526 lines
61 KiB
XML
526 lines
61 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="D620CD8FE0EA1ACAAC7FFD9EF2E4A5A4">An illustrated guide to lady beetles (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) of the Indian Subcontinent. Part 1. Tribe Coccinellini</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="A22226B81AE2DDF71F86F71C82866A68">2023</mods:date>
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<treatment id="03C7416214D546A6BDDF323FFD6DFC3E" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8273791" ID-GBIF-Taxon="212450068" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8273791" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C7416214D546A6BDDF323FFD6DFC3E" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C7416214D546A6BDDF323FFD6DFC3E" lastPageId="145" lastPageNumber="146" pageId="141" pageNumber="142">
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<subSubSection id="C374A3FF14D546BABDDF323FFD9CFBC6" box="[151,593,1091,1118]" pageId="141" pageNumber="142" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BD1F07414D546BABDDF323FFD9CFBC6" blockId="141.[151,593,1091,1153]" box="[151,593,1091,1118]" pageId="141" pageNumber="142">
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<heading id="D099471814D546BABDDF323FFD9CFBC6" bold="true" box="[151,593,1091,1118]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="141" pageNumber="142" reason="4">
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<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF714D546BABDDF323FFD9CFBC6" authority="(Fabricius)" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1781" box="[151,593,1091,1118]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Harmonia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="141" pageNumber="142" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="octomaculata">
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<emphasis id="B91A2C6614D546BABDDF323FFD9CFBC6" bold="true" box="[151,593,1091,1118]" pageId="141" pageNumber="142">
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<emphasis id="B91A2C6614D546BABDDF323FFE72FBC5" bold="true" box="[151,447,1091,1118]" italics="true" pageId="141" pageNumber="142">Harmonia octomaculata</emphasis>
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(Fabricius)
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C374A3FF14D546BABDDF321BFEF8FB1A" box="[151,309,1127,1153]" pageId="141" pageNumber="142" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BD1F07414D546BABDDF321BFEF8FB1A" blockId="141.[151,593,1091,1153]" box="[151,309,1127,1153]" pageId="141" pageNumber="142">
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(
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<figureCitation id="1355ECF114D546BABDD7321BFEE0FB1A" box="[159,301,1127,1153]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 99" captionStart-1="FIGURE 100" captionStart-2="FIGURE 101" captionStartId-0="142.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionStartId-1="143.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionStartId-2="144.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox-0="[211,1373,185,1913]" captionTargetBox-1="[272,1316,184,1919]" captionTargetBox-2="[210,1377,181,1919]" captionTargetId-0="figure-20@142.[203,1385,181,1920]" captionTargetId-1="figure-15@143.[272,1316,181,1919]" captionTargetId-2="figure-20@144.[210,1377,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId-0="142" captionTargetPageId-1="143" captionTargetPageId-2="144" captionText-0="FIGURE 99. Harmonia octomaculata (Fabricius): a. adult, dorsal view; b. head; c. antenna; d. abdominal postcoxal line; e, f. spermatheca; g–i. male genitalia: g. tegmen, ventral view; h. penis; i. penis apex." captionText-1="FIGURE 100. Harmonia octomaculata (Fabricius): a–k. polymorphic forms." captionText-2="FIGURE 101. Harmonia octomaculata (Fabricius), life stages: a–d. larva; e, f. pupa; g–i. live adult, variants." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8261844" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8261848" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8261850" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/8261844/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/8261848/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/8261850/files/figure.png" pageId="141" pageNumber="142">Figs 99–101</figureCitation>
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)
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C374A3FF14D546BABDDF32D0FD1FFA22" pageId="141" pageNumber="142" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8BD1F07414D546BABDDF32D0FB6FFB5F" blockId="141.[151,1437,1196,1465]" box="[151,1186,1196,1220]" pageId="141" pageNumber="142">
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<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF714D546BABDDF32D0FD92FB5F" authority="Fabricius, 1781: 97" authorityName="Fabricius" authorityPageNumber="97" authorityYear="1781" box="[151,607,1196,1220]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Coccinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="141" pageNumber="142" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="octomaculata">
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||
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614D546BABDDF32D0FE58FB5F" box="[151,405,1196,1220]" italics="true" pageId="141" pageNumber="142">Coccinella octomaculata</emphasis>
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||
<materialsCitation id="3B06FA2914D546BABCD332D0FD92FB5F" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4399052382" box="[411,607,1196,1220]" collectionCode="BMNH" pageId="141" pageNumber="142" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="lectotype">Fabricius, 1781: 97</materialsCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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(
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<typeStatus id="54D54ED614D546BABF2532D0FD19FB5F" box="[621,724,1196,1220]" pageId="141" pageNumber="142" type="lectotype">Lectotype</typeStatus>
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female, BMNH; Type locality not specified).
|
||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="8BD1F07414D546BABDDF32B7FE44FA9A" blockId="141.[151,1437,1196,1465]" pageId="141" pageNumber="142">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB7ED75A14D546BABDDF32B7FE44FA9A" pageId="141" pageNumber="142">
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<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF714D546BABDDF32B7FD9FFB79" authority=": Mader 1932: 215" authorityName="Mader" authorityPageNumber="215" authorityYear="1932" box="[151,594,1226,1250]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Harmonia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="141" pageNumber="142" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="octomaculata">
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<emphasis id="B91A2C6614D546BABDDF32B7FE5CFB79" box="[151,401,1226,1250]" italics="true" pageId="141" pageNumber="142">Harmonia octomaculata</emphasis>
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||
: Mader 1932: 215
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
; Bielawski 1957: 93; 1964a: 5;
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF8D8514D546BABED132B6FBDEFB79" author="Sasaji, H." box="[921,1043,1226,1250]" pageId="141" pageNumber="142" refId="ref121158" refString="Sasaji, H. (1971) Fauna Japonica. Coccinellidae (Insecta: Coleoptera). Academic Press of Japan, Tokyo, 340 pp." type="book" year="1971">Sasaji 1971</bibRefCitation>
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||
; 280;
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||
<treatmentCitation id="0ACFD66514D546BAB91A32B7FB3BFB79" author="Pope, R. D." box="[1106,1270,1226,1250]" page="685" pageId="141" pageNumber="142" year="1989">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFFF8D8514D546BAB91A32B7FB3BFB79" author="Pope, R. D." box="[1106,1270,1226,1250]" pageId="141" pageNumber="142" pagination="633 - 735" refId="ref118886" refString="Pope, R. D. (1989) A revision of the Australian Coccinellidae (Coleoptera). Part I. Subfamily Coccinellinae. Invertebrate Taxonomy, 3, 633 - 735. https: // doi. org / 10.1071 / IT 9880633" type="journal article" year="1989">Pope 1989: 685</bibRefCitation>
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||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
;
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||
<treatmentCitation id="0ACFD66514D546BAB84932B6FF3DFA9A" author="Poorani, J." page="331" pageId="141" pageNumber="142" year="2002">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF8D8514D546BAB84932B6FF3DFA9A" author="Poorani, J." pageId="141" pageNumber="142" pagination="307 - 383" refId="ref118931" refString="Poorani, J. (2002 a) An annotated checklist of the Coccinellidae (excluding Epilachninae) of the Indian subregion. Oriental Insects, 36, 307 - 383. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00305316.2002.10417335" type="journal article" year="2002">Poorani 2002a: 331</bibRefCitation>
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||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0ACFD66514D546BABDB23295FE48FA9A" author="Yu, G." box="[250,389,1257,1281]" page="122" pageId="141" pageNumber="142" year="2010">
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF8D8514D546BABDB23295FE48FA9A" author="Yu, G." box="[250,389,1257,1281]" pageId="141" pageNumber="142" refId="ref124811" refString="Yu, G. (2010) Chinese Lady Beetles (The Subfamily Coccinellinae). China Scientific Press, Beijing, 180 pp. [in Chinese]" type="book" year="2010">Yu 2010: 122</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD1F07414D546BABDDF3374FDBDFA84" blockId="141.[151,1437,1196,1465]" box="[151,624,1287,1312]" pageId="141" pageNumber="142">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB7ED75A14D546BABDDF3374FDBDFA84" box="[151,624,1287,1312]" pageId="141" pageNumber="142">
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||
<treatmentCitation id="0ACFD66514D546BABDDF3374FDA1FA84" author="Kamiya, H." box="[151,620,1287,1312]" page="59" pageId="141" pageNumber="142" year="1965">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF714D546BABDDF3374FDA1FA84" authority=": Kamiya 1965 b: 59" authorityName="Kamiya" authorityPageNumber="59" authorityYear="1965" box="[151,620,1287,1312]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Ptychanatis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="141" pageNumber="142" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="octomaculata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614D546BABDDF3374FE52FABB" box="[151,415,1288,1312]" italics="true" pageId="141" pageNumber="142">Ptychanatis octomaculata</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF8D8514D546BABCE43374FDA1FA84" author="Kamiya, H." box="[428,620,1287,1312]" pageId="141" pageNumber="142" pagination="27 - 71" refId="ref114828" refString="Kamiya, H. (1965 b) A revision of the tribe Coccinellini of Japan and the Ryukyus (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae). Memoirs of the Faculty of Liberal Arts, Fukui University, Series II, Natural Sciences, 15, 27 - 71." type="journal article" year="1965">Kamiya 1965b: 59</bibRefCitation>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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.
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||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="8BD1F07414D546BABDDF335AFC38FAA5" blockId="141.[151,1437,1196,1465]" box="[151,1013,1318,1342]" pageId="141" pageNumber="142">
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||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB7ED75A14D546BABDDF335AFC38FAA5" box="[151,1013,1318,1342]" pageId="141" pageNumber="142">
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<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF714D546BABDDF335AFDEFFAA5" authority="Fabricius, 1787: 55" authorityName="Fabricius" authorityPageNumber="55" authorityYear="1787" box="[151,546,1318,1342]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Coccinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="141" pageNumber="142" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arcuata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614D546BABDDF335AFE94FAA5" box="[151,345,1318,1342]" italics="true" pageId="141" pageNumber="142">Coccinella arcuata</emphasis>
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||
Fabricius, 1787: 55
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.—Crotch 1874: 110;
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0ACFD66514D546BABE49335AFC3CFAA5" author="Korschefsky, R." box="[769,1009,1318,1342]" page="440" pageId="141" pageNumber="142" year="1932">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF8D8514D546BABE49335AFC3CFAA5" author="Korschefsky, R." box="[769,1009,1318,1342]" pageId="141" pageNumber="142" refId="ref116133" refString="Korschefsky, R. (1932) Coleopterorum Catalogus. Pars 120. Coccinellidae II. W. Junk, Berlin, 435 pp." type="book" year="1932">Korschefsky 1932: 440</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
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.
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD1F07414D546BABDDF3339FCDBFAC6" blockId="141.[151,1437,1196,1465]" box="[151,790,1349,1373]" pageId="141" pageNumber="142">
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||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB7ED75A14D546BABDDF3339FCDBFAC6" box="[151,790,1349,1373]" pageId="141" pageNumber="142">
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<treatmentCitation id="0ACFD66514D546BABDDF3339FCDFFAC6" author="Korschefsky, R." box="[151,786,1349,1373]" page="441" pageId="141" pageNumber="142" year="1932">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF714D546BABDDF3339FCDFFAC6" authority=": Korschefsky 1932: 441" authorityName="Korschefsky" authorityPageNumber="441" authorityYear="1932" box="[151,786,1349,1373]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Coccinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="141" pageNumber="142" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="variety" species="arcuata" variety="octomaculata">
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||
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614D546BABDDF3339FE94FAC6" box="[151,345,1349,1373]" italics="true" pageId="141" pageNumber="142">Coccinella arcuata</emphasis>
|
||
var.
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614D546BABCC33339FDD8FAC6" box="[395,533,1349,1373]" italics="true" pageId="141" pageNumber="142">octomaculata</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF8D8514D546BABF6A3339FCDFFAC6" author="Korschefsky, R." box="[546,786,1349,1373]" pageId="141" pageNumber="142" refId="ref116133" refString="Korschefsky, R. (1932) Coleopterorum Catalogus. Pars 120. Coccinellidae II. W. Junk, Berlin, 435 pp." type="book" year="1932">Korschefsky 1932: 441</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD1F07414D546BABDDF3318FD1BFAE7" blockId="141.[151,1437,1196,1465]" box="[151,726,1379,1404]" pageId="141" pageNumber="142">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB7ED75A14D546BABDDF3318FD1BFAE7" box="[151,726,1379,1404]" pageId="141" pageNumber="142">
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0ACFD66514D546BABDDF3318FD1FFAE7" author="Mulsant, E." box="[151,722,1379,1404]" page="80" pageId="141" pageNumber="142" year="1850">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF714D546BABDDF3318FD1FFAE7" authority=": Mulsant 1850: 80" authorityName="Mulsant" authorityPageNumber="80" authorityYear="1850" box="[151,722,1379,1404]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Harmonia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="141" pageNumber="142" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="variety" species="arcuata" variety="octomaculata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614D546BABDDF3318FE99FAE0" box="[151,340,1380,1403]" italics="true" pageId="141" pageNumber="142">Harmonia arcuata</emphasis>
|
||
var.
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614D546BABCCD3318FDC2FAE7" box="[389,527,1380,1404]" italics="true" pageId="141" pageNumber="142">octomaculata</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF8D8514D546BABF553318FD1FFAE7" author="Mulsant, E." box="[541,722,1379,1404]" pageId="141" pageNumber="142" pagination="1 - 1104" refId="ref117842" refString="Mulsant, E. (1850) Species des Coleopteres Trimeres Securipalpes. Annales des Sciences Physiques et Naturelles, d'Agriculture et d'Industrie, publiees par la Societe nationale d'Agriculture, etc., de Lyon, Deuxieme Serie, 2, 1 - 1104. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 8953" type="journal article" year="1850">Mulsant 1850: 80</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD1F07414D546BABDDF33FFFB2CFA01" blockId="141.[151,1437,1196,1465]" box="[151,1249,1410,1434]" pageId="141" pageNumber="142">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB7ED75A14D546BABDDF33FFFB2CFA01" box="[151,1249,1410,1434]" pageId="141" pageNumber="142">
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0ACFD66514D546BABDDF33FFFDEEFA01" author="Mulsant, E." box="[151,547,1410,1434]" page="177" pageId="141" pageNumber="142" year="1850">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF714D546BABDDF33FFFDEEFA01" authority=": Mulsant 1850: 177" authorityName="Mulsant" authorityPageNumber="177" authorityYear="1850" box="[151,547,1410,1434]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Harmonia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="141" pageNumber="142" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arcuata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614D546BABDDF33FFFE99FA01" box="[151,340,1411,1434]" italics="true" pageId="141" pageNumber="142">Harmonia arcuata</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF8D8514D546BABC2933FEFDEEFA01" author="Mulsant, E." box="[353,547,1410,1434]" pageId="141" pageNumber="142" pagination="1 - 1104" refId="ref117842" refString="Mulsant, E. (1850) Species des Coleopteres Trimeres Securipalpes. Annales des Sciences Physiques et Naturelles, d'Agriculture et d'Industrie, publiees par la Societe nationale d'Agriculture, etc., de Lyon, Deuxieme Serie, 2, 1 - 1104. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 8953" type="journal article" year="1850">Mulsant 1850: 177</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0ACFD66514D546BABF6633FEFD47FA01" author="Mulsant, E." box="[558,650,1410,1434]" page="59" pageId="141" pageNumber="142" year="1866">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF8D8514D546BABF6633FEFD47FA01" author="Mulsant, E." box="[558,650,1410,1434]" pageId="141" pageNumber="142" refId="ref117962" refString="Mulsant, E. (1866) Monographie des Coccinellides. 1 re Partie Coccinelliens. Savy et Deyrolle, Paris, 294 pp." type="book" year="1866">1866: 59</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
; Crotch 1871: 3;
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0ACFD66514D546BABE7133FEFBDDFA01" author="Timberlake, P. H." box="[825,1040,1410,1434]" page="18" pageId="141" pageNumber="142" year="1943">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF8D8514D546BABE7133FEFBDDFA01" author="Timberlake, P. H." box="[825,1040,1410,1434]" pageId="141" pageNumber="142" pagination="1 - 67" refId="ref123429" refString="Timberlake, P. H. (1943) The Coccinellidae or lady beetles of the Koebele collection - Part I. Hawaiian Planters' Record, 47, 1 - 67." type="journal article" year="1943">Timberlake 1943: 18</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0ACFD66514D546BAB95233FEFB11FA01" author="Miyatake, M." box="[1050,1244,1410,1434]" page="60" pageId="141" pageNumber="142" year="1965">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF8D8514D546BAB95233FEFB11FA01" author="Miyatake, M." box="[1050,1244,1410,1434]" pageId="141" pageNumber="142" pagination="50 - 74" refId="ref117611" refString="Miyatake, M. (1965) Some Coccinellidae (excluding Scymnini) of Formosa (Coleoptera). Special Bulletin of the Lepidopterists' Society of Japan, 1, 50 - 74." type="journal article" year="1965">Miyatake 1965: 60</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD1F07414D546BABDDF33DEFD1FFA22" blockId="141.[151,1437,1196,1465]" box="[151,722,1441,1465]" pageId="141" pageNumber="142">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF714D546BABDDF33DEFD03FA22" authority=": Mader 1932: 217" authorityName="Mader" authorityPageNumber="217" authorityYear="1932" box="[151,718,1441,1465]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Harmonia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="141" pageNumber="142" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="variety" species="octomaculata" variety="arcuata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614D546BABDDF33DEFE5DFA22" box="[151,400,1441,1465]" italics="true" pageId="141" pageNumber="142">Harmonia octomaculata</emphasis>
|
||
var.
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614D546BABC8A33DEFDDDFA22" box="[450,528,1442,1465]" italics="true" pageId="141" pageNumber="142">arcuata</emphasis>
|
||
: Mader 1932: 217
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C374A3FF14D546BABDDF339BFCBCF8BA" pageId="141" pageNumber="142" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD1F07414D546BABDDF339BFCBCF8BA" blockId="141.[151,1437,1511,1898]" pageId="141" pageNumber="142">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614D546BABDDF339BFEDFF99A" bold="true" box="[151,274,1511,1537]" pageId="141" pageNumber="142">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
|
||
Length:
|
||
<quantity id="4C965D9114D546BABC3B339BFDDAF999" box="[371,535,1511,1538]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.05" metricValueMax="7.5" metricValueMin="4.6" pageId="141" pageNumber="142" unit="mm" value="6.05" valueMax="7.5" valueMin="4.6">4.60–7.50 mm</quantity>
|
||
; width:
|
||
<quantity id="4C965D9114D546BABF26339BFCDFF999" box="[622,786,1511,1538]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" metricValueMax="5.5" metricValueMin="3.5" pageId="141" pageNumber="142" unit="mm" value="4.5" valueMax="5.5" valueMin="3.5">3.50–5.50 mm</quantity>
|
||
. Form (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1355ECF114D546BABE2D339BFC0CF99A" box="[869,961,1511,1537]" captionStart="FIGURE 99" captionStartId="142.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[211,1373,185,1913]" captionTargetId="figure-20@142.[203,1385,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId="142" captionText="FIGURE 99. Harmonia octomaculata (Fabricius): a. adult, dorsal view; b. head; c. antenna; d. abdominal postcoxal line; e, f. spermatheca; g–i. male genitalia: g. tegmen, ventral view; h. penis; i. penis apex." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8261844" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8261844/files/figure.png" pageId="141" pageNumber="142">Fig. 99a</figureCitation>
|
||
) elongate oval, dorsum moderately convex and glabrous. Ground colour orange yellow or red with black markings on head, pronotum and elytra, colour pattern highly variable with various degrees of fusion or reduction of the pronotal and elytral maculae (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1355ECF114D546BAB9FB3053FAD9F9D2" box="[1203,1300,1583,1609]" captionStart="FIGURE 100" captionStartId="143.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[272,1316,184,1919]" captionTargetId="figure-15@143.[272,1316,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="143" captionText="FIGURE 100. Harmonia octomaculata (Fabricius): a–k. polymorphic forms." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8261848" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8261848/files/figure.png" pageId="141" pageNumber="142">Fig. 100</figureCitation>
|
||
). Head (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1355ECF114D546BAB8273053FF0FF9F6" captionStart="FIGURE 99" captionStartId="142.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[211,1373,185,1913]" captionTargetId="figure-20@142.[203,1385,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId="142" captionText="FIGURE 99. Harmonia octomaculata (Fabricius): a. adult, dorsal view; b. head; c. antenna; d. abdominal postcoxal line; e, f. spermatheca; g–i. male genitalia: g. tegmen, ventral view; h. penis; i. penis apex." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8261844" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8261844/files/figure.png" pageId="141" pageNumber="142">Fig. 99b</figureCitation>
|
||
) with a pair of black maculae posteriorly. Antenna (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1355ECF114D546BABE5A302FFCBCF9F6" box="[786,881,1619,1645]" captionStart="FIGURE 99" captionStartId="142.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[211,1373,185,1913]" captionTargetId="figure-20@142.[203,1385,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId="142" captionText="FIGURE 99. Harmonia octomaculata (Fabricius): a. adult, dorsal view; b. head; c. antenna; d. abdominal postcoxal line; e, f. spermatheca; g–i. male genitalia: g. tegmen, ventral view; h. penis; i. penis apex." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8261844" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8261844/files/figure.png" pageId="141" pageNumber="142">Fig. 99c</figureCitation>
|
||
) longer than frons with a compact club, terminal antennomere strongly transverse. Elytra with external margins narrow forming a distinct gutter along the humeral angle. Abdominal postcoxal line (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1355ECF114D546BABF5F30E7FDBAF92E" box="[535,631,1691,1717]" captionStart="FIGURE 99" captionStartId="142.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[211,1373,185,1913]" captionTargetId="figure-20@142.[203,1385,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId="142" captionText="FIGURE 99. Harmonia octomaculata (Fabricius): a. adult, dorsal view; b. head; c. antenna; d. abdominal postcoxal line; e, f. spermatheca; g–i. male genitalia: g. tegmen, ventral view; h. penis; i. penis apex." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8261844" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8261844/files/figure.png" pageId="141" pageNumber="142">Fig. 99d</figureCitation>
|
||
) incomplete, short and connected with a curved associated line. Males with posterior margin of ventrite 5 and 6 truncate and shallowly emarginate, respectively. Females with posterior margin of ventrite 5 medially produced and arcuate, ventrite 6 with a median raised area, posteriorly curved. Male genitalia (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1355ECF114D546BABC4F317BFEB1F8BA" box="[263,380,1799,1825]" captionStart="FIGURE 99" captionStartId="142.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[211,1373,185,1913]" captionTargetId="figure-20@142.[203,1385,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId="142" captionText="FIGURE 99. Harmonia octomaculata (Fabricius): a. adult, dorsal view; b. head; c. antenna; d. abdominal postcoxal line; e, f. spermatheca; g–i. male genitalia: g. tegmen, ventral view; h. penis; i. penis apex." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8261844" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8261844/files/figure.png" pageId="141" pageNumber="142">
|
||
Fig.
|
||
<quantity id="4C965D9114D546BABC73317BFEABF8BA" box="[315,358,1799,1825]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="9.9" pageId="141" pageNumber="142" unit="g" value="99.0">99g</quantity>
|
||
–i
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
) and spermatheca (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1355ECF114D546BABF1E317BFD01F8BA" box="[598,716,1799,1825]" captionStart="FIGURE 99" captionStartId="142.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[211,1373,185,1913]" captionTargetId="figure-20@142.[203,1385,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId="142" captionText="FIGURE 99. Harmonia octomaculata (Fabricius): a. adult, dorsal view; b. head; c. antenna; d. abdominal postcoxal line; e, f. spermatheca; g–i. male genitalia: g. tegmen, ventral view; h. penis; i. penis apex." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8261844" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8261844/files/figure.png" pageId="141" pageNumber="142">Fig. 99e, f</figureCitation>
|
||
) as illustrated.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C374A3FF14D546BABD8F3157FD3AF8F2" pageId="141" pageNumber="142" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD1F07414D546BABD8F3157FD3AF8F2" blockId="141.[151,1437,1511,1898]" pageId="141" pageNumber="142">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614D546BABD8F3157FE58F8DE" bold="true" box="[199,405,1835,1861]" pageId="141" pageNumber="142">Immature stages.</emphasis>
|
||
Larva black with yellow or orange spots on abdominal segments 1 and 4 (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1355ECF114D546BAB9813157FA9EF8DE" box="[1225,1363,1835,1861]" captionStart="FIGURE 101" captionStartId="144.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[210,1377,181,1919]" captionTargetId="figure-20@144.[210,1377,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="144" captionText="FIGURE 101. Harmonia octomaculata (Fabricius), life stages: a–d. larva; e, f. pupa; g–i. live adult, variants." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8261850" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8261850/files/figure.png" pageId="141" pageNumber="142">Fig. 101a–d</figureCitation>
|
||
), pupa orange or yellow with black maculation (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1355ECF114D546BABF2C3133FD27F8F2" box="[612,746,1871,1897]" captionStart="FIGURE 101" captionStartId="144.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[210,1377,181,1919]" captionTargetId="figure-20@144.[210,1377,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="144" captionText="FIGURE 101. Harmonia octomaculata (Fabricius), life stages: a–d. larva; e, f. pupa; g–i. live adult, variants." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8261850" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8261850/files/figure.png" pageId="141" pageNumber="142">Fig. 101e, f</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="DF11A0FC14D646B9BDDF31EBFC06F848" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8261844" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8261844" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8261844/files/figure.png" pageId="142" pageNumber="143" startId="142.[151,250,1943,1967]" targetBox="[211,1373,185,1913]" targetPageId="142" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD1F07414D646B9BDDF31EBFC06F848" blockId="142.[151,1437,1943,2004]" pageId="142" pageNumber="143">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614D646B9BDDF31EBFEEDF834" bold="true" box="[151,288,1943,1967]" pageId="142" pageNumber="143">FIGURE 99.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF714D646B9BC6F31E4FD57F82B" authority="(Fabricius)" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1781" box="[295,666,1944,1968]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Harmonia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="142" pageNumber="143" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="octomaculata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614D646B9BC6F31E4FDEDF82B" box="[295,544,1944,1968]" italics="true" pageId="142" pageNumber="143">Harmonia octomaculata</emphasis>
|
||
(Fabricius)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: a. adult, dorsal view; b. head; c. antenna; d. abdominal postcoxal line; e, f. spermatheca; g–i. male genitalia: g. tegmen, ventral view; h. penis; i. penis apex.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF11A0FC14D746B8BDDF31EBFC64F834" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8261848" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8261848" box="[151,937,1943,1967]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8261848/files/figure.png" pageId="143" pageNumber="144" startId="143.[151,250,1943,1967]" targetBox="[272,1316,184,1919]" targetPageId="143" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD1F07414D746B8BDDF31EBFC64F834" blockId="143.[151,937,1943,1967]" box="[151,937,1943,1967]" pageId="143" pageNumber="144">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614D746B8BDDF31EBFEE0F834" bold="true" box="[151,301,1943,1967]" pageId="143" pageNumber="144">FIGURE 100.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF714D746B8BC7B31E4FD69F834" authority="(Fabricius)" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1781" box="[307,676,1943,1967]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Harmonia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="143" pageNumber="144" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="octomaculata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614D746B8BC7B31E4FDE6F834" box="[307,555,1943,1967]" italics="true" pageId="143" pageNumber="144">Harmonia octomaculata</emphasis>
|
||
(Fabricius)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: a–k. polymorphic forms.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF11A0FC14C846A7BDDF31EBFB23F834" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8261850" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8261850" box="[151,1262,1943,1968]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8261850/files/figure.png" pageId="144" pageNumber="145" startId="144.[151,250,1943,1967]" targetBox="[210,1377,181,1919]" targetPageId="144" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD1F07414C846A7BDDF31EBFB23F834" blockId="144.[151,1262,1943,1968]" box="[151,1262,1943,1968]" pageId="144" pageNumber="145">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614C846A7BDDF31EBFEE0F834" bold="true" box="[151,301,1943,1967]" pageId="144" pageNumber="145">FIGURE 101.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF714C846A7BC7B31E4FD6EF834" authority="(Fabricius)" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1781" box="[307,675,1943,1967]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Harmonia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="144" pageNumber="145" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="octomaculata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614C846A7BC7B31E4FDE6F834" box="[307,555,1943,1967]" italics="true" pageId="144" pageNumber="145">Harmonia octomaculata</emphasis>
|
||
(Fabricius)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, life stages: a–d. larva; e, f. pupa; g–i. live adult, variants.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C374A3FF14C946A6BD8F36EAFD23FD82" pageId="145" pageNumber="146" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD1F07414C946A6BD8F36EAFABBFE36" blockId="145.[151,1437,150,933]" pageId="145" pageNumber="146">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614C946A6BD8F36EAFDA7FF2B" bold="true" box="[199,618,150,176]" pageId="145" pageNumber="146">
|
||
Prey/associated habitat.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF714C946A6BCBA36EAFDA7FF2B" box="[498,618,150,176]" class="Insecta" family="Adelgidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="145" pageNumber="146" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Adelgidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
: Indeterminate adelgids on silver fir.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF714C946A6B96C36EBFB50FF2A" box="[1060,1181,151,177]" class="Insecta" family="Aphididae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="145" pageNumber="146" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Aphididae</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF714C946A6B9E336EBFF3EFF4E" authority="(Harris)" baseAuthorityName="Harris" class="Insecta" family="Aphididae" genus="Acyrthosiphon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="145" pageNumber="146" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pisum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614C946A6B9E336EBFA51FF2B" box="[1195,1436,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="145" pageNumber="146">Acyrthosiphon pisum</emphasis>
|
||
(Harris)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF714C946A6BDB636C7FD12FF4E" authority="Basu & Hille Ris Lambers" authorityName="Basu & Hille Ris Lambers" authorityYear="1968" box="[254,735,187,213]" class="Insecta" family="Aphididae" genus="Aiceona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="145" pageNumber="146" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="litseae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614C946A6BDB636C7FE67FF4E" box="[254,426,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="145" pageNumber="146">Aiceona litseae</emphasis>
|
||
Basu & Hille Ris Lambers
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF714C946A6BFA236C7FC3DFF4E" authority="Koch" authorityName="Koch" box="[746,1008,187,213]" class="Insecta" family="Aphididae" genus="Aphis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="145" pageNumber="146" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="craccivora">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614C946A6BFA236C7FC67FF4F" box="[746,938,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="145" pageNumber="146">Aphis craccivora</emphasis>
|
||
Koch
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF714C946A6BEB436C7FB3BFF4E" authority="Glover" authorityName="Glover" box="[1020,1270,187,213]" class="Insecta" family="Aphididae" genus="Aphis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="145" pageNumber="146" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gossypii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614C946A6BEB436C7FB52FF4F" box="[1020,1183,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="145" pageNumber="146">Aphis gossypii</emphasis>
|
||
Glover
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF714C946A6B84936C7FECCFF62" authority="Linnaeus" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" class="Insecta" family="Aphididae" genus="Aphis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="145" pageNumber="146" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rumicis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614C946A6B84936C7FA51FF4F" box="[1281,1436,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="145" pageNumber="146">Aphis rumicis</emphasis>
|
||
Linnaeus
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF714C946A6BC4636A3FD49FF62" authority="Zehntner" authorityName="Zehntner" authorityYear="1897" box="[270,644,223,249]" class="Insecta" family="Aphididae" genus="Ceratovacuna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="145" pageNumber="146" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lanigera">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614C946A6BC4636A3FDD9FF62" box="[270,532,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="145" pageNumber="146">Ceratovacuna lanigera</emphasis>
|
||
Zehntner
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF714C946A6BFD936A3FC07FF62" authority="(Zehntner)" baseAuthorityName="Zehntner" baseAuthorityYear="1897" box="[657,970,223,249]" class="Insecta" family="Aphididae" genus="Geoica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="145" pageNumber="146" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lucifuga">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614C946A6BFD936A3FC8AFF62" box="[657,839,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="145" pageNumber="146">Geoica lucifuga</emphasis>
|
||
(Zehntner)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF714C946A6BE9F36A3FA85FF62" authority="(Zehntner)" authorityName="" baseAuthorityName="Zehntner" baseAuthorityYear="1897" box="[983,1352,223,249]" class="Insecta" family="Aphididae" genus="Melanaphis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="145" pageNumber="146" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sacchari">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614C946A6BE9F36A3FB09FF62" box="[983,1220,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="145" pageNumber="146">Melanaphis sacchari</emphasis>
|
||
(Zehntner)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF714C946A6B81D36A3FE5DFE86" authority="Blackman" authorityName="Blackman" authorityYear="1987" class="Insecta" family="Aphididae" genus="Myzus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="145" pageNumber="146" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nicotianae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614C946A6B81D36A3FEC0FE87" italics="true" pageId="145" pageNumber="146">Myzus nicotianae</emphasis>
|
||
Blackman
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF714C946A6BCEA377FFD0FFE86" authority="(Sulzer)" baseAuthorityName="Sulzer" baseAuthorityYear="1776" box="[418,706,259,285]" class="Insecta" family="Aphididae" genus="Myzus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="145" pageNumber="146" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="persicae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614C946A6BCEA377FFD9AFE87" box="[418,599,259,284]" italics="true" pageId="145" pageNumber="146">Myzus persicae</emphasis>
|
||
(Sulzer)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF714C946A6BF9D377FFBF6FE86" authority="(Fitch)" baseAuthorityName="Fitch" baseAuthorityYear="1856" box="[725,1083,259,285]" class="Insecta" family="Aphididae" genus="Rhopalosiphum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="145" pageNumber="146" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maidis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614C946A6BF9D377FFC13FE86" box="[725,990,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="145" pageNumber="146">Rhopalosiphum maidis</emphasis>
|
||
(Fitch)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF714C946A6B905377FFA50FE86" authority="Ghosh." authorityName="Ghosh." box="[1101,1437,259,285]" class="Insecta" family="Aphididae" genus="Tuberculatus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="145" pageNumber="146" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="indicus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614C946A6B905377FFAF3FE86" box="[1101,1342,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="145" pageNumber="146">Tuberculatus indicus</emphasis>
|
||
Ghosh.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF714C946A6BDDF375BFEEAFEDA" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1825" box="[151,295,295,321]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="145" pageNumber="146" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Cicadellidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF714C946A6BC79375BFDB2FEDA" authority="(Datta)" baseAuthorityName="Datta" baseAuthorityYear="1969" box="[305,639,295,321]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" genus="Empoascanara" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="145" pageNumber="146" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="indica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614C946A6BC79375BFDEAFEDA" box="[305,551,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="145" pageNumber="146">Empoascanara indica</emphasis>
|
||
(Datta)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF714C946A6BFC1375BFC1BFEDA" authority="(Stal)" baseAuthorityName="Stal" baseAuthorityYear="1870" box="[649,982,294,321]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" genus="Nephotettix" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="145" pageNumber="146" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigropictus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614C946A6BFC1375BFC42FEDB" box="[649,911,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="145" pageNumber="146">Nephotettix nigropictus</emphasis>
|
||
(Stål)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF714C946A6BEA8375BFBBDFEDA" baseAuthorityName="Leach" baseAuthorityYear="1815" box="[992,1136,295,321]" class="Insecta" family="Delphacidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="145" pageNumber="146" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Delphacidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF714C946A6B932375BFA5AFEDA" authority="(Stal)" baseAuthorityName="Stal" baseAuthorityYear="1854" box="[1146,1431,294,321]" class="Insecta" family="Delphacidae" genus="Nilaparvata" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="145" pageNumber="146" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lugens">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614C946A6B932375BFA9CFEDA" box="[1146,1361,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="145" pageNumber="146">Nilaparvata lugens</emphasis>
|
||
(Stål)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF714C946A6BDDF3737FDE3FEFE" authority="Kirkaldy" authorityName="Kirkaldy" authorityYear="1903" box="[151,558,331,357]" class="Insecta" family="Delphacidae" genus="Perkinsiella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="145" pageNumber="146" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="saccharicida">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614C946A6BDDF3737FE71FEFE" box="[151,444,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="145" pageNumber="146">Perkinsiella saccharicida</emphasis>
|
||
Kirkaldy
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF714C946A6BF773737FC58FEFE" authority="(Horvath)" baseAuthorityName="Horvath" baseAuthorityYear="1899" box="[575,917,331,357]" class="Insecta" family="Delphacidae" genus="Sogatella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="145" pageNumber="146" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="furcifera">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614C946A6BF773737FCDBFEFE" box="[575,790,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="145" pageNumber="146">Sogatella furcifera</emphasis>
|
||
(Horvath)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF714C946A6BEED3737FB91FEFE" box="[933,1116,331,357]" class="Insecta" family="Pseudococcidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="145" pageNumber="146" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Pseudococcidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF714C946A6B9253737FA54FEFE" authority="(Risso)" baseAuthorityName="Risso" baseAuthorityYear="1813" box="[1133,1433,331,357]" class="Insecta" family="Pseudococcidae" genus="Planococcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="145" pageNumber="146" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="citri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614C946A6B9253737FAF5FEFF" box="[1133,1336,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="145" pageNumber="146">Planococcus citri</emphasis>
|
||
(Risso)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF714C946A6BDDF3713FEEEFE12" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[151,291,367,393]" class="Insecta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="145" pageNumber="146" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Lepidoptera</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF714C946A6BC7C3713FE6FFE12" box="[308,418,367,393]" class="Insecta" family="Pyralidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="145" pageNumber="146" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Pyralidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF714C946A6BCFB3713FC94FE12" authority="(Guenee)" baseAuthorityName="Guenee" baseAuthorityYear="1854" box="[435,857,367,393]" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Cnaphalocrocis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="145" pageNumber="146" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="medinalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614C946A6BCFB3713FD2DFE12" box="[435,736,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="145" pageNumber="146">Cnaphalocrocis medinalis</emphasis>
|
||
(Guenée)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF714C946A6BE233713FB63FE12" authority="Bradley" authorityName="Bradley" box="[875,1198,367,393]" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Marasmia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="145" pageNumber="146" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="patnalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614C946A6BE233713FB8BFE12" box="[875,1094,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="145" pageNumber="146">Marasmia patnalis</emphasis>
|
||
Bradley
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF714C946A6B9F73713FECFFE36" authority="(Guenee)" baseAuthorityName="Guenee" baseAuthorityYear="1854" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Ostrinia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="145" pageNumber="146" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="furnacalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614C946A6B9F73713FA50FE12" box="[1215,1437,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="145" pageNumber="146">Ostrinia furnacalis</emphasis>
|
||
(Guenée)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF714C946A6BC7537EFFD7CFE36" authority="(Walker)" baseAuthorityName="Walker" box="[317,689,403,429]" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Scirpophaga" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="145" pageNumber="146" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="incertulas">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614C946A6BC7537EFFD8EFE36" box="[317,579,403,429]" italics="true" pageId="145" pageNumber="146">Scirpophaga incertulas</emphasis>
|
||
(Walker)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF714C946A6BFF337EFFC95FE36" authorityName="Haliday" authorityYear="1836" box="[699,856,403,429]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="145" pageNumber="146" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Thysanoptera</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF714C946A6BE2A37EFFC1EFE36" authorityName="Stephens" authorityYear="1829" box="[866,979,403,429]" class="Insecta" family="Thripidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="145" pageNumber="146" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Thripidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF714C946A6BE9537EFFABFFE36" authority="(Bagnall)" baseAuthorityName="Bagnall" baseAuthorityYear="1913" box="[989,1394,403,429]" class="Insecta" family="Thripidae" genus="Stenchaetothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="145" pageNumber="146" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="biformis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614C946A6BE9537EFFB33FE36" box="[989,1278,403,429]" italics="true" pageId="145" pageNumber="146">Stenchaetothrips biformis</emphasis>
|
||
(Bagnall)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD1F07414C946A6BD8F37CBFD23FD82" blockId="145.[151,1437,150,933]" pageId="145" pageNumber="146">
|
||
One of the most common coccinellids in rice ecosystem; also collected on cowpea, maize, sorghum, finger millet, sugarcane, melon, cabbage, cauliflower, pigeonpea, tobacco,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF714C946A6BED037A7FBACFE6E" box="[920,1121,475,501]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Cassia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="145" pageNumber="146" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="auriculata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614C946A6BED037A7FBACFE6E" box="[920,1121,475,501]" italics="true" pageId="145" pageNumber="146">Cassia auriculata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF714C946A6B92737A7FAA8FE6F" box="[1135,1381,475,501]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Crotolaria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="145" pageNumber="146" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="mucronata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614C946A6B92737A7FAA8FE6F" box="[1135,1381,475,501]" italics="true" pageId="145" pageNumber="146">Crotolaria mucronata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF714C946A6BDDF3783FE80FD83" box="[151,333,511,537]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="145" pageNumber="146" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="serrata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614C946A6BDDF3783FE80FD83" box="[151,333,511,537]" italics="true" pageId="145" pageNumber="146">Quercus serrata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Attracted to light (Ghorpade, 1979).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C374A3FF14C946A6BD8F345EFCFCFD32" pageId="145" pageNumber="146" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD1F07414C946A6BD8F345EFCFCFD32" blockId="145.[151,1437,150,933]" pageId="145" pageNumber="146">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614C946A6BD8F345EFEACFDA7" bold="true" box="[199,353,546,572]" pageId="145" pageNumber="146">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F379B0E414C946A6BC2E345FFE69FDA6" box="[358,420,547,573]" name="India" pageId="145" pageNumber="146">India</collectingCountry>
|
||
: Very common in peninsular and northeastern regions (
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49AA3E9614C946A6B94B345FFB77FDA6" box="[1027,1210,547,573]" country="India" name="Andhra Pradesh" pageId="145" pageNumber="146">Andhra Pradesh</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49AA3E9614C946A6B98A345FFA54FDA6" box="[1218,1433,547,573]" country="India" name="Arunachal Pradesh" pageId="145" pageNumber="146">Arunachal Pradesh</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49AA3E9614C946A6BDDF343BFF2BFDFA" box="[151,230,583,609]" country="India" name="Assam" pageId="145" pageNumber="146">Assam</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49AA3E9614C946A6BDB9343BFEFCFDFA" box="[241,305,583,609]" country="India" name="Bihar" pageId="145" pageNumber="146">Bihar</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49AA3E9614C946A6BC73343BFE7CFDFA" box="[315,433,583,609]" country="India" name="Karnataka" pageId="145" pageNumber="146">Karnataka</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49AA3E9614C946A6BCF4343BFDC4FDFA" box="[444,521,583,609]" country="India" name="Kerala" pageId="145" pageNumber="146">Kerala</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49AA3E9614C946A6BF5C343BFDBBFDFA" box="[532,630,583,609]" country="India" name="Manipur" pageId="145" pageNumber="146">Manipur</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49AA3E9614C946A6BFC9343BFCCDFDFA" box="[641,768,583,609]" country="India" name="Meghalaya" pageId="145" pageNumber="146">Meghalaya</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49AA3E9614C946A6BE43343BFCB8FDFA" box="[779,885,583,609]" country="India" name="Mizoram" pageId="145" pageNumber="146">Mizoram</collectingRegion>
|
||
, Punjab,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49AA3E9614C946A6BE91343BFBADFDFA" box="[985,1120,583,609]" country="India" name="Tamil Nadu" pageId="145" pageNumber="146">Tamil Nadu</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49AA3E9614C946A6B922343BFB0DFDFA" box="[1130,1216,583,609]" country="India" name="Tripura" pageId="145" pageNumber="146">Tripura</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49AA3E9614C946A6B983343BFA95FDFA" box="[1227,1368,583,609]" country="India" name="Uttarakhand" pageId="145" pageNumber="146">Uttarakhand</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49AA3E9614C946A6B82B343BFF38FD1E" country="India" name="Uttar Pradesh" pageId="145" pageNumber="146">Uttar Pradesh</collectingRegion>
|
||
);
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F379B0E414C946A6BC4F3417FE40FD1E" box="[263,397,619,645]" name="Bangladesh" pageId="145" pageNumber="146">Bangladesh</collectingCountry>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F379B0E414C946A6BCDF3417FE26FD1E" box="[407,491,619,645]" name="Bhutan" pageId="145" pageNumber="146">Bhutan</collectingCountry>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F379B0E414C946A6BCBE3417FDAAFD1E" box="[502,615,619,645]" name="Sri Lanka" pageId="145" pageNumber="146">Sri Lanka</collectingCountry>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F379B0E414C946A6BF383417FD7BFD1E" box="[624,694,619,645]" name="Nepal" pageId="145" pageNumber="146">Nepal</collectingCountry>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F379B0E414C946A6BF893417FCE9FD1E" box="[705,804,619,645]" name="Pakistan" pageId="145" pageNumber="146">Pakistan</collectingCountry>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F379B0E414C946A6BE653417FC53FD1E" box="[813,926,619,645]" name="Myanmar" pageId="145" pageNumber="146">Myanmar</collectingCountry>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F379B0E414C946A6BEE03417FC23FD1E" box="[936,1006,619,645]" name="China" pageId="145" pageNumber="146">China</collectingCountry>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F379B0E414C946A6BEB03417FB83FD1E" box="[1016,1102,619,645]" name="Taiwan" pageId="145" pageNumber="146">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F379B0E414C946A6B9103417FB56FD1E" box="[1112,1179,619,645]" name="Japan" pageId="145" pageNumber="146">Japan</collectingCountry>
|
||
; Southeast Asia;
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F379B0E414C946A6B8103417FEEAFD32" name="Papua New Guinea" pageId="145" pageNumber="146">Papua New Guinea</collectingCountry>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F379B0E414C946A6BC7B34F3FE78FD32" box="[307,437,655,681]" name="Micronesia" pageId="145" pageNumber="146">Micronesia</collectingCountry>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F379B0E414C946A6BCF634F3FDE5FD32" box="[446,552,655,681]" name="Australia" pageId="145" pageNumber="146">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F379B0E414C946A6BF7B34F3FD00FD32" box="[563,717,655,681]" name="New Zealand" pageId="145" pageNumber="146">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
|
||
; Hawaii.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C374A3FF14C946A6BD8F34CEFF15FD6A" pageId="145" pageNumber="146" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD1F07414C946A6BD8F34CEFF15FD6A" blockId="145.[151,1437,150,933]" pageId="145" pageNumber="146">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614C946A6BD8F34CEFE0DFD56" bold="true" box="[199,448,690,717]" pageId="145" pageNumber="146">Seasonal occurrence.</emphasis>
|
||
Collected during March–August and October–December from southern and northeastern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F379B0E414C946A6BDDF34ABFF19FD6A" box="[151,212,727,753]" name="India" pageId="145" pageNumber="146">India</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C374A3FF14C946A6BD8F3487FAA4FC8E" box="[199,1385,762,789]" pageId="145" pageNumber="146" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD1F07414C946A6BD8F3487FAA4FC8E" blockId="145.[151,1437,150,933]" box="[199,1385,762,789]" pageId="145" pageNumber="146">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614C946A6BD8F3487FE5CFC8F" bold="true" box="[199,401,762,789]" pageId="145" pageNumber="146">Natural enemies.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF714C946A6BCD03487FCE8FC8E" authority="(Schrank)" authorityName="Maqbool et al." authorityYear="2018" baseAuthorityName="Schrank" baseAuthorityYear="1802" box="[408,805,763,789]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Dinocampus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="145" pageNumber="146" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="coccinellae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614C946A6BCD03487FD60FC8E" box="[408,685,763,789]" italics="true" pageId="145" pageNumber="146">Dinocampus coccinellae</emphasis>
|
||
(Schrank)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF714C946A6BE783487FB6EFC8E" authority="(Dalman)" baseAuthorityName="Dalman" baseAuthorityYear="1820" box="[816,1187,763,789]" class="Insecta" family="Encyrtidae" genus="Homalotylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="145" pageNumber="146" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flaminius">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614C946A6BE783487FBE3FC8E" box="[816,1070,763,789]" italics="true" pageId="145" pageNumber="146">Homalotylus flaminius</emphasis>
|
||
(Dalman)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF714C946A6B9E63487FAA4FC8E" box="[1198,1385,763,789]" class="Arachnida" family="Podapolipidae" genus="Coccipolipus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trombidiformes" pageId="145" pageNumber="146" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614C946A6B9E63487FA8FFC8E" box="[1198,1346,763,789]" italics="true" pageId="145" pageNumber="146">Coccipolipus</emphasis>
|
||
sp.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C374A3FF14C946A6BD8F3563FD6DFC3E" pageId="145" pageNumber="146" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD1F07414C946A6BD8F3563FD6DFC3E" blockId="145.[151,1437,150,933]" pageId="145" pageNumber="146">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614C946A6BD8F3563FEDCFCA2" bold="true" box="[199,273,799,825]" pageId="145" pageNumber="146">Notes.</emphasis>
|
||
It is one of the well-studied species of the Indian region.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF8D8514C946A6BEC73563FA9DFCA2" author="Puttarudriah, M. & Channabasavanna, G. P." box="[911,1360,798,825]" pageId="145" pageNumber="146" pagination="87 - 96" refId="ref119835" refString="Puttarudriah, M. & Channabasavanna, G. P. (1953) Beneficial coccinellids of Mysore - I. Indian Journal of Entomology, 15, 87 - 96." type="journal article" year="1953">Puttarudriah & Channabasavanna (1953</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF8D8514C946A6B8133562FA59FCA2" author="Puttarudriah, M. & Channabasavanna, G. P." box="[1371,1428,798,825]" pageId="145" pageNumber="146" pagination="156 - 159" refId="ref119899" refString="Puttarudriah, M. & Channabasavanna, G. P. (1956) Some beneficial coccinellids of Mysore. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society, 54, 156 - 159." type="journal article" year="1956">1956</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) gave biological notes.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF8D8514C946A6BCD9353FFDEDFCC6" author="Kapur, A. P." box="[401,544,834,861]" pageId="145" pageNumber="146" pagination="313 - 348" refId="ref115118" refString="Kapur, A. P. (1956) Contribution to a knowledge of the fauna of Manipur state, Assam. V. Coleoptera. Records of the Indian Museum, Calcutta, 52, 313 - 348. https: // doi. org / 10.26515 / rzsi / v 52 / i 2 - 4 / 1955 / 162043" type="journal article" year="1956">Kapur (1956</bibRefCitation>
|
||
c) illustrated the elytral pattern variations. Bielawski (1957),
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF8D8514C946A6B98B353FFA97FCC6" author="Sasaji, H." box="[1219,1370,835,861]" pageId="145" pageNumber="146" refId="ref121158" refString="Sasaji, H. (1971) Fauna Japonica. Coccinellidae (Insecta: Coleoptera). Academic Press of Japan, Tokyo, 340 pp." type="book" year="1971">Sasaji (1971)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF8D8514C946A6B82C353FFF29FC1A" author="Pope, R. D." pageId="145" pageNumber="146" pagination="633 - 735" refId="ref118886" refString="Pope, R. D. (1989) A revision of the Australian Coccinellidae (Coleoptera). Part I. Subfamily Coccinellinae. Invertebrate Taxonomy, 3, 633 - 735. https: // doi. org / 10.1071 / IT 9880633" type="journal article" year="1989">Pope (1989)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF8D8514C946A6BDB8351BFE7DFC1A" author="Ren, S. X. & Wang, X. M. & Pang, H. & Peng, Z. Q. & Zeng, T." box="[240,432,871,897]" pageId="145" pageNumber="146" refId="ref120760" refString="Ren, S. X., Wang, X. M., Pang, H., Peng, Z. Q. & Zeng, T. (2009) Colored pictorial handbook of ladybird beetles in China. Science Press, Beijing, 336 pp. [in Chinese]" type="book" year="2009">
|
||
Ren
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614C946A6BC6C351BFE91FC1A" box="[292,348,871,897]" italics="true" pageId="145" pageNumber="146">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2009)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF8D8514C946A6BCF3351BFDE1FC1A" author="Yu, G." box="[443,556,871,897]" pageId="145" pageNumber="146" refId="ref124811" refString="Yu, G. (2010) Chinese Lady Beetles (The Subfamily Coccinellinae). China Scientific Press, Beijing, 180 pp. [in Chinese]" type="book" year="2010">Yu (2010)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and most recently,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF8D8514C946A6BE4E3514FC31FC1A" author="Slipinski, A. & Li, J. & Pang, H." box="[774,1020,871,899]" pageId="145" pageNumber="146" refId="ref122780" refString="Slipinski, A., Li, J. & Pang, H. (2020) Ladybird Beetles of the Australo-Pacific Region Coleoptera: Coccinellidae: Coccinellini. CSIRO Publishing, Clayton, Victoria, 240 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.1071 / 9781486303885" type="book" year="2020">
|
||
Ślipiński
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614C946A6BE38351BFC64FC1A" box="[880,937,871,897]" italics="true" pageId="145" pageNumber="146">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2020)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, have given descriptive accounts and illustrations.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF8D8514C946A6BC6135F7FE73FC3E" author="Sasaji, H." box="[297,446,907,933]" pageId="145" pageNumber="146" pagination="1 - 17" refId="ref121185" refString="Sasaji, H. (1977) Larval characters of Asian species of the genus Harmonia Mulsant. Memoirs of the Faculty of Education, Fukui University Series II, 27, 1 - 17." type="journal article" year="1977">Sasaji (1977)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
described the larva.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |