,520,151,177]" captionStart="FIGURE 132" captionStartId="186.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[211,1377,188,1911]" captionTargetId="figure-20@186.[203,1385,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId="186" captionText="FIGURE 132. Micraspis tenuilinea (Walker): ac. adult, dorsal view; d. adult, frontal view; e. adult, lateral view; f. adult, ventral view; g. prosternal process; h. abdominal postcoxal line; i. spermatheca; jm. male genitalia: j. tegmen, lateral view; k. tegmen, ventral view; l. penis; m. penis apex." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8261973" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8261973/files/figure.png" pageId="188" pageNumber="189">Fig. 132jm</figureCitation>
) and female genitalia are different from those of
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF714E4468BB97136EBFB71FF2A" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1798" box="[1081,1212,151,177]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Micraspis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="188" pageNumber="189" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="discolor">
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614E4468BB97136EBFB71FF2A" box="[1081,1212,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="188" pageNumber="189">M. discolor</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as follows: apex of penis guide narrower in ventral view (
<figureCitation id="1355ECF114E4468BBF0936C7FD62FF4E" box="[577,687,187,213]" captionStart="FIGURE 132" captionStartId="186.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[211,1377,188,1911]" captionTargetId="figure-20@186.[203,1385,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId="186" captionText="FIGURE 132. Micraspis tenuilinea (Walker): ac. adult, dorsal view; d. adult, frontal view; e. adult, lateral view; f. adult, ventral view; g. prosternal process; h. abdominal postcoxal line; i. spermatheca; jm. male genitalia: j. tegmen, lateral view; k. tegmen, ventral view; l. penis; m. penis apex." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8261973" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8261973/files/figure.png" pageId="188" pageNumber="189">Fig. 132k</figureCitation>
) and laterally more strongly curved in lateral view (
<figureCitation id="1355ECF114E4468BB9BE36C7FA90FF4E" box="[1270,1373,187,213]" captionStart="FIGURE 132" captionStartId="186.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[211,1377,188,1911]" captionTargetId="figure-20@186.[203,1385,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId="186" captionText="FIGURE 132. Micraspis tenuilinea (Walker): ac. adult, dorsal view; d. adult, frontal view; e. adult, lateral view; f. adult, ventral view; g. prosternal process; h. abdominal postcoxal line; i. spermatheca; jm. male genitalia: j. tegmen, lateral view; k. tegmen, ventral view; l. penis; m. penis apex." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8261973" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8261973/files/figure.png" pageId="188" pageNumber="189">Fig. 132j</figureCitation>
) than in
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF714E4468BBDFE36A3FEF4FF62" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1798" box="[182,313,223,249]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Micraspis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="188" pageNumber="189" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="discolor">
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614E4468BBDFE36A3FEF4FF62" box="[182,313,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="188" pageNumber="189">M. discolor</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; spermatheca (
<figureCitation id="1355ECF114E4468BBCAE36A3FD82FF62" box="[486,591,223,249]" captionStart="FIGURE 132" captionStartId="186.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[211,1377,188,1911]" captionTargetId="figure-20@186.[203,1385,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId="186" captionText="FIGURE 132. Micraspis tenuilinea (Walker): ac. adult, dorsal view; d. adult, frontal view; e. adult, lateral view; f. adult, ventral view; g. prosternal process; h. abdominal postcoxal line; i. spermatheca; jm. male genitalia: j. tegmen, lateral view; k. tegmen, ventral view; l. penis; m. penis apex." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8261973" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8261973/files/figure.png" pageId="188" pageNumber="189">Fig. 132i</figureCitation>
) with poorly differentiated nodulus and ramus and a distinct but similarly shaped infundibulum.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF11A0FC14E1468EBDDF31EBFAA7F848" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8261971" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8261971" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8261971/files/figure.png" pageId="185" pageNumber="186" startId="185.[151,250,1943,1967]" targetBox="[211,1381,190,1911]" targetPageId="185" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BD1F07414E1468EBDDF31EBFAA7F848" blockId="185.[151,1436,1943,2004]" pageId="185" pageNumber="186">
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614E1468EBDDF31EBFEE6F834" bold="true" box="[151,299,1943,1967]" pageId="185" pageNumber="186">FIGURE 131.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF714E1468EBC6731E4FDF2F82B" authority="Poorani" authorityName="Poorani" box="[303,575,1944,1968]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Micraspis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="185" pageNumber="186" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pusillus">
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614E1468EBC6731E4FE25F82B" box="[303,488,1944,1968]" italics="true" pageId="185" pageNumber="186">Micraspis pusillus</emphasis>
Poorani
</taxonomicName>
: a. adult, dorsal view; b. adult, lateral view; c. adult, frontal view; d. head; e. abdominal postcoxal line; f. spermatheca; gj. male genitalia: g. tegmen, lateral view; h. tegmen, ventral view; i. penis; j. penis apex.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF11A0FC14E2468DBDDF31EBFDA9F86C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8261973" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8261973" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8261973/files/figure.png" pageId="186" pageNumber="187" startId="186.[151,250,1943,1967]" targetBox="[211,1377,188,1911]" targetPageId="186" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BD1F07414E2468DBDDF31EBFDA9F86C" blockId="186.[151,1437,1943,2040]" pageId="186" pageNumber="187">
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614E2468DBDDF31EBFEE2F834" bold="true" box="[151,303,1943,1967]" pageId="186" pageNumber="187">FIGURE 132.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF714E2468DBC7031E4FDBFF82B" authority="(Walker)" baseAuthorityName="Walker" box="[312,626,1944,1968]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Micraspis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="186" pageNumber="187" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tenuilinea">
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614E2468DBC7031E4FDC6F82B" box="[312,523,1944,1968]" italics="true" pageId="186" pageNumber="187">Micraspis tenuilinea</emphasis>
(Walker)
</taxonomicName>
: ac. adult, dorsal view; d. adult, frontal view; e. adult, lateral view; f. adult, ventral view; g. prosternal process; h. abdominal postcoxal line; i. spermatheca; jm. male genitalia: j. tegmen, lateral view; k. tegmen, ventral view; l. penis; m. penis apex.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF11A0FC14E3468CBDDF31E4FECFF84F" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8261977" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8261977" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8261977/files/figure.png" pageId="187" pageNumber="188" startId="187.[151,250,1944,1968]" targetBox="[190,1398,181,1920]" targetPageId="187" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BD1F07414E3468CBDDF31E4FECFF84F" blockId="187.[151,1437,1944,2004]" pageId="187" pageNumber="188">
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614E3468CBDDF31E4FEE1F82B" bold="true" box="[151,300,1944,1968]" pageId="187" pageNumber="188">FIGURE 133.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF714E3468CBC7A31E5FDA9F82B" authority="(Walker)" baseAuthorityName="Walker" box="[306,612,1944,1968]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Micraspis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="187" pageNumber="188" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tenuilinea">
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614E3468CBC7A31E5FDCFF82B" box="[306,514,1944,1968]" italics="true" pageId="187" pageNumber="188">Micraspis tenuilinea</emphasis>
(Walker)
</taxonomicName>
, life stages: a, eggs; bi. larva; j, k. pupa; l, m. adult; n.
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF714E3468CB9DC31E4FAF6F834" box="[1172,1339,1944,1968]" class="Insecta" family="Encyrtidae" genus="Homalotylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="187" pageNumber="188" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614E3468CB9DC31E4FAD8F82B" box="[1172,1301,1944,1968]" italics="true" pageId="187" pageNumber="188">Homalotylus</emphasis>
sp.
</taxonomicName>
, its larval parasitoid.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C374A3FF14E4468BBD8F375BFF35FEFE" pageId="188" pageNumber="189" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BD1F07414E4468BBD8F375BFF35FEFE" blockId="188.[151,1437,151,717]" pageId="188" pageNumber="189">
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614E4468BBD8F375BFE56FEDA" bold="true" box="[199,411,295,321]" pageId="188" pageNumber="189">Immature stages.</emphasis>
Life stages (
<figureCitation id="1355ECF114E4468BBF74375BFD1FFEDA" box="[572,722,295,321]" captionStart="FIGURE 133" captionStartId="187.[151,250,1944,1968]" captionTargetBox="[190,1398,181,1920]" captionTargetId="figure-15@187.[190,1398,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId="187" captionText="FIGURE 133. Micraspis tenuilinea (Walker), life stages: a, eggs; bi. larva; j, k. pupa; l, m. adult; n. Homalotylus sp., its larval parasitoid." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8261977" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8261977/files/figure.png" pageId="188" pageNumber="189">Fig. 133am</figureCitation>
) as illustrated, immature stages very similar to those of
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614E4468BB836375BFF35FEFE" italics="true" pageId="188" pageNumber="189">
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF714E4468BB836375BFF3EFEFE" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1798" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Micraspis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="188" pageNumber="189" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="discolor">M. discolor</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C374A3FF14E4468BBD8F3712FB3EFE12" box="[199,1267,366,393]" pageId="188" pageNumber="189" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BD1F07414E4468BBD8F3712FB3EFE12" blockId="188.[151,1437,151,717]" box="[199,1267,366,393]" pageId="188" pageNumber="189">
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614E4468BBD8F3712FEACFE13" bold="true" box="[199,353,366,392]" pageId="188" pageNumber="189">Distribution.</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="F379B0E414E4468BBC2F3713FE6CFE12" box="[359,417,367,393]" name="India" pageId="188" pageNumber="189">India</collectingCountry>
(
<collectingRegion id="49AA3E9614E4468BBCE73713FDA5FE12" box="[431,616,367,393]" country="India" name="Andhra Pradesh" pageId="188" pageNumber="189">Andhra Pradesh</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="49AA3E9614E4468BBF3B3713FD24FE12" box="[627,745,367,393]" country="India" name="Karnataka" pageId="188" pageNumber="189">Karnataka</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="49AA3E9614E4468BBFBC3713FC8CFE12" box="[756,833,367,393]" country="India" name="Kerala" pageId="188" pageNumber="189">Kerala</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="F379B0E414E4468BBE053713FC1AFE12" box="[845,983,367,393]" name="India" pageId="188" pageNumber="189">Pondicherry</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingRegion id="49AA3E9614E4468BBEA93713FBA6FE12" box="[993,1131,367,393]" country="India" name="Tamil Nadu" pageId="188" pageNumber="189">Tamil Nadu</collectingRegion>
);
<collectingCountry id="F379B0E414E4468BB9363713FB22FE12" box="[1150,1263,367,393]" name="Sri Lanka" pageId="188" pageNumber="189">Sri Lanka</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C374A3FF14E4468BBD8F37EFFB18FD82" pageId="188" pageNumber="189" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="8BD1F07414E4468BBD8F37EFFAD2FE6E" blockId="188.[151,1437,151,717]" pageId="188" pageNumber="189">
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614E4468BBD8F37EFFE38FE37" bold="true" box="[199,501,402,429]" pageId="188" pageNumber="189">Prey / associated habitat.</emphasis>
It is found in huge numbers during the panicle initiation or flowering stage of the rice crop in South
<collectingCountry id="F379B0E414E4468BBC2437CBFE6BFE4A" box="[364,422,439,465]" name="India" pageId="188" pageNumber="189">India</collectingCountry>
and it continues to be present even after harvest in the stubbles (unpublished data). Also collected on sugarcane at flowering stage and in association with aphid,
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF714E4468BBE8937A7FAD2FE6E" authority="Zehntner." authorityName="Zehntner." box="[961,1311,475,501]" class="Insecta" family="Aphididae" genus="Melanaphis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="188" pageNumber="189" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sacchari">
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614E4468BBE8937A7FB60FE6E" box="[961,1197,475,501]" italics="true" pageId="188" pageNumber="189">Melanaphis sacchari</emphasis>
Zehntner.
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD1F07414E4468BBD8F3783FB18FD82" blockId="188.[151,1437,151,717]" box="[199,1237,511,537]" pageId="188" pageNumber="189">
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614E4468BBD8F3783FEB2FD82" bold="true" box="[199,383,511,537]" pageId="188" pageNumber="189">Natural enemy.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF714E4468BBCCE3783FDF1FD82" box="[390,572,511,537]" class="Insecta" family="Encyrtidae" genus="Homalotylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="188" pageNumber="189" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614E4468BBCCE3783FDD8FD82" box="[390,533,511,537]" italics="true" pageId="188" pageNumber="189">Homalotylus</emphasis>
sp.
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="1355ECF114E4468BBF033783FD74FD82" box="[587,697,511,537]" captionStart="FIGURE 133" captionStartId="187.[151,250,1944,1968]" captionTargetBox="[190,1398,181,1920]" captionTargetId="figure-15@187.[190,1398,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId="187" captionText="FIGURE 133. Micraspis tenuilinea (Walker), life stages: a, eggs; bi. larva; j, k. pupa; l, m. adult; n. Homalotylus sp., its larval parasitoid." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8261977" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8261977/files/figure.png" pageId="188" pageNumber="189">Fig. 133n</figureCitation>
) is a common larval parasitoid of
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614E4468BB9703783FB18FD82" box="[1080,1237,511,537]" italics="true" pageId="188" pageNumber="189">
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF714E4468BB9703783FB1FFD82" box="[1080,1234,511,537]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Micraspis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="188" pageNumber="189" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tenuilinea">M. tenuilinea</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C374A3FF14E4468BBD8F345FFC6DFD56" pageId="188" pageNumber="189" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BD1F07414E4468BBD8F345FFC6DFD56" blockId="188.[151,1437,151,717]" pageId="188" pageNumber="189">
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614E4468BBD8F345FFEDCFDA6" bold="true" box="[199,273,547,573]" pageId="188" pageNumber="189">Notes.</emphasis>
In South
<collectingCountry id="F379B0E414E4468BBCCC345FFE0DFDA6" box="[388,448,547,573]" name="India" pageId="188" pageNumber="189">India</collectingCountry>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF714E4468BBC85345FFD7BFDA6" box="[461,694,547,573]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Micraspis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="188" pageNumber="189" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tenuilinea">
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614E4468BBC85345FFD7BFDA6" box="[461,694,547,573]" italics="true" pageId="188" pageNumber="189">Micraspis tenuilinea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is more common and numerically abundant than
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF714E4468BB9A7345FFABFFDA6" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1798" box="[1263,1394,547,573]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Micraspis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="188" pageNumber="189" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="discolor">
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614E4468BB9A7345FFABFFDA6" box="[1263,1394,547,573]" italics="true" pageId="188" pageNumber="189">M. discolor</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, its better known cousin. It significantly outnumbers
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF714E4468BBF87343BFC9DFDFA" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1798" box="[719,848,583,609]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Micraspis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="188" pageNumber="189" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="discolor">
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614E4468BBF87343BFC9DFDFA" box="[719,848,583,609]" italics="true" pageId="188" pageNumber="189">M. discolor</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in
<collectingRegion id="49AA3E9614E4468BBE3A343BFC3AFDFA" box="[882,1015,583,609]" country="India" name="Tamil Nadu" pageId="188" pageNumber="189">Tamil Nadu</collectingRegion>
conditions by a ratio of at least 7:1 or much greater. The voluminous literature available on the biology, hosts and behaviour of
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614E4468BB9D93417FAD0FD1E" box="[1169,1309,619,645]" italics="true" pageId="188" pageNumber="189">M. discolor</emphasis>
from
<collectingCountry id="F379B0E414E4468BB82B3417FA50FD1E" box="[1379,1437,619,645]" name="India" pageId="188" pageNumber="189">India</collectingCountry>
is certainly based on more than one species and most of the papers from southern
<collectingCountry id="F379B0E414E4468BB96F34F3FBACFD32" box="[1063,1121,655,681]" name="India" pageId="188" pageNumber="189">India</collectingCountry>
are likely to be based on
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF714E4468BB83634F3FECAFD56" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Micraspis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="188" pageNumber="189" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tenuilinea">
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614E4468BB83634F3FECAFD56" italics="true" pageId="188" pageNumber="189">M. tenuilinea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as it is more abundant by severalfold (
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF8D8514E4468BBFF134CFFC58FD56" author="Poorani, J. &amp; Booth, R. G. &amp; Anuradha, C. &amp; Gracy, R. G. &amp; Thanigairaj, R. &amp; Swathi, R. S." box="[697,917,691,717]" pageId="188" pageNumber="189" pagination="446 - 476" refId="ref119712" refString="Poorani, J., Booth, R. G., Anuradha, C., Gracy, R. G., Thanigairaj, R. &amp; Swathi, R. S. (2023) Identity of the ' true' Micraspis discolor (Fabricius) (Coleoptera, Coccinellidae) with illustrated diagnostic notes on other Micraspis spp. in Indian paddy fields. Zootaxa, 5271 (3), 446 - 476. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 5271.3.2" type="journal article" year="2023">
Poorani
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614E4468BBE5134CFFC9CFD56" box="[793,849,691,717]" italics="true" pageId="188" pageNumber="189">et al.</emphasis>
2023
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>